266 lines
40 KiB
XML
266 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="C421784173411C8C3B2CE287932E068F" ID-CLB-Dataset="30627" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7eba4551-e113-4902-9cb3-26a4d5df2993" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1187659" ID-ZooBank="F0845057-D918-4693-8D80-E94E6CA6EE8C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520059316433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise" docDate="2018" docId="03D9A066FFFBFFB1F2C119A5FB77F878" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4387.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4387 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascidia interrupta Heller 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="459" masterDocId="FFE0D81EFFFAFFB9F2561C58FF95FFB5" masterDocTitle="Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 1 - Phlebobranchia" masterLastPageNumber="472" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="452" updateTime="1698525847893" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="BBFFD648668E5BEFDD265781441600D3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BB31C15B97B7C63F42395074969CA482">
|
||
<mods:title id="5485E77C5DC6D16C5CBE0598738C808C">Ascidians collected during the Madibenthos expedition in Martinique: 1 - Phlebobranchia</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="442F2855933032C5FCE6C7A06592A46E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B80103830779527B50541FAAC68A67E6">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="752652006EF6A1113671E67A8E624B6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EFA09C8AB9E538695646A0F4C6670430">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="02E1FB2AE956F66AF1E86E2765168ED2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="BE3C0C370D984B622AC1595AFFCDB3F1" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="A3083B8917384AA5C936F0ED50F8C25C">
|
||
<mods:title id="C5A044A188AE280DA18599020A8A628B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7DBD9509E44F315D5ED82F3ECDEE4F8A">
|
||
<mods:date id="B5B4F631E72E7EA8D4D83B146BB571A0">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="73A4B07D3EE10937F752146EBEAD4F48" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="EAA22B636D7B94A93EB020A18F2D0941">2018-02-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3D63E8B1FC18DA228F528406ECBC1EDF" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1EF69B6FF1D0B1E5B1156CA5556407D6">4387</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A99604E8C1F28BA0038A68C1D34E4922" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="16A234D489DA623B62B0123BF2840AD6">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="7E36C3B483C37C101F38B62511EE5CE6" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="6808A0C60962B4BC849385E61BE5493C">451</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C274173B5E41C201A66B4DCD23FE89B5">472</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="C7E7C082BF07E1651633A309C0D838C1">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="760733DBE035A084B0F5F9473A121BD1" type="CLB-Dataset">30627</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7D4D65841C12FE4AEC94167ECBC436D9" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FAF3D2310CB1F77FEB14E9A252103071" type="GBIF-Dataset">7eba4551-e113-4902-9cb3-26a4d5df2993</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E26DC5A2345FAD5A21B0DF51A89FAE7A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B6BE4588A3E2B91290CD6D9DEB363B45" type="Zenodo-Dep">1187659</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="17746C0D4350EB96610AB6A28DAB739E" type="ZooBank">F0845057-D918-4693-8D80-E94E6CA6EE8C</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03D9A066FFFBFFB1F2C119A5FB77F878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5967755" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141263991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5967755" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9A066FFFBFFB1F2C119A5FB77F878" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9A066FFFBFFB1F2C119A5FB77F878" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A42FBFFFBFFB8F2C119A5FEC6F98D" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFBFFB8F2C119A5FD9BF9A2" blockId="1.[151,526,1533,1592]" box="[151,526,1533,1559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<heading id="D087A61CFFFBFFB8F2C119A5FD9BF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,526,1533,1559]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFBFFB8F2C119A5FD9BF9A2" authority="Heller, 1898" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,526,1533,1559]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFBFFB8F2C119A5FD9BF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,526,1533,1559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFBFFB8F2C119A5FEE7F9A2" bold="true" box="[151,370,1533,1559]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Ascidia interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFFBFFB8F32F19A5FD9BF9A2" box="[377,526,1533,1559]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref5476" refString="Heller, C. (1898) Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss der Tunicaten. Denkschriften der kais. a Akademie der Wissenschaften, 34, 83 - 110." type="journal article">Heller, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFBFFB8F2C11A47FEC6F98D" blockId="1.[151,526,1533,1592]" box="[151,339,1567,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFBFFB8F2C11A47FF4BF98D" box="[151,222,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[173,1417,183,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascidia interrupta (st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFBFFB8F2BC1A47FF6FF98D" box="[234,250,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1991,2013]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ascidia interrupta (st. AR 69). A, body; B, apertures of the neural gland duct; C, dorsal tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187669/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFBFFB8F3501A47FE83F98D" box="[262,278,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ascida interrupta (st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFBFFB8F3741A78FEA7F982" box="[290,306,1568,1591]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Ascidia interrupta (st. AR 415): A, neural gland duct stained with hemalum; B, dorsal tubercle area; C, detail of the neural ductapertures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187673/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFBFFB8F3681A78FEDBF98D" box="[318,334,1568,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,187,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1419,187,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ascidia interrupta: A–B, tunic spinules (st. AR 69); C–D, branchial tissue in 2 different specimens without neural accessoryapertures; E–F, branchial tissue in 2 specimens with numerous neural accessory apertures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187675/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">8</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A42FBFFFBFFB1F2C11A30FDE8F940" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="459" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFBFFB8F2C11A30FE78F90E" blockId="1.[151,1435,1640,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Stations: AB 120; AB 123; AB 149; AB 155; AB 157; AB 163; AB 169; AB 175; AB 187; AB 189; AB195; AB197; AR 63; AR 65; AR 69; AR72; AR 101; AR 103; AR107; AR 110; AR 118; AR170; AR 172; AR177; AR 194; AR364; AR 415. (MNHN P5 ASC.A 434–437)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFBFFB8F2C11A9CFD2BF96F" blockId="1.[151,1435,1640,1754]" box="[151,702,1732,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Synonymy and distribution in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFFBFFB8F39D1A9DFD2BF96F" box="[459,702,1732,1754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref5322" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. & Rocha, R. M. (2011) The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article">Bonnet & Rocha (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFBFFBAF2C11B5FFA00FEA8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1798,2003]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="454" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
Numerous ascidians collected by the Madibenthos survey would be normally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFBFFB8F69C1B5EFEB3F8F6" authority="Heller, 1878" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFBFFB8F69C1B5EFA09F8AB" box="[1226,1436,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Ascidia interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
Heller, 1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as their anatomy is that generally described in the Caribbean area for this species and its organ variability was emphasised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFFBFFB8F3AD1B17FD5EF8D2" box="[507,715,1870,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" refId="ref6192" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural history, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. But in some
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4DF92FFFBFFB8F1381B16FC7EF8D2" box="[878,1003,1870,1895]" country="France" name="Martinique" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36751E0FFFBFFB8F1381B16FC7EF8D2" box="[878,1003,1870,1895]" name="Martinique" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens the structure of the neural gland has several openings along the duct and that would better correspond to the diagnosis of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFBFFB8F77C1B2BFA00F83E" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[1322,1429,1907,1931]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="1" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFBFFB8F77C1B2BFA00F83E" box="[1322,1429,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Phallusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. So a question arises about the genus for the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B4DF92FFFBFFB8F0D51BCEFD6AF81A" box="[643,767,1942,1967]" country="France" name="Martinique" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36751E0FFFBFFB8F0D51BCEFD6AF81A" box="[643,767,1942,1967]" name="Martinique" pageId="1" pageNumber="452">Martinique</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
samples. The presence of more than one species also might be possible. In my opinion, for the Madibenthos specimens, the different neural gland structures are here considered as a variability inside the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF9FFBAF0FA1CC0FCD4FF1A" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[684,833,152,175]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF9FFBAF0FA1CC0FCD4FF1A" box="[684,833,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">A. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as all other anatomical characters are more or less variable and particularly the tunic surface with or without papillae. These variations are not linked together among the different specimens, they can occur in the same station and their degree is progressive. The anatomical description below will detail the differences observed between
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D76DAF9FFF9FFBAF10C1D5CFC67FEA8" box="[858,1010,260,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" type="generic">40 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
dissected and stained with hemalum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFF8FFBBF2C11BECFF47F85D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187661/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" startId="2.[151,250,1972,1994]" targetBox="[166,1416,236,1935]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF8FFBBF2C11BECFF47F85D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1972,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF8FFBBF2C11BECFE81F87C" bold="true" box="[151,276,1972,1994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF8FFBBF34A1BECFE50F87F" box="[284,453,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="453">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF8FFBBF34A1BECFE54F87F" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1890" box="[284,449,1972,1994]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="2" pageNumber="453" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="archaia">Ascidia archaia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, body ventrally opened and stained; B, three undissected specimens in formalin (scale bar = 1cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF9FFBAF2911D7FFE40FE40" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF9FFBAF2911D7FFECCFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The body shape mostly depends on how the specimens were attached to the substrate, by the whole ventral side or the posterior end or if they were partially burrowed. The tunic is stiff, thick, cartilaginous with brown vessels in its thickness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF0601D37FD1FFE3D" box="[566,650,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[173,1417,183,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascidia interrupta (st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig.4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The surface has irregular grooves and swellings and often contains epibionts and sand. Some specimens are covered by large spiny papillae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF1BC1DCCFBD2FE18" box="[1002,1095,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1991,2013]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ascidia interrupta (st. AR 69). A, body; B, apertures of the neural gland duct; C, dorsal tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
; 6A; 8A,B), others have only sparse very small pointed papillae, many specimens have no papillae at all. The tunic papillae have 3 to 4 short soft spines at the top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF30A1D84FE5CFE40" box="[348,457,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,187,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1419,187,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ascidia interrupta: A–B, tunic spinules (st. AR 69); C–D, branchial tissue in 2 different specimens without neural accessoryapertures; E–F, branchial tissue in 2 specimens with numerous neural accessory apertures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187675/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig.8A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF9FFBAF2911DA7FE62FC10" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
The oral siphon of fixed specimens remains wide open, it is apical and sometimes shows 8 external ridges but internally the rim is divided into 18 to 22 lobes with a black spot between them. The atrial siphon is sessile at mid distance of the body length. Extracted from the tunic the body has a yellowish colour with dark brown pigment on the siphons and irregular dark patches on the body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF1441E34FCE5FD30" box="[786,880,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[173,1417,183,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascidia interrupta (st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Figs.4A</figureCitation>
|
||
; 6B,C).. The thin and numerous oral tentacles are dark in 3 orders of size but vary in number. The prepharyngeal area is narrow and has no papillae. The prepharyngeal groove has 2 blades which do not curve on the dorsal line. The neural ganglion is placed near the atrial aperture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF3121E8FFE09FD45" box="[324,412,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ascida interrupta (st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The neural gland lies above the ganglion. In most of the specimens the duct of the neural gland is straight without secondary apertures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF0C81EA4FD60FCA1" box="[670,757,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[173,1417,183,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascidia interrupta (st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ends anteriorly in a U-shaped dorsal tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF76B1EA4FA1AFCA0" box="[1341,1423,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1991,2013]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ascidia interrupta (st. AR 69). A, body; B, apertures of the neural gland duct; C, dorsal tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In other specimens there are no accessory apertures along the duct but instead multiple grouped openings take the place of the dorsal tubercle (Fig; 7B). In a few specimens some or numerous apertures are lined along the neural gland duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF9FFBAF3731F3FFE14FC35" box="[293,385,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1991,2013]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,205,1970]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ascidia interrupta (st. AR 69). A, body; B, apertures of the neural gland duct; C, dorsal tubercle." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187669/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
; 6B; 7A,C). This variability of the neural duct is not linked to the animal size or to the differences in the tunic surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFF9FFBAF2C11B92FD4CF855" box="[151,729,1994,2016]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187663/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" startId="3.[151,250,1994,2016]" targetBox="[151,1436,999,1959]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF9FFBAF2C11B92FD4CF855" blockId="3.[151,729,1994,2016]" box="[151,729,1994,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF9FFBAF2C11B92FE87F86A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1994,2016]" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF9FFBAF34F1B92FE55F855" box="[281,448,1994,2016]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="454">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF9FFBAF34F1B92FE29F855" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1890" box="[281,444,1994,2016]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="454" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="archaia">Ascidia archaia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
part of the branchial tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFFEFFBDF2C11B8AFB4DF85D" box="[151,1240,2002,2024]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187665/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" startId="4.[151,250,2002,2024]" targetBox="[151,1436,249,1903]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFEFFBDF2C11B8AFB4DF85D" blockId="4.[151,1240,2002,2024]" box="[151,1240,2002,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFEFFBDF2C11B8AFE87F852" bold="true" box="[151,274,2002,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFEFFBDF34F1B8AFE2DF85D" baseAuthorityName="Traustedt" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[281,440,2002,2024]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFEFFBDF34F1B8AFE2DF85D" box="[281,440,2002,2024]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">Ascidia curvata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: A, body without tunic (scale bar = 1cm); B, dissection stained with hemalum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFFFFFBCF2C11989FF7AF9B3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" startId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" targetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFFFFBCF2C11989FF7AF9B3" blockId="5.[151,1435,1489,1542]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFFFFBCF2C11989FE86FA53" bold="true" box="[151,275,1489,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFFFFBCF34D1989FE40FA52" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[283,469,1489,1511]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFFFFBCF34D1989FE40FA52" box="[283,469,1489,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Ascidia interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFFFFBCF2911A75FC57F843" blockId="5.[151,1437,1581,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
The dorsal lamina begins by two long blades prolonged posteriorly as single membrane with ribs ending in small papillae. The branchial tissue has the same structure in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFFFFBCF1AF1A09FB3FF9DF" box="[1017,1194,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1699,1721]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,187,1684]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[175,1419,187,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Ascidia interrupta: A–B, tunic spinules (st. AR 69); C–D, branchial tissue in 2 different specimens without neural accessoryapertures; E–F, branchial tissue in 2 specimens with numerous neural accessory apertures." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187675/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 8 C,D, E,F</figureCitation>
|
||
) with very numerous longitudinal vessels some of them oblique, wearing spoon-like papillae which irregularly have a button-like protuberance at the base. The meshes have an irregular size and contain an average of 5 to 8 stigmata or occasionally more. There are no intermediate papillae along the longitudinal vessels. The branchial tissue contains dark pigment irregularly distributed and particularly abundant in the wider transverse vessels. The branchial sac is prolonged far below the gut. The musculature has exactly the same design in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFFFFBCF6911B5DFAB2F8AB" box="[1223,1319,1797,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[173,1417,183,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascidia interrupta (st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
; 6B). The longitudinal fibres of the oral siphon are thin, not grouped in bundles; they are shortly prolonged on the left side but on the right they are longer. Dense transverse muscles extend the whole width of the right body side, the fibres being thicker dorsally and ventrally. Oblique fibres start from the base of the atrial siphon and spread in a fan on the half posterior right side and cross the transverse muscles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFFFFBCF1791BCDFC14F81B" box="[815,897,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ascida interrupta (st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig.6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the left side close to the ventral line short transverse fibres form a narrow ribbon which does not reach the gut level. The atrial siphon has numerous but thin circular muscles and a few strong but short longitudinal fibres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFFFFBCF10B1B85FC21F843" box="[861,948,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ascida interrupta (st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFFCFFBFF2C11B9FFB78F868" box="[151,1261,1991,2014]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187669/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" startId="6.[151,250,1991,2013]" targetBox="[151,1436,205,1970]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFCFFBFF2C11B9FFB78F868" blockId="6.[151,1261,1991,2014]" box="[151,1261,1991,2014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFCFFBFF2C11B9FFE87F868" bold="true" box="[151,274,1991,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFCFFBFF34F1B9FFE47F86B" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[281,466,1991,2014]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="457" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFCFFBFF34F1B9FFE47F86B" box="[281,466,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="457">Ascidia interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(st. AR 69). A, body; B, apertures of the neural gland duct; C, dorsal tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFFDFFBEF2C11AB6FE9BF896" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" startId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFDFFBEF2C11AB6FE9BF896" blockId="7.[151,1436,1774,1827]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFDFFBEF2C11AB6FE81F8B6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1774,1796]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFFDFFBEF34A1AB6FE45F8B1" box="[284,464,1774,1796]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFFDFFBEF34A1AB6FE45F8B1" box="[284,464,1774,1796]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Ascida interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFFDFFBEF2911B12FBC1F847" blockId="7.[151,1436,1866,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
|
||
The gut occupies the lower half of the left body side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFDFFBEF14A1B12FC15F8D6" box="[796,896,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1489,1511]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,192,1477]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[173,1417,183,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascidia interrupta (st. AB 175): A, body ventrally opened without stain (scale 1cm); B, duct of the neural gland (stained)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187667/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
; 6,B,C). The stomach is olive shaped with a few indistinct longitudinal folds. The intestine makes two closed loops. The descending limb of the intestine is wide more often inflated in a large pouch densely pigmented in dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFFDFFBEF1A71BCAFBF9F81E" box="[1009,1132,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ascida interrupta (st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Figs 6B,C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anus has 2 slightly undulated lobes or a smooth thin rim. The ovary is placed inside the gut loop. Small testis vesicles are spread on the whole intestine. The gonoducts follow the rectum and open together against the anus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0F41F8FFF2FFB1F2C11A6BFE0DF9DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187673/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" startId="8.[151,250,1587,1609]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1566]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF2FFB1F2C11A6BFE0DF9DD" blockId="8.[151,1435,1587,1640]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F2C11A6BFE86F9FC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1587,1609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F34C1A6BFE41F9FC" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[282,468,1587,1609]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F34C1A6BFE41F9FC" box="[282,468,1587,1609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Ascidia interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(st. AR 415): A, neural gland duct stained with hemalum; B, dorsal tubercle area; C, detail of the neural duct apertures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF2FFB1F2911ACDFDE8F940" blockId="8.[151,1437,1684,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
A very large blood vessel starting from the oesophagus level (where it contains a round concretion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134B0DF5FFF2FFB1F7131ACCFA01F918" box="[1349,1428,1684,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1774,1796]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1753]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ascida interrupta (st. AR 415): A body; B, neural area and muscles; C, other specimen ventrally opened. Scale bars = 1cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187671/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Fig.6B</figureCitation>
|
||
) encircles the gut, follows the ventral line and divides in several branches with one of them larger protruding externally from the body to reach the tunic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36A42FBFFF2FFB1F2911B59FB77F878" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCF1170FFF2FFB1F2911B59FB77F878" blockId="8.[151,1437,1684,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F2911B59FEAEF8AC" bold="true" box="[199,315,1793,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The Madibenthos specimens are assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F1CA1B59FBA6F8AD" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1878" box="[924,1075,1793,1816]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Ascidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F1CA1B59FBA6F8AD" box="[924,1075,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">A. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
often recorded in the tropical western Atlantic (references in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFF2FFB1F3AF1B7DFD62F888" box="[505,759,1828,1853]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refId="ref5322" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. & Rocha, R. M. (2011) The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article">Bonnet & Rocha 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) even though some of the characters evoke similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F2C11B11FE97F8D4" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,258,1865,1889]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F2C11B11FE97F8D4" box="[151,258,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Phallusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F36A1B11FE32F8D4" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[316,423,1865,1889]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F36A1B11FE32F8D4" box="[316,423,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">Phallusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from the Atlantic Ocean differ by several linked characters, a dark brown pigment of all tissues, numerous siphonal lobes, the muscle design, and an inflated intestinal pouch. The other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F7631B34FA09F830" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[1333,1436,1900,1925]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phallusia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species registered in the western Atlantic are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F0F91BC9FB36F81C" authority="(Millar & Goodbody, 1974)" baseAuthorityName="Millar & Goodbody" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[687,1187,1936,1961]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caguayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F0F91BC9FCC3F81D" box="[687,854,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">P. caguayensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFF2FFB1F13E1BC8FB0EF81C" box="[872,1179,1936,1961]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refId="ref5584" refString="Millar, R. H. & Goodbody, I. (1974) New species of ascidians from the West Indies. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, No 148, 45, 142 - 161." type="journal article">Millar & Goodbody, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F6E41BC9FEB2F878" authority="Bonnet & Rocha, 2011" authorityName="Bonnet & Rocha" authorityYear="2011" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F6E41BC9FAB4F81C" box="[1202,1313,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">P. fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFF2FFB1F77D1BC9FEB2F878" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refId="ref5322" refString="Bonnet, N. Y. & Rocha, R. M. (2011) The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. Zootaxa, 2864, 1 - 33." type="journal article">Bonnet & Rocha, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F3641BEEFDD1F87B" authority="(Savigny, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Savigny" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[306,580,1973,1998]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F3641BEEFE1FF878" box="[306,394,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">P. nigra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFF2FFB1F3CF1BEDFDA9F87B" box="[409,572,1973,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refId="ref5839" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1816) Recherches anatomiques sur les ascidies composees et sur les ascidies simples - Systeme de la classe des Ascidies. Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres, 2, 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 65971" type="journal article">Savigny, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F01D1BEEFCFAF87B" authority="(Grube, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Grube" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[587,879,1973,1998]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fumigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F01D1BEEFD5FF878" box="[587,714,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">P. fumigata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE16C81FFF2FFB1F08F1BEDFCF2F87B" box="[729,871,1973,1998]" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" refId="ref5444" refString="Grube, A. E. (1864) Die Insel Lussin und ihre Meeresfauna. F. Hirt, Breslau, 17 pp. [pp. 50 - 66]" type="book chapter">Grube, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C706AF3FFF2FFB1F1F01BEEFB48F878" authority="(Traustedt, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Traustedt" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[934,1245,1973,1998]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Ascidiidae" genus="Phallusia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="8" pageNumber="459" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ingeria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B904CD62FFF2FFB1F1F01BEEFB9BF878" box="[934,1038,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="459">P. ingeria</emphasis>
|
||
(Traustedt, 1883)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |