332 lines
36 KiB
XML
332 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85cd7166-7b23-496d-8b10-7f1dcf2c4d60" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920441" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115594" ID-ZooBank="A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1" checkinTime="1447441568197" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Robert A. Johnson" docDate="2015" docId="971D8786FFB4FFD965D417E2D3432470" docLanguage="en" docName="29902.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4029 (1)" docTitle="Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson, NEW SPECIES" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="6B24FFFEFFE9FFB865431775D1342613" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1645066743641" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of South American species of the seed-harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Part I</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Robert A. Johnson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4029</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4029.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A625A5A9-EE80-45E0-A9BE-7A183B0996B1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6115594" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114920441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6115594" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:971D8786FFB4FFD965D417E2D3432470" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971D8786FFB4FFD965D417E2D3432470" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection box="[151,785,151,177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph box="[151,785,151,177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,785,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,785,151,177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" box="[151,572,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta" status="NEW SPECIES">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,459,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
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Johnson
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[585,785,152,177]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" rank="species">NEW SPECIES</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,330,186,211]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph box="[151,330,186,211]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,322,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 47" captionStart-1="FIGURE 48" captionStartId-0="94.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionStartId-1="95.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[401,1179,193,1955]" captionTargetBox-1="[423,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetId-0="figure@94.[401,1185,193,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure@95.[423,1164,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId-0="94" captionTargetPageId-1="95" captionText-0="FIGURE 47. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914133). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." captionText-1="FIGURE 48. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson dealate brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235287). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figures 47–48</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Holotype worker [CASENT0914113]: ARGENTINA, Catamarca: Departamento
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<taxonomicName box="[1008,1109,258,280]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">Tinogasta</taxonomicName>
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, Ruta 11 at 17.5 km south of
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<taxonomicName box="[199,300,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">Tinogasta</taxonomicName>
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, 28o12.8’S 67o37.2’W, 4390 feet (1330 m), 4 January 2006 (R.A. Johnson #3754) [MACN]. Paratypes, same data as holotype: FML (3w), MACN (9w), RAJC (9w), UCDC (3w). Additional paratype series from the same locality and date—RAJ #3753: CASC (1w), FML (3w), MACN (9w), LACM (3w), MCZ (3w), RAJC (9w), USNM (3w); RAJ #3755: MACN (9w), RAJC (9w).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,379,450,475]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Worker. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Within the
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<emphasis box="[513,628,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName box="[513,628,450,474]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">P. laticeps</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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-group, the combination of: (1) body concolorous black except for dark reddish band encircling eye, (2) rugae on promesonotum longitudinal, usually regular, and (3) medial rugae along posterior margin of head longitudinal, rarely rugoreticulate uniquely characterize this species (
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<figureCitation box="[1209,1323,522,547]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="94.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[401,1179,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[401,1185,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 47. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914133). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1323,522,547]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figure 47</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="96" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,559,582]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Measurements</emphasis>
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—holotype (
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<emphasis box="[517,531,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">n</emphasis>
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= 13 paratypes). HL 1.87 (1.74–2.02); HW 1.98 (1.79–2.23); MOD 0.40 (0.36– 0.45); OMD 0.51 (0.45–0.58); SL 1.45 (1.33–1.57); PNW 1.24 (1.12–1.39); HFL 2.03 (1.90–2.13); ML 2.12 (2.16–2.60); PW 0.50 (0.48–0.57); PPW 0.74 (0.69–0.84). Indices: SI 73.23 (62.44–76.54); CI 105.88 (102.87– 113.78); OI 20.20 (18.18–22.35); HFI 102.53 (92.66–107.58).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,702,727]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Description</emphasis>
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. Head subquadrate to wider than long (CI = 102.87–113.78), widest just posterior to eye; posterior margin flat in full-face view. Longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum prominent, weakly wavy to irregular; in fullface view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head. In profile, rugae posterior to eyes converging toward vertex; vertex rugose. Cephalic interrugae weakly to moderately granulate-punctate, weakly shining to shining. Anterior margin of clypeus flat to weakly concave; dorsal surface with numerous subparallel, longitudinal rugae. Mandible with six teeth; mandibular dorsum coarsely rugose. Numerous long, curved, bristlelike, yellowish to brownish hairs project from anterior margin of clypeus and basolateral margin of mandibles. MOD ranging from 0.19–0.24x HL. In profile, eyes situated near middle of head, OMD = 1.09–1.39x MOD. Antennal scapes relatively long (SI = 62.44–76.54), failing to reach vertex by up to length of basal funicular segment, smooth and shining, distal portion often weakly striate. Basal flange of scape flattened, well-developed with carinate margin. Psammophore well-developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mesosomal profile flat to weakly convex; all mesosomal surfaces with prominent rugae. In profile and dorsal views, humeral shoulders of pronotum angulate, occasionally weakly elevated above medial portion of pronotum. Dorsum of promesonotum with wavy to irregular longitudinal rugae that diverge anterad toward humeral shoulders of pronotum, occasionally weakly rugoreticulate or irregularly transverse; anterior margin of pronotum with wavy to irregular transverse rugae that traverse ventrally on pronotal sides. Mesopleura with wavy to irregular rugae angling posterodorsally, rugae often more irregular to rugoreticulate near anterodorsal margin. Posterior surface of propodeum with transverse to weakly irregular rugae that traverse anteroventrally on sides. Propodeum with long, acuminate spines connected by well-defined keel; spines longer than distance between their bases. Inferior propodeal spines absent or reduced to indistinct broadly rounded processes. Propodeal spiracles narrowly ovate facing posterad. Interrugae on mesosoma weakly to moderately punctate to coriarious, weakly shining. Legs moderately coriarious, weakly shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Peduncle of petiole slightly shorter than petiolar node, anteroventral margin with bluntly angulate tooth-like process. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface shorter than posterior surface; apex weakly angulate to rounded. In dorsal view, petiolar node longer than wide, sides subparallel to slightly wider near spatulate anterior margin; posterior surface and sides with moderately strong, wavy to irregular, transverse to arcuate rugae. Dorsum of postpetiole convex in profile; in dorsal view, widest near posterior margin, narrowing toward anterior margin; maximal width about equal to length; dorsum and sides with wavy to irregular transverse rugae that are finer, denser than those on posterior surface of petiolar node. Interrugae weakly coriarious, weakly shining on posterior surface of petiolar node, weakly to moderately coriarious, dull to weakly shining on dorsum of postpetiole. First gastral tergum weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining to shining.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Erect whitish pilosity moderately abundant on head, variable in length, longest hairs shorter than MOD. Moderately abundant suberect to semidecumbent pilosity on scape, abundant decumbent hairs on funicular segments. Legs with moderately abundant semidecumbent white setae. Mesosoma, petiolar node, postpetiole, gastral terga with moderately dense, erect setae, mostly similar in length, only those on posterior gastral terga approaching MOD. Body concolorous black, often with dark reddish to brownish hue except for dark reddish-black band that usually encircles eyes (
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<figureCitation box="[522,636,1998,2023]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="94.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[401,1179,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@94.[401,1185,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 47. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson holotype worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0914133). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[522,636,1998,2023]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Figure 47</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="94" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[401,1179,193,1955]" targetPageId="94">
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<paragraph pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,288,1978,2000]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" box="[447,797,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
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<emphasis box="[447,707,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
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Johnson
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype worker: (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[994,1012,1978,2000]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
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) frontal view of head, (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1256,1273,1979,2000]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">B</emphasis>
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) lateral view of body, and (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,282,2009,2031]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal view of body (CASENT0914133). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="95" pageNumber="96" targetBox="[423,1158,193,1956]" targetPageId="95">
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<paragraph pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,290,1978,2000]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
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Photograph of
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<taxonomicName authority="Johnson" authorityName="Johnson" box="[455,810,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
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<emphasis box="[455,718,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
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Johnson
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</taxonomicName>
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dealate brachypterous queen: (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1138,1156,1978,2000]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">A</emphasis>
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) frontal view of head, (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1411,1428,1979,2000]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">B</emphasis>
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) lateral view of body, and (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,435,2009,2031]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">C</emphasis>
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) dorsal view of body (CASENT0235287). Photographs by Will Ericson from www.AntWeb.org.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,701,151,176]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Dealate (brachypterous) queen. Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This caste is diagnosed by: (1) brachypterous with ocelli on head, (2) in dorsal view, mesoscutum poorly-developed, anterior margin barely surpassing humeral shoulders of pronotum, (3) pronotum well-developed, (4) in profile, the pronotum rises at an approximately 45o angle to meet the mesoscutum, and (5) body concolorous black, often with lighter reddish-black band that encircles eyes (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="95.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[423,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[423,1164,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 48. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson dealate brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235287). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figure 48</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,374,335,359]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Measurements</emphasis>
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—(
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<emphasis box="[411,425,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">n</emphasis>
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= 12). HL 2.19–2.38; HW 2.44–2.64; MOD 0.47–.59; OMD 0.57–0.61; SL 1.55–1.73; PNW 1.56–1.65; HFL 2.20–2.41; ML 2.68–3.02; PW 0.60–0.67; PPW 0.97–1.09. Indices: SI 61.00–68.03; CI 105.96–117.65; OI 18.43–22.78; HFI 84.94–96.72.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,442,467]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Description</emphasis>
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. Brachypterous, with caste-specific morphology of the mesosoma related to wing-bearing and presence of small ocelli on head. In full-face view, head wider than long (CI = 105.96–117.65), posterior margin weakly concave medially. Longitudinal rugae on cephalic dorsum prominent, weakly wavy; in full-face view, medial rugae diverging weakly toward posterior corners of head, interrugae weakly coriarious, weakly shining to smooth and shining; vertex rugose, interrugae smooth, shining. Mandible with six teeth, dorsal surface coarsely rugose. Psammophore well-developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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All mesosomal surfaces with subparallel, regular to wavy rugae; interrugae weakly coriarious, weakly shining to smooth and shining. In profile, the pronotum rises at an approximately 45o angle to meet the mesoscutum. Superior propodeal spines short to medium-length; inferior spines absent to very poorly-developed. Peduncle of petiole about 0.8x as long as petiolar node, anteroventral margin with acute triangular process. In profile, petiolar node asymmetrical with anterior surface notably shorter than posterior surface, apex weakly angulate to rounded. Postpetiole wider than long. Posterior surface of petiolar node with transverse or oblique, regular to irregular rugae; dorsum of postpetiole with weaker, denser, transverse rugae; interrugae on posterior surface of petiolar node and dorsum of postpetiole weakly coriarious, weakly shining to smooth and shining. Gastral terga weakly coriarious, shining. Most body surfaces with moderately abundant suberect to erect, short to medium-length white setae. Body concolorous black, often with reddish tinge except for lighter reddish-black band that encircles eyes (
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<figureCitation box="[1285,1399,985,1010]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="95.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[423,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[423,1164,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 48. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson dealate brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235287). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1285,1399,985,1010]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figure 48</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph box="[199,392,1021,1046]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,267,1022,1045]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Male.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName box="[273,388,1021,1046]" family="Polemoniaceae" genus="Unknown" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Pantae" order="Polemoniales" pageId="96" pageNumber="118" rank="genus">Unknown</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,900,1057,1082]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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Additional material examined. ARGENTINA:
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[773,900,1057,1082]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Catamarca</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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: Rt 11 at 4.8 km S
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<taxonomicName box="[1143,1255,1057,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">Tinogasta</taxonomicName>
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, 3990’, Jan 17, 2010 (RAJC); Rt 60 at 20.5 km W Cordobita, 3630’, Jan 5, 2006 (RAJC); Rt 60 at 24.8 km NW Cordobita, 3670’, Jan 5, 2006 (RAJC) (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[389,524,1129,1154]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation box="[389,504,1129,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="85.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1173,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 42. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, (B) Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, and (C) Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Figure 42</figureCitation>
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C
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1166,1190]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet,
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<emphasis box="[576,687,1166,1189]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[576,683,1166,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">tinogasta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a noun in apposition and invariant in form. The name is derived from a small, localized group of Native Americans that lived in a pueblo of the same name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,332,1237,1262]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[349,647,1238,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,647,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not known to co-occur with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1069,1194,1237,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1083,1238,1261]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1107,1194,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1429,1237,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1429,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,438,1274,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,438,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[746,912,1273,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[746,912,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the coarse, irregular rugae on the head and mesosoma, whereas rugae on the head and mesosoma of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[842,1013,1309,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mendozanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,1013,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. mendozanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are fine, incised, and very regular.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,444,1346,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,444,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[779,899,1345,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[779,899,1345,1369]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the following characters: (1) body concolorous black except for dark reddish band encircling eye, (2) promesonotal rugae longitudinal, usually regular, and (3) medial rugae along posterior margin of head longitudinal, rarely rugoreticulate. In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1271,1387,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1271,1387,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. laticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (1) the head and mesosoma are dark reddish-black, gaster black, (2) rugae on the promesonotum are transverse, oblique, or irregular, rarely longitudinal, and (3) medial rugae along the posterior margin of the head are usually partly rugoreticulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,294,1561,1586]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[303,592,1562,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,592,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a solitary forager that harvests the seeds of various species. Most nests have an external seed chaff midden, the contents of which suggest that grass seeds are one of the primary items harvested. Nests have a tumulus that ranges from 15–25 cm in diameter. Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1107,1239,1634,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1107,1239,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably contain 300–500 workers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Nothing is known about the reproductive biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[798,931,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[798,931,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the queens are unusual. Several dealate queens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[272,407,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,286,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,407,1742,1765]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected near the surface of a nest excavated on 5 January, and several additional queens were collected foraging outside the nest. Several ant species have queens that apparently sometimes forego mating and later perform tasks such as foraging and nest maintenance (Peeters, 1997), and this behavior also appears to occur in
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,503,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[371,503,1850,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">P. tinogasta</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Reproductive status was not determined for these queens, but they are assumed to have been unmated given that foraging queens (both ergatoid and dealate) are unmated in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1150,1229,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. p i m a</emphasis>
|
||
, which is the only species in which such queens have been dissected (Johnson
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,953,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007). These observations add another
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,316,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pogonomymex</emphasis>
|
||
to the list of species in which queens forage outside the nest (Johnson
|
||
<emphasis box="[1109,1166,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
All queens collected by the author were dealate, but close examination of morphology suggested that these queens were brachypterous—these morphological features included: (1) faint ocelli, (2) enlarged pronotum and much reduced mesoscutum, and (3) the slope at which the pronotum raises to meet the mesoscutum is less steep; it is fully vertical in normal alate queens (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[625,864,262,287]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[625,753,262,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="71.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1178,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURE 33. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex inermis Forel alate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235305). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figures 33</figureCitation>
|
||
B & 36B
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
), while it rises at an approximately 45o angle in brachypterous queens (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[411,543,298,323]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[411,525,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="95.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[423,1158,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@95.[423,1164,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="95" captionText="FIGURE 48. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson dealate brachypterous queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0235287). Photographs by Will Ericson from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 48</figureCitation>
|
||
B
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and ergatoid queens (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[800,933,298,323]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[800,915,298,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="81.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[386,1190,193,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@81.[386,1200,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 39. Photograph of Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi ergatoid queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT 0217266). Photographs by Erin Prado from www. AntWeb. org." pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 39</figureCitation>
|
||
B
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). That these queens were brachypterous was verified via dissections in which one queen was found to lack direct flight muscles and any trace of internal phragmata; the latter are cuticular projections present in all flying insects that function to support the longitudinal wing muscles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,488,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,488,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pogonomyrmex tinogasta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits sites at elevations from 1100–1330 m. This species is restricted to central portions of the High Monte Desert ecoregion as defined by Olson
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,977,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001), and it is only known from the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,260,514,539]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pogonomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinogasta">Tinogasta</taxonomicName>
|
||
Department of Catamarca Province (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[677,811,514,539]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[677,792,514,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="85.[151,249,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[405,1173,193,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[405,1181,193,1956]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 42. Geographic distribution of: (A) Pogonomyrmex laticeps Santschi, (B) Pogonomyrmex mendozanus Cuezzo & Claver, and (C) Pogonomyrmex tinogasta Johnson. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality." pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Figure 42</figureCitation>
|
||
C
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Nests are located in sand dunes and sandy soils with a rocky substrate in the Monte Desert woodland with dominant plant species including
|
||
<emphasis box="[1109,1186,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1109,1186,551,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Larrea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1239,1376,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1239,1376,550,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Parkinsonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Parkinsonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,249,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,249,587,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Prosopis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
spp.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[316,415,586,610]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[316,415,586,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Bulnesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bulnesia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp., and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[515,592,587,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[515,592,587,610]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |