206 lines
14 KiB
XML
206 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon neon De Laubenfels 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>239</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>70</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037786" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7CB6AD116FE6B38BFB3F37D108B144CA" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cyamon_neon" authority="De Laubenfels, 1930" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1930" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Cyamon</pageBreakToken>
|
||
neon De Laubenfels, 1930
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||
De
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Laubenfels 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 28 (California);
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Laubenfels, MW De" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 140" title="The marine and fresh-water sponges of California." url="10.5479/si.00963801.81-2927.1" volume="81" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 109, fig. 65;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sim, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 23" title="Marine sponges of Santa Catalina Island, California." volume="5" year="1986">Sim and Bakus 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17 (California, with erroneous size data of the polyactines);
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Luke 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 10 (La Jolla, S California);
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lee et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 211.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Holotype USNM 21412, preserved in alcohol, California, between Point Dunes and Newport, near San Pedro.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Paratype: BMNH 1929.9.30.5, two slides, Santa Catalina Island, California, 33.5°N.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Shape massively encrusting (Fig. 11A) with irregular conulose-villose surface. Size of specimen 4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3 cm in lateral expansion, 2 cm in thickness. Color (alcohol) red brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Skeleton: columnar, with thick short styles at the center of a mass of polyactines, with long thin styles protruding from this skeleton surrounded by shorter centrotylote styles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Spicules: long thin styles, short thin centrotylote styles, short thick styles, polyactines.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Long thin styles (Figs 11B, B1), relative straight and robust, frequently with subterminal tyle 860
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1041–">-1041-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1290
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.8–">-7.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||
10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(De Laubenfels gives: up to 1560
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Short thin styles (Figs 11C, C1), curved, centrotylote, often with mucronate slightly rugose pointed end, 191
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–242.8–">-242.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||
306
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–2.4–">-2.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Short thick styles (Fig. 11D), smooth, curved evenly, occasionally oxeote, 270
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–408.2–">-408.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||
468
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–16.8–">-16.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||
24
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Polyactines (Figs 11E, 11E1, 11F) robust, largely smooth with cladi spined only at the apices (Fig. 11E1), or all cladi smooth. The three- or four claded forms vary widely in size and are sometimes reminiscent of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicules. Three-claded forms tend to have longer and thicker lateral cladi than the rare four-claded forms. Basal cladi in three-claded spicules are 33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–48.8–">-48.8-</normalizedToken>
|
||
63
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–11.7–">-11.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, lateral cladi 72
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–95.7–">-95.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||
132
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, while four-claded forms have basal cladi 40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–55.0–">-55.0-</normalizedToken>
|
||
69
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–7.7–">-7.7-</normalizedToken>
|
||
9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
and lateral cladi 30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–45.1–">-45.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||
57
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.3–">-6.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. There are very common diactinal polyactines (Fig. 11F), mimicking oxeas, but recognizable as reduced polyactines by centrotylote swellings and finely spined apices, size 123
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–158.3–">-158.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||
202
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–10.2–">-10.2-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure 11.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||
De Laubenfels, 1930, holotype USNM 21412, A massively encrusting shape with irregular surface (scale = 1 cm) B long thin style B1 detail of rounded end showing subterminal tyle C short thin centrotylote (strongylo-)style C1 detail of swollen roughened apex of short thin (strongylo-)style D short thick style E polyactines E1 detail of basal cladus of polyactine F diactinal polyactine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Southern Californian Bight (San Pedro, Santa Catalina island, La Jolla).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">On hard substrate, at depths 0-36 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusual among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by it possession of polyactines with smooth or barely spined cladi, the shape of many of the polyactines mimicking those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the occurrence of diactinal polyactines. The latter spicules are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which in most respects is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon neon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="neon">Cyamon neon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For a comparison between the two species see below in the remarks to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon argon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="argon">Cyamon argon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the area is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon koltuni" order="Axinellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="koltuni">Cyamon koltuni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which differs substantially in the bulbous endings of the cladi of the polyactines and absence of the short thin styles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |