814 lines
140 KiB
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814 lines
140 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F6303E02A05D8D77A58252631C1A1344">New remains of Neotropical bunodont litopterns and the systematics of Megadolodinae (Mammalia: Litopterna)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="B1A59DC6E196A3A664286596B2D756B1">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<treatment id="F7748797067DFFF4FF49FB876A029C74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8319192" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7748797067DFFF4FF49FB876A029C74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7748797067DFFF4FF49FB876A029C74" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
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<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D02067DFFE9FF49FB876D9B9AD5" authority="Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[177,730,1492,1520]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Litopterna" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus" subFamily="Megadolodinae">
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<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FF49FB876EFA9ACB" bold="true" box="[177,443,1494,1520]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FE3BFB856D9B9AD5" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[451,730,1492,1518]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FE74FBA56E8D9935" box="[396,460,1524,1550]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1872,1889]" captionTargetId="graphics-479@6.[775,1318,317,1326]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographical and stratigraphic occurrence of the new specimens of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956 and Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, map of northern South America showing the location where other Neotropical bunodont litopterns have been found including La Venta (that records Megadolodus McKenna, 1956 and Neodolodus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986), the Cocinetas basin (that records Neodolodus) and Urumaco (that records Bounodus enigmaticus (Carlini, Gelfo & Sánchez, 2006); B, geologic map of La Venta area (modified from Montes et al. 2021) showing the localities where the new specimens of Megadolodus and Neodolodus where found. The colors in the map correspond to the cartographic units shown in the stratigraphic scheme; C, stratigraphic scheme of the Honda Group (modified from Benites-Palomino et al. 2020) showing the cartographic units of Montes et al. (2021), the stratigraphic levels (StL) of (Mora-Rojas et al. 2023), and the stratigraphic position of the newMegadolodus and Neodolodus specimens.Bed abbreviations:StL 1, Bed set be-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319170/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FE22FBA56EBE9935" box="[474,511,1524,1551]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStart-3="FIG" captionStartId-0="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionStartId-1="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionStartId-2="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionStartId-3="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetBox-1="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetBox-2="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetBox-3="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId-1="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId-2="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId-3="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionText-0="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." captionText-2="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." captionText-3="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">5-8</figureCitation>
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)
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<subSubSection id="37C7650A067DFFE9FF7CF8606EC298D7" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" type="materials_examined">
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. — Specimen
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<collectionCode id="19CCAE44067DFFE9FE79F8616E929973" box="[385,467,1584,1608]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">MNHN</collectionCode>
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.F.VIV9, partial right mandible bearing p3-m3 (
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<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FEDCF81A6E319958" box="[292,368,1611,1635]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FF7CF82F6E93980F" blockId="14.[132,775,1661,1844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
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<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FF16F8D26E0D99AF" baselines="1680" box="[238,332,1667,1684]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="19CCAE44067DFFE9FE8FF82F6E8199AE" box="[375,448,1662,1685]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">VPPLT</collectionCode>
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183, isolated right M1 (
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<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FD49F82C6DBA99AE" box="[689,763,1661,1685]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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).
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<collectionCode id="19CCAE44067DFFE9FF7CF8C96F8F9994" box="[132,206,1688,1711]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">VPPLT</collectionCode>
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1696, almost complete skull with left and right?I2 and P1-M3 (
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<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FF21F8E36E7D99F1" box="[217,316,1714,1738]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStartId-0="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionStartId-1="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetBox-1="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId-0="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId-1="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." captionText-1="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Figs 5-6A</figureCitation>
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). Partial mandible with complete right and left dentition except for left?i2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FE5EF89C6EA199DF" box="[422,480,1741,1765]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B, D). Partial right scapula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FF74F8B66F9699C4" box="[140,215,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
), partial right tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FE61F8B66EA399C4" box="[409,482,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), left metacarpal III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FD48F8B66DBB99C4" box="[688,762,1767,1791]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), right metatarsal III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FEBDF9536ED19821" box="[325,400,1794,1818]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and fragments of undetermined (possibly for metapodials III) phalanx.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FF7CF91E6EC298D7" blockId="14.[130,777,1871,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FF7CF91E6FF2985E" baselines="1888,1889" box="[132,179,1871,1894]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FF4FF9056E4F985E" baselines="1889" box="[183,270,1876,1893]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FEEAF9056E7B985E" baselines="1889" box="[274,314,1876,1893]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">AND</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FEC6F9056EDF985E" baselines="1889" box="[318,414,1876,1893]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="horizons" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">HORIZONS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. —
|
||
<collectionCode id="19CCAE44067DFFE9FE3CF91E6D4B985D" box="[452,522,1871,1894]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">VPPLT</collectionCode>
|
||
183 comes from Kilómetro 121 (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1AE95046067DFFE9FF4EF9386E6198BA" box="[182,288,1897,1921]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" precision="15" seconds="29" value="3.324722">3°19’29”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1AE95046067DFFE9FED1F9386EE298BA" box="[297,419,1897,1921]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-75.18194">75°10’55”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), La Victoria Formation in the bed set below the Cerbatana conglomerate (StL 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FDE4F9D56DB898A7" author="MORA-ROJAS L. & CARDENAS A. & JARAMILLO C. & SILVESTRO D. & BAYONA G. & ZAPATA S. & MORENO F. & SILVA C. & MORENO-BERNAL J. W. & JARAMILLO J. S. & VALENCIA V. & IBANEZ M." box="[540,761,1924,1948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="197 - 221" refId="ref23995" refString="MORA-ROJAS L., CARDENAS A., JARAMILLO C., SILVESTRO D., BAYONA G., ZAPATA S., MORENO F., SILVA C., MORENO-BERNAL J. W., JARAMILLO J. S., VALENCIA V. & IBANEZ M. 2023. - Stratigraphy of a middle Miocene neotropical Lagerstatte (La Venta Site, Colombia). Geodiversitas 45 (6): 197 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / geodiversitas 2023 v 45 a 6. http: // geodiversitas. com / 45 / 6" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Mora-Rojas
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FD6DF9D46D8398A7" box="[661,706,1924,1948]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="19CCAE44067DFFE9FF7CF9CE6F8C988D" box="[132,205,1951,1974]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">VPPLT</collectionCode>
|
||
1696 comes from Piedra Gorda, San Nicolás (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1AE95046067DFFE9FD6DF9CF6C42988D" box="[661,771,1950,1974]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" precision="15" seconds="45" value="3.2791667">3°16’45”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1AE95046067DFFE9FF7CF9E86E4098EA" box="[132,257,1977,2001]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-75.19611">75°11’46”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Villavieja Formation, Monkey beds (StL 9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FD33F9E86E6698D0" author="MORA-ROJAS L. & CARDENAS A. & JARAMILLO C. & SILVESTRO D. & BAYONA G. & ZAPATA S. & MORENO F. & SILVA C. & MORENO-BERNAL J. W. & JARAMILLO J. S. & VALENCIA V. & IBANEZ M." pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="197 - 221" refId="ref23995" refString="MORA-ROJAS L., CARDENAS A., JARAMILLO C., SILVESTRO D., BAYONA G., ZAPATA S., MORENO F., SILVA C., MORENO-BERNAL J. W., JARAMILLO J. S., VALENCIA V. & IBANEZ M. 2023. - Stratigraphy of a middle Miocene neotropical Lagerstatte (La Venta Site, Colombia). Geodiversitas 45 (6): 197 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / geodiversitas 2023 v 45 a 6. http: // geodiversitas. com / 45 / 6" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Mora-Rojas
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FF38F9856FAE98D0" box="[192,239,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FEC5F9826E3798D0" box="[317,374,2003,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1872,1889]" captionTargetId="graphics-479@6.[775,1318,317,1326]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Geographical and stratigraphic occurrence of the new specimens of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956 and Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, map of northern South America showing the location where other Neotropical bunodont litopterns have been found including La Venta (that records Megadolodus McKenna, 1956 and Neodolodus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986), the Cocinetas basin (that records Neodolodus) and Urumaco (that records Bounodus enigmaticus (Carlini, Gelfo & Sánchez, 2006); B, geologic map of La Venta area (modified from Montes et al. 2021) showing the localities where the new specimens of Megadolodus and Neodolodus where found. The colors in the map correspond to the cartographic units shown in the stratigraphic scheme; C, stratigraphic scheme of the Honda Group (modified from Benites-Palomino et al. 2020) showing the cartographic units of Montes et al. (2021), the stratigraphic levels (StL) of (Mora-Rojas et al. 2023), and the stratigraphic position of the newMegadolodus and Neodolodus specimens.Bed abbreviations:StL 1, Bed set be-" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319170/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37C7650A067DFFE9FCD5FE896A0D9FCB" box="[813,1356,215,240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCD5FE896A0D9FCB" blockId="14.[813,1356,215,240]" box="[813,1356,215,240]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FCD5FE896CD69FD5" baselines="233,234" box="[813,919,216,239]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Same as for the genus due to monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37C7650A067DFFE9FCD5FF496CA49DEB" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCD5FF496CD09E0B" blockId="14.[811,1456,280,720]" box="[813,913,280,306]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FCD5FF496CD09E0B" baselines="299,299" box="[813,913,280,306]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCD5FF666A219D0A" blockId="14.[811,1456,280,720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Previously known craniodental and postcranial material referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D02067DFFE9FC64FF066BD29E4A" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[924,1171,343,369]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FC64FF066BD29E4A" box="[924,1171,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included partial mandibles that preserved p2, p3, p4, m1, m2 and m3. Partial premaxilla with?I2, and maxillae that preserved P2, P3, P4, M1, M2 and M3 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="325F033A067DFFE9FC9AFFE76CEF9EEA" box="[866,942,438,465]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[134,143,722,739]" captionTargetBox="[134,1445,820,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-853@12.[265,883,158,710]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dental loci known for the bunodont litopterns from La Venta. Abbreviations: al, alveolus; T, tooth; pT, partial tooth. New data from the specimens described in this work are marked in red." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BA26609067FFFEBFF7EFC836E9D9DC1" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" tableUuid="2BA26609067FFFEBFF7EFC836E9D9DC1">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The known postcranial elements include partial humerus, radii, metacarpal III and II or IV, manual phalanx, partial pelvis, femur, tibia, astragalus, calcaneus, metatarsal III and pedal phalange (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FBF5FC476A109D0B" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." box="[1037,1361,534,560]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F863067DFFE9FB8DFC476B969D0B" box="[1141,1239,534,560]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCBBFC676CA49DEB" blockId="14.[811,1456,280,720]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Previously known specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D02067DFFE9FB1EFC676A1A9D6B" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[1254,1371,566,592]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FB1EFC676A1A9D6B" box="[1254,1371,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not preserve the rostral portion of the cranium and mandible, and the new material clarifies the number and morphology of the upper and lower incisors, canines and anterior premolars (
|
||
<tableCitation id="325F033A067DFFE9FC7DFCE46C949DEB" box="[901,981,693,720]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="12.[134,143,722,739]" captionTargetBox="[134,1445,820,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-853@12.[265,883,158,710]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. — Dental loci known for the bunodont litopterns from La Venta. Abbreviations: al, alveolus; T, tooth; pT, partial tooth. New data from the specimens described in this work are marked in red." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BA26609067FFFEBFF7EFC836E9D9DC1" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" tableUuid="2BA26609067FFFEBFF7EFC836E9D9DC1">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="37C7650A067DFFF4FCD5FCA76A029C74" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCD5FCA76CFC9C35" blockId="14.[811,1458,758,2028]" box="[813,957,758,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067DFFE9FCD5FCA76CFC9C35" baselines="777,777" box="[813,957,758,784]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCD5FD476A4C9B95" blockId="14.[811,1458,758,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
VPPLT 1696 preserves most of the cranium although many parts are damaged with cracks and crushed fragments of bone. Parts of the maxilla, palatines, the left zygomatic arch, the nasal, frontal, squamosal, parietal, alisphenoid and occipital bones, and most of the mandible are preserved but, except for teeth, the bad state of preservation does not permit to describe subtle anatomical details (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FB4BFD856BB79CD4" box="[1203,1270,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FAFFFD856A6B9CD4" box="[1287,1322,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FACFFD846AE39CD4" box="[1335,1442,981,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">7A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). VPPLT 1696 is referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D02067DFFE9FBB3FDA56B809B35" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[1099,1217,1012,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FBB3FDA56B809B35" box="[1099,1217,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on its small size (
|
||
<tableCitation id="325F033A067DFFE9FCCEFA456CC79B14" box="[822,902,1044,1071]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="18.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 5. — Craniodental measurements (in mm) of specimens of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986 from La Venta assemblage.*, type specimen, taken from Hoffstetter & Soria (1986); **, taken from Cifelli & Guerrero Díaz (1989); #, estimated due to specimen breakage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" tableUuid="2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), brachydont and bunodont dentition, the absence of a mesostyle on P3-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FBD7FA656BC09B74" box="[1071,1153,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FB74FA656BEE9B75" box="[1164,1199,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), a small paraconid present on p3 but absent on p4-m3, and the isolated entoconid on m1-3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FC65FA256B509BB5" box="[925,1041,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 7B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FBD3FA256A7F9BB5" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[1067,1342,1140,1166]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FAB5FA256B469B95" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F863067DFFE9FCD5FAC56CCE9B95" box="[813,911,1172,1198]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067DFFE9FBEDFAC56BBE9B95" author="MCGRATH A. & ANAYA F. & CROFT D." box="[1045,1279,1172,1198]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref23497" refString="MCGRATH A., ANAYA F. & CROFT D. 2020 a. - New Proterotheriids from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and body size and diversity trends in Proterotheriid and Macraucheniid Litopterns (Mammalia). Ameghiniana 57 (2): 159 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / amgh. 03.03.2020.3268" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
McGrath
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FB78FAC46BF59B95" box="[1152,1204,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFE9FCBBFAE56A6F9870" blockId="14.[811,1458,758,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
The cranium measures
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067DFFE9FBBDFAE46B179BF5" box="[1093,1110,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">c.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="B8259B64067DFFE9FBA5FAE56BF99BF5" box="[1117,1208,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="14" pageNumber="421" unit="cm" value="10.5">10.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
from the most caudal point of the sagittal crest to the most rostral point of the snout between the incisors. It is damaged, lacking portions of the prexamilla and maxilla. Due to the preservation, no sutures or synchondrosis are clearly visible. In ventral view, the palate looks narrow, but it is unclear whether this is due to a slight post-mortem mediolateral compression of the cranium or represents the unaltered morphology. The choanae open directly posteromedially to the distal edges of the M3, with a rounded rostral edge. From there, the basipharyngeal canal is bordered laterally by the sagittally-oriented ectopterygoid crests, up to the auditory region caudally. In lateral view, the rostrum is low and elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FB9EF8636BF79976" box="[1126,1206,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The orbit is large, with a large frontal postorbital process of the frontal posteriorly. The zygomatic arch does not extend much laterally but this might be due in part to postmortem deformation. In dorsal view, the temporal lines are concave caudally, extending from the caudal margin of the orbit and meeting on the roof of the cranium at the level of the rostral edge of the posterior root of the zygomatic arch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FBE7F9436B309817" box="[1055,1137,1809,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The union of these temporal lines forms a well-defined sagittal crest caudally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067DFFF7FCBBF9006E8A9A36" blockId="14.[811,1458,758,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[130,777,917,2028]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">
|
||
The mesial-most pair of the upper teeth (?I2) are developed into tusks, which are triangular in cross-section and curved ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A04067DFFE9FC63F9C06CB09890" box="[923,1009,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="421">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The most apical portion of the tusks is not preserved, and is not possible to assess if the upper tusks touched with the lower ones, as it appears to be the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FF7CFDC46E489C94" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[132,265,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FF7CFDC46E489C94" box="[132,265,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FEEFFDC46E299C94" box="[279,360,917,943]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1940,1957]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@11.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 3. — Mandible and lower dentition of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna,1956: A, VPPLT 974 in medial (top), occlusal (middle) and lateral (bottom) views; the lateral view was digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the lingual view; B, holotype of M. molariformis (UCMP 39270) in lingual (top), occlusal (middle) and labial (bottom) views; the labial view was digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the lingual view; C, VPPLT 974 in rostral view showing the alveoli of?i2; D, detail of m3 (VPPLT 974) in occlusal view; E, detail of the p2-m3. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319180" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319180/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FE6DFDC46D4B9C94" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[405,522,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FE6DFDC46D4B9C94" box="[405,522,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the crown of P1 is simple with a single centrally-located cusp with a crest extending mesially, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FED8FD856EE79CD5" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[288,422,980,1006]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FED8FD856EE79CD5" box="[288,422,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal portion of the crown has an oblique wear facet oriented distolingually (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FD55FDA56C439B34" box="[685,770,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FF7CFA456FE89B15" box="[132,169,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The P2 also has one cusp, located on the labial side and positioned mesial of the midline of the tooth. The tooth exhibits a lingual basin which is stretched distomesially and bordered by a distolingual cingulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FDE7FA256D339BB4" box="[543,626,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FD87FA256DE29BB5" box="[639,675,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A small cusp was also likely present on the distolingual edge of this basin, but the wear stage of the tooth precludes a definite statement on this morphology. On the distolabial border of the crown there is a metastyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2BA26609067CFFE8FF7CF9936EAA98D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="422" startId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F623681067CFFE8FF7CF9936EAA98D2" blockId="15.[132,1457,1986,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D067CFFE8FF7CF9936FDC98E9" baselines="1999,1999" box="[132,157,1986,2003]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="15" pageNumber="422">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D02067CFFE8FE43F9936C2298E8" authority="Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[443,867,1986,2003]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067CFFE8FE43F9936DCE98E8" box="[443,655,1986,2003]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="422">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B70067CFFE8FD6CF9936C2298E8" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[660,867,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="422" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria,1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067CFFE8FC92F9936C3698E8" bold="true" box="[874,887,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="422">A</emphasis>
|
||
, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067CFFE8FB2DF9936BA398E8" bold="true" box="[1237,1250,1986,2003]" pageId="15" pageNumber="422">B</emphasis>
|
||
, cranium in ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA93067CFFE8FF7CF9896FD398D2" bold="true" box="[132,146,2008,2025]" pageId="15" pageNumber="422">C</emphasis>
|
||
, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2BA266090663FFF7FF7CFD626C369C61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" startId="16.[132,143,819,836]" targetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810663FFF7FF7CFD626C369C61" blockId="16.[132,1455,819,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D0663FFF7FF7CFD626FDC9C78" baselines="832,832" box="[132,157,819,836]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FE47FD626C2E9C7F" authority="Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[447,879,819,836]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FE47FD626DD49C7F" box="[447,661,819,836]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FD63FD626C2E9C7F" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[667,879,819,836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FC8EFD626CC29C7F" bold="true" box="[886,899,819,836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">A</emphasis>
|
||
, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696);
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FAA9FD626A1C9C7F" bold="true" box="[1361,1373,819,836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">B</emphasis>
|
||
, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FEABFD186E319C61" bold="true" box="[339,368,841,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">top</emphasis>
|
||
), lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FE47FD186EBA9C61" bold="true" box="[447,507,841,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">middle</emphasis>
|
||
) and distal (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FD99FD186DE09C61" bold="true" box="[609,673,841,858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">bottom</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810663FFF7FF63FB426D3C9850" blockId="16.[130,777,917,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
The upper premolars and molars of VPPLT 1696 increase in size from P3 to M2 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="325F033A0663FFF7FE77FB626EA19A75" box="[399,480,1331,1358]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="18.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 5. — Craniodental measurements (in mm) of specimens of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986 from La Venta assemblage.*, type specimen, taken from Hoffstetter & Soria (1986); **, taken from Cifelli & Guerrero Díaz (1989); #, estimated due to specimen breakage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" tableUuid="2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
), and the M3 is similar in size to P4, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FEBBFB026DBE9A56" authority="(Cifelli & Villarroel 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[323,767,1363,1389]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FEBBFB026E8C9A56" box="[323,461,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FE25FB026DB69A56" author="CIFELLI R. L. & VILLARROEL C." box="[477,759,1363,1389]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="265 - 288" refId="ref21086" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & VILLARROEL C. 1997. - Paleobiology and affinites of Megadolodus, in KAY R. F., MADDEN R. H., CIFELLI R. L. & FLYNN J. J. (eds), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London: 265 - 288." type="book chapter" year="1997">Cifelli & Villarroel 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FF7CFB226D0B9AB6" box="[132,586,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
Anisoplophus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FEE7FB226EF59AB6" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[287,436,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Proterotheriidae" genus="Diadiaphorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Litopterna" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diadiaphorus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FE39FB226D0B9AB6" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[449,586,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megadolodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FD7EFB226C469AB6" box="[646,775,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FD7EFB226C429AB6" authorityName="Cifelli & Guerrero" authorityYear="1997" box="[646,771,1395,1421]" class="Mammalia" family="Proterotheriidae" genus="Villarroelia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Villarroelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FEF1FBC26EFB9A96" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1894" box="[265,442,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Proterotheriidae" genus="Tetramerorhinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FEF1FBC26EFB9A96" box="[265,442,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Tetramerorhinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the M3 is larger or of similar size to M1-2. The P3-4 are partly molariform, they have a well-developed protocone, paracone and metacone, but they lack a fully individualized hypocone (an incipient cingulum-derived hypocone is visible on P4) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FD80F8436D8A9916" box="[632,715,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FD2FF8436DBA9916" box="[727,763,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FF46F8636E059977" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[190,324,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FF46F8636E059977" box="[190,324,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FEACF8636E829976" box="[340,451,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,184,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-14@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. — Upper dentition of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956 (VPPLT 1588): A, left P1 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and distal (bottom) views;B, left P2 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and distal (bottom) views; C, left P3 or P4 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; D, fragment of left maxilla with M1-3 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; E, right P3 or P4 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; the photos were digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the left dentition;F, detail of M1-3 in occlusal view;G, reconstruction of the left upper cheekteeth of M. molariformis based on VPPLT 1588. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319176/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 2C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), there is a parastyle and metastyle on the ectoloph of the P3 and P4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FDC3F8036DF09957" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[571,689,1618,1644]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FDC3F8036DF09957" box="[571,689,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but no mesostyle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FF03F8236E0F99B7" box="[251,334,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two faint labial ridges are visible on the labial wall of the paracone and metacone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FDACF8C36DE99996" box="[596,680,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FD4DF8C36D989997" box="[693,729,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). As seen in other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FE4AF8E36D6999F7" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[434,552,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FE4AF8E36D6999F7" box="[434,552,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FDC1F8E36FB999D7" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630663FFF7FD5DF8E36C4699F7" box="[677,775,1714,1740]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the posterior premolars of VPPLT 1696 have a thick mesiolingual cingulum that defines a small basin directed labiolingually. The paraconule and metaconule are distinct, the former being connected to the protocone by the preprotocrista, whereas the latter is isolated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FDE6F9006D2F9857" box="[542,622,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810663FFF7FF63F9206B6F9AB5" blockId="16.[130,777,917,2028]" lastBlockId="16.[811,1457,917,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
The upper molars exhibit a labially protruding mesostyle, especially on M1-2. The parastyle and metastyle are less developed than the mesostyle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FE34F9E06D5E98F0" box="[460,543,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A cingulum of varying thickness is present at both labial corners at the base of the crown, as described in other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FAC0FDC46AF09C94" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[1336,1457,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FAC0FDC46AF09C94" box="[1336,1457,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FCCEFDE46B3F9CF4" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." box="[822,1150,949,975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630663FFF7FC58FDE46B439CF4" box="[928,1026,949,975]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All the upper molars have a postcingulum-derived hypocone (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FB57FD856A429CD4" box="[1199,1283,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FAE8FD856A759CD4" box="[1296,1332,980,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paracone and metacone are well-defined and not connected to the paraconule or metaconule. As in
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FB46FA456A0A9B15" box="[1214,1355,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FB46FA456A069B15" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[1214,1351,1044,1070]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megadolodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
there are two ridges on the labial flank of the paracone and metacone, although in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FC45FA056B789B55" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[957,1081,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FC45FA056B789B55" box="[957,1081,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these ridges are more developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FCCEFA256CC79BB4" box="[822,902,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1917,1934]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,184,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-14@10.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 2. — Upper dentition of Megadolodus molariformis McKenna, 1956 (VPPLT 1588): A, left P1 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and distal (bottom) views;B, left P2 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and distal (bottom) views; C, left P3 or P4 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; D, fragment of left maxilla with M1-3 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; E, right P3 or P4 in labial (top), occlusal (middle) and lingual (bottom) views; the photos were digitally reversed to show the same orientation as the left dentition;F, detail of M1-3 in occlusal view;G, reconstruction of the left upper cheekteeth of M. molariformis based on VPPLT 1588. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319176/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FC69FA256CF49BB5" box="[913,949,1140,1166]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The upper molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FB5EFA256A5D9BB5" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[1190,1308,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FB5EFA256A5D9BB5" box="[1190,1308,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also exhibit a thick mesiolingual cingulum that forms a basin just like on P3-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FC96FAE56CFE9BF5" box="[878,959,1204,1231]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[132,143,1986,2003]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-16@15.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 5. — Skull and upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria,1986: A, cranium (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;B, cranium in ventral view; C, cranium in dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FC30FAE56CA89BF5" box="[968,1001,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FC06FAE56A769BF5" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." box="[1022,1335,1204,1230]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630663FFF7FB99FAE56B839BF5" box="[1121,1218,1204,1230]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The paraconule is connected by the preprotocrista to the protocone, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FCB1FAA26BB79A35" authority=", (Cifelli & Villarroel 1997)" authorityName=", (Cifelli & Villarroel" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[841,1270,1267,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FCB1FAA26C8E9A36" box="[841,975,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
, (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FC1DFAA26BAF9A35" author="CIFELLI R. L. & VILLARROEL C." box="[997,1262,1267,1294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="265 - 288" refId="ref21086" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & VILLARROEL C. 1997. - Paleobiology and affinites of Megadolodus, in KAY R. F., MADDEN R. H., CIFELLI R. L. & FLYNN J. J. (eds), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London: 265 - 288." type="book chapter" year="1997">Cifelli & Villarroel 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The metaconule is isolated from other cusps in all the molars. The hypocone is small and connected to the protocone on M3 by a small lingual crista (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FC3FFB026B5B9A56" box="[967,1050,1363,1389]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[132,143,819,836]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetId="figure-778@16.[180,1408,215,777]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 6. — Detail of upper dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, left upper cheekteeth in occlusal view (VPPLT 1696); B, right M1 (VPPLT 183) in occlusal (top), lingual (middle) and distal (bottom) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319188/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FAC1FB026B679AB6" authority="(McGrath et al. 2020 a)" baseAuthorityName="McGrath" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FAC1FB026AEE9A56" box="[1337,1455,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700663FFF7FCCEFB226B5E9AB6" author="MCGRATH A. & ANAYA F. & CROFT D." box="[822,1055,1395,1421]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref23497" refString="MCGRATH A., ANAYA F. & CROFT D. 2020 a. - New Proterotheriids from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and body size and diversity trends in Proterotheriid and Macraucheniid Litopterns (Mammalia). Ameghiniana 57 (2): 159 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / amgh. 03.03.2020.3268" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
McGrath
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FC58FB256C959AB6" box="[928,980,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810663FFF7FCBBFBC26BA69857" blockId="16.[811,1457,917,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
The mandible of VPPLT 1696 preserves most of the right and left horizontal rami and part of the left ascending ramus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FCCEFB826CC89AD6" box="[822,905,1491,1517]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mandibular symphysis extends caudally until the level of the p2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FC0EFBA26B049936" box="[1014,1093,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Of the two mesial-most incisors, only the crown of the right?i2 is preserved. It is spatulate with flat lingual and labial faces. The base of the crown of the right and left?i3 are preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FB5FF8036A569957" box="[1191,1303,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The?i3 have flat lingual and convex labial faces, separated by medial and labial ridges. The?i3 are considerably larger than the?i2. As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020663FFF7FCB0F8E36C8F99F7" authorityName=", (Cifelli & Villarroel" authorityYear="1997" box="[840,974,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930663FFF7FCB0F8E36C8F99F7" box="[840,974,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are two short diastemata (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FADEF8E36A3799F7" box="[1318,1398,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
), one between the?i3 and the canine (5.0 and 4.0 mm in right and left side respectively), and one between the canine and the p1 (4.0 and 3.0 mm in right and left side respectively). The canine is small and somewhat spatulate, with a flat lingual face and a convex labial one (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040663FFF7FB91F9006B9B9857" box="[1129,1242,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810663FFF6FCBBF9206B929877" blockId="16.[811,1457,917,2027]" lastBlockId="17.[811,1456,1682,2028]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="424" pageId="16" pageNumber="423">
|
||
The p1-2 are simple with a single cuspid located slightly mesial to the centre of the tooth, which results in a nearly triangular shape in labial view. On both teeth, crests extend downward mesially and distally from the main cuspid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040662FFF6FF76F8C36FA49997" box="[142,229,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On p2, the distal crest gently curves lingually and upwards at its distal end which resembles an incipient talonid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700662FFF6FF1AF8836D6799D7" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." box="[226,550,1746,1772]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630662FFF6FEB1F8836EEC99D7" box="[329,429,1746,1772]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The size of the premolars increases from p1 to p4. The p3 is bicrescentic, with the trigonid being narrower than the talonid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040662FFF6FD7EF9436DA19817" box="[646,736,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A low cuspid is present at the mesial edge of p3, which may well represent an incipient paraconid; this cuspid is absent on p4 and lower molars, as already described for this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700662FFF6FF38F9C06EA09890" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[192,481,1937,1963]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700662FFF6FE0AF9C06FFF98F0" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." pageId="17" pageNumber="424" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630662FFF6FD9BF9C06D889890" box="[611,713,1937,1963]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The p4 is molariform, without paraconid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040662FFF6FD5AF9E06DB898F0" box="[674,761,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lingual portion of the crown of the right p4 of VPPLT 1696 is broken, but the left p4 is complete. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020662FFF6FAD7F8C36AE99997" box="[1327,1448,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FAD7F8C36AE99997" box="[1327,1448,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the hypoconulid is absent on p3-4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040662FFF6FB49F8E36A4499F7" box="[1201,1285,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a low metaconid on p3, and the same cuspid is more developed on p4. The metaconid is separated from the protoconid by a sulcus on its mesial edge. The entoconid is isolated from other cuspids on both teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040662FFF6FB96F9606B879877" box="[1134,1222,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2BA266090662FFF6FF7CF8456D209969" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" startId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810662FFF6FF7CF8456D209969" blockId="17.[132,1456,1467,1618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D0662FFF6FF7CF8456FDC991F" baselines="1569,1569" box="[132,157,1556,1573]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020662FFF6FE14F8456CDC991E" authority="Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[492,925,1556,1573]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FE14F8456D80991E" box="[492,705,1556,1573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700662FFF6FD30F8456CDC991E" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[712,925,1556,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FC5EF8456CF0991E" bold="true" box="[934,945,1556,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">A</emphasis>
|
||
, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FA9CF8456A31991E" bold="true" box="[1380,1392,1556,1573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">B</emphasis>
|
||
, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FE3DF87A6E929907" bold="true" box="[453,467,1579,1596]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">C</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FCF5F87A6C6B9907" bold="true" box="[781,810,1579,1596]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">top</emphasis>
|
||
), labial (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FC96F87A6CEB9907" bold="true" box="[878,938,1579,1596]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">middle</emphasis>
|
||
) and lingual (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FBEFF87A6B169907" bold="true" box="[1047,1111,1579,1596]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">bottom</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FB61F87A6BE69907" bold="true" box="[1177,1191,1579,1596]" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">D</emphasis>
|
||
, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810662FFF5FCBBF9006B5498D0" blockId="17.[811,1456,1682,2028]" lastBlockId="18.[811,1456,1778,2028]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="425" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">
|
||
The lower molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020662FFF6FBC3F9006BFA9850" box="[1083,1211,1873,1899]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="424" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930662FFF6FBC3F9006BFA9850" box="[1083,1211,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Neodolodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are bicrescentic and increase in length from m1 to m3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700662FFF6FB51F9206C279890" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." pageId="17" pageNumber="424" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630662FFF6FAE9F9206A3798B0" box="[1297,1398,1905,1931]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
Díaz 1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). VPPLT 1696 has high wear on m1 and moderate wear on m2, whereas the m3 is only slightly worn (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040662FFF6FAA0F9E06C0798D0" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="424">Fig. 7B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The less worn state of m3 allows the preservation of the protocristid, which connects the protoconid and the metaconid along their distal edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040661FFF5FDDBF9436D3E9817" box="[547,639,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a mesial crest extending from the protoconid. The absence of paraconid results in an ovate outline of the trigonid. The hypoconid is the largest cusp on the molar talonid. It is connected to the base of the metaconid and trigonid through a low cristid obliqua and to the hypoconulid through a low distal cristid (hypocristid). The entoconid is isolated from other cusps on all the lower molars (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700661FFF5FAECF8A36CEB9817" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." pageId="18" pageNumber="425" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and located in a more lingual position than the hypoconulid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700661FFF5FC0BF9606A419877" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO J." box="[1011,1280,1841,1868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" pagination="289 - 302" refId="ref20922" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO J. 1997. - Litopterns, in KAY R. F., MADDEN R. H., CIFELLI R. L. & FLYNN J. J. (eds), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London: 289 - 302." type="book chapter" year="1997">
|
||
Cifelli &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BD19F8630661FFF5FBA4F9636B809877" box="[1116,1217,1842,1868]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700661FFF5FAF7F9606C329857" author="MCGRATH A. & ANAYA F. & CROFT D." pageId="18" pageNumber="425" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref23497" refString="MCGRATH A., ANAYA F. & CROFT D. 2020 a. - New Proterotheriids from the middle Miocene of Quebrada Honda, Bolivia, and body size and diversity trends in Proterotheriid and Macraucheniid Litopterns (Mammalia). Ameghiniana 57 (2): 159 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / amgh. 03.03.2020.3268" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
McGrath
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FA83F9636AF19870" box="[1403,1456,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The hypoconulid is smaller than the entoconid on m1-2 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040661FFF5FC80F9206C9198B0" box="[888,976,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hypoconulid on m3 is located distally from the hypoconid and entoconid and is connected to a cristid extending lingually from it, without reaching the entoconid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040661FFF5FC56F9806B4698D0" box="[942,1031,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[132,143,1556,1573]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-266@17.[132,1455,215,1513]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 7. — Mandible and lower dentition of Neodolodus colombianus Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986: A, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in left lateral view; B, partial mandible (VPPLT 1696) in dorsal view;C, holotype (MNHN.F.VIV9) in occlusal (top), labial (middle) and lingual (bottom) views;D, detail of the left lower dentition (c-m3) of VPPLT 1696 in occlusal view. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319190/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38" ID-Table-UUID="2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2BA266090661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" startId="18.[132,143,220,237]" targetBox="[134,1452,317,1697]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7CFE8D6BC19E38" blockId="18.[131,1457,220,259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D0661FFF5FF7CFE8D6FF39FD7" baselines="233,233" box="[132,178,220,237]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
5. — Craniodental measurements (in mm) of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020661FFF5FD6DFE8D6B769FD6" authority="Hoffstetter & Soria, 1986" authorityName="Hoffstetter & Soria" authorityYear="1986" box="[661,1079,220,237]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FD6DFE8D6C299FD6" box="[661,872,220,237]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700661FFF5FC94FE8D6B769FD6" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[876,1079,220,237]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria,1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from La Venta assemblage.
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FAE7FE8D6A669FD6" bold="true" box="[1311,1319,220,237]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">*</emphasis>
|
||
, type specimen, taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700661FFF5FF1BFEA36EF49E38" author="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F." box="[227,437,242,259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" pagination="1619 - 1622" refId="ref22660" refString="HOFFSTETTER R. & SORIA M. F. 1986. - Neodolodus colombianus gen. et sp. nov., un nouveau Condylarthre (Mammalia) dans le Miocene de Colombie. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, serie 2, 303, Mecanique-physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre 17: 1619 - 1622. https: // gallica. bnf. fr / ark: / 12148 / bpt 6 k 5664058 j / f 1625. item" type="journal article" year="1986">Hoffstetter & Soria (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FE38FEA36E8E9E38" bold="true" box="[448,463,242,259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">**</emphasis>
|
||
, taken from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700661FFF5FDC0FEA36C669E38" author="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J." box="[568,807,242,259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" pagination="222 - 231" refId="ref20868" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & GUERRERO DIAZ J. 1989. - New remains of Prothoatherium colombianus (Litopterna, Mammalia) from the Miocene of Colombia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 9 (2): 222 - 231. https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 4523257" type="journal article" year="1989">Cifelli & Guerrero Díaz (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FCCAFEA36C7D9E38" bold="true" box="[818,828,242,259]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">#</emphasis>
|
||
, estimated due to specimen breakage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<table id="0DDDC42106610018FF7EFF6C6AED999A" box="[134,1452,317,1697]" gridcols="14" gridrows="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FE6DFF116ADD9E55" blockId="18.[134,1452,317,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FE6DFF116E9A9E6F" bold="true" box="[405,475,320,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">MNHN.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FDCCFF6C6DD99E6A" bold="true" box="[564,664,317,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Duke-ING</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FD07FF116CF59E6F" bold="true" box="[767,948,320,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">UCMP Duke-ING</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FC2BFF116CB89E6F" bold="true" box="[979,1017,320,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">IGN</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FBD1FF116B2B9E6F" bold="true" box="[1065,1130,320,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">UCMP</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FB61FF116AED9E6F" bold="true" box="[1177,1452,317,340]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">IGN VPPLT 1696 VPPLT</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FE6DFF0B6A539E55" bold="true" box="[405,1298,346,366]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">F.VIV9* 86-093** 86-274** 86-288** 37691** 88-332** 182578** 38910** 182568** left</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FAD5FF0B6A1D9E55" bold="true" box="[1325,1372,346,366]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">right</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930661FFF5FA80FF0B6ADD9E55" bold="true" box="[1400,1436,346,366]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">183</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFF2C6E749E90" blockId="18.[134,1452,317,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">?i2 Antero-posterior – – – – – – – – – – – – length</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFFFE6ACE9EF8" blockId="18.[134,1452,317,536]" box="[227,1423,431,451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Transverse length – – – – – – – – – – – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFF836E749D3B" blockId="18.[134,1452,317,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">?i3 Antero-posterior – – – – – – – – – 4.1 4.2 – length</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFC556ACE9D23" blockId="18.[134,1452,317,536]" box="[227,1423,516,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Transverse length – – – – – – – – – 2.6 2.6 –</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="823B370F0661FFF5FF7EFC766ACE9B08" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" targetBox="[134,1452,317,536]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFC766F8C9D6E" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Diastema Length – – – – – – – – – 6.2 6.9 –?i3-c</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFC356ACE9D43" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,612,632]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">c Length – – – – – – – – – 3.2 3.0 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFC2C6ACE9DAA" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,637,657]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width – – – – – – – – – 2.0 2.2 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFCF16F889DF5" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Diastema Length – – – – – – – – – 3.6 4.9 – c-p1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFC8C6ACE9DCA" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,733,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">p1 Length – – – – – – – – – 4.8 4.9 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFCA46ACE9C32" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,757,777]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width – – – – – – – – – 2.9 2.6 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFD486ACE9C16" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,793,813]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">p2 Length – – – – – – 7.3 – – 6.8 6.4 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFD606ACE9C7E" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,817,837]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width – – – – – – 3.6 – – 3.6 3.3 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFD056ACE9C53" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,852,872]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">p3 Length 8.2 – – – – – – – – 7.1 6.7 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFD3D6ACE9CBB" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,876,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width 4.5 – – – – 4.6 – – – 4.5 4.6 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFDC16ACE9C9F" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,912,932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">p4 Length 7.5 – 7.3 – 7.5 7.4 – – – 6.6 6.8 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFDF96ACE9C87" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,936,956]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width 5.6 – 5.8 – 6.0 5.8 – – – 5.4 – –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFD9A6ACE9CE4" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,971,991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">m1 Length 6.5 6.7 6.7 – 6.9 6.6 – – – 6.3 6.1 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFDB26ACE9CCC" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,995,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
Width 5.8 5.4 6.1 – 6.0 6.8
|
||
<superScript id="88A89BC90661FFF5FC76FDB26CD79CCA" attach="left" box="[910,918,995,1009]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">#</superScript>
|
||
– – – 5.5 5.7 –
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFA566ACE9B20" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[134,1423,1031,1051]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">m2 Length 7.5 7.6 – 6.8 7.3 7.9 – – – 6.7 6.1 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF1BFA4E6ACE9B08" blockId="18.[134,1423,551,1075]" box="[227,1423,1055,1075]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width 6.5 5.9 6.0 5.6 6.7 6.2 – – – 5.8 6.1 –</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFA136ED19BF8" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<table id="0DDDC42106610018FF7EFA136ACE9BF8" box="[134,1423,1090,1219]" gridcols="14" gridrows="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFA136ACE9B6D" box="[134,1423,1090,1110]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FF7EFA136FE59B6D" box="[134,164,1090,1110]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">m3</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFA136E189B6D" box="[227,345,1090,1110]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Length</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FE49FA136E8E9B6D" box="[433,463,1090,1110]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">8.0</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FE05FA136D5A9B6D" box="[509,539,1090,1110]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">9.2</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FD99FA136D2D9B6D" box="[609,620,1090,1110]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FD4BFA136D909B6D" box="[691,721,1090,1110]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">8.7</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FCF7FA136C6C9B6D" box="[783,813,1090,1110]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">9.3</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FC88FA136CCF9B6D" box="[880,910,1090,1110]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">8.0</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FC19FA136CAD9B6D" box="[993,1004,1090,1110]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FBBCFA136B0E9B6D" box="[1092,1103,1090,1110]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FB5FFA136BF39B6D" box="[1191,1202,1090,1110]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FB0AFA136A599B6D" box="[1266,1304,1090,1110]" gridcol="11" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">7.4</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FAC4FA136A1B9B6D" box="[1340,1370,1090,1110]" gridcol="12" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">7.9</th>
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FA7CFA136ACE9B6D" box="[1412,1423,1090,1110]" gridcol="13" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFA0B6ACE9B55" box="[134,1423,1114,1134]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFA0B6E189B55" box="[227,345,1114,1134]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Width</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE49FA0B6E8E9B55" box="[433,463,1114,1134]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">6.0</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE05FA0B6D5A9B55" box="[509,539,1114,1134]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD99FA0B6D2D9B55" box="[609,620,1114,1134]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD4BFA0B6D909B55" box="[691,721,1114,1134]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">5.5</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FCF7FA0B6C6C9B55" box="[783,813,1114,1134]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC88FA0B6CCF9B55" box="[880,910,1114,1134]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC19FA0B6CAD9B55" box="[993,1004,1114,1134]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FBBCFA0B6B0E9B55" box="[1092,1103,1114,1134]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB5FFA0B6BF39B55" box="[1191,1202,1114,1134]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB0AFA0B6A599B55" box="[1266,1304,1114,1134]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">5.8</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FAC4FA0B6A1B9B55" box="[1340,1370,1114,1134]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FA7CFA0B6ACE9B55" box="[1412,1423,1114,1134]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<table id="0DDDC42106610018FF7EFA2F6ACE9A3B" box="[134,1423,1150,1280]" gridrows="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
Mandible
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFA2F6ACE9BA9" box="[134,1423,1150,1170]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFA2F6E189BA9" box="[227,345,1150,1170]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Depth at m1</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE49FA2F6E8E9BA9" box="[433,463,1150,1170]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE05FA2F6D5A9BA9" box="[509,539,1150,1170]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD99FA2F6D2D9BA9" box="[609,620,1150,1170]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD4BFA2F6D909BA9" box="[691,721,1150,1170]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FCF7FA2F6C6C9BA9" box="[783,813,1150,1170]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC88FA2F6CCF9BA9" box="[880,910,1150,1170]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC19FA2F6CAD9BA9" box="[993,1004,1150,1170]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FBBCFA2F6B0E9BA9" box="[1092,1103,1150,1170]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB5FFA2F6BF39BA9" box="[1191,1202,1150,1170]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB0AFA2F6A599BA9" box="[1266,1304,1150,1170]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">6.2#</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FAC4FA2F6A1B9BA9" box="[1340,1370,1150,1170]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FA7CFA2F6ACE9BA9" box="[1412,1423,1150,1170]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFAC76ACE9B91" box="[134,1423,1174,1194]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFAC76E189B91" box="[227,345,1174,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Maximum</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE49FAC76E8E9B91" box="[433,463,1174,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE05FAC76D5A9B91" box="[509,539,1174,1194]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD99FAC76D2D9B91" box="[609,620,1174,1194]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD4BFAC76D909B91" box="[691,721,1174,1194]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FCF7FAC76C6C9B91" box="[783,813,1174,1194]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC88FAC76CCF9B91" box="[880,910,1174,1194]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC19FAC76CAD9B91" box="[993,1004,1174,1194]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FBBCFAC76B0E9B91" box="[1092,1103,1174,1194]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB5FFAC76BF39B91" box="[1191,1202,1174,1194]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB0AFAC76A599B91" box="[1266,1304,1174,1194]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FAC4FAC76A1B9B91" box="[1340,1370,1174,1194]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FA7CFAC76ACE9B91" box="[1412,1423,1174,1194]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFAFE6ACE9BF8" box="[134,1423,1199,1219]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFAFE6E189BF8" box="[227,345,1199,1219]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">thickness</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
at m3
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFA826E0F9A3B" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFA826ACE9BDC" box="[134,1423,1235,1255]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<th id="823C5DBF06610018FF7EFA826FE59BDC" box="[134,164,1235,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">C</th>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFA826E189BDC" box="[227,345,1235,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">Maximum</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE49FA826E8E9BDC" box="[433,463,1235,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FE05FA826D5A9BDC" box="[509,539,1235,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD99FA826D2D9BDC" box="[609,620,1235,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FD4BFA826D909BDC" box="[691,721,1235,1255]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FCF7FA826C6C9BDC" box="[783,813,1235,1255]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC88FA826CCF9BDC" box="[880,910,1235,1255]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FC19FA826CAD9BDC" box="[993,1004,1235,1255]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FBBCFA826B0E9BDC" box="[1092,1103,1235,1255]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB5FFA826BF39BDC" box="[1191,1202,1235,1255]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FB0AFA826A599BDC" box="[1266,1304,1235,1255]" gridcol="11" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">6.4</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FAC4FA826A1B9BDC" box="[1340,1370,1235,1255]" gridcol="12" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FA7CFA826ACE9BDC" box="[1412,1423,1235,1255]" gridcol="13" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">–</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C1ED34C306610018FF7EFABD6ACE9A3B" box="[134,1423,1260,1280]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<td id="823C5DBF06610018FF1BFABD6E189A3B" box="[227,345,1260,1280]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">diameter</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="823B370F0661FFF5FF7EFB416ACE999A" pageId="18" pageNumber="425" targetBox="[134,1423,1150,1280]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFB416ACE9A07" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">P1 Length – – – – – – – – – 6.7 5.8 – Width – – – – – – – – – 3.5 3.5 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFB1A6ACE9A4C" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">P2 Length – – – – – – – – – 6.3 5.7 – Width – – – – – – – – – 5.4 5.6 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFBD66ACE9A88" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">P3 Length – – – – – – – 6.8 7.0 6.1 5.8 – Width – – – – – – – 8.2 8.3 7.5 7.2 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFB936ACE9AD5" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">P4 Length – – – – – – – 7.3 7.3 6.0 6.0 – Width – – – – – – – 8.9 8.9 7.9 7.2 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EFBAF6AD79911" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">M1 Length – – – – – – – – 7.2 6.0 6.0 7.0 Width – – – – – – – – 9.0 7.9 7.2 9.4</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EF8686ACE995E" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">M2 Length – – – – – – – 7.0 7.9 6.8 6.2 – Width – – – – – – – 9.4 10.3 9.1 8.7 –</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810661FFF5FF7EF8246ACE999A" blockId="18.[134,1430,1296,1697]" pageId="18" pageNumber="425">M3 Length – – – – – – – 7.0 – 5.9 5.4 – Width – – – – – – – 8.2 – 7.4 8.0 –</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<caption id="2BA266090660FFF4FF7CF8F36EC9981E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" startId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" targetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810660FFF4FF7CF8F36EC9981E" blockId="19.[132,777,1698,1829]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="7984A05D0660FFF4FF7CF8F36FDC9988" baselines="1711,1712" box="[132,157,1698,1715]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020660FFF4FE4FF8F36C449988" authority="(VPPLT 1606)" baseAuthorityName="VPPLT" baseAuthorityYear="1606" box="[439,773,1698,1715]" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Neodolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colombianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FE4FF8F36DCA9988" box="[439,651,1698,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Neodolodus colombianus</emphasis>
|
||
(VPPLT 1606)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FF7CF8E86FD099F1" bold="true" box="[132,145,1721,1738]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">A</emphasis>
|
||
, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FDF9F8E86D5F99F1" bold="true" box="[513,542,1721,1738]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">left</emphasis>
|
||
) and proximal view (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FD2BF8E86DBC99F1" bold="true" box="[723,765,1721,1738]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">right</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FF7CF8816FD099DA" bold="true" box="[132,145,1744,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">B</emphasis>
|
||
, partial right tibia in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FE7AF8816EDF99DA" bold="true" box="[386,414,1744,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">left</emphasis>
|
||
), posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FDF8F8816D7D99DA" bold="true" box="[512,572,1744,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">middle</emphasis>
|
||
) and distal (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FD58F8816D8899DA" bold="true" box="[672,713,1744,1761]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">right</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FF7CF8B76FD399CC" bold="true" box="[132,146,1766,1783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">C</emphasis>
|
||
, left metacarpal III in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FE66F8B76EFA99CC" bold="true" box="[414,443,1766,1783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">left</emphasis>
|
||
), medial (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FDE8F8B76D0C99CC" bold="true" box="[528,589,1766,1783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">middle</emphasis>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FD20F8B76C4399CC" bold="true" box="[728,770,1766,1783]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">right</emphasis>
|
||
) views;
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FF38F8AC6F8F9835" bold="true" box="[192,206,1789,1806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">D</emphasis>
|
||
, right metatarsal III in anterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FE24F8AC6EB89835" bold="true" box="[476,505,1789,1806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">left</emphasis>
|
||
), medial (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FDB5F8AC6DCB9835" bold="true" box="[589,650,1789,1806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">middle</emphasis>
|
||
) and posterior (
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FF71F9456FF3981E" bold="true" box="[137,178,1812,1829]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">right</emphasis>
|
||
) views. Scale bars: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F6236810660FFF4FF63F9206A029C74" blockId="19.[132,775,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[811,1456,215,848]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">
|
||
Associated postcranial elements of VPPLT 1696 include a partial scapula and limb bones. The right scapula preserves the glenoid fossa, part of the spine and the blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FD5FF9E06DBA98F0" box="[679,763,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The glenoid fossa is semi-circular, being rounded on the lateral edge and straighter in the dorsal edge. The neck is short and wide. The spine is broken, it is narrow and located in the middle of the blade. Most of the blade is not preserved and the relative size and shape of the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae cannot be assessed. The right tibia preserves the shaft and the distal epiphysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FB92FF266BFB9EAA" box="[1130,1210,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial malleolus extends further distally than the lateral malleolus, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020660FFF4FA85FFC66A499EEA" authority="(Schmidt et al. 2019 b)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Mammalia" family="Proterotheriidae" genus="Diadiaphorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Litopterna" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FA85FFC66B4B9EEB" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Diadiaphorus majusculus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700660FFF4FBE2FFE76BBF9EEB" author="SCHMIDT G. I. & HERNANDEZ DEL PINO S. & MUNOZ N. A. & FERNANDEZ M." box="[1050,1278,438,464]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" pagination="170 - 192" refId="ref25237" refString="SCHMIDT G. I., HERNANDEZ DEL PINO S., MUNOZ N. A. & FERNANDEZ M. 2019 b. - Litopterna (Mammalia) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene) at the Rio Santa Cruz, Southern Argentina. Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina 19 (2): 170 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / PEAPA. 13.08.2019.290" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Schmidt
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FB85FFE66BF09EEB" box="[1149,1201,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the lateroposterior part of the distal end of the tibia, there is a facet for the articulation with the fibula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FB6AFFA76BA49D2B" box="[1170,1253,502,528]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The metapodials III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FCA2FC476CD99D0B" box="[858,920,534,560]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
C-D) have a straight and long diaphyses, and the distal a well-defined keels, as seen in other proterotheriids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700660FFF4FCCEFC076B459D4B" author="CARRILLO J. D. & AMSON E. & JARAMILLO C. & SANCHEZ R. & QUIROZ L. & CUARTAS C. & RINCON A. F. & SANCHEZ-VILLAGRA M. R." box="[822,1028,598,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref20603" refString="CARRILLO J. D., AMSON E., JARAMILLO C., SANCHEZ R., QUIROZ L., CUARTAS C., RINCON A. F. & SANCHEZ-VILLAGRA M. R. 2018. - The Neogene Record of Northern South American Native Ungulates. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 101: 1 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / SI. 1943 - 6688.101" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Carrillo
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FC69FC066C849D4B" box="[913,965,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700660FFF4FBEAFC076BB79D4B" author="SCHMIDT G. I. & HERNANDEZ DEL PINO S. & MUNOZ N. A. & FERNANDEZ M." box="[1042,1270,598,624]" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" pagination="170 - 192" refId="ref25237" refString="SCHMIDT G. I., HERNANDEZ DEL PINO S., MUNOZ N. A. & FERNANDEZ M. 2019 b. - Litopterna (Mammalia) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene) at the Rio Santa Cruz, Southern Argentina. Publicacion Electronica de la Asociacion Paleontologica Argentina 19 (2): 170 - 192. https: // doi. org / 10.5710 / PEAPA. 13.08.2019.290" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Schmidt
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FB8DFC066BE89D4B" box="[1141,1193,598,624]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). By comparison with the known metapodials III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8DD4D020660FFF4FB4EFC276C9A9D8B" authority="(Cifelli & Villarroel 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Cifelli & Villarroel" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Mammalia" family="Didolodontidae" genus="Megadolodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DA9EA930660FFF4FB4EFC276A7C9DAB" box="[1206,1341,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Megadolodus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B4C4B700660FFF4FAB4FC276C929D8B" author="CIFELLI R. L. & VILLARROEL C." pageId="19" pageNumber="426" pagination="265 - 288" refId="ref21086" refString="CIFELLI R. L. & VILLARROEL C. 1997. - Paleobiology and affinites of Megadolodus, in KAY R. F., MADDEN R. H., CIFELLI R. L. & FLYNN J. J. (eds), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London: 265 - 288." type="book chapter" year="1997">Cifelli & Villarroel 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we tentatively identify one element as left metacarpal III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FC29FCE46B609DEB" box="[977,1057,693,720]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) because it is shorter and more robust than the other element, which we identify as the right metatarsal III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FC62FCA46CB09C34" box="[922,1009,757,783]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The metacarpal III has a small facet for the articulation with the metacarpal II on the medial side, and the proximal epiphysis is not fused (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E7E62A040660FFF4FB1AFD646A779C74" box="[1250,1334,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-613@19.[132,775,215,1657]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 8. — Scapula and limb bones of Neodolodus colombianus (VPPLT 1606): A, partial right scapula in dorsolateral view (left) and proximal view (right); B, partial right tibia in anterior (left), posterior (middle) and distal (right) views; C, left metacarpal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views; D, right metatarsal III in anterior (left), medial (middle) and posterior (right) views. Scale bars: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8319194/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="426">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |