328 lines
48 KiB
XML
328 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="8C96113E999A6F8AF5F87C90EB1D9123" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199399" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35e1d8fd-7438-49b3-824c-3f51b64e7093" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199399" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460336195614" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tourinho, Ana Lúcia, Lo, Nancy F. & Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio" docDate="2010" docId="2A6987E1FF92194A14AF716160746C5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02684p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2684" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cryptocellus iaci Tourinho, Lo & Bonaldo, 2010, sp. nov" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="D650FF99FF93194E1438700663296A00" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ricinulei of the genus Cryptocellus Westwood (Arachnida) from northern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698259827028" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D05B90A6BD2C531CBE1554591256D313">
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<mods:title id="AA3A54C2507D29CA2ED37C3ED7DF3400">A new species of Ricinulei of the genus Cryptocellus Westwood (Arachnida) from northern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="77AF2483A0651F57AF56875BEF44F589" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0609AC3456B1792550DA3DBADFD650AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8DA9B0F446F916005029E74AEBCCC396">Tourinho, Ana Lúcia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="3FEE0ED771E8DC1B66D948E9318B89BE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="51F7CC38100B2A8ECF1A51B266EE9DBA">Lo, Nancy F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BA4BA9B7EC79273672CAB0B1950D3ADA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C1F7D2D585546935E3F2894828B923BA">Bonaldo, Alexandre Bragio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="673A6D24143D689858577727CDE41FF4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="055457C466A261AE738FBDA50FF10AA8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8A6B08DF313F77114F7D32CFC9C5563">
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<mods:date id="7261B5953AAB6BEC65CF58C7A9A3C85C">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="57BD2165B7083299BD347B393DC422B0" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199399</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2A6987E1FF92194A14AF716160746C5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6196760" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119405362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6196760" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B276082-8206-4EB8-8334-94BFC9C34A6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A6987E1FF92194A14AF716160746C5C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194F14AF716162376BA4" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14AF716162E96B81" blockId="1.[151,448,359,420]" box="[151,448,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<heading id="F937819BFF92194F14AF716162E96B81" bold="true" box="[151,448,359,385]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14AF716162E96B81" bold="true" box="[151,448,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F14AF716162486B81" ID-CoL="ZVQ6" box="[151,353,359,385]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14AF716162486B81" bold="true" box="[151,353,359,385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Cryptocellus iaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF92194F1551716162E96B81" box="[361,448,359,385]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14AF718C62376BA4" blockId="1.[151,448,359,420]" box="[151,286,394,420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F14A7718C623C6BA4" box="[159,277,394,420]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId-0="2.[151,269,1911,1935]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox-0="[178,1421,483,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[178,1422,483,1898]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs 1–12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194F14AF71C96611680F" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14AF71C96611680F" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14AF71C962656BE9" bold="true" box="[151,332,463,489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<typeStatus id="7D7B8855FF92194F14AF71C963FD6BE9" box="[151,212,463,489]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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Female
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<typeStatus id="7D7B8855FF92194F158971D6613E6BEA" box="[433,535,464,490]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<collectionCode id="C4D1AE32FF92194F161E71D661436BEA" box="[550,618,464,490]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">INPA</collectionCode>
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086),
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<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF92194F168E71D660286BEA" box="[694,769,464,490]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, state of Roraima, municipality of Caracarai, community of Caicubi, 01°00΄32,0 4ʺN 62°07΄10,56ʺW,
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<date id="D67E1037FF92194F16A271F3601C680F" box="[666,821,501,527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" value="2008-10-25">25 Oct. 2008</date>
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, visual nocturnal search, A.L. Tourinho leg.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194F14FD721C606B68A4" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14FD721C606B68A4" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14FD721C627B6834" bold="true" box="[197,338,538,564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</emphasis>
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A noun in apposition. In Tupi,
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F16FC721C61D96834" box="[708,752,538,564]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">Iaci</taxonomicName>
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means moon or mother of fruits, here used in reference to the Amazonian mythology of “
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F163D724661AD685A" box="[517,644,576,602]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icamiabas">Icamiabas</taxonomicName>
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”, the female warriors described in the chronicles of
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<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF92194F10D5724666B5685A" box="[1261,1436,576,602]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
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friar Gaspar de Carvajal. According to this myth the brave “
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F1764726360F0687F" box="[860,985,613,639]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icamiabas">Icamiabas</taxonomicName>
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” would annually meet the males from the tribe Gacaris for a mating night called the “
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F1685728C61C468A4" box="[701,749,650,676]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">Iaci</taxonomicName>
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” party.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194F14FD72A9610B69F4" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14FD72A9610B69F4" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14FD72A9626468C9" bold="true" box="[197,333,687,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F156E72B6628268C9" box="[342,427,688,713]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F156E72B6628268C9" box="[342,427,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">C. iaci</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F158C72A9613368C9" bold="true" box="[436,538,687,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF92194F158C72A9613368C9" box="[436,538,687,713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can be readily recognized by the following combination of characters: carapace virtually smooth (
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<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F15D472D3614D68EF" box="[492,612,725,751]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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differing from females of
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F178B72D3679168EE" box="[947,1208,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F178B72D3676C68EE" box="[947,1093,725,750]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ababoru">C. ababoru</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F106A72D3679168EE" box="[1106,1208,725,750]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="becki">C. becki</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F10F272D363DB6913" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F10F272D3666968EE" box="[1226,1344,725,750]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foedus">C. foedus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F11B872D363DB6913" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonis">C. simonis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, which have tuberculate carapaces); proximal apophysis present dorsally on femora of legs I and II (
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<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F1498732663DA693A" box="[160,243,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[178,1421,483,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1422,483,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F153A7326623A693A" box="[258,275,800,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">9</figureCitation>
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), blunt and as long as wide; proximal apophysis size similar to
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F1036732667BF6939" box="[1038,1174,800,825]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abaporu">
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<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F1036732667BF6939" box="[1038,1174,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">C. abaporu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but not rounded as in that species (see
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<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF92194F1567734361C0695F" author="Bonaldo" box="[351,745,837,863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2003) On a new species of Cryptocellus from the Brazilian Amazon (Arachnida, Ricinulei). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 7, 103 - 108." type="journal article" year="2003">Bonaldo & Pinto-da-Rocha 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig.14). The new species resembles
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<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F10A4734367D5695E" box="[1180,1276,837,862]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="becki">
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||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F10A4734367D5695E" box="[1180,1276,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">C. becki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF92194F11047343627F6984" author="Platnick" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" refString="Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1977) On Amazonian Cryptocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). American Museum Novitates, 2633, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1977">Platnick & Shadab 1977</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 38) in having few tubercles on the cucullus, concentrated in the proximal region (
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<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F1153736C639E69AA" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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), but differs by having the opisthosoma with two ventral pairs of shallow lateral pits containing tubercles, anterior pair smaller than the other (
|
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<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F166B73B3618469CF" box="[595,685,949,975]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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). Spermathecae similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F106773B367C969CE" box="[1119,1248,949,974]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F106773B367C969CE" box="[1119,1248,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">C. simonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with more highly coiled ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F15BE73DC613C69F4" box="[390,533,986,1012]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,269,755,779]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,207,723]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1430,194,734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, spermathecae. 13, posterior view; 14, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194F14FD73F962A76D74" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14FD73F962EB6D4F" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14FD73F961746E19" bold="true" box="[197,605,1023,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Description of female
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D7B8855FF92194F15D373F961746E19" box="[491,605,1023,1049]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Total body length, excluding pygidium, 5.11, cucullus 0.88 long, greatest width 1.22, prosoma 1.96 long, 1.81 wide between legs II and III; opisthosoma 3.14 long; 2.59 wide near middle of tergite; legs I 4.62, II 7.40, III 5.18, IV 6.51. General body color (in 80% ethanol) dark reddishbrown, opisthosoma lighter than carapace, ventral opisthosoma lighter than dorsal, intersegmental membranes orange; cucullus dark red, much darker at anterior margin and in median half. Few rounded tubercles only at margins of prosoma, no tubercles in median portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F172274BC60A66ED4" box="[794,911,1210,1236]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
); cucullus with few tubercles, concentrated proximally, very few and sparse distally, distal margin of lateral lobes slightly protuberant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F111574E666A56EFA" box="[1325,1420,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); opisthosomal tubercles spread on lateral tergites, only present on posterior half of opisthosoma, mostly concentrated in lateral concavity and at posterior margin, no median tubercles, intersegmental membranes without tubercles or setae ventrally; legs covered with tubercles dorsally, ventrally concentrated in posterior half. Iridescent tubercles, showing shades of purple and dark blue, present on: dorsal cucullus, opisthosoma (more numerous), and legs, sparse in all dorsal and lateral parts of legs, but more numerous on distal part of trochanter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F152675C6624C6FDA" box="[286,357,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[178,1421,483,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1422,483,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and proximal part of patella. Surface of body entirely covered by two
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D7B8855FF92194F109475C667C36FDA" box="[1196,1258,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of white setae, short and curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F155575E3629C6FFF" box="[365,437,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[178,1421,483,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1422,483,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) or long and straight (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F168675E3602E6FFF" box="[702,775,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[178,1421,483,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1422,483,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prosoma longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F105D75E367846FFF" box="[1125,1197,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), distal margin with few long and short setae; cucullus as long as wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F16CC760C60606C24" box="[756,841,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) with greater concentration of long, straight setae; opisthosoma with greater concentration of short, curved setae, appendages with long, straight setae predominating over short ones. One pair of lateral “eyes” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F1759765360826C6F" box="[865,939,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cheliceral movable fingers armed with seven (left chelicera) or eight (right chelicera) teeth of similar size, fixed fingers with five teeth (both chelicerae), Sternal region with coxa I not meeting tritosternum; left and right coxae II–III meeting; coxae IV meeting anteriorly; midline suture of coxae II slightly longer than those of coxae III and IV. Pygidium with distal dorsal notch on basal segment; no ventral notch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F170176EC60BC6D04" box="[825,917,1770,1796]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1919,1943]" captionTargetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[189,1373,194,1895]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 12. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0 mm; 8 – 10 = 0.5 mm; 11 – 12 = 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedipalps orange, without tubercles. Leg formula II>IV>III>I. Spermathecae wider than long, with highly coiled ducts; genital lip narrow, folded posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF92194F151E7733629C6D4F" box="[294,437,1845,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,269,755,779]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,207,723]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[156,1430,194,734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 14. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, spermathecae. 13, posterior view; 14, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199402/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14FD775C62A76D74" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" box="[197,398,1882,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14FD775C62256D74" bold="true" box="[197,268,1882,1908]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194F14FD777960CB6D9A" box="[197,994,1919,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194F14FD777960CB6D9A" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" box="[197,994,1919,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14FD7779624C6D99" bold="true" box="[197,357,1919,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D7B8855FF92194F16497786618A6D9A" box="[625,675,1920,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF92194F17AA778660F76D9A" box="[914,990,1920,1946]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EADA657CFF92194A14FD77A360746C5C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF92194C14FD77A362676BB7" blockId="1.[151,1438,463,2020]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,439]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F14FD77A362686DBF" bold="true" box="[197,321,1957,1983]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The only species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F167977A361F56DBE" box="[577,732,1957,1982]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F167977A361F56DBE" box="[577,732,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Cryptocellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern Brazilian Amazonia for which females are unknown is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF92194F151277CD62E16DE4" box="[298,456,1995,2020]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icamiabas">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF92194F151277CD62E16DE4" box="[298,456,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">C. icamiabas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo, nearly about
|
||
<quantity id="65389B12FF92194F108C77CC66266DE4" box="[1204,1295,1994,2020]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.41" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="km" value="441.0">441 km</quantity>
|
||
west of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7D7B8855FF91194C14AF709E63E26AB2" box="[151,203,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF91194C1560709E62806AB1" box="[344,425,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C1560709E62806AB1" box="[344,425,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">C. iaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C158A7091613A6AB1" bold="true" box="[434,531,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF91194C158A7091613A6AB1" box="[434,531,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The female described here cannot be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF91194C104B709E663A6AB1" box="[1139,1299,152,177]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="icamiabas">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C104B709E663A6AB1" box="[1139,1299,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">C. icamiabas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of conspicuous morphological differences that could hardly be ascribed to sexual dimorphism:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF91194C10DC70BB661D6AD6" box="[1252,1332,189,214]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C10DC70BB661D6AD6" box="[1252,1332,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">C. iaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C110470BB66B56AD7" bold="true" box="[1340,1436,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF91194C110470BB66B56AD7" box="[1340,1436,189,215]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a smaller number of tubercles on the cucullus and on the median plate of tergite XI, and lacks the large posterior pair of ventral opisthosomal pits (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF91194C16F0710E67236B22" author="Tourinho" box="[712,1034,264,290]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Tourinho, A. L. & Azevedo, C. S. (2007) A new Amazonian Cryptocellus (Arachnida, Ricinulei). Zootaxa, 1540, 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="2007">Tourinho & Azevedo 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3). The new species presents blunt, distally enlarged setae on the carapace, cucullus, prosoma and legs. SEM photographs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3AFB2A72FF91194C10C7712B66586B47" box="[1279,1393,301,327]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1911,1935]" captionTargetBox="[178,1421,483,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[178,1422,483,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Cryptocellus iaci sp. nov., female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) of these swab-like setae suggest that this shape is produced by clay accumulation on the apex of each setae. Similar setae are reported to be present in at least one other species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF91194C17CB717E675E6B91" box="[1011,1143,376,401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsilae">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C17CB717E675E6B91" box="[1011,1143,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">C. tarsilae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF91194C1082717E62686BB7" author="Pinto-da-Rocha" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" refString="Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Bonaldo, A. B. (2007) A new species of Cryptocellus (Ricinulei) from Oriental Amazonia. Zootaxa, 1386, 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="2007">Pinto-da-Rocha & Bonaldo 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F6BF667FFF91194C14AF777161E56DEE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199400/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[178,1421,483,1898]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF91194C14AF777161E56DEE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1911,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C14AF7771626A6D8F" bold="true" box="[151,323,1911,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF91194C1573777E612A6D8F" box="[331,515,1912,1935]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C1573777E612A6D8F" box="[331,515,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Cryptocellus iaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF91194C1632777161496D8F" bold="true" box="[522,608,1911,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF91194C1632777161496D8F" box="[522,608,1911,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female holotype, leg I. 1, femur, showing apophysis and two types of white setae, prolateral view; 2, femur, white setae, long and straight, ventral view; 3, femur, white setae, short and curved, ventral view; 4, trochanter, tubercles, lateral view; 5, patella, detail of white setae and blunt, distally enlarged setae, ventral view; 6, patella, swab-like setae, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F6BF667FFF90194D14AF7779605F6DD7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199401/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[189,1373,194,1895]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF90194D14AF7779605F6DD7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1919,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF90194D14AF777962796D97" bold="true" box="[151,336,1919,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURES 7–12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF90194D156F778661276D97" box="[343,526,1920,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF90194D156F778661276D97" box="[343,526,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Cryptocellus iaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF90194D162D777961426D97" bold="true" box="[533,619,1919,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF90194D162D777961426D97" box="[533,619,1919,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female holotype. 7, habitus, dorsal view; 8, carapace, dorsal view; 9, femur II, prolateral view, showing apophysis; 10, anterior view, showing cucullus; 11, body, ventral view; 12, opisthosoma, dorsal view. Scale bars: 7 = 2.0mm; 8–10 = 0.5mm; 11–12 = 1.0mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F6BF667FFF97194A14AF72F56258692B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199402/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[160,1427,207,723]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF97194A14AF72F56258692B" blockId="4.[151,1437,755,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF97194A14AF72F56248690B" bold="true" box="[151,353,755,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">FIGURES 13–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65C04D74FF97194A155472F2610F690B" box="[364,550,756,779]" class="Arachnida" family="Ricinoididae" genus="Cryptocellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ricinulei" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iaci" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF97194A155472F2610F690B" box="[364,550,756,779]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Cryptocellus iaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF97194A160972F561A3690B" bold="true" box="[561,650,755,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8B87579EFF97194A160972F561A3690B" box="[561,650,755,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, female holotype, spermathecae. 13, posterior view; 14, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.25mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF97194A14FE735562DA69DE" blockId="4.[151,1437,851,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF97194A14FE735562E4696D" bold="true" box="[198,461,851,877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Notes on the biotope.</emphasis>
|
||
The inventory was carried out at Caicubi, Jauaperí River, state of Roraima,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF97194A1175735266B1696E" box="[1357,1432,852,878]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Jauaperí is a black-water river (water with low concentration of nutrients), which flows through the south and meets with the median Negro River. Along the Jauaperí and its affluent there are primary forests of “igapó” (black-water flooded forests).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF97194A14FD73EF67176EE6" blockId="4.[151,1437,851,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Negro River is one of the largest tributaries of the Amazon River and one of the largest rivers in the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A14A7740862F46E28" author="Franzinelli" box="[159,477,1038,1064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Franzinelli, E. & Igreja, H. (2002) Modern sedimentation in the Lower Negro River, amazonas State, Brazil. Geomorphology, 44, 259 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">Franzinelli & Igreja 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A15D27408604D6E28" author="Latrubesse" box="[490,868,1038,1064]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Latrubesse, E. M. & Franzinelli, E. (2005) The late Quaternary evolution of the Negro River, Amazon, Brazil: Implications for island and floodplain formation in large anabranching tropical systems. Geomorphology, 70, 372 - 397." type="journal article" year="2005">Latrubesse & Franzinelli 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Negro basin drains an area of more than
|
||
<quantity id="65389B12FF97194A14AF743162376E51" box="[151,286,1079,1105]" metricMagnitude="8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" unit="km" value="600000.0">600000 km</quantity>
|
||
2 and extends through parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF97194A16B37431602A6E51" box="[651,771,1079,1105]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF97194A1737743160A06E51" box="[783,905,1079,1105]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DAD77667FF97194A17FC743167246E51" box="[964,1037,1079,1105]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A1025743166A66E51" author="Latrubesse" box="[1053,1423,1079,1105]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Latrubesse, E. M. & Franzinelli, E. (2005) The late Quaternary evolution of the Negro River, Amazon, Brazil: Implications for island and floodplain formation in large anabranching tropical systems. Geomorphology, 70, 372 - 397." type="journal article" year="2005">Latrubesse & Franzinelli 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Negro River is constrained by several tectonic influences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A179F745A67C36E76" author="Franzinelli" box="[935,1258,1116,1142]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Franzinelli, E. & Igreja, H. (2002) Modern sedimentation in the Lower Negro River, amazonas State, Brazil. Geomorphology, 44, 259 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">Franzinelli & Igreja 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A10CF745A62446E9C" author="Latrubesse" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Latrubesse, E. M. & Franzinelli, E. (2002) The Holocene alluvial plain of the middle Amazon River, Brazil. Geomorphology, 44, 241 - 257." type="journal article" year="2002">Latrubesse & Franzinelli 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A1543748462976E9C" author="Franzinelli" box="[379,446,1154,1180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Latrubesse, E. M. & Franzinelli, E. (2005) The late Quaternary evolution of the Negro River, Amazon, Brazil: Implications for island and floodplain formation in large anabranching tropical systems. Geomorphology, 70, 372 - 397." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A15F47484619F6E9C" author="Albert" box="[460,694,1154,1180]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Albert, J. S., Lovejoy, N. R. & Crampton, W. G. R. (2006) Miocene tectonism and the separation of cis- and trans-Adean river basins: Evidence from Neotropical fishes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21, 14 - 27." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Albert
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF97194A161E748461416E9B" box="[550,616,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). One important tectonic event occurred in the Vaupés arc (northwestern Amazonian), located in the headwaters of the Negro River, which caused the separation between the Orinoco and Amazon Basins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A16B474CA60376EE6" author="Hoorn" box="[652,798,1228,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Hoorn, C. (1993) Marine incursions and the influence of Andean tectonics on the Miocene depositional history of northwestern Amazonia: results of a palynostratigraphic study. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 105, 267 - 309." type="journal article" year="1993">Hoorn 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A171274CA671B6EE6" author="Figueiredo" box="[810,1074,1228,1254]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Figueiredo, J., Hoorn, C., Van Der Ven, P. & Soares, E. (2009) Late Miocene onset of the Amazon River and the Amazon deep-sea fan: Evidence from the Foz do Amazonas Basin. Geology, 37, 619 - 622." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Figueiredo
|
||
<emphasis id="90B4EAE5FF97194A178874CA60C26EE5" box="[944,1003,1228,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF97194A14FD74F4661F6FC6" blockId="4.[151,1437,851,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The waters of the Negro River have high concentrations of dissolved humic acids (from organic material, such as roots, leaves and wood, that decays slowly in the water) and iron oxides, which give the water its characteristic acid pH. Such rivers are commonly called black-water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A1024753A66446F56" author="Franzinelli" box="[1052,1389,1340,1366]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Franzinelli, E. & Igreja, H. (2002) Modern sedimentation in the Lower Negro River, amazonas State, Brazil. Geomorphology, 44, 259 - 271." type="journal article" year="2002">Franzinelli & Igreja 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in distinction to rivers with basic pH, called white-water rivers (e.g. Amazonas river). From an ecological point of view, the concentrations of nutrients in the water of Amazonian rivers have both direct and indirect effects on the alpha and beta species diversity, also affecting the distribution of species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C6514B06FF97194A104F75AA66036FC6" author="Albernaz" box="[1143,1322,1452,1478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Albernaz L. K. M. (2007). Bases Cientificas para a Conservacao da varzea: Identificacao e Caracterizacao de regioes biogeograficas. IBAMA / ProVarzea, Brasilia, DF, 356 pp" type="book" year="2007">Albernaz 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A27F36F7FF97194A14FD75D460746C5C" blockId="4.[151,1437,851,1628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">This Jauaperi region is under high ethnological and environmental risk, so that NGO WWF-Brazil, the Program for Protected Amazonian Areas (ARPA), the Amazonas State Government, Chico Mendes Institute for Conservation of Biodiversity (ICMBio) and the National Indigenous Foundation (FUNAI) are working together to establish protected areas in this important region.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |