257 lines
26 KiB
XML
257 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="74EEA73FE540D9A414860B52321E5CFB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5174634" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5174634" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628337614924" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Figueroa, Luis, Edmonds, W. D. & Meza-Velez, Felipe" docDate="2012" docId="0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0248.1-8.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2012 (248)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gromphas amazonica Bates 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFAA8646FFA4FFFEE42DFFD28472FFA4" masterDocTitle="The genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 in Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699045338610" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F646F7DC57CDE975974CE5C13198455C">
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<mods:title id="D169C7D018C6A3E235DB88DA7174C881">The genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 in Peru (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4D4715E1FE31F123D6F7E86BA4AA66FF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79EE74A6015545C18AD0D201A418EADF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="452C9FDECCAB2F49A5B95196670A97E0">Figueroa, Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1E946E76ED80E6E2DB3759CF57AA67E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE29D585EC69A67CC8F6FAC28D266948">Edmonds, W. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="923493217FA5C31C00D8D7AD6F0BF0F4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E6AC390254B19F56CB27D417D6AC14A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9702C08DD293A625B092BCE46E6C8759">Meza-Velez, Felipe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FD705FFE62AFA319B0FF7B052B49D5AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C748E82FC73E54F0C394335CE52C81D0">
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<mods:title id="EBC354274BBCFD67D4CDF259EBAC0A8E">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="62FAFDFA2C33E0EC27AF7A77B5E817E5">
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<mods:date id="689595BFD2F0512C65020DD53886B017">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="842BFC4FD18C3BE2A66AF4170CA71297" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="CD2E516BE3D979395311AFF8C4D9C7AF">2012-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="977B960739B6DC741A5C8FB08E10E14A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CC11A09E1F616F9ABEC03003D3ED8C83">2012</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="58C95768B52902D7BE35E4208CBF9801" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="F108E2D7E895C0B268DC56B327015F41">248</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="D0B8D0CB4A55C869A1D422C9CF4D9F46" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="5222EF3DADA5E8085962956AEAFE1563">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="EE5AFB6FB6E76FFFCACD430B30F66D11">8</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="AF5D20DAA0ABC25EABA89E3CBF49EDFA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="321CA95F875EAFFAC5654729E9C78FBC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5174634</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="16072E7F7D52EE0AE5695DE542979501" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1EDD119081F5EF24AAFFBB8A8B6993F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5174634</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3201CA3FFA0FFFAE4EDFA7086FFFA1E" box="[192,653,1442,1466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B854F28FFA0FFFAE4EDFA7086FFFA1E" blockId="4.[192,653,1442,1498]" box="[192,653,1442,1466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0CDF844FFA0FFFAE4EDFA7086FFFA1E" bold="true" box="[192,653,1442,1466]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A34ABFFA0FFFAE4EDFA7086FFFA1E" ID-CoL="6KSGY" authority="Bates, 1870" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1870" box="[192,653,1442,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE4EDFA7086FFFA1E" bold="true" box="[192,653,1442,1466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE4EDFA70859DFA1E" bold="true" box="[192,495,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
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Bates, 1870
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3201CA3FFA0FFFAE4EDFA1085A0FA7E" box="[192,466,1474,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B854F28FFA0FFFAE4EDFA1085A0FA7E" blockId="4.[192,653,1442,1498]" box="[192,466,1474,1498]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE4E4FA108555FA7E" box="[201,295,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figures 1-5" captionStartId="7.[192,286,1836,1858]" captionText="Figures 1-5. Gromphas sp. 1-2. Gromphas aeruginosa, male habitus: 1) Lateral view; 2) Dorsal view. 3-4. Gromphas amazonica, female: 3) Dorsal habitus; 4) Head and pronotum. 5. Distribution of Gromphas in Peru (red triangles = G. amazonica; blue circles = G. aeruginosa)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3-4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE51FFA10850BFA7E" box="[306,377,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figures 6-13" captionStartId="8.[192,286,1367,1389]" captionText="Figures 6-13. Gromphas spp. 6-11. Gromphas aeruginosa: 6) Dorsal view head (arrow indicates notch at junction of clypeus and gena); 7) Pygidium; 8) Well developed pronotal prominence; 9) Elytron; 10) Antenna; 11) Pronotal sculpturing. 12-13. Gromphas amazonica: 12) Dorsal view of head; 13) Ventral view of anterior portion of metasternum." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">12-13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE5A9FA1085BAFA7E" box="[388,456,1474,1498]" captionStart="Figures 14-23" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1730,1752]" captionText="Figures 14-23. Gromphas spp. 14-18. Gromphas aeruginosa: 14) Left side of pterothorax; 15) Clypeal process; 16) Left tibia of male, anterior surface; 17) Same, posterior surface (arrow indicates pencil of setae); 18) Female protarsus. 19-23. Gromphas amazonica: 19) Female protarsus; 20) Ventral view of apex of male protibia (arrow indicates spine); 21) Ventral view of apex of female protibia; 22) Ventral view of basal portion of phallobase submerged in alcohol (arrow indicates fissure); 23) Same, air dried (arrow indicates fissure and groove)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">19-23</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3201CA3FFA0FFFBE4EDF9D0804BFF5E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B854F28FFA0FFFAE4EDF9D0809DF97E" blockId="4.[192,1441,1538,1755]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE4EDF9D0853AF9BE" bold="true" box="[192,328,1538,1562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Length
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<quantity id="4CC2E2CDFFA0FFFAE59FF9D0865CF9BE" box="[434,558,1538,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12-18 mm</quantity>
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. Dorsum shining black with weak dark green to blue highlights (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE11EF9D081E0F9BE" box="[1331,1426,1538,1562]" captionStart="Figures 1-5" captionStartId="7.[192,286,1836,1858]" captionText="Figures 1-5. Gromphas sp. 1-2. Gromphas aeruginosa, male habitus: 1) Lateral view; 2) Dorsal view. 3-4. Gromphas amazonica, female: 3) Dorsal habitus; 4) Head and pronotum. 5. Distribution of Gromphas in Peru (red triangles = G. amazonica; blue circles = G. aeruginosa)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3-4</figureCitation>
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||
). Clypeal margin slightly expanded and upturned near notch (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE7B0F9F08781F99E" box="[925,1011,1570,1594]" captionStart="Figures 6-13" captionStartId="8.[192,286,1367,1389]" captionText="Figures 6-13. Gromphas spp. 6-11. Gromphas aeruginosa: 6) Dorsal view head (arrow indicates notch at junction of clypeus and gena); 7) Pygidium; 8) Well developed pronotal prominence; 9) Elytron; 10) Antenna; 11) Pronotal sculpturing. 12-13. Gromphas amazonica: 12) Dorsal view of head; 13) Ventral view of anterior portion of metasternum." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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, arrow), not evenly curved. Head of both sexes with a weakly bituberculate, median gibbosity, never with a conical horn (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE095F990817DF9FE" box="[1208,1295,1602,1626]" captionStart="Figures 6-13" captionStartId="8.[192,286,1367,1389]" captionText="Figures 6-13. Gromphas spp. 6-11. Gromphas aeruginosa: 6) Dorsal view head (arrow indicates notch at junction of clypeus and gena); 7) Pygidium; 8) Well developed pronotal prominence; 9) Elytron; 10) Antenna; 11) Pronotal sculpturing. 12-13. Gromphas amazonica: 12) Dorsal view of head; 13) Ventral view of anterior portion of metasternum." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum of both sexes evenly convex, lacking any trace of a median prominence (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE037F9B0800BF9DE" box="[1050,1145,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figures 1-5" captionStartId="7.[192,286,1836,1858]" captionText="Figures 1-5. Gromphas sp. 1-2. Gromphas aeruginosa, male habitus: 1) Lateral view; 2) Dorsal view. 3-4. Gromphas amazonica, female: 3) Dorsal habitus; 4) Head and pronotum. 5. Distribution of Gromphas in Peru (red triangles = G. amazonica; blue circles = G. aeruginosa)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3-4</figureCitation>
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). Pronotum densely and finely granulate, granulation becoming almost effaced posteromedially. Inner apical angle of male protibia drawn out into an acute spine (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE67EF97086DCF91E" box="[595,686,1698,1722]" captionStart="Figures 14-23" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1730,1752]" captionText="Figures 14-23. Gromphas spp. 14-18. Gromphas aeruginosa: 14) Left side of pterothorax; 15) Clypeal process; 16) Left tibia of male, anterior surface; 17) Same, posterior surface (arrow indicates pencil of setae); 18) Female protarsus. 19-23. Gromphas amazonica: 19) Female protarsus; 20) Ventral view of apex of male protibia (arrow indicates spine); 21) Ventral view of apex of female protibia; 22) Ventral view of basal portion of phallobase submerged in alcohol (arrow indicates fissure); 23) Same, air dried (arrow indicates fissure and groove)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
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, arrow); outer edge of protibial spur of both sexes strongly expanded subapically (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE5FEF9108620F97E" box="[467,594,1730,1754]" captionStart="Figures 14-23" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1730,1752]" captionText="Figures 14-23. Gromphas spp. 14-18. Gromphas aeruginosa: 14) Left side of pterothorax; 15) Clypeal process; 16) Left tibia of male, anterior surface; 17) Same, posterior surface (arrow indicates pencil of setae); 18) Female protarsus. 19-23. Gromphas amazonica: 19) Female protarsus; 20) Ventral view of apex of male protibia (arrow indicates spine); 21) Ventral view of apex of female protibia; 22) Ventral view of basal portion of phallobase submerged in alcohol (arrow indicates fissure); 23) Same, air dried (arrow indicates fissure and groove)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 20-21</figureCitation>
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). Apical protarsal segment prolonged apically (
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE0A7F9108090F97E" box="[1162,1250,1730,1754]" captionStart="Figures 14-23" captionStartId="9.[192,286,1730,1752]" captionText="Figures 14-23. Gromphas spp. 14-18. Gromphas aeruginosa: 14) Left side of pterothorax; 15) Clypeal process; 16) Left tibia of male, anterior surface; 17) Same, posterior surface (arrow indicates pencil of setae); 18) Female protarsus. 19-23. Gromphas amazonica: 19) Female protarsus; 20) Ventral view of apex of male protibia (arrow indicates spine); 21) Ventral view of apex of female protibia; 22) Ventral view of basal portion of phallobase submerged in alcohol (arrow indicates fissure); 23) Same, air dried (arrow indicates fissure and groove)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B854F28FFA0FFFAE4EDF8D081D2F8DE" blockId="4.[192,1440,1794,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE4EDF8D0864AF8BE" bold="true" box="[192,568,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Geographical Distribution.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130153ADFFA0FFFAE66AF8D086FEF8BE" box="[583,652,1794,1818]" captionStart="Figures 1-5" captionStartId="7.[192,286,1836,1858]" captionText="Figures 1-5. Gromphas sp. 1-2. Gromphas aeruginosa, male habitus: 1) Lateral view; 2) Dorsal view. 3-4. Gromphas amazonica, female: 3) Dorsal habitus; 4) Head and pronotum. 5. Distribution of Gromphas in Peru (red triangles = G. amazonica; blue circles = G. aeruginosa)." pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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<materialsCitation id="3B524575FFA0FFFAE6B0F8D0856EF8DE" collectionCode="CCNN, MUSM" country="Brazil, Colombia" county="Recorded" elevation="224" latitude="-7.866667" location="Amazonian" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="-75.51667" municipality="In" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto">
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<collectingCounty id="62E437A4FFA0FFFAE6B0F8D08762F8BE" box="[669,784,1794,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Recorded</collectingCounty>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F32D0FB8FFA0FFFAE77AF8D08056F8BE" box="[855,1060,1794,1818]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Brazil, Colombia</collectingCountry>
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||
and
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<collectingCountry id="F32D0FB8FFA0FFFAE072F8D180EFF8BE" box="[1119,1181,1795,1818]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1D552FFA0FFFAE08AF8D180B1F8BE" box="[1191,1219,1795,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">In</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D0FB8FFA0FFFAE0E4F8D18176F8BE" box="[1225,1284,1795,1818]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Peru</collectingCountry>
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||
known from isolated localities in
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||
<location id="8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE594F8F08634F89E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E:8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE594F8F08634F89E" box="[441,582,1826,1850]" country="Brazil, Colombia" county="Recorded" latitude="-7.866667" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="-75.51667" municipality="In" name="Amazonian" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Loreto">Amazonian</location>
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||
lowlands of
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||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA0FFFAE6F0F8F18740F89E" box="[733,818,1827,1850]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA0FFFAE710F8F087BBF89E" box="[829,969,1826,1850]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">San Martin</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA0FFFAE029F8F08017F89E" box="[1028,1125,1826,1850]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE042F8F08092F89E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E:8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE042F8F08092F89E" box="[1135,1248,1826,1850]" country="Brazil, Colombia" county="Recorded" latitude="-7.866667" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="-75.51667" municipality="In" name="Peruvian" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Loreto">Peruvian</location>
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||
collecting data:
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||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE4EDF890854CF8FE" bold="true" box="[192,318,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA0FFFAE4EDF890854CF8FE" box="[192,318,1858,1882]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">LORETO</collectingRegion>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE562F8918666F8FE" bold="true" box="[335,532,1858,1882]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Prov.
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||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA0FFFAE58CF890867FF8FE" box="[417,525,1858,1882]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Distr. Padre Marquez,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2BD7EDFFA0FFFAE710F89087FCF8FE" box="[829,910,1858,1882]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">CCNN</collectionCode>
|
||
<location id="8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE7B5F8908069F8FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E:8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE7B5F8908069F8FF" box="[920,1051,1858,1883]" country="Brazil, Colombia" county="Recorded" latitude="-7.866667" longLatPrecision="1302" longitude="-75.51667" municipality="In" name="Santa Ana" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Loreto">Santa Ana</location>
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||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA0FFFAE003F890800EF8FE" box="[1070,1148,1857,1882]" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-7.866667">
|
||
7
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA0FFFAE010F8938037F8EB" attach="none" box="[1085,1093,1857,1871]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
|
||
52’S
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||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA0FFFAE0A7F890808AF8FE" box="[1162,1272,1857,1882]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-75.51667">
|
||
75
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA0FFFAE085F89380C2F8EB" attach="none" box="[1192,1200,1857,1871]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
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||
31' W
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||
</geoCoordinate>
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||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CC2E2CDFFA0FFFAE124F8908125F8FE" box="[1289,1367,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="224.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0017A81BFFA0FFFAE124F8908125F8FE" box="[1289,1367,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="224.0">224 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[Oct]
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BD7EDFFA0FFFAE4EDF8B0856EF8DE" box="[192,284,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B524575FFA0FFFAE508F8B081EBF8DE" box="[293,1433,1889,1914]" collectionCode="MUSM, WDEC" collectorName="Prov. El Porvenir" country="Brazil, Colombia" elevation="134" latitude="-7.35" location="Contamana" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="-75.01667" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin">
|
||
<location id="8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE508F8B085C6F8DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393FE3EFFA0FFFBE4EDFA708799FE7E:8EE519F3FFA0FFFAE508F8B085C6F8DE" box="[293,436,1890,1914]" country="Brazil, Colombia" latitude="-7.35" longLatPrecision="1303" longitude="-75.01667" name="Contamana" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="San Martin">Contamana</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA0FFFAE5EEF8B08662F8DE" box="[451,528,1889,1914]" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-7.35">
|
||
7
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA0FFFAE5FFF8B385A8F8CB" attach="none" box="[466,474,1889,1903]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
|
||
21’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA0FFFAE636F8B086F2F8DE" box="[539,640,1889,1914]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-75.01667">
|
||
75
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA0FFFAE615F8B38632F8CB" attach="none" box="[568,576,1889,1903]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
|
||
01’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CC2E2CDFFA0FFFAE6A0F8B086A5F8DE" box="[653,727,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="134.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0017A81BFFA0FFFAE6A0F8B086A5F8DE" box="[653,727,1890,1914]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
[Dec]
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BD7EDFFA0FFFAE70FF8B0870FF8DE" box="[802,893,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BD7EDFFA0FFFAE7AAF8B087ACF8DE" box="[903,990,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">WDEC</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE7CBF8B080D6F8DE" bold="true" box="[998,1188,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA0FFFAE7CBF8B080D6F8DE" box="[998,1188,1890,1914]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">SAN MARTIN</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA0FFFAE09DF8B181EBF8DE" bold="true" box="[1200,1433,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<collectorName id="26CF2AFEFFA0FFFAE09DF8B181EBF8DE" box="[1200,1433,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Prov. El Porvenir</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B854F28FFA1FFFBE4EDFF11804BFF5E" blockId="5.[192,1440,193,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Bosque El Pelejo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA1FFFBE5B5FF108594FF7E" box="[408,486,193,218]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-6.266667">
|
||
6
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA1FFFBE585FF1385C2FF6B" attach="right" box="[424,432,193,207]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
16’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA1FFFBE5DCFF10862AFF7E" box="[497,600,193,218]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-75.833336">
|
||
75
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA1FFFBE622FF138665FF6B" attach="none" box="[527,535,193,207]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
50’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="4CC2E2CDFFA1FFFBE64BFF1086C2FF7E" box="[614,688,194,218]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.61" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="161.0">161 m</quantity>
|
||
[May] MUSM.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA1FFFBE744FF10879FFF7E" bold="true" box="[873,1005,194,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA1FFFBE744FF10879FFF7E" box="[873,1005,194,218]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">UCAYALI</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA1FFFBE7D6FF11815DFF7E" bold="true" box="[1019,1327,194,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA1FFFBE7D6FF11815AFF7E" bold="true" box="[1019,1320,194,218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Prov. Coronel Portillo</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pucallpa (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA1FFFBE4E7FF30856AFF5E" box="[202,280,225,250]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-8.416667">
|
||
8
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA1FFFBE4F5FF338492FF4B" attach="none" box="[216,224,225,239]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
25’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA1FFFBE509FF3085F8FF5E" box="[292,394,225,250]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-74.46667">
|
||
74
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA1FFFBE56FFF338538FF4B" attach="none" box="[322,330,225,239]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
28’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) [Aug] MUSM, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA1FFFBE67BFF3086D6FF5E" box="[598,676,225,250]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-8.366667">
|
||
8
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA1FFFBE649FF33861EFF4B" attach="none" box="[612,620,225,239]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
22’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E29EFFFA1FFFBE69DFF308764FF5E" box="[688,790,225,250]" degrees="74" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" precision="925" value="-74.566666">
|
||
74
|
||
<superScript id="7C4FE260FFA1FFFBE6E3FF3386A4FF4B" attach="none" box="[718,726,225,239]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">o</superScript>
|
||
34’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) [Jul-Aug, Dec] CMNC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3201CA3FFA1FFFBE4EDFEF08799FE7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B854F28FFA1FFFBE4EDFEF08799FE7E" blockId="5.[192,1440,290,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA1FFFBE4EDFEF0855CFE9E" bold="true" box="[192,302,290,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
. The ecology of this species is not understood. Specimens examined with precise data were collected with pitfall traps baited with human feces in forest habitats; in one case, several individuals were found in secondary growth associated with mandioca cultivation (cassava, “yuca”;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A34ABFFA1FFFBE0E4FEB0856BFE3E" authority="Crantz" authorityName="Crantz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA1FFFBE0E4FEB081D2FEDE" box="[1225,1440,354,378]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Manihot esculenta</emphasis>
|
||
Crantz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Trond Larsen (pers. comm.) points out the possibility that it may be a narrow ecological specialist; he has not collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A34ABFFA1FFFBE5F7FE71860FFE1E" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1870" box="[474,637,419,442]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94E933AFFA1FFFBE5F7FE71860FFE1E" box="[474,637,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">G. amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during several years of intensive collection and ecological monitoring of the dung beetle fauna in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FE81CAFFA1FFFBE617FE10869BFE7E" box="[570,745,450,474]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Madre de Díos</collectingRegion>
|
||
(southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D0FB8FFA1FFFBE7B2FE1087ACFE7E" box="[927,990,450,474]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |