456 lines
54 KiB
XML
456 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1D28C280D4DBCA9ED5A4DB53D3902FCD">Revision of the status of some genus-level water mite taxa in the families Pionidae Thor, 1900, Aturidae Thor, 1900, and Nudomideopsidae Smith, 1990 (Acari: Hydrachnidiae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4CC1AB1CDFF3DB00C2F6845A065E90B">Smith, Ian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2AC1ECABDF1AA3C208FA5536218CD7EF">Cook, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19DA0174D8A3EE47606399A5417DF634">Gerecke, Reinhard</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DA87C4FF8A1763FF4C6EE5A903FD40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6109818" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6109818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87C4FF8A1763FF4C6EE5A903FD40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87C4FF8A1763FF4C6EE5A903FD40" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection id="C3696559FF8A1765FF4C6EE5AE38F9BF" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6EE5ABEDFB13" blockId="2.[151,497,1156,1182]" box="[151,497,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FF4C6EE5ABEDFB13" bold="true" box="[151,497,1156,1182]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF2D6EE5ABEDFB13" ID-CoL="625NH" ID-ENA="322638" authority="Thor, 1900" authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1900" box="[246,497,1156,1182]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae Thor, 1900</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6EABA836FB6D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,554,1226,1248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6EABAAECFB6D" box="[151,240,1226,1248]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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(in part):
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FE8E6EABABC6FB6D" author="Cook" box="[341,474,1226,1248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Cook, D. R. (1974 a) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Cook, 1974a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 270.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6E88A8A0FB72" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,700,1257,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6E88AAECFB72" box="[151,240,1257,1279]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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(in part):
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FE8E6E88ABCFFB72" author="Smith" box="[341,467,1257,1279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 15–16, 88, 90–93.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6F69A82FFA93" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,563,1288,1310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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Pioninae:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FF266F69ABBFFA93" author="Wainstein" box="[253,419,1288,1310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Wainstein, B. A. (1980) Opredelitel licinok vodjanych klescej. Institut Biologii Vnutrennikh Vod., Nauka, 1 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1980">Wainstein, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 172–173.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6F47A845FAB1" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,601,1318,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6F47AAECFAB1" box="[151,240,1318,1340]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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(in part):
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FE8E6F46A815FAB1" author="Viets" box="[341,521,1318,1340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Viets, K. O. (1987) Die Milben des Sußwassers (Hydrachnellae und Halacaridae [part.], Acari). 2. Katalog. Sonderbande des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, 8, 1 - 1012." type="journal article" year="1987">K. O. Viets, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 605.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6F24A94FFAF7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6F24AAECFAD6" box="[151,240,1349,1371]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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(in part):
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FEBC6F24A851FAD6" author="Smith" box="[359,589,1349,1371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M. & Cook, D. R. (1991) Water mites. Chapter 16. In: Thorp, J. & Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 523 - 592. [total page number 911 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1991">Smith & Cook, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 553, 554, 576–579, figs. 16.146, 16.147, 16.152–16.174, 16.176, 16.177, 16.179–16.181, 16.260, 16.268, 16.274, 16.275, 16.278–16.283.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6FE3A80BFA15" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,535,1410,1432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6FE3AAE8FA15" box="[151,244,1410,1432]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FF266FE2AB9BFA15" author="Harvey" box="[253,391,1410,1432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Harvey, M. S. (1996) A review of the water mite family Pionidae in Australia (Acarina: Hygrobatoidea). Records of the Western Australia Museum, 17, 361 - 393." type="journal article" year="1996">Harvey, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 361–363.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6FC0ABD7FA3A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,459,1441,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6FC0AAE8FA3A" box="[151,244,1441,1463]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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: Harvey, 1998, p. 89.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6FA1A8A5FA5B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,697,1472,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6FA1AAECFA5B" box="[151,240,1472,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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||
(in part):
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FE8E6FA1A837FA5B" author="Smith" box="[341,555,1472,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M. & Cook, D. R. (1999) An assessment of global distribution patterns in water mites (Acari: Hydrachnida). In: Needham, G. R., Mitchell, R. D., Horn, D. J. & Welbourn, W. C. (Eds.), Acarology IX. Vol. 2. Symposia. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, pp. 109 - 124." type="book" year="1999">Smith & Cook, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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, pp. 117–118.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6FBFA96FFA79" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,883,1502,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6FBFAAE8FA79" box="[151,244,1502,1524]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FF266FBFABA8FA79" author="Smith" box="[253,436,1502,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. & Smith, B. P. (2001) Water mites and other arachnids. Chapter 16. In: Thorpe, J. & Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp. 551 - 659. [1056 pp.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 012690647 - 9 / 50017 - X" type="book chapter" year="2001">
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||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FEE46F81AB70FA79" box="[319,364,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
, pp. 581, 612, 615, figs. 119–149, 327–344.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6F9CAEDCF99E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,1216,1533,1555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6F9CAAE8F99E" box="[151,244,1533,1555]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FF266F9CABA6F99E" author="Walter" box="[253,442,1533,1555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Walter, D. E., Lindquist, E. E., Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. & Krantz, G. W. (2009) Order Trombidiformes. Chapter 13. In: Krantz, G. W. & Walter, D. E. (Eds.), A Manual of Acarology. 3 rd Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, pp. 233 - 420." type="book chapter" year="2009">
|
||
Walter
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FE9D6F9FAB6EF99E" box="[326,370,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 268–269, 284–285, 290, figs. 13.37A–13.37I, 13.54H, 13.55A–13.55L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6C7DAE38F9BF" blockId="2.[151,1436,1226,1586]" box="[151,1060,1564,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8A1765FF4C6C7DAAE8F9BF" box="[151,244,1564,1586]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FF266C7DABA8F9BF" author="Smith" box="[253,436,1564,1586]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. & Smith, B. P. (2010) Water mites and other arachnids. Chapter 15. In: Thorpe, J. & Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 3 rd Edition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp. 485 - 586. [total page number: 1021 pp.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 0 - 12 - 374855 - 3.00015 - 7" type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FEE46C7CAB70F9BF" box="[319,364,1564,1586]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pp. 523, 524, 553, 556, figs. 15.119–15.149, 15.328–15.345.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696559FF8A1764FF4C6C3FAF68F985" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="114" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8A1765FF4C6C3FAF81F852" blockId="2.[151,1437,1630,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FF4C6C3FAB7DF9FB" bold="true" box="[151,353,1630,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Diagnosis.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FEC66C3EAB7DF9FB" bold="true" box="[285,353,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FDF06C3FA8ABF9FA" author="Smith" box="[555,695,1630,1655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): Character states of pioniform hygrobatoid mites
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FAD56C3EAF50F9FB" box="[1294,1356,1631,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8A1765FA826C3FAAF8F916" author="Smith" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Idiosoma elongate oval in shape, moderately flattened dorsoventrally, and bearing twenty pairs of setae. Dorsum nearly covered by entire dorsal plate bearing four pairs of setae anteriorly, namely
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FB486CC6AEBBF933" box="[1171,1191,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">vi</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FB6E6CC6AED2F933" box="[1205,1230,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">ve</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FB076CC6AEF3F933" box="[1244,1263,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">si</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FAF76CC6AF5FF933" box="[1324,1347,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">se</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal plate surrounded by soft integument bearing two pairs of eyes anterolaterally and eight pairs of setae laterally including setae
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FE9C6C8EAB7DF88A" box="[327,353,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">c1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FEB46C8EAB96F88A" box="[367,394,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">c2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FE436C8EABAEF88A" box="[408,434,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">c3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FE1B6C8FABC1F88A" box="[448,477,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">d1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FE316C8FA81AF88A" box="[490,518,1774,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">d2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FDCF6C8EA833F88A" box="[532,559,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">e1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FDE66C8EA84BF88A" box="[573,599,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">e2</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FD4E6C8EA8AFF88A" box="[661,691,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">f1.</emphasis>
|
||
Venter nearly covered by three pairs of expanded coxal plates. On each side, first coxal plate separate and second and third coxal plates fused with one another with suture line distinct laterally and obliterated medially where it merges with lateral coxal apodeme that is either nearly parallel to anterior edge of second coxal plate or nearly transverse. First coxal plate bearing setae
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FB556D3AAEB7F8FE" box="[1166,1195,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">1a</emphasis>
|
||
posteriorly and
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FABF6D3BAF9CF8FE" box="[1380,1408,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">1b</emphasis>
|
||
at anterolateral angle; second coxal plate bearing setae
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FD2A6D1FA911F81A" box="[753,781,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">2b</emphasis>
|
||
at posterolateral angle; third coxal plate bearing setae
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8A1765FA5B6D1EAF87F81A" box="[1408,1435,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">3a</emphasis>
|
||
anteriorly. Third coxal plate with medial coxal apodeme present or absent and with transverse muscle attachment scar present or absent. Posterior edge of third coxal plate convex or nearly straight, and lacking projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF4C6AF9A9A4FECD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
Excretory pore plate much larger than excretory pore and nearly circular, triangular, quadrangular, broadly heartshaped, or dumb-bell shaped, bearing setae
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FD426ADDA8DCFF59" box="[665,704,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">ps1</emphasis>
|
||
medially and
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FCB76ADDA98FFF59" box="[876,915,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">ps2</emphasis>
|
||
laterally; excretory pore sessile or borne on posterior projection of plate. Numbers of setae and solenidia on leg segments as follows: ITi 9 (+ ϕ1 and ϕ2); ITa 12 or 13 (+ ω); IITi 9, 11, or 12 (+ ϕ1 and ϕ2); IITa 12 or 13 (+ ω); IIITr 1 or 2; IIITi 9, 11, or 12 (+ ϕ); IIITa 11. Trochanter of first leg with seta ITr1 long and anteroventral in position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF1C6B2AA954FB2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF1C6B2AAB0EFEE9" bold="true" box="[199,274,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Adults</emphasis>
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8B1764FE0C6B2DA842FEE8" author="Smith" box="[471,606,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): Character states of pioniform hygrobatoid mites
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB686B2CAEEDFEE9" box="[1203,1265,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8B1764FB276B2DAF84FEE8" author="Smith" box="[1276,1432,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Dorsal integument mostly soft and bearing a pair of tiny dorsalia, partly covered by an array of small platelets, or nearly covered by an entire dorsal shield (may be sexually dimorphic). Venter with coxal groups surrounded except posteriorly by soft integument or fused with ventral shield in males, surrounded by soft integument or fused with ventral shield in females. First coxal plate with or without two to four thick setae anteriorly. Apodeme of first coxal group short, or long and extending posteriorly to beneath medial edge of third coxal plate. Suture line between third and fourth coxal plates oblique so that fourth coxal plate is triangular and forms no part of medial edge of posterior coxal group, or transverse so that fourth coxal plate is quadrangular and forms a substantial part of medial edge of posterior coxal group. Fourth coxal plate of males separate from or fused with one another and the acetabular plates posteriorly. Posterior edge of fourth coxal plate obliquely posterolaterally directed or nearly transverse, concave or sinuate, forming an angle or convexity with lateral edge of plate and usually with a conspicuous apodeme beneath this angle. Coxoglandularium I located between second and third coxal plates or fused with posterior edge of second coxal plate. Coxoglandularium II located between or at the line of fusion of fourth coxal plate and acetabular plate. Genital field bearing three to around one hundred acetabula per side, acetabula borne on acetabular plates in males, borne on acetabular plates, in soft integument, or with some combination of these conditions, in females. Acetabular plates of males entire and fused with one another to surround gonopore except, in some cases, anteriorly; compact, nearly semicircular in shape and confined to gonopore region, or elongate, tongue-shaped and extending laterally beyond posterolateral angles of fourth coxal plates; separate from or fused with fourth coxal plates anteriorly, and variously fused with ventral shield when present. Acetabular plates of females entire, variously fragmented, or absent; when present, compact and nearly triangular, circular, curvilinear or arcuate in shape and confined to gonopore region, or elongate, tongue-shaped and extending laterally beyond posterolateral angles of fourth coxal plates; surrounded by soft integument or variously fused with ventral shield when present. Genital field of males with gonopore situated in same plane as acetabular plates or in a genital pit, and with or without a complex sclerotized petiole posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF1C6ECDAE8CFAD8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Gnathosomal base separate from first coxal plates, bearing or lacking an anchoral process. Pedipalp with femur lacking or bearing a ventral projection. Pedipalp tibia either shorter than three proximal segments combined and bearing fewer than six setae ventrally, or as long as three proximal segments combined and bearing more than ten setae ventrally; with or without one or two setiferous projections ventrally (may be sexually dimorphic); with most distomedial seta slender, peg-like, or spine-like, and either sessile or borne on a projection.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF1C6F3EAF88FA4D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">First leg with tibia bearing only straight setae distoventrally; tarsus straight, and either nearly cylindrical or strongly biconvex and expanded dorsoventrally. Posterior three pairs of legs with segments and their setae unmodified, or with various segments and their setae sexually dimorphic and characteristically modified in males.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF1C6FADAF68F985" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF1C6FADABD2FA68" bold="true" box="[199,462,1484,1509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Subfamilies included.</emphasis>
|
||
Foreliinae Thor, 1923, Huitfeldtiinae Viets, 1924, Hydrochoreutinae Viets, 1942, Najadicolinae Viets, 1935, Pioninae Thor, 1900, Schminkeinae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8B1764FC846F8EAE30F985" author="Schwoerbel" box="[863,1068,1519,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refString="Schwoerbel, J. (1984) Subterrane Wassermilben aus Fließgewassern Neuseelands. (Acari, Actinedida). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 66, 293 - 308." type="journal article" year="1984">Schwoerbel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Tiphyinae Oudemans, 1941.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696559FF8B1764FF1C6C75ABE8F9A0" box="[199,500,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF1C6C75ABE8F9A0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,500,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF1C6C75AB7CF9A0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
World-wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696559FF8B1763FF1C6C56A903FD40" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1764FF1C6C56AB29F8A5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF1C6C56AB50F9DD" bold="true" box="[199,332,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8B1764FE886C56ABF1F9DD" author="Cook" box="[339,493,1591,1616]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refString="Cook, D. R. (1974 a) Water mite genera and subgenera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 21, 1 - 860." type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Cook (1974a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FD356C56A94CF9DD" box="[750,848,1591,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to consist of five subfamilies, namely Huitfeldtiinae Viets, 1924 including only the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FDAF6C3DA9E1F9F9" authority="Pioninae Thor, 1900" authorityName="Pioninae Thor" authorityYear="1900" box="[628,1021,1628,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Unionicolidae" genus="Huitfeldtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FDAF6C3DA8F1F9F8" box="[628,749,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Huitfeldtia</emphasis>
|
||
, Pioninae Thor, 1900
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including only the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FA896C3CABE7F915" authority="Nautarachninae Koenike, 1909" authorityName="Nautarachninae Koenike" authorityYear="1909" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Piona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FA896C3CAF89F9F9" box="[1362,1429,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Piona</emphasis>
|
||
, Nautarachninae Koenike, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including only the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FCEF6C1EA9D4F915" box="[820,968,1663,1688]" class="Arachnida" family="Nautarachnidae" genus="Nautarachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FCEF6C1EA9D4F915" box="[820,968,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nautarachna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FB826C1EAEF1F915" box="[1113,1261,1663,1688]" class="Arachnida" family="Nautarachnidae" genus="Nautarachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB826C1EAEF1F915" box="[1113,1261,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nautarachna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FAF76C1EAF97F915" box="[1324,1419,1663,1688]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FAF76C1EAF97F915" box="[1324,1419,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Tiphyinae Oudemans, 1941 including the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FD0F6CC4A934F931" box="[724,808,1701,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Wettina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FD0F6CC4A934F931" box="[724,808,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Wettina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FCE06CC5A9F1F930" box="[827,1005,1700,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Hydrochoreutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FCE06CC5A9F1F930" box="[827,1005,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Hydrochoreutes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FC246CC5AE54F930" box="[1023,1096,1700,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Tiphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FC246CC5AE54F930" box="[1023,1096,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tiphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FB036CC5AF3DF930" box="[1240,1313,1700,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Tiphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB036CC5AF3DF930" box="[1240,1313,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tiphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FAE86CC5AF89F930" box="[1331,1429,1700,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FAE86CC5AF89F930" box="[1331,1429,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FF4C6CA9AB0DF952" box="[151,273,1736,1759]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Acercopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF4C6CA9AB0DF952" box="[151,273,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Acercopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FEE86CA6AB81F96D" box="[307,413,1735,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Acercella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FEE86CA6AB81F96D" box="[307,413,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Acercella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FE6C6CA8A839F96D" box="[439,549,1737,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FE6C6CA8A839F96D" box="[439,549,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FD1E6CA8A92FF96D" box="[709,819,1737,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FD1E6CA8A92FF96D" box="[709,819,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FC966CA6A9A1F96D" box="[845,957,1735,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Neotiphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FC966CA6A9A1F96D" box="[845,957,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Neotiphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FC046CA8AE76F96D" box="[991,1130,1737,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionacercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FC046CA8AE76F96D" box="[991,1130,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionacercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FAD16CA8AF89F96D" box="[1290,1429,1737,1760]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionacercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FAD16CA8AF89F96D" box="[1290,1429,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionacercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FF4C6C8CAB5FF889" box="[151,323,1773,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionacercopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF4C6C8CAB5FF889" box="[151,323,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionacercopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Foreliinae Thor, 1923 including the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FCAF6C8DA9D4F888" box="[884,968,1772,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Forelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FCAF6C8DA9D4F888" box="[884,968,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Forelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FB8A6C8DAEB9F888" box="[1105,1189,1772,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Forelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB8A6C8DAEB9F888" box="[1105,1189,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Forelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FB006C8DAF7EF888" box="[1243,1378,1772,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Madawaska" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB006C8DAF7EF888" box="[1243,1378,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Madawaska</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FF4C6D6EAB32F8A5" box="[151,302,1807,1832]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pseudofeltria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF4C6D6EAB32F8A5" box="[151,302,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pseudofeltria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8B1763FF1C6D55A812FF58" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8B1764FF1C6D55AB41F8C0" author="Smith" box="[199,349,1844,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
subsequently revised the family based on a phylogenetic analysis of larval and adult characters and proposed a classification with three subfamilies, namely Wettininae Cook, 1956 including only the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FF4C6D1CAB91F818" authority="Huitfeldtinae" authorityName="Huitfeldtinae" box="[151,397,1916,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Wettina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF4C6D1CAAF7F819" box="[151,235,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Wettina</emphasis>
|
||
, Huitfeldtinae
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including the tribes Hydrochoreutini Viets, 1942 for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FB886D1DAF68F818" authority="Foreliini" authorityName="Foreliini" box="[1107,1396,1916,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Hydrochoreutes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB886D1DAF19F818" box="[1107,1285,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Hydrochoreutes</emphasis>
|
||
, Foreliini
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FEF96DC0ABB1F835" box="[290,429,1953,1976]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionacercus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FEF96DC0ABB1F835" box="[290,429,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionacercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FE186DC1A87DF834" box="[451,609,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FE186DC1A841F834" box="[451,605,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pseudofeltria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudofeltria</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FD7C6DC1A8E6F834" box="[679,762,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Forelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FD7C6DC1A8E6F834" box="[679,762,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Forelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Huitfeldtiini for the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FB406DC1AF08F834" box="[1179,1300,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Unionicolidae" genus="Huitfeldtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FB406DC1AF08F834" box="[1179,1300,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Huitfeldtia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FAF06DC1AF89F834" box="[1323,1429,1952,1977]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Acercella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FAF06DC1AF89F834" box="[1323,1429,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Acercella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FF4C6DA5AB1BF850" box="[151,263,1988,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Neotiphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FF4C6DA5AB1BF850" box="[151,263,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Neotiphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FEC26DA5AB67F850" box="[281,379,1988,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FEC26DA5AB67F850" box="[281,379,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FE576DA4ABE6F851" box="[396,506,1989,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Pionopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FE576DA4ABE6F851" box="[396,506,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Pionopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FD9B6DA5A895F850" box="[576,649,1988,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Tiphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FD9B6DA5A895F850" box="[576,649,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Tiphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Pioninae including the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FBE96DA5AEDAF850" box="[1074,1222,1988,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Nautarachnidae" genus="Nautarachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FBE96DA5AEDAF850" box="[1074,1222,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nautarachna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8B1764FADF6DA4AF5BF851" box="[1284,1351,1989,2012]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Piona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8B1764FADF6DA4AF5BF851" box="[1284,1351,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Piona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Smith concluded that the Holarctic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FDE96AF8A89AFF3D" box="[562,646,153,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Wettina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FDE96AF8A89AFF3D" box="[562,646,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Wettina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represented an ancient lineage that was not demonstrably related to other genera placed in the family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8C1763FF1C6ABEA9EBFE05" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FF1C6ABEABF3FF75" author="Simmons" box="[199,495,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Simmons, T. W. & Smith, I. M. (1984) Morphology of larvae, deutonymphs, and adults of the water mite Najadicola ingens (Prostigmata: Parasitengona: Hygrobatoidea) with remarks on phylogenetic relationships and revision of taxonomic placement of Najadicolinae. Canadian Entomologist, 116, 691 - 701. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 116691 - 5" type="journal article" year="1984">Simmons & Smith (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FD346ABEAE02FF75" authority="Koenike, 1895" authorityName="Koenike" authorityYear="1895" box="[751,1054,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Unionicolidae" genus="Najadicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FD346ABEA970FF75" box="[751,876,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Najadicola</emphasis>
|
||
Koenike, 1895
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the subfamily Najadicolinae Viets, 1935 to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FEB96B65ABD8FE90" box="[354,452,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FD5A6B65A93CFE90" box="[641,800,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Unionicolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Unionicolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on synapomorphies of larvae and adults shared by members of Najadicolinae and Pioninae. Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FCD26B46A9CBFECD" box="[777,983,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Cook, D. R., Smith, I. M. & Harvey, M. S. (2000) Assessment of lateral compression of the idiosoma in adult water mites as a taxonomic character and reclassification of Frontipodopsis Walter, Wettina Piersig and some other basal Hygrobatoidea (Acari: Hydrachnida). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 14, 433 - 448. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 99014" type="journal article">
|
||
Cook
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FC966B48A962FECD" box="[845,894,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FB9C6B48AE80FECD" box="[1095,1180,297,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Wettina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FB9C6B48AE80FECD" box="[1095,1180,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Wettina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FAD16B46AF70FECD" box="[1290,1388,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and placed it in a distinct family, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FDD26B2DA898FEE8" box="[521,644,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Wettinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Wettinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, along with a number of related austral genera previously classified in the aturid subfamilies Frontipodopsinae and Axonopsinae (discussed below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36D2FF8C1763FF1C6BF5A903FD40" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FF1C6BF5ABDDFE21" author="Smith" box="[199,449,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Smith, I. M. & Cook, D. R. (1991) Water mites. Chapter 16. In: Thorp, J. & Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 523 - 592. [total page number 911 pp.]" type="book chapter" year="1991">Smith & Cook (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FE0A6BF5A816FE21" author="Smith" box="[465,522,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Smith, I. M. & Cook, D. R. (1999) An assessment of global distribution patterns in water mites (Acari: Hydrachnida). In: Needham, G. R., Mitchell, R. D., Horn, D. J. & Welbourn, W. C. (Eds.), Acarology IX. Vol. 2. Symposia. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, pp. 109 - 124." type="book" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FD8A6BF5A936FE21" author="Smith" box="[593,810,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Smith, I. M., Cook, D. R. & Smith, B. P. (2001) Water mites and other arachnids. Chapter 16. In: Thorpe, J. & Covich, A. (Eds.), Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. 2 nd Edition. Academic Press, Waltham, Massachusetts, pp. 551 - 659. [1056 pp.] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 012690647 - 9 / 50017 - X" type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FD456BF4A8C8FE20" box="[670,724,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2010) adopted a version of pionid classification that essentially followed the cladistic arrangement proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FCE16BD6A9CFFE5D" author="Smith" box="[826,979,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but progressively took into account the transfer of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FE9C6BBCAB87FE79" box="[327,411,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Wettina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FE9C6BBCAB87FE79" box="[327,411,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Wettina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like mites from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FD4B6BBDA8EEFE78" box="[656,754,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FC906BBDA9DBFE78" box="[843,967,476,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Wettinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actinedida" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Wettinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the transfer of the Najadicolinae to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FF4C6B9EAAE0FD95" box="[151,252,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the addition of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FDB86B9EA9AEFD95" authority="Schwoerbel, 1984" authorityName="Schwoerbel" authorityYear="1984" box="[611,946,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Schminkea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FDB86B9EA8C0FD95" box="[611,732,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Schminkea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FD3F6B9EA9AEFD95" author="Schwoerbel" box="[740,946,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Schwoerbel, J. (1984) Subterrane Wassermilben aus Fließgewassern Neuseelands. (Acari, Actinedida). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement, 66, 293 - 308." type="journal article" year="1984">Schwoerbel, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FC656B9EAEE4FD95" authority="Cook, 1986" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1986" box="[958,1272,511,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Australiotiphys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FC656B9EAE75FD95" box="[958,1129,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Australiotiphys</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FBAA6B9EAEE4FD95" author="Cook" box="[1137,1272,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Cook, D. R. (1986) Water mites from Australia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 40, 1 - 568." type="journal article" year="1986">Cook, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FADF6B9EAB03FDB1" authority="Cook, 1992" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Twinforksella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FADF6B9EAF80FD95" box="[1284,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Twinforksella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FF4C6845AB03FDB1" author="Cook" box="[151,287,548,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Cook, D. R. (1992) Water mites (Hydracarina) from driven wells in New Zealand: taxa other than Notoaturinae Besch. Stygologia, 7, 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1992">Cook, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FE856844A822FDB1" authority="Harvey, 1998" authorityName="Harvey" authorityYear="1998" box="[350,574,548,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Larri" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FE856844AB85FDB1" box="[350,409,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Larri</emphasis>
|
||
Harvey, 1998
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Discovery of these austral pionid genera suggests that a number of pionid lineages are much older than previously thought. Accordingly, the tribes Hydrochoreutini, Foreliini, and Huitfeldtiini that had been placed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B23FF8C1763FD94680DA8F4FD08" author="Smith" box="[591,744,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" refString="Smith, I. M. (1976) A study of the systematics of the water mite family Pionidae (Prostigmata: Parasitengona). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 98, 1 - 249." type="journal article" year="1976">Smith (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the subfamily Huitfeldtiinae were elevated to subfamily status and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FEEC68EEABACFD25" box="[311,432,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Unionicolidae" genus="Huitfeldtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FEEC68EEABACFD25" box="[311,432,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Huitfeldtia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like mites and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D51FF8C1763FD8568EEA8BBFD25" box="[606,679,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Pionidae" genus="Tiphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAC0FF8C1763FD8568EEA8BBFD25" box="[606,679,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Tiphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like mites were segregated into separate subfamilies. The resulting revised classification is summarized and discussed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |