247 lines
30 KiB
XML
247 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FA93DDAAD95BB41C70372CD688C403FF">Diversity of the genus Tmarus Simon, 1875 from Xiaolong Mountains in western China (Araneae: Thomisidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F2DA34792C64B5B3D58CBB909B9F26C8">Zhang, Rui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C85CC55DE0CBA53F52640C8055B701B">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China & 15531220981 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6937 - 6434</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C3851763EFC609980D4D7184D326AAE">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77D5EB21B47C6F161197DBF479F66313">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China & dudu 06042001 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3347 - 1031</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E2BE5E8F62656A46DB3DD211A29AE21B">2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DCDB0098B9E2A98E" authority="Zhang & Zhang, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,442,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subqinlingensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DCDB0098B9E2A98E" bold="true" box="[151,442,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Tmarus subqinlingensis</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC3AFF92DCDB00B4B94CA9E9" box="[151,276,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 34–38" captionStart-1="FIGURES 39–42" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox-0="[263,1326,192,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1737]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@12.[257,1330,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 34–38. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 35–36 Male habitus (35 dorsal, 36 ventral); 34, 37–38 Female habitus (34 lateral, 37 dorsal, 38 ventral)." captionText-1="FIGURES 39–42. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 39–40 Left male palp (39 ventral, 40 retrolateral); 41 Epigynum, ventral view; 42 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027849" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027855" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8027849/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8027855/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Figs 34–42</figureCitation>
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♁:
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:
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:
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leg.
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leg.
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;
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1♁,
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Farm
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||
<elevation id="0066D1D9BC3AFF92DFC60160BB83A8B6" box="[906,987,367,394]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.735" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="1735.0">1735m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, 22
|
||
<collectorName id="26BE533CBC3AFF92D845017FBCEAA8B5" box="[1033,1202,367,394]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">May Zhaoyi Li</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3AFF92DC8B019CBDD0A891" box="[199,1416,403,430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B019CBDD0A891" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" box="[199,1416,403,430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DC8B019CB916A891" bold="true" box="[199,334,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is adjective, referring to the similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DFB8019BBDDCA891" authority="Song & Wang, 1994" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[1012,1412,403,430]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DFB8019BBCCEA891" box="[1012,1174,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92D8D2019CBDDCA891" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[1182,1412,403,430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3AFF92DC8B01B8B977ABF1" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B01B8B977ABF1" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DC8B01B8B91AA8ED" bold="true" box="[199,322,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Males of this new species strongly resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DFFB01B7BD08A8ED" authority="Song & Wang, 1994" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[951,1360,439,466]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DFFB01B7BC03A8ED" box="[951,1115,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92D82901B8BD08A8ED" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." box="[1125,1360,439,466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B1BBC3AFF92D92D01B8B93DA8C9" author="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P." pageId="10" pageNumber="85" pagination="46 - 50" refId="ref6480" refString="Song, D. X. & Wang, X. P. (1994) Three new species of the family Thomisidae from Shaanxi, China (Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 19, 46 - 50." type="journal article" year="1994">Song & Wang 1994: 48</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 3A–C) in having long embolus, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following combination of characters: (1) embolus distally curved in retrolateral view (vs. straight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92D8CC020FBD7AAB25" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[1152,1314,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92D8CC020FBD7AAB25" box="[1152,1314,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (2) acute angle between embolus and tegulum (vs. slight right angle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DF25022BBC57AB01" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[873,1039,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DF25022BBC57AB01" box="[873,1039,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (3) RTA blunt (vs. cuspate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92D9C4022BB946AB5D" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92D9C4022BB946AB5D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92DDF60247BADCAB5D" authority="Zhang & Zhang, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang" authorityYear="2023" box="[442,644,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subqinlingensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DDF60247BADCAB5D" box="[442,644,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. subqinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DEC70248BABDAB5D" bold="true" box="[651,741,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20C5783BC3AFF92DEC70248BABDAB5D" box="[651,741,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are also similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92D8530247BC9AAB5D" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" box="[1055,1218,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92D8530247BC9AAB5D" box="[1055,1218,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having reniform spermathecae, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: (1) copulatory openings close to each other (vs. separated by ca. 1/3 of vulva width); (2) with a V-shaped hood in atrium (vs. hood absence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D69BC3AFF92D9C4029FB946ABF1" authorityName="Song & Wang" authorityYear="1994" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Tmarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qinlingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92D9C4029FB946ABF1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">T. qinlingensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3AFF92DC8B02D8BC59AF6D" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B02D8BA32AD09" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DC8B02D8BA69ABCD" bold="true" box="[199,561,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Description. Male (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F08848BC3AFF92DDFD02D8BA78ABCD" box="[433,544,727,753]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC3AFF92DE0E02D8BA9FABCD" box="[578,711,727,754]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–38" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[263,1326,192,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[257,1330,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 34–38. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 35–36 Male habitus (35 dorsal, 36 ventral); 34, 37–38 Female habitus (34 lateral, 37 dorsal, 38 ventral)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027849/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Figs 35, 36</figureCitation>
|
||
) total length 3.90. Prosoma 1.78 long, 1.67 wide; opisthosoma 2.12 long, 1.35 wide. Median longitudinal band of carapace yellowish, 1/3 of carapace width, darker on two sides, ca 2/3 of carapace width, length almost equal to width, and covered with small setae. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.12, PME 0.07, PLE 0.09, AME–AME 0.20, AME–ALE 0.18, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.38, AME–PME 0.25, ALE–PLE 0.25. MOA 0.26 long, front width 0.30, back width 0.40. Forehead taller than anterior middle eye spacing. The sternum yellow, with many small black spots. Sternum slightly longer than wide. Leg measurements: I 7.62 (2.34, 0.89, 1.84, 1.57, 0.98); II 8.24 (2.47, 0.84, 2.19, 1.77, 0.97); III 4.41 (1.38, 0.61, 1.11, 0.70, 0.61); IV 4.61 (1.54, 0.52, 1.05, 0.83, 0.67). Leg formula: 2143. Abdomen with many small black spots, dorsally greyish white in the center, greyish black on the sides, scattered with long spine-like hairs arranged in pairs. Ventral black centrally, pale on two sides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B0430BBFFADD6" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC3AFF92DD460430B9C8AD65" box="[266,400,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–42" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 39–42. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 39–40 Left male palp (39 ventral, 40 retrolateral); 41 Epigynum, ventral view; 42 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027855/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Figs 39, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
). RTA thick and short, ca. 1/3 of tibia length, nearly triangular in retrolateral view, distally blunt. VTA long and digitiform, as long as tibia length, distally slightly curved in ventral view. Tegulum oval, longer than wide. Spermophor around the whole tegulum, bending ~1 o’clock position. Embolus thick, bending retrolaterally. Embolar base inserted about 1 o’clock position of tegulum; embolar tip, terminated at approximately 4 o’clock position relative to tegulum, apex slightly curved and sharp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B04FCBA2CACFD" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DC8B04FCB970AC31" bold="true" box="[199,296,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Female:</emphasis>
|
||
total length 4.73. Prosoma 1.76 long, 1.68 wide; opisthosoma: 2.97 long, 1.96 wide. Both eye rows recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.09, PME 0.05, PLE 0.07, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.21, PME–PME 0.26, PME–PLE 0.35, AME–PME 0.22, ALE–PLE 0.25. MOA 0.24 long, front width 0.31, back width 0.36. Leg measurements: I 5.63 (1.58, 0.76, 1.66, 1.06, 0.57); II 5.88 (1.57, 0.83, 1.64, 1.16, 0.68); III 3.72 (1.18, 0.50, 0.86, 0.65, 0.53); IV 3.78 (1.35, 0.54, 0.93, 0.43, 0.53). Leg formula: 2143. Body colour slightly lighter than male, other characteristics as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B05C4BC59AF6D" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Epigyne (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13702A6FBC3AFF92DD7805C4B9ECACD9" box="[308,436,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–42" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1771,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1737]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1436,181,1746]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 39–42. Tmarus subqinlingensis sp. nov. 39–40 Left male palp (39 ventral, 40 retrolateral); 41 Epigynum, ventral view; 42 Vulva, dorsal view. A = atrium; CD = copulatory duct; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; H = hood; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8027855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8027855/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Figs 41, 42</figureCitation>
|
||
) plate wider than long. Atrium longitudinal. Anterior margin of epigyne with transparent sclerotized, V-shape hood. Copulatory openings hidden bilaterally in the posterior of hood. Copulatory ducts short and thick. Spermatheca reniform, longer than wide, the two spermathecae separated by about 1/2 diameters. Fertilisation ducts acicular, membranous, located terminally on spermathecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3516561BC3AFF92DC8B0654BA4BAF49" box="[199,531,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF436EABC3AFF92DC8B0654BA4BAF49" blockId="10.[151,1437,259,1653]" box="[199,531,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93FEAF8BC3AFF92DC8B0654B939AF49" bold="true" box="[199,353,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C767ABC3AFF92DD2B0654B9F2AF49" box="[359,426,1627,1653]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498FF808BC3AFF92DDF50654BA5FAF49" box="[441,519,1627,1653]" country="China" name="Gansu" pageId="10" pageNumber="85">Gansu</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |