569 lines
77 KiB
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569 lines
77 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A82501C1A2109A0FDB2F6BA358C92785">Biostratigraphy and taxonomy of polymerid trilobites of the Manuels River Formation (Drumian, middle Cambrian), Newfoundland, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E02FA70B474063C05BE126951A9CC458">Unger, Tanja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D99C4936DA9C133A42C815202A20BE2">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany) and Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="98F710CBA4881B21922C073CEF7EE995" type="email">tanja.unger@ruhr-uni-bochum.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A0362B43A8F95DAA1F7CE9E4D65068E4">Hildenbrand, Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9060E8D539DF475A1A309853FDD635AF">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="118279FD20D48A389D934D16369B8F93">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D99A31337CD93D1DF4818CBE4D92461E">Austermann, Gregor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="464E90F967D04F5F4BD6E19FB6DBBF90">Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8CA74BDC51195C581E7E15118ED62B10">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3F2610E344A5930690405198042CD37B">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DA87B6FF854959FC147B02FBF5FD71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477300" ID-GBIF-Taxon="207934028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7477300" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B6FF854959FC147B02FBF5FD71" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87B6FF854959FC147B02FBF5FD71" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1070" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC147B02FAC2FC54" authority="Salter, 1863" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" box="[958,1310,890,917]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC147B02FB4AFC54" bold="true" box="[958,1174,890,917]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFB377B03FAC2FC54" author="Salter" box="[1181,1310,891,917]" firstAuthor="Salter" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="274 - 277" refId="ref29572" refString="SALTER J. W. 1863. - On the discovery of Paradoxides in Britain. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19 (1): 274 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1863.019.01 - 02.28" type="journal article" year="1863">Salter, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFB837BE3FB6FFC74" blockId="18.[1065,1203,923,949]" box="[1065,1203,923,949]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13482A25FF85495EFB987BE3FB5CFC74" box="[1074,1152,923,949]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1963,1980]" captionTargetBox="[250,1337,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-108@19.[249,795,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 11. — Paradoxides davidis Salter, 1863: A, internal cast of a pygidium attached to the posterior segments of the thorax (NFM F-3918 from 11.87 m); B, mould of a thorax with attached pygidium,thorax with preserved ornamentation (NFM F-3912 from 11.85 m); C, internal cast of a pygidium (NFM F-3909 from 15.05 m); D, internal cast of a thorax with dislocated cranidium and librigenae, ornamentation on one librigena preserved (NFM F-2826 from 11.92 m). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7477679/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Figs 11</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13482A25FF85495EFB247BE3FB76FC74" box="[1166,1194,923,949]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1359,1376]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1317]" captionTargetId="figure-422@20.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 12. — Paradoxides davidis Salter, 1863: A, internal cast of a cranidium, ornamentation on fixigenae preserved, occipital ring bears a node (NFM F-3842 from 11.19 m); B, mould of a cranidium, ornamentation on fixigenae and parts of doublure preserved (NFM F-3908 from 11.85 m); C, internal cast of a cranidium with doublure attached (NFM F-3663 from 12.06 m); D, internal cast of cranidium, occipital node slightly visible (NFM F-3934 from 12.08 m). Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7477681/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">12</figureCitation>
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFC877BA0FBA0FC2E" author="Salter" box="[813,1148,983,1008]" page="276" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1863">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877BA0FBA0FC2E" authority="Salter, 1863: 276" authorityName="Salter" authorityPageNumber="276" authorityYear="1863" box="[813,1148,983,1008]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877BA0FC06FC31" box="[813,986,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFC767BA0FBA0FC2E" author="Salter" box="[988,1148,983,1008]" firstAuthor="Salter" page="276" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="274 - 277" refId="ref29572" refString="SALTER J. W. 1863. - On the discovery of Paradoxides in Britain. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19 (1): 274 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1863.019.01 - 02.28" type="journal article" year="1863">Salter, 1863: 276</bibRefCitation>
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, unnamed text fig. p. 275;1864a: 234, 235, pl. 12, figs 1-3; 1864b: 1-4, pl. 10, figs 1-8. —
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFAE97B8AFC75FBE4" author="Linnarsson" page="11 - 14" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1882">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFAE97B8AFC75FBE4" author="Linnarsson" firstAuthor="Linnarsson" page="11 - 14" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref27894" refString="LINNARSSON G. 1882. - De undre Paradoxideslagren vid Andrarum. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Ser. C 54: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Linnarsson 1882: 11-14</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 1, figs 14, 15; pl. 2, figs 1-9. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFABE7C74FC5FFBFE" author="Gronwall" page="106 - 112" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1902">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFABE7C74FC5FFBFE" author="Gronwall" firstAuthor="Gronwall" page="106 - 112" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref25638" refString="GRONWALL K. A. 1902. - Bornholms Paradoxideslag og deres fauna. Danmarks geologiske Undersogelse, II Raekke 13 (1): 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1902">Grönwall 1902: 106-112</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 2, figs 3-7. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFB9F7C5FFB25FBFE" author="Cobbold" box="[1077,1273,1063,1087]" page="287" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1911">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFB9F7C5FFB25FBFE" author="Cobbold" box="[1077,1273,1063,1087]" firstAuthor="Cobbold" page="287" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref24209" refString="COBBOLD E. S. 1911. - Trilobites from the Paradoxides beds of Comley (Shropshire). The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 67 (3): 282 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1911.067.01 - 04.12" type="journal article" year="1911">Cobbold 1911: 287</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 24, figs 17a, b, 18. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFCDE7C39FBCBFB9B" author="Illing" box="[884,1047,1089,1114]" page="428" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFCDE7C39FBCBFB9B" author="Illing" box="[884,1047,1089,1114]" firstAuthor="Illing" page="428" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="386 - 450" refId="ref26669" refString="ILLING V. C. 1915. - The Paradoxidian fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shale. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 71 (1 - 4): 386 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1915.071.01 - 04.17" type="journal article" year="1915">Illing 1915: 428</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 35, figs 9-11 (?). —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFAA67C39FC89FBB5" author="Lake" page="203 - 208" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFAA67C39FC89FBB5" author="Lake" firstAuthor="Lake" page="203 - 208" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref27417" refString="LAKE P. 1935. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 9. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 88: 197 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1935.12035634" type="journal article" year="1935">Lake 1935: 203- 208</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 27, figs 1, 2; pl. 28, figs 1-3; pl. 29, figs 1-3. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFA937C24FC5BFB4F" author="Hutchinson" page="76" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFA937C24FC5BFB4F" author="Hutchinson" firstAuthor="Hutchinson" page="76" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref26581" refString="HUTCHINSON R. D. 1952. - The stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cambrian sedimentary rocks of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 263: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 101599" type="journal article" year="1952">Hutchinson 1952: 76</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 77, pl. 2, figs 6-8; 1962: 115, pl. 19, fig. 10; pls. 20, 21; pl. 22, figs 1-5. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFC477CE9FB82FB68" author="Hupe" box="[1005,1118,1169,1193]" firstAuthor="Hupe" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="91 - 345" refId="ref26562" refString="HUPE P. 1955. - Classification des trilobites. Annales de Paleontologie 41: 91 - 345." type="journal article" year="1955">Hupé 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 77.1. —
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFB477CE9FA77FB68" author="Fletcher" box="[1261,1451,1169,1193]" page="92" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFB477CE9FA77FB68" author="Fletcher" box="[1261,1451,1169,1193]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" page="92" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" refId="ref24893" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 1972 b. - Geology and Lower to Middle Cambrian Trilobite Faunas of the Southwest Avalon, Newfoundland, Part Two, Palaeontology & Bibliography. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 294 p." type="book" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Fletcher 1972b: 92</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, pl. 49, fig. 11; pl. 50, figs 1-6; pl. 51, figs 1, 2. — Bergström & Levi-Setti 1978: 6, 7.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877C81FB16FAED" blockId="18.[813,1455,1273,1324]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877C81FA76FAD0" authority="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti, 1978: 11" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1978" box="[813,1450,1273,1298]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="brevispinus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877C81FB8FFAD0" box="[813,1107,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides davidis brevispinus</emphasis>
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Bergström & Levi-Setti, 1978: 11
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 7c; pl. 9, fig. 5; pl. 10, figs 1-7,
|
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<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFB227D6CFB16FAED" bold="true" box="[1160,1226,1300,1324]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">n. syn.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877D3FFB05FA55" blockId="18.[812,1457,1351,1428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877D3FFA53FA9F" authority="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti, 1978: 7" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1978" box="[813,1423,1351,1375]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877D3FFBE4FA9E" box="[813,1080,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
Bergström & Levi-Setti, 1978: 7
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 8, fig. 7a; pl. 2, figs 1-3; pl. 3, figs 1-5; pl. 4, figs 1-11; pl. 5, figs 1-11 (?). — Levi-Setti 2014: pls 150-154,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFB3D7D04FB05FA55" bold="true" box="[1175,1241,1404,1428]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877DD7FAE4FA23" blockId="18.[813,1455,1455,1506]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877DD7FA76FA06" authority="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti, 1978: 9" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1978" box="[813,1450,1455,1480]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877DD7FB80FA06" box="[813,1116,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides davidis intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
Bergström & Levi-Setti, 1978: 9
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 11, pl. 6, figs 1-7. — Levi-Setti 2014: pl. 159,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFB5C7DB2FAE4FA23" bold="true" box="[1270,1336,1482,1506]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877D85FC2DF9A4" blockId="18.[813,1457,1533,1637]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877D85FA76F9D4" authority="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti, 1978: 8" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1978" box="[813,1450,1533,1558]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="trapezopyge">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877D85FB86F9D4" box="[813,1114,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides davidis trapezopyge</emphasis>
|
||
Bergström & Levi-Setti, 1978: 8
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 9, fig. 7b; pl. 6, fig. 8; pl. 7, figs 1-5; pl. 8, figs 1, 3, 4, 7, 8; pl. 9, figs 1-3. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFC0D7E4AFB4AF98B" author="Whittington" box="[935,1174,1586,1610]" firstAuthor="Whittington" page="121" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" refId="ref31114" refString="WHITTINGTON H. B. 1992. - Trilobites. Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 145 p." type="book" year="1992">Whittington 1992: 121</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 46. — Levi-Setti 2014: pls 155-158,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC057E35FC2DF9A4" bold="true" box="[943,1009,1613,1637]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">n. syn.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877EF8FB39F926" blockId="18.[813,1455,1664,1767]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877EF8FB6FF959" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[813,1203,1664,1688]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subGenus="Paradoxides" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877EF8FC47F959" box="[813,923,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC007EF8FBC4F959" box="[938,1048,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFB8D7EF8FB6FF959" box="[1063,1203,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFB677EF8FA74F959" author="Morris & Fortey" box="[1229,1448,1664,1688]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" refId="ref28358" refString="MORRIS S. F. & FORTEY R. A. 1985. - Catalogue of the Type and Figured Specimens of Trilobita in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), Great Britain, London, 183 p." type="book" year="1985">Morris & Fortey 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 7, fig. 3, pl. 8, fig. 4 (?). —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFBC67EE2FAB2F972" author="Martin & Dean" box="[1132,1390,1690,1715]" firstAuthor="Martin" page="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref27973" refString="MARTIN F. & DEAN W. T. 1988. - Middle and upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island, eastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 381 (1): 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1988">Martin & Dean 1988: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4, figs 11-17(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC3C7ECEFC0AF90C" box="[918,982,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">partim</emphasis>
|
||
). —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFBA07ECDFB66F90C" author="Fletcher" box="[1034,1210,1717,1741]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" page="47" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="35 - 56" refId="ref25012" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 2007. - Correlating the zones of ' Paradoxides hicksii ' and ' Paradoxides davidis ' in Cambrian Series 3. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 35 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115510701586855" type="journal article" year="2007">Fletcher 2007: 47</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, figs 8G-I. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFAEF7ECDFC3CF926" author="Fletcher & Greene" firstAuthor="Fletcher" page="514" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="503 - 518" refId="ref25109" refString="FLETCHER T. P. & GREENE B. A. 2013. - An unusual mid-Cambrian faunule from St. John's Island, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (5): 503 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2012 - 0119" type="journal article" year="2013">Fletcher & Greene 2013: 514</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 3, figs 7, 9-11, 14, 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877F7BFAA2F8DA" blockId="18.[813,1406,1795,1819]" box="[813,1406,1795,1819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63118EFF85495EFC877F7BFAA2F8DA" box="[813,1406,1795,1819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877F7BFC15F8DA" baseAuthorityName="Salter" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[813,969,1795,1819]" class="Trilobita" family="Centropleuridae" genus="Plutonides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877F7BFC15F8DA" box="[813,969,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Plutonides hicksi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFC487F7BFB69F8DA" author="Vanek" box="[994,1205,1795,1819]" page="36" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFC487F7BFB69F8DA" author="Vanek" box="[994,1205,1795,1819]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vanek" page="36" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref30599" refString="VANEK J., VALICEK J. & VOKAC V. 1999. - Plutonides hicksi (Salter) from the Middle Cambrian of Skryje-Tyrovice are (Czech Republic). Palaeontologia Bohemiae 5 (6): 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Vaněk
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFB8F7F7BFB88F8DA" box="[1061,1108,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999: 36
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, figs 1, 2, 5, 6.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877F4EFBD0F8A8" blockId="18.[813,1456,1846,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB63118EFF85495EFC877F4EFBD0F8A8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF85495EFC877F4EFBDBF88F" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" box="[813,1031,1846,1870]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis" subGenus="Paradoxides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC877F4EFC47F88F" box="[813,923,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Paradoxides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC0D7F4FFC65F88F" box="[935,953,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">P.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFC6E7F4EFBDBF88F" box="[964,1031,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210B1FF85495EFBB17F4EFB16F88F" author="Fletcher" box="[1051,1226,1846,1870]" page="34" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" year="2006">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFBB17F4EFB16F88F" author="Fletcher" box="[1051,1226,1846,1870]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" page="34" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" refId="ref24935" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 2006. - Bedrock Geology of the Cape St. Mary's Peninsula, Southwest Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland (includes parts of Nts map sheets 1 M / 1, 1 N / 4, 1 L / 16 and 1 K 13). Report, 06 - 02. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, St. John's, 117 p." type="book" year="2006">Fletcher 2006: 34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 9, 10. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF85495EFAFA7F4FFCBCF8A8" author="Rees" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rees" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref28872" refString="REES A., THOMAS A., LEWIS M., HUGHES H. & TURNER P. 2014. - Cambrian of Sw Wales: towards a united Avalonian Stratigraphy. Memoirs of the Geological Society London 42: 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / m 42.0" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rees
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF85495EFA297F4FFA6CF88F" box="[1411,1456,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1.10, 1.11b.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF85495EFC877FFCFC4FF82A" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF85495EFC877FFCFC4FF82A" blockId="18.[812,1456,1924,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CFDFF85495EFC877FFCFC4FF82A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4003346307" collectionCode="BM" country="United Kingdom" location="Menevian Group of Port-y-rhaw" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" specimenCode="BM 45083, BM 45084" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="St. David's" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C88802FF85495EFC877FFCFC4BF85A" box="[813,919,1924,1947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
. —
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD29FF85495EFC697FFCFBF6F85D" box="[963,1066,1924,1948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" type="generic">Specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
no.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDBFF85495EFBFD7FFCFB1FF85D" box="[1111,1219,1924,1948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">BM 45083</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD59EDBFF85495EFB5F7FFCFABFF85D" box="[1269,1379,1924,1948]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">BM 45084</specimenCode>
|
||
, British Museum, London, United Kingdom by original designation, from the
|
||
<location id="8EAC607BFF85495EFCF97FC1FB47F810" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87B6FF854959FC147B02FBF5FD71:8EAC607BFF85495EFCF97FC1FB47F810" box="[851,1179,1977,2001]" country="United Kingdom" name="Menevian Group of Port-y-rhaw" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067" stateProvince="St. David's">Menevian Group of Port-y-rhaw</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F842FF85495EFB0D7FC1FAC9F810" box="[1191,1301,1977,2001]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">St. David’s</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF85495EFA8B7FC1FA82F810" box="[1313,1374,1977,2001]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="1067">Wales</collectingCountry>
|
||
, United Kingdom.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C6628FF84495FFF2E7FD3FA70F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477679" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7477679" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7477679/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068" startId="19.[132,143,1963,1980]" targetBox="[250,1337,215,1878]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF84495FFF2E7FD3FA70F828" blockId="19.[132,1456,1963,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">
|
||
FIG. 11.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF84495FFF6C7FD3FF05F87D" bold="true" box="[198,217,1963,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF84495FFF767FD3FE36F87D" authority="Salter, 1863" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" box="[220,490,1963,1980]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF84495FFF767FD3FE5DF87D" box="[220,385,1963,1980]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF84495FFE2C7FD3FE36F87D" author="Salter" box="[390,490,1963,1980]" firstAuthor="Salter" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068" pagination="274 - 277" refId="ref29572" refString="SALTER J. W. 1863. - On the discovery of Paradoxides in Britain. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19 (1): 274 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1863.019.01 - 02.28" type="journal article" year="1863">Salter, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF84495FFE597FD3FDDCF87D" bold="true" box="[499,512,1963,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">A</emphasis>
|
||
, internal cast of a pygidium attached to the posterior segments of the thorax (NFM F-3918 from 11.87 m);
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF84495FFACE7FD3FAADF87D" bold="true" box="[1380,1393,1963,1980]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">B</emphasis>
|
||
, mould of a thorax with attached pygidium,thorax with preserved ornamentation (NFM F-3912 from 11.85 m);
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF84495FFC7A7FBAFC02F812" bold="true" box="[976,990,1986,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">C</emphasis>
|
||
, internal cast of a pygidium (NFM F-3909 from 15.05 m);
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF84495FFF2E7FA0FF4EF828" bold="true" box="[132,146,2008,2025]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1068">D</emphasis>
|
||
, internal cast of a thorax with dislocated cranidium and librigenae, ornamentation on one librigena preserved (NFM F-2826 from 11.92 m). Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C6628FF834958FF2E7D37FA72FA4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477681" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7477681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7477681/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" startId="20.[132,143,1359,1376]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1317]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF834958FF2E7D37FA72FA4C" blockId="20.[132,1455,1359,1421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
FIG. 12.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FF627D37FF07FAA1" bold="true" box="[200,219,1359,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FF497D37FE24FAA1" authority="Salter, 1863" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" box="[227,504,1359,1376]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FF497D37FE56FAA1" box="[227,394,1359,1376]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FE257D37FE24FAA1" author="Salter" box="[399,504,1359,1376]" firstAuthor="Salter" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="274 - 277" refId="ref29572" refString="SALTER J. W. 1863. - On the discovery of Paradoxides in Britain. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19 (1): 274 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1863.019.01 - 02.28" type="journal article" year="1863">Salter, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FDAA7D37FDD1FAA1" bold="true" box="[512,525,1359,1376]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">A</emphasis>
|
||
, internal cast of a cranidium, ornamentation on fixigenae preserved, occipital ring bears a node (NFM F-3842 from 11.19 m);
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FEA87D1DFED3FAB7" bold="true" box="[258,271,1381,1398]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">B</emphasis>
|
||
, mould of a cranidium, ornamentation on fixigenae and parts of doublure preserved (NFM F-3908 from 11.85 m);
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FB1D7D1DFB19FAB7" bold="true" box="[1207,1221,1381,1398]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">C</emphasis>
|
||
, internal cast of a cranidium with doublure attached (NFM F-3663 from 12.06 m);
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FD917D04FD95FA4C" bold="true" box="[571,585,1404,1421]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">D</emphasis>
|
||
, internal cast of cranidium, occipital node slightly visible (NFM F-3934 from 12.08 m). Scale bars: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF834958FF2E7DB8FD5DF957" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF834958FF2E7DB8FD5DF957" blockId="20.[130,776,1471,1686]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
DIAGNOSIS. — Glabella with S1 curved backwards, S2 curved forward abaxially and backward axially, S3 and S4 absent; frontal lobe more than half of total glabellar length; occipital furrow curves slightly forward axially; librigenal spines and doublure lineated bifurcating and anastomosing, creating a narrow mashed net; thorax with 19 segments; posterior pleural spines extend far beyond pygidium; pygidium with concave posterior margin and axis with one ring (based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FF0E7E06FED0F954" author="Lake" box="[164,268,1661,1686]" firstAuthor="Lake" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref27417" refString="LAKE P. 1935. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 9. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 88: 197 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1935.12035634" type="journal article" year="1935">Lake 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FEB27E06FE71F957" author="Fletcher" box="[280,429,1662,1686]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" refId="ref24893" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 1972 b. - Geology and Lower to Middle Cambrian Trilobite Faunas of the Southwest Avalon, Newfoundland, Part Two, Palaeontology & Bibliography. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 294 p." type="book" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Fletcher 1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with modifications).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF834958FF2E7ED6FE3BF8F2" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF834958FF2E7ED6FE3BF8F2" blockId="20.[131,775,1710,1843]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CFDFF834958FED77ED6FE3FF8F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4003346312" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
124 cephala, mostly cranidia, some doublures, and seven pygidia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FE257EB1FD99F920" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" box="[399,581,1737,1761]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FE257EB1FD99F920" box="[399,581,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE65FF834958FDDE7EB2FD71F920" box="[628,685,1738,1761]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15126" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15126" name="The Rooms Corporation of Newfoundland and Labrador, Provincial Museum Division" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" type="Museum">NFM</collectionCode>
|
||
numbers see Appendix 1). All specimens range between 9.56 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B45FF834958FD197E9DFCDBF93D" box="[691,775,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.789" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" unit="m" value="17.89">17.89 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A25FF834958FF267F78FF18F8D9" box="[140,196,1792,1816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[160,1402,216,1896]" captionTargetId="graphics-15@5.[160,1399,257,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Lithology of the type locality of the Manuels River Formation, range chart of the here described species. Agnostid biozones from Hildenbrand et al. (2021) and polymerid biozones from Howell (1925)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477661" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7477661/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the Manuels River Formation,
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C88802FF834958FDBE7F78FDE2F8D9" box="[532,574,1792,1816]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Conception Bay South, Newfoundland,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FE3F7F63FE3FF8F2" box="[405,483,1819,1843]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF834958FF2E7F33FACAF9B4" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF834958FF2E7F33FACAF9B4" blockId="20.[132,775,1867,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[811,1456,1470,1653]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
OCCURRENCE.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FE8A7F34FDD8F8A2" box="[288,516,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FEE87F33FDD8F8A2" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" box="[322,516,1867,1891]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">Paradoxides davidis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is an important regional biostratigraphical marker of the middle Cambrian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FD2A7F1EFCDDF8BF" author="Howell" box="[640,769,1894,1918]" firstAuthor="Howell" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref26390" refString="HOWELL B. F. 1925. - The faunas of the Cambrian Paradoxides Beds at Manuels, Newfoundland. Bulletins of American Paleontology 11 (43): 1 - 140. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30406756" type="journal article" year="1925">Howell 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FF2E7FFAFF30F85B" author="Lake" box="[132,236,1922,1946]" firstAuthor="Lake" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref27417" refString="LAKE P. 1935. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 9. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 88: 197 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1935.12035634" type="journal article" year="1935">Lake 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FF527FFAFE7BF85B" author="Hutchinson" box="[248,423,1922,1946]" firstAuthor="Hutchinson" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref26628" refString="HUTCHINSON R. D. 1962. - Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of southeastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 88 (1): 1 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 123902" type="journal article" year="1962">Hutchinson 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which has been documented from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FEA87FE5FE92F874" box="[258,334,1949,1973]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eastern Newfoundland, in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FDDF7FE5FF73F811" authorityName="Salter" authorityYear="1863" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FDDF7FE5FF73F811" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FF707FC0FE62F811" box="[218,446,1976,2000]" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychagnostidae" genus="Ptychagnostus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agnostida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FF707FC0FE62F811" box="[218,446,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Ptychagnostus punctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
zones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FDAF7FC0FD73F811" author="Hutchinson" box="[517,687,1976,2000]" firstAuthor="Hutchinson" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 156" refId="ref26628" refString="HUTCHINSON R. D. 1962. - Cambrian stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of southeastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 88 (1): 1 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 123902" type="journal article" year="1962">Hutchinson 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FD137FC0FF18F82A" author="Fletcher" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" refId="ref24893" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 1972 b. - Geology and Lower to Middle Cambrian Trilobite Faunas of the Southwest Avalon, Newfoundland, Part Two, Palaeontology & Bibliography. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 294 p." type="book" year="1972" yearSuffix="b">Fletcher 1972b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FF7B7FABFE74F82A" author="Martin & Dean" box="[209,424,2003,2027]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref27973" refString="MARTIN F. & DEAN W. T. 1988. - Middle and upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island, eastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 381 (1): 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1988">Martin & Dean 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FE1F7FABFDB7F82A" author="Whittington" box="[437,619,2003,2027]" firstAuthor="Whittington" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" refId="ref31114" refString="WHITTINGTON H. B. 1992. - Trilobites. Boydell Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 145 p." type="book" year="1992">Whittington 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FDD27FABFCDDF82A" author="Fletcher" box="[632,769,2003,2027]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" refId="ref24935" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 2006. - Bedrock Geology of the Cape St. Mary's Peninsula, Southwest Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland (includes parts of Nts map sheets 1 M / 1, 1 N / 4, 1 L / 16 and 1 K 13). Report, 06 - 02. Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, St. John's, 117 p." type="book" year="2006">Fletcher 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FC877DC7FCBFFA16" author="Fletcher" box="[813,867,1471,1495]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="35 - 56" refId="ref25012" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 2007. - Correlating the zones of ' Paradoxides hicksii ' and ' Paradoxides davidis ' in Cambrian Series 3. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 35 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115510701586855" type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FCC57DC6FBBAFA16" author="Fletcher & Greene" box="[879,1126,1470,1495]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="503 - 518" refId="ref25109" refString="FLETCHER T. P. & GREENE B. A. 2013. - An unusual mid-Cambrian faunule from St. John's Island, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (5): 503 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2012 - 0119" type="journal article" year="2013">Fletcher & Greene 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It has also been reported from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FC1A7DA1FC27FA30" box="[944,1019,1497,1521]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F842FF834958FBB57DA1FB4AFA30" box="[1055,1174,1497,1521]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FB0E7DA1FA89FA30" author="Hutchinson" box="[1188,1365,1497,1521]" firstAuthor="Hutchinson" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref26581" refString="HUTCHINSON R. D. 1952. - The stratigraphy and trilobite faunas of the Cambrian sedimentary rocks of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 263: 1 - 124. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 101599" type="journal article" year="1952">Hutchinson 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FAC17DA1FC57F9CA" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
in Wales (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FC5B7D8BFB39F9CA" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[1009,1253,1523,1547]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FC5B7D8BFB75F9CA" box="[1009,1193,1523,1547]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FB457D8BFABCF9CA" author="Salter" box="[1263,1376,1523,1547]" firstAuthor="Salter" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="274 - 277" refId="ref29572" refString="SALTER J. W. 1863. - On the discovery of Paradoxides in Britain. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 19 (1): 274 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1863.019.01 - 02.28" type="journal article" year="1863">Salter 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FAC67D8BFA77F9CA" author="Salter" box="[1388,1451,1523,1547]" firstAuthor="Salter" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="233 - 241" refId="ref29622" refString="SALTER J. W. 1864 a. - On some new fossils from the Lingula-flags of Wales. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 20: 233 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1864.020.01 - 02.33" type="journal article" year="1864" yearSuffix="a">1864a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FC877E76FC4AF9E7" author="Lake" box="[813,918,1550,1574]" firstAuthor="Lake" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref27417" refString="LAKE P. 1935. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 9. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 88: 197 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1935.12035634" type="journal article" year="1935">Lake 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FC097E76FB9CF9E7" author="Rees" box="[931,1088,1550,1574]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rees" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref28872" refString="REES A., THOMAS A., LEWIS M., HUGHES H. & TURNER P. 2014. - Cambrian of Sw Wales: towards a united Avalonian Stratigraphy. Memoirs of the Geological Society London 42: 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / m 42.0" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rees
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FC7D7E77FBDBF9E7" box="[983,1031,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FBD17E76FB11F9E7" box="[1147,1229,1550,1574]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FB777E76FAB2F9E7" author="Cobbold" box="[1245,1390,1550,1574]" firstAuthor="Cobbold" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="282 - 300" refId="ref24209" refString="COBBOLD E. S. 1911. - Trilobites from the Paradoxides beds of Comley (Shropshire). The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 67 (3): 282 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1911.067.01 - 04.12" type="journal article" year="1911">Cobbold 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FAD17E76FC82F981" author="Illing" firstAuthor="Illing" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="386 - 450" refId="ref26669" refString="ILLING V. C. 1915. - The Paradoxidian fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shale. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 71 (1 - 4): 386 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1915.071.01 - 04.17" type="journal article" year="1915">Illing 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FCDA7E50FC17F981" box="[880,971,1576,1600]" name="Denmark" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FC727E50FBBAF981" author="Gronwall" box="[984,1126,1576,1600]" firstAuthor="Gronwall" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 230" refId="ref25638" refString="GRONWALL K. A. 1902. - Bornholms Paradoxideslag og deres fauna. Danmarks geologiske Undersogelse, II Raekke 13 (1): 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1902">Grönwall 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FBD37E50FB1EF981" box="[1145,1218,1576,1600]" name="Sweden" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FB677E50FCBFF99B" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" class="Trilobita" family="Ptychagnostidae" genus="Ptychagnostus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agnostida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctuosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FB677E50FA73F981" box="[1229,1455,1576,1600]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Ptychagnostus punctuosus</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FCC17E3BFBD3F99A" author="Linnarsson" box="[875,1039,1603,1627]" firstAuthor="Linnarsson" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref27894" refString="LINNARSSON G. 1882. - De undre Paradoxideslagren vid Andrarum. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Ser. C 54: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Linnarsson 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FBB37E3AFB62F99A" author="Westergard" box="[1049,1214,1602,1627]" firstAuthor="Westergard" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="1 - 59" refId="ref31006" refString="WESTERGARD A. H. 1953. - Non-agnostidean trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden 3. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Ser. C 526 (2): 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1953">Westergård 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647630FF834958FABD7E3BFA73F99A" box="[1303,1455,1603,1627]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF834958FC9F7E25FB88F9B4" authority="Zone" authorityName="Zone" box="[821,1108,1629,1653]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Eccaparadoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FC9F7E25FBCBF9B4" box="[821,1047,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">Eccaparadoxides pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
Zone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF834958FBF47E25FAD4F9B4" author="Vanek" box="[1118,1288,1629,1653]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vanek" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref30599" refString="VANEK J., VALICEK J. & VOKAC V. 1999. - Plutonides hicksi (Salter) from the Middle Cambrian of Skryje-Tyrovice are (Czech Republic). Palaeontologia Bohemiae 5 (6): 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Vaněk
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF834958FB0B7E26FB0CF9B4" box="[1185,1232,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF834959FC877EEBFE55FE90" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1070" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF834958FC877EEBFC61F96A" blockId="20.[811,1457,1683,2028]" box="[813,957,1683,1709]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF834959FC877ECAFE55FE90" blockId="20.[811,1457,1683,2028]" lastBlockId="21.[131,777,215,337]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1070" pageId="20" pageNumber="1069">The cranidia range from 38.0 mm to 62.0 mm width and 31.0 mm to 55.0 mm length, while the pygidia range from 7.0 to 9.0 mm width and 10.0 mm to 12.0 mm length. The preservation of the cranidia is very good and the preservation of the pygidia is good, both preserved as internal casts and moulds. Some cranidial internal casts have a groove lining from the frontal margin across the glabella towards the middle to outer margin of the occipital ring. Some cranidia bear a small, macroscopically slightly visible node on the occipital ring. Several specimens are pyritized. The glabella is always the most well-preserved part of the cranidium. The pleural spines are usually broken. When preserved, the posterior pleural spines reach at least twice the pygidial length. Pygidia are shaped trapezoidally.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369652BFF824959FF2E790FFBF5FD71" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF824959FF2E790FFF34FE50" blockId="21.[130,778,375,2028]" box="[132,232,375,401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF824959FF2E79EEFDF0FD2E" blockId="21.[130,778,375,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
According toLake (1935)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FE3C79EEFD80FE71" box="[406,604,406,432]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FE3C79EEFD80FE71" box="[406,604,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Paradoxides davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FF0F79CEFD9BFE10" authority="Brongniart, 1822" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityYear="1822" box="[165,583,438,465]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FF0F79CEFEAEFE11" box="[165,370,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Paradoxides tessini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FED179CEFD9BFE10" author="Brongniart" box="[379,583,438,465]" firstAuthor="Brongniart" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref23942" refString="BRONGNIART A. 1822. - Les Trilobites, in BRONGNIART A. & DESMAREST A. - G. (eds), Histoire naturelle des crustaces fossiles, sous les rapports zoologiques et geologiques. F. - G. Levrault, Paris and Strasbourg: 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 66799" type="book chapter" year="1822">Brongniart, 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FDFD79CFFD1AFE11" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityYear="1822" box="[599,710,439,464]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FDFD79CFFD1AFE11" box="[599,710,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. tessini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a longer palpebral lobe, a blunter front margin of the glabella, a less backward-curved S1 furrow, 21 thoracic segments and a rounded posterior margin of the pygidium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FD287A6EFD2AFDF0" author="Lake" box="[642,758,534,561]" firstAuthor="Lake" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="197 - 224" refId="ref27417" refString="LAKE P. 1935. - Monograph of the British Cambrian Trilobites, Part 9. Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, London 88: 197 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02693445.1935.12035634" type="journal article" year="1935">Lake 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FF2E7A4EFECEFD91" author="Illing" box="[132,274,566,593]" firstAuthor="Illing" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="386 - 450" refId="ref26669" refString="ILLING V. C. 1915. - The Paradoxidian fauna of a part of the Stockingford Shale. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 71 (1 - 4): 386 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / gsl. jgs. 1915.071.01 - 04.17" type="journal article" year="1915">Illing (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and figured one doublure and two thoracic fragments of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FED07A2FFE31FDB1" box="[378,493,598,624]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FED07A2FFE31FDB1" box="[378,493,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The fragment illustrated on pl. 35, fig. 10, only consists of four to possibly five outer pleurae without the axis, whereas the specimen on pl. 35, fig. 11, is overexposed. An assignment of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D75FD29FF824959FDC67ACEFCD5FD0E" box="[620,777,693,720]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
to any species is therefore questionable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF824959FF317A8EFDA6F94D" blockId="21.[130,778,375,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
Bergström & Levi-Setti (1978) divided
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FD9F7A8EFD7FFCCE" box="[565,675,757,783]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FD9F7A8EFD7FFCCE" box="[565,675,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into four subspecies:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FEAE7B6DFDFBFCEE" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[260,551,789,815]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FEAE7B6DFDFBFCEE" box="[260,551,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Paradoxides davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FD9D7B6DFD89FC8E" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FD9D7B6DFF22FC8E" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="trapezopyge">Paradoxides davidis trapezopyge</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FEA27B4DFD89FC8E" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[264,597,821,847]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="intermedius">Paradoxides davidis intermedius</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FD247B4DFE9EFCAE" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="brevispinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FD247B4DFE9EFCAE" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Paradoxides davidis brevispinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They distinguish them (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FDEF7B2EFCDCFCAE" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[581,768,853,879]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FDEF7B2EFCDCFCAE" box="[581,768,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FF2E7B0EFEA8FC4E" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[132,372,885,911]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="trapezopyge">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FF2E7B0EFEA8FC4E" box="[132,372,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis trapezopyge</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FE077B0EFD7EFC4E" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[429,674,885,911]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="intermedius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FE077B0EFD7EFC4E" box="[429,674,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis intermedius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by their mean pygidial width ratio, while the fourth,
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FDEE7BEDFF21FC0E" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FDEE7BEDFF25FC0E" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="brevispinus">Paradoxides davidis brevispinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished by the mean pygidial width ratio, a coarse ornamentation and notably short pleural spines. We here propose, that the identification of this latter subspecies is thus only applicable when the pygidium is attached to the thorax and cephalon. The articulated specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FD3C7C4DFF10FBAF" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FD3C7C4DFF10FBAF" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
figured by Bergström & Levi-Setti (1978: pl. 3, figs 1, 2) have poorly preserved cephala and pygidia; their assignment to any species is here suggested questionable. Pygidial variations identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FEE77CCDFE1CFB0F" box="[333,448,1204,1230]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FEE77CCDFE1CFB0F" box="[333,448,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as described by Bergström & Levi-Setti (1978), are herein interpreted as an intraspecific variation. The coarse ornamentation described byBergström & Levi-Setti (1978) is not identified in all specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FF0A7D4CFE54FA8C" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[160,392,1331,1357]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="brevispinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FF0A7D4CFE54FA8C" box="[160,392,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis brevispinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g., Bergström & Levi-Setti 1978: pl. 10, fig. 6), while it is visible on the thorax on their pl. 8, fig. 8, assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FEFB7D0CFD9EFA4C" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[337,578,1395,1421]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="trapezopyge">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FEFB7D0CFD9EFA4C" box="[337,578,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis trapezopyge</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The presence, or absence of ornamentation is therefore here interpreted as either an intraspecific variation or a matter of preservation. The short pleural spines are not as notable as mentioned by Bergström & Levi-Setti (1978) and are consequently not considered to be a reliable diagnostic characteristic. Based on the here described 123 cranidia and only seven pygidia, none of them attached to the cephalon, we suggest that a division of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FF0B7E0BFECFF94D" box="[161,275,1650,1676]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FF0B7E0BFECFF94D" box="[161,275,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into subspecies is not applicable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36A0FF824959FF317EEBFBF5FD71" blockId="21.[130,778,375,2028]" lastBlockId="21.[811,1457,215,688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FF317EEBFE86F96D" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[155,346,1682,1708]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FF317EEBFE86F96D" box="[155,346,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FE677EEAFD1FF96C" author="Morris & Fortey" box="[461,707,1682,1709]" firstAuthor="Morris" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" refId="ref28358" refString="MORRIS S. F. & FORTEY R. A. 1985. - Catalogue of the Type and Figured Specimens of Trilobita in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), Great Britain, London, 183 p." type="book" year="1985">Morris & Fortey (1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 7, fig. 3) is a poorly preserved mould of a cephalon attached to the anterior portion of the thorax, crossed by several cracks. The S2 furrow apparently is aligned parallel to the S1 furrow, which does not match the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FD8C7F6AFD44F8ED" box="[550,664,1810,1836]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FD8C7F6AFD44F8ED" box="[550,664,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the preservation and the shape of S2 the assignment to this species is questionable.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FED37F29FDADF8AD" author="Martin & Dean" box="[377,625,1873,1900]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref27973" refString="MARTIN F. & DEAN W. T. 1988. - Middle and upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island, eastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 381 (1): 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1988">Martin & Dean (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned their specimens to the subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FE197F0AFDAAF84A" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[435,630,1905,1931]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FE197F0AFDAAF84A" box="[435,630,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but included all subspecies introduced by Bergström & Levi-Setti (1978) in their list of synonyms. The juvenile cranidium illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FF0F7FA9FE7DF82A" author="Martin & Dean" box="[165,417,2001,2028]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref27973" refString="MARTIN F. & DEAN W. T. 1988. - Middle and upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island, eastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 381 (1): 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1988">Martin & Dean (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on plate 4, figure 4, has four glabellar furrows and eye lobes reaching from S4 to L1. These characteristics do not agree with the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FA977880FA73FED0" box="[1341,1455,247,273]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FA977880FA73FED0" box="[1341,1455,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is characterised by two characteristic glabellar furrows. The specimen is here excluded from the genus. The nearly articulated specimens documented byWhittington (1992) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FC81790FFBC8FE51" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" box="[811,1044,375,401]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subSpecies="trapezopyge">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FC81790FFBC8FE51" box="[811,1044,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis trapezopyge</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
match the characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FA94790FFA71FE50" box="[1342,1453,375,401]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FA94790FFA71FE50" box="[1342,1453,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are here assigned to the species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FB1979EEFA5DFE70" author="Vanek" box="[1203,1409,406,433]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vanek" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="36 - 38" refId="ref30599" refString="VANEK J., VALICEK J. & VOKAC V. 1999. - Plutonides hicksi (Salter) from the Middle Cambrian of Skryje-Tyrovice are (Czech Republic). Palaeontologia Bohemiae 5 (6): 36 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Vaněk
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FB5779EFFAEDFE71" box="[1277,1329,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed and figured specimens assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FAAA79CEFC12FE31" authority="(Salter, 1866 b)" baseAuthorityName="Salter" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Trilobita" family="Centropleuridae" genus="Plutonides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hicksi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FAAA79CEFA6DFE11" box="[1280,1457,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Plutonides hicksi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FC9C79AEFC1AFE31" author="Salter" box="[822,966,470,496]" firstAuthor="Salter" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="239 - 381" refId="ref29764" refString="SALTER J. W. 1866 b. - On the fossils of North Wales, in RAMSAY A. C. & SALTER J. W. (eds), The Geology of North Wales. Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London: 239 - 381." type="book chapter" year="1866" yearSuffix="b">Salter, 1866b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The illustrated cranidia on plate 1, figures 1, 2 and 6, only have S1 and S2 furrows with the typical shape of those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FC0D7A6FFBC5FDF1" box="[935,1049,534,560]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FC0D7A6FFBC5FDF1" box="[935,1049,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they are here assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FA9C7A6FFA75FDF1" box="[1334,1449,534,560]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FA9C7A6FFA75FDF1" box="[1334,1449,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimens illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FBE07A4EFB24FD91" author="Fletcher" box="[1098,1272,566,592]" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="35 - 56" refId="ref25012" refString="FLETCHER T. P. 2007. - Correlating the zones of ' Paradoxides hicksii ' and ' Paradoxides davidis ' in Cambrian Series 3. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 33: 35 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115510701586855" type="journal article" year="2007">Fletcher (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B51FF824959FA9C7A4EFC17FDB1" author="Fletcher & Greene" firstAuthor="Fletcher" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" pagination="503 - 518" refId="ref25109" refString="FLETCHER T. P. & GREENE B. A. 2013. - An unusual mid-Cambrian faunule from St. John's Island, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50 (5): 503 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2012 - 0119" type="journal article" year="2013">Fletcher & Greene (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FBFB7A2EFCABFD51" authorityName="Bergstrom & Levi-Setti" authorityYear="1978" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="davidis" subGenus="Paradoxides" subSpecies="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FBFB7A2EFB17FDB1" box="[1105,1227,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Paradoxides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FB717A2EFA89FDB1" box="[1243,1365,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Paradoxides</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FACF7A2EFCABFD51" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">davidis davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show the characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D23FF824959FB0B7A0FFACFFD51" box="[1185,1299,630,656]" class="Trilobita" family="Paradoxididae" genus="Paradoxides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Redlichiida" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="davidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAB2FF824959FB0B7A0FFACFFD51" box="[1185,1299,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1070">Pa. davidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and are hence assigned to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |