219 lines
23 KiB
XML
219 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600019" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189600019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/869CFA1A076599E00F77336D27E2369A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Moseley, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Moseley" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grayi" subGenus="Acanthocyathus">Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi (Moseley, 1881)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Anomocora fecunda (SAMC _ A 073042, off Shaka's Rock, 200 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, F Anomocora marchadi C, D (SAMC _ A 090093, off Durban, 49 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F (SAM _ H 3100, off Shaka's Rock, 66 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Aulocyathus juvenescens (Mortensen 25, off Durban, 424 m) G calicular view H lateral view I, J Aulocyathus sp. cf. Aulocyathus matricidus (DIa 1, locality data unknown) I calicular view J lateral view K, L Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi (USNM 91541, off Kosi Bay, 98 m) K calicular view L lateral view M, N Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) diomedeae (MN _ SM 129, off Margate, 850 m) M calicular view N lateral view N, O Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) ephyala (SAMC _ A 072974, off Paternoster, 440 m) O Calicular view P Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604104" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1K, L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848" authorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Acanthocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthocyathus grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grayi">Acanthocyathus grayi</taxonomicName>
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Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1848a: 293, pl. 9, fig. 2. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Alcock, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B5" refString="Alcock, A, 1898. An account of the deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 p. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27614" title="An account of the deep-sea Madreporaria collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 29 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 27614" year="1898">Alcock 1898</bibRefCitation>
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: 15. -van der
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<bibRefCitation author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 12" refId="B134" refString="Horst, van der C, 1931. Some solitary corals from the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum 33 (1): 3 - 12" title="Some solitary corals from the Indian Museum." volume="33" year="1931">Horst 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 6
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<bibRefCitation author="Umbgrove, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="263 - 274" refId="B283" refString="Umbgrove, J, 1938. Corals from an elevated marl of Talaud (East Indies). Zoologische Mededelingen 20: 263 - 274" title="Corals from an elevated marl of Talaud (East Indies)." volume="20" year="1938">. -Umbgrove 1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 264-265
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<bibRefCitation author="Umbgrove, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="637 - 651" refId="B284" refString="Umbgrove, J, 1950. Corals from the Putjangan beds (Lower Pleistocene) of Java. Journal of Paleontology 24 (6): 637 - 651" title="Corals from the Putjangan beds (Lower Pleistocene) of Java." volume="24" year="1950">. -Umbgrove 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 641-642, pl. 81, figs 27-32. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Wells, J" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="205 - 219" refId="B311" refString="Wells, J, 1984. Notes on the Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals. Part 10. Late Pleistocene ahermatypic corals from Vanuatu. Pacific Science 38 (3): 205 - 219" title="Notes on the Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals. Part 10. Late Pleistocene ahermatypic corals from Vanuatu." volume="38" year="1984">Wells 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 209, pl. 2, figs 5-9
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<bibRefCitation author="Zou, R" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Oceanology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="74 - 83" refId="B347" refString="Zou, R, 1988. Studies on the deep-water Scleractinia from South China Sea. 2 Record and narration of species as well as time-spatial distributional characteristics. Tropical Oceanology 7 (1): 74 - 83" title="Studies on the deep-water Scleractinia from South China Sea. 2 Record and narration of species as well as time-spatial distributional characteristics." volume="7" year="1988">. -Zou 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 76, figs 8-9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moseley" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grayi" subGenus="Acanthocyathus">Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">. -Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 49, pl. 21, figs I-K. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 97-98, figs 7C, F, I. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Western Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="361 - 417" refId="B40" refString="Cairns, S, 1998. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 361 - 417" title="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of western Australia." volume="18" year="1998">Cairns 1998</bibRefCitation>
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: 377. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
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: 76. -Cairns 2004: 276.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moseley" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Caryophyllia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grayi">Caryophyllia grayi</taxonomicName>
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. -Kitahara et al. 2010: 102, figs 53-55, 58-59.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Unknown (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
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; Kitahara et al. 2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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One syntype is deposited at the NHMUK (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
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; Kitahara et al. 2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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USNM 91541 (
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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)
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</emphasis>
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: Eastern margin,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
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south of Ponta Do Ouro/
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
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off Kosi Bay Estuary,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.79" value="-27.13633">27°08'10.79"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="07.20" value="32.868664">32°52'07.20"E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<specimenCount type="generic">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" unit="m" value="98.0">98 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Corallum ceratoid, curved, unattached, with a slender and slightly curved pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.09). Calice compressed (GCD:LCD = 1.6). Calicular margin serrate. Only specimen examined: 19.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12.4 mm in CD, 1.8 mm in PD, and 22.1 mm in H. Thecal margins rounded, with three thecal spines. Costae rounded, equal in width, and extending towards pedicel. C1 more prominent than remaining costae. Intercostal striae narrow. Examined specimen eroded with a light brown appearance.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Septa in 15 sectors arranged in four cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to the formula: 15:15:30:8 (68 septa). Primary septa most exsert, and extend
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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distance to columella, with straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. Higher cycle septa less exsert (if at all). Secondary septa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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the width of primaries, with sinuous axial margins. Tertiary septa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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less the width of secondaries also having sinuous axial margins. S4 rudimentary. A total of 15 (P3) with sinuous axial margins encircle an elongated fascicular columellar. Fossa of moderate depth.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Kosi Bay Estuary (32 km south of Ponta Do Ouro: Mozambique); 98 m. Elsewhere: Japan
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 150" refId="B37" refString="Cairns, S, 1994. Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 557: 1 - 150" title="Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific." volume="557" year="1994">(Cairns 1994</bibRefCitation>
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); Philippines; Indonesia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Wallis and Futuna Islands; Vanuatu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
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); New Caledonia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B154" refString="Kitahara, M, Cairns, S, 2021. Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Publications Scientifiques du Museum, Paris" title="Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos volume 32: Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from New Caledonia. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle." year="2021">Kitahara and Cairns 2021</bibRefCitation>
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); Australia (Cairns 2004; Kitahara et al. 2010); Andamans Islands (van der
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<bibRefCitation author="Horst, van der C" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Indian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 12" refId="B134" refString="Horst, van der C, 1931. Some solitary corals from the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum 33 (1): 3 - 12" title="Some solitary corals from the Indian Museum." volume="33" year="1931">Horst 1931</bibRefCitation>
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); 37-490 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Moseley" baseAuthorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Stenocyathidae" genus="Caryophyllia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grayi" subGenus="Acanthocyathus">Caryophyllia (Acanthocyathus) grayi</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dentata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848" authorityName="Milne Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Acanthocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acanthocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acanthocyathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the region, in having 15 primary septa and in bearing spines on both thecal edges only on one side in
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. dentata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="grayi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. grayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously reported from South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 243" refId="B54" refString="Cairns, S, Zibrowius, H, 1997. Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris) 172: 27 - 243" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: azooxanthellate Scleractinia from the Philippines and Indonesian regions." volume="172" year="1997">Cairns and Zibrowius 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="31 - 167" refId="B41" refString="Cairns, S, 1999a. Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 180: 31 - 167" title="Cnidaria Anthozoa: deep-water azooxanthellate Scleractinia from Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna Islands." volume="180" year="1999 a">Cairns 1999a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Kitahara et al. 2010), none of the authors presented the locality information. Nonetheless, South African representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rhizangiidae" genus="C." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. grayi" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="grayi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. grayi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to the Australian specimens in S1 bearing a sinuous axial margin, whereas they are both different from the Japanese specimens in that regard. However, this South African specimen differs from both the Japanese and Australian representatives in its septa arranged in 15 sectors, with four pairs of S4 (15:15:30:8); instead of 14 or 18 sectors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |