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<mods:title id="F0B7702FF373D0ED367E8188F97A704A">Bumblebees of the hypnorum-complex world-wide including two new near-cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Apidae)</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="13702A05FFE9FFC9FD5AE61EFCE2FC9A" box="[743,844,817,843]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Figs 338" captionStartId-0="7.[189,232,1646,1672]" captionStartId-1="8.[189,232,1822,1848]" captionStartId-2="11.[191,244,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox-0="[319,1268,269,1570]" captionTargetBox-1="[355,1216,1044,1774]" captionTargetBox-2="[189,1398,298,1810]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@7.[319,1268,263,1608]" captionTargetId-1="figure-103@8.[333,1226,1043,1783]" captionTargetId-2="figure-81@11.[599,710,1593,1803]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="Fig. 1. MRBAYES estimate of phylogeny as a metric tree (outgroup B. alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) not shown) from COI barcodes from GenBank and BOLD databases for the vagans-group and hypnorum- group, with additions from the authors for the hypnorum-group of bumblebees, filtered to remove duplicate and short sequences. Each sequence is labelled with: sequence length; a taxon name from the database; a code consisting of a sequence identifier from the project database and a specimen identifier from the online database; its country and (for larger countries) state or province). The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Results of Bayesian Poisson-tree-process (PTP) models applied for assessing support for species gene coalescents by maximum likelihood are shown as PTP scores above the branches: scores approaching 1 and where branches change from blue to red indicates are where the most likely species gene coalescents are detected. Asterisks mark sequences used as informal proxies for the type specimens of each of the taxon names in Table 2." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Distribution of barcoded samples of the hypnorum-complex and B. perplexus Cresson, 1863, with the interpretations as separate candidate species from Fig. 1 shown as different coloured spots as per the colour key on the left. Relief map with hill shading, polar projection (north pole shown as a star), the international boundaries and the Arctic Circle are shown as narrow grey lines, and the northern tree line shown as a broad grey line. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap (© 2014 Esri)." captionText-2="Figs 338. Simplified diagrams for the colour patterns of the hair on the dorsum for ♀♀ (left) and ♂♂ (right) of the Bombus species from Fig. 2. The dorsum is divided into regions, each of which shows only the predominant or most apparent colour for that region using a simplified colour palette (precise shades vary), with olive indicating a mixture of black and yellow hair, and grey indicating a mixture of black and white hair." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359163" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359165" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7359167" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7359163/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7359165/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7359167/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Figs 14</figureCitation>
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,
<collectingCountry id="F35C7610FFE9FFC9FEC0E137FE7DFBE3" box="[381,467,1048,1074]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(TFRI). Examined.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351650BFFE9FFC9FF00E175FC64FA2C" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E175FE99FBA5" blockId="10.[189,311,1114,1140]" box="[189,311,1114,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0BC81ECFFE9FFC9FF00E175FE99FBA5" bold="true" box="[189,311,1114,1140]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF00E175FE99FBA5" bold="true" box="[189,311,1114,1140]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF57E1A6FEEBFB72" blockId="10.[187,1399,1161,1363]" box="[234,325,1161,1187]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF57E1A6FEEBFB72" bold="true" box="[234,325,1161,1187]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E183FB14FA82" blockId="10.[187,1399,1161,1363]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Distinguished by: clypeus in the central area smooth and shining with only a few large punctures, mostly spaced by much more than their own widths; ocello-ocular area with the inner eye margin mostly shining with few small punctures and the few larger, medium punctures forming a single row parallel to the eye margin; front, middle and hind leg basitarsi all with the exoskeleton lighter brown than for the tibiae; hair predominantly black but with metasomal T46 a dull sandy-brown or pale orange.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF57E055FC64FA2C" blockId="10.[189,1399,1402,1533]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF57E055FE84FA45" bold="true" box="[234,298,1402,1428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Male</emphasis>
Distinguished by: front, middle and hind leg basitarsi all with the integument lighter brown than the tibiae; genitalia with the gonostylus inner anterior (basal) projection separated from the gonocoxa by less than the breadth of the recurved hook of the penis-valve head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351650BFFE9FFC9FF00E30AFB0AF883" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E30AFE03F9EE" blockId="10.[189,429,1573,1599]" box="[189,429,1573,1599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0BC81ECFFE9FFC9FF00E30AFE03F9EE" bold="true" box="[189,429,1573,1599]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF00E30AFE03F9EE" bold="true" box="[189,429,1573,1599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF57E37CFD2AF9BC" blockId="10.[189,1399,1619,1774]" box="[234,644,1619,1646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF57E37CFD2AF9BC" bold="true" box="[234,644,1619,1646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Material sequenced or examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E358FE19F93F" blockId="10.[189,1399,1619,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<materialsCitation id="3B233CDDFFE9FFC9FF00E358FBDFF961" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3970467309" collectingDate="1983-06-23" collectingDateMax="1983-06-25" collectingDateMin="1983-06-23" collectionCode="PW" collectorName="K. S. Lin &amp; C. Lin" country="China" elevation="2300" latitude="24.106" location="Nantou Hsien" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="121.1988" municipality="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="BOLD-1550A06-TWN" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-worker="1">
<collectingCountry id="F35C7610FFE9FFC9FF00E358FEB6F940" box="[189,280,1655,1681]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">CHINA</collectingCountry>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B90ACFAFFE9FFC9FE86E358FE3FF940" box="[315,401,1655,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Taiwan</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD09FFE9FFC9FE0FE358FE71F940" box="[434,479,1655,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD09FFE9FFC9FE4CE358FDE5F940" box="[497,587,1655,1681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
);
<location id="8E94605BFFE9FFC9FDDFE358FCA4F940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E28796FFE9FFC9FE3DE622FEE2F834:8E94605BFFE9FFC9FDDFE358FCA4F940" box="[610,778,1655,1681]" country="China" latitude="24.106" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="121.1988" municipality="Taiwan" name="Nantou Hsien" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Nantou Hsien</location>
,
<location id="8E94605BFFE9FFC9FCA5E358FCD0F940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E28796FFE9FFC9FE3DE622FEE2F834:8E94605BFFE9FFC9FCA5E358FCD0F940" box="[792,894,1655,1681]" country="China" latitude="24.106" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="121.1988" municipality="Taiwan" name="Tsuifeng" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Tsuifeng</location>
[
<location id="8E94605BFFE9FFC9FC2DE358FC56F940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E28796FFE9FFC9FE3DE622FEE2F834:8E94605BFFE9FFC9FC2DE358FC56F940" box="[912,1016,1655,1681]" country="China" latitude="24.106" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="121.1988" municipality="Taiwan" name="Cuifeng" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Cuifeng</location>
];
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5047FFE9FFC9FBB0E358FB35F940" box="[1037,1179,1655,1681]" degrees="24.1060" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="24.106">24.1060° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5047FFE9FFC9FB14E358FAECF940" box="[1193,1346,1655,1681]" degrees="121.1988" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="121.1988">121.1988° E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="4CB39B65FFE9FFC9FF00E3B9FEB7F961" box="[189,281,1686,1712]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2300.0">
<elevation id="0066D1B3FFE9FFC9FF00E3B9FEB7F961" box="[189,281,1686,1712]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2300.0">2300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFF51040FFE9FFC9FE9BE3BAFE42F961" box="[294,492,1685,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" value="1983-06-23" valueMax="1983-06-25" valueMin="1983-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EFB1E9A8FFE9FFC9FE9BE3BAFE42F961" box="[294,492,1685,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" value="1983-06-23" valueMax="1983-06-25" valueMin="1983-06-23">2325 Jun. 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26BE5356FFE9FFC9FE45E3B9FDF3F961" box="[504,605,1686,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">K.S. Lin</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26BE5356FFE9FFC9FD2BE3B9FD4FF961" box="[662,737,1686,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">C. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBED9EFBFFE9FFC9FC9EE3BAFB94F961" box="[803,1082,1685,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">BOLD-1550A06-TWN</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE45FFE9FFC9FBFBE3B9FBDFF961" box="[1094,1137,1686,1712]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">PW</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B233CDDFFE9FFC9FB36E3B9FE1DF93F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3970467334" collectingDate="1980-06-09" collectingDateMax="1980-06-16" collectingDateMin="1980-06-09" collectionCode="PW" collectorName="K. S. Lin &amp; B. H. Chen" country="China" elevation="2560" latitude="23.9767" location="Tayuling" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="121.5206" municipality="Hualien Hsien" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="BOLD- 1550A07-TWN" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D4DFD09FFE9FFC9FB36E3B9FB14F961" box="[1163,1210,1686,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6B90ACFAFFE9FFC9FB7BE3B9FADCF961" box="[1222,1394,1686,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Hualien Hsien</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E94605BFFE9FFC9FF00E39AFE87F91E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E28796FFE9FFC9FE3DE622FEE2F834:8E94605BFFE9FFC9FF00E39AFE87F91E" box="[189,297,1717,1743]" country="China" latitude="23.9767" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="121.5206" municipality="Hualien Hsien" name="Tayuling" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Tayuling</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5047FFE9FFC9FE89E39BFE10F91E" box="[308,446,1716,1743]" degrees="23.9767" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="23.9767">23.9767° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE7F5047FFE9FFC9FE77E39BFDCEF91E" box="[458,608,1716,1743]" degrees="121.5206" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="121.5206">121.5206° E</geoCoordinate>
; alt.
<quantity id="4CB39B65FFE9FFC9FD25E39BFD5DF91E" box="[664,755,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2560.0">
<elevation id="0066D1B3FFE9FFC9FD25E39BFD5DF91E" box="[664,755,1716,1743]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2560.0">2560 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFF51040FFE9FFC9FD42E39BFC18F91E" box="[767,950,1716,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" value="1980-06-09" valueMax="1980-06-16" valueMin="1980-06-09">
<collectingDate id="EFB1E9A8FFE9FFC9FD42E39BFC18F91E" box="[767,950,1716,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" value="1980-06-09" valueMax="1980-06-16" valueMin="1980-06-09">916 Jun. 1980</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26BE5356FFE9FFC9FC7FE39AFB89F91E" box="[962,1063,1717,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">K.S. Lin</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26BE5356FFE9FFC9FBE2E39AFB75F91E" box="[1119,1243,1717,1743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">B.H. Chen</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DBED9EFBFFE9FFC9FAA0E39AFED4F93F" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">BOLD- 1550A07-TWN</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="ED5AAE45FFE9FFC9FE3BE3FBFE1DF93F" box="[390,435,1748,1774]" country="Thailand" name="Paleontological Collections" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">PW</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF57E23AFD80F8FE" blockId="10.[189,1188,1813,1875]" box="[234,558,1813,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF57E23AFD80F8FE" bold="true" box="[234,558,1813,1839]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Other material sequenced</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E217FB0AF883" blockId="10.[189,1188,1813,1875]" box="[189,1188,1848,1875]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
GenBank:
<accessionNumber id="9418AB63FFE9FFC9FE86E217FE6CF883" box="[315,450,1848,1874]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ831884" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">MZ831884</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="9418AB63FFE9FFC9FE73E217FDFBF882" box="[462,597,1848,1875]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ831885" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">MZ831885</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="9418AB63FFE9FFC9FDDCE217FD46F883" box="[609,744,1848,1874]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ831886" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">MZ831886</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="9418AB63FFE9FFC9FD4EE217FCD5F883" box="[755,891,1848,1874]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ831887" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">MZ831887</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="9418AB63FFE9FFC9FC3BE217FBA3F883" box="[902,1037,1848,1874]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ831891" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">MZ831891</accessionNumber>
,
<accessionNumber id="9418AB63FFE9FFC9FBA4E217FB0FF883" box="[1049,1185,1848,1874]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ831892" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">MZ831892</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C351650BFFE9FFC9FF00E256FEE2F834" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E256FEF6F842" blockId="10.[189,344,1913,1939]" box="[189,344,1913,1939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0BC81ECFFE9FFC9FF00E256FEF6F842" bold="true" box="[189,344,1913,1939]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF00E256FEF6F842" bold="true" box="[189,344,1913,1939]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF43680FFE9FFC9FF00E287FEE2F834" blockId="10.[189,1398,1960,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">
Endemic to the mountains of
<collectingCountry id="F35C7610FFE9FFC9FDB2E287FDC6F813" box="[527,616,1960,1986]" name="Taiwan" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, where it is extremely rare, at elevations of
<quantity id="4CB39B65FFE9FFC9FBE1E287FB53F812" box="[1116,1277,1960,1987]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="2700.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="2300.0">23003100 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDA4B71FFE9FFC9FAB7E287FEEEF834" author="Williams P. H. &amp; Sung I. - H. &amp; Lin Y. - J. &amp; Lu S. - S." pageId="10" pageNumber="56" pagination="435 - 447" refId="ref16207" refString="Williams P. H., Sung I. - H., Lin Y. - J. &amp; Lu S. - S. 2022. Discovering endemic species among the bumblebees of Taiwan (Apidae, genus Bombus). Journal of Natural History 56: 435 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2022.2052991" type="journal article" year="2022">
Williams
<emphasis id="B93FEA92FFE9FFC9FF00E2E3FF56F834" box="[189,248,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>