107 lines
12 KiB
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107 lines
12 KiB
XML
<document id="81450FF0A4C962A07D1F961DD49EE247" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065x(2006)60[120:fraeos]2.0.co;2" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4911847" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623155340384" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Krell, Frank- Thorsten" docDate="2006" docId="03E287E2FFF6FFDD56C3037960C9FBCF" docLanguage="en" docName="TheColeopBull.60.mo5.120-143.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin (mo 5) 60" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A431C8F32F3D86E670C18C13DA9B5F2B.4:TheColeopBull.2000-2009.monograph" docStyleId="A431C8F32F3D86E670C18C13DA9B5F2B" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2000-2009.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Scarabaeoidea sensu Crowson 1981" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="FFDBFF9AFFFCFFD757570230601EFFC2" masterDocTitle="Fossil Record And Evolution Of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)" masterLastPageNumber="143" masterPageNumber="120" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1698957700275" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="56105FEFD347EB92AF4B6DB459CEA91A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9289A9F946CACF931A3566C2FF6B64DD">
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<mods:title id="F435FE9849A1E0251DF6765CAEE551CA">Fossil Record And Evolution Of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera: Polyphaga)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C849C5040CE7D7FB9DA9E29D9A8E85F6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C645D8B2CCD15B500A7E38097F266DC3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6291E345D15D6AC5C760402468183444">Krell, Frank- Thorsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60813CAA75DDC8CDCC9649DC7745DCD9">Department of Entomology The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D7D9C56E734EABBCF797DC56AA9CBBD" type="email">f.krell@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D9503098140314CFE75504CBC00B4EDF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="FF981241D03102F853B7213F8A557A51">
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<mods:title id="450E7FC488EA68A239B9C879DA4848B6">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A24A92C8EAF37E1552E0327D4702763C">
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<mods:date id="5B27147C986ADEF5141101F9BD17125D">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0E07FC12EE6CF6CBBA162442CBCC0F02" type="series">
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<mods:title id="240D41686C3E1E879D888688FDCEA28E">mo 5</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8A06D74994A602017D3887B89DB11321" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="EE8D900D8209C311FA5413F8CE85E7DA">2006-12-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="091F85901F33B017FCA150D4EDF4A101" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5D48FBD897D68BF4587CC38DAA9D844F">60</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="457051E18C1E3771D84729CE440219AD">120</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="FE3C45517F99DD2DBCAB513A7B7D451B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="14519B72031F0BDDBC47172A36CA65ED" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065x(2006)60[120:fraeos]2.0.co;2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B60FA96955E620E8C8A810E751183361" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8A01ABC80F12993F765B03FACDE658B3" type="Zenodo-Dep">4911847</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E287E2FFF6FFDD56C3037960C9FBCF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4911871" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4911871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E287E2FFF6FFDD56C3037960C9FBCF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287E2FFF6FFDD56C3037960C9FBCF" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="C351657FFFF6FFDD56C3037962D3FE9D" box="[404,717,329,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF436F4FFF6FFDD56C3037962D3FE9D" blockId="10.[404,717,329,351]" box="[404,717,329,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="D0BC8198FFF6FFDD56C3037962D3FE9D" box="[404,717,329,351]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD56C3037962D3FE9D" bold="true" box="[404,717,329,351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
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Paleoecology of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD556B037962D3FE9D" authorityName="sensu Crowson" authorityYear="1981" box="[572,717,329,351]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scarabaeoidea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C351657FFFF6FFDD57FD034260C9FBCF" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF436F4FFF6FFDD57FD034262C5FD56" blockId="10.[146,975,370,1037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
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Assigning feeding or other ecological traits to fossil beetles is notoriously difficult. Narrative scenarios have some appeal and may be intrinsically consistent (
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD57CD039860A0FE7F" box="[154,190,424,445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">e.g.</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B05FFF6FFDD5783039761B7FE7F" author="Ponomarenko, A. G." box="[212,425,423,445]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="319 - 328" refId="ref13210" refString="Ponomarenko, A. G. 2003. Ecological evolution of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (Suppl.): 319 - 328." type="journal article" year="2003">Ponomarenko 2003</bibRefCitation>
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), but rely on extensive interpretations of sparse evidence. We have only two sources of evidence: fossilized traces of feeding activities and optimizing feeding habits of extant taxa onto cladograms (
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD54F203ED63D7FE30" box="[933,969,477,498]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">e.g.</emphasis>
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, Scholtz and Chown 1995). Fossilized evidence of feeding activity of insects refers mainly to phytophagy and coprophagy. Traces of leaf feeding are frequently documented in the fossil
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD56F3001E62ABFD86" authority="(Scott et al. 1992)" baseAuthorityName="Scott" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[420,693,558,580]" class="Insecta" family="Rutelidae" genus="Anomalites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="record">
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record (Scott
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD556E001E626EFD81" box="[569,624,558,579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
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1992)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but identifying the tracemakers is virtually impossible. The fossil evidence for coprophagy is large, and assigning it to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD5604005461F9FDB8" authorityName="sensu Crowson" authorityYear="1981" box="[339,487,612,634]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scarabaeoidea</taxonomicName>
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is straightforward if we consider scarabs to be the only dung feeders producing dung balls and tunnels.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF436F4FFF6FFDD57FD00AA60C9FBCF" blockId="10.[146,975,370,1037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">
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Beutel and Leschen (2005) identified saprophagy as an apomorphy for all
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD57C5008560E0FD09" box="[146,254,693,715]" class="Insecta" family="Corydiidae" genus="Polyphaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polyphaga</taxonomicName>
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taxa included in their analysis. It was hypothesized to be the ancestral feeding habit of the hydrophiloid lineage (Hydrophiloidea, Histeroidea, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD57C500DB6139FCC3" authorityName="sensu Crowson" authorityYear="1981" box="[146,295,747,769]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Scarabaeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scarabaeoidea</taxonomicName>
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) by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B05FFF6FFDD560900DB621DFCC3" author="Hansen, M." box="[350,515,747,769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="43 - 86" refId="ref10398" refString="Hansen, M. 1997 b. Evolutionary trends in '' staphyliniform' ' beetles (Coleoptera). Steenstrupia 23: 43 - 86." type="journal article" year="1997">
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Hansen (1997
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD56B800DB61E5FCC2" box="[495,507,747,768]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">b</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and of ‘laparostict’ scarabs by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B05FFF6FFDD543700DB60CBFCD9" author="Cambefort, Y." pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="22 - 35" refId="ref9205" refString="Cambefort, Y. 1991. From saprophagy to coprophagy [pp. 22 - 35]. In: Dung Beetle Ecology. I. Hanski and Y. Cambefort (eds.). Princeton: Princeton University Press." type="book chapter" year="1991">Cambefort (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. However, by mapping extant feeding habits onto the then latest phylogenetic tree, Scholtz and Chown (1995) identified mycetophagy as plesiomorphic conditions for the adults and humus feeding for the larvae of scarabaeoids. The topology of the scarabaeoid tree has changed since, and some extant feeding habits were not considered in the analysis,
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD545401416338FC44" box="[771,806,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">e.g.</emphasis>
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, coprophagy in adult
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD579901BC6134FC60" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[206,298,908,930]" class="Insecta" family="Trogidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trogidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B05FFF6FFDD566E01BC61FEFC60" author="Krell, F. - T." box="[313,480,908,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" pagination="145 - 152" refId="ref10932" refString="Krell, F. - T., J. Korb, and P. Walter. 2003. The beetle fauna of hyaena latrines: Coprocenoses consisting of necrophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Trogidae, Scarabaeidae). Tropical Zoology 16: 145 - 152." type="journal article" year="2003">
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Krell
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<emphasis id="B93FEAE6FFF6FFDD562101BC61B4FC63" box="[374,426,908,929]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein), predatory
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD541C01BC63D1FC60" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[843,975,908,930]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Hybosoridae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD579001976126FC7F" baseAuthorityName="Wappler" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[199,312,935,957]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cetoniinae</taxonomicName>
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, sap-feeding
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD569B0197625EFC7F" authorityName="MacLeay" authorityYear="1819" box="[460,576,935,957]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD55D5019762EEFC7F" box="[642,752,935,957]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lucanidae</taxonomicName>
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, and necrophagy in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4B4D77FFF6FFDD57C501F2611AFC1A" baseAuthorityName="Wappler" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[146,260,962,984]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cetoniinae</taxonomicName>
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. A new analysis is beyond this review but necessary to test the hypothesis of a fungus-feeding scarabaeoid stem species with humus-feeding larvae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |