treatments-xml/data/9C/01/87/9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2.xml

<document id="8E7A41F006F428504DA56C2EF7FA6AAC" ID-CLB-Dataset="3610" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70128aad-96db-4771-8e34-7b7960c43e3b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642436" ID-ZooBank="1FFD40DE-D89B-4783-B906-2724C77782E1" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635923762694" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beccacece, Hernán Mario, Viglione, Gabriela Bentancur, Graff, Pamela &amp; Morelli, Enrique" docDate="2021" docId="9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5061.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5061 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paracles vulpina" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="164" masterDocId="6038FFCFFF9FD1011432FFB1FFF8FFE7" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), with comments of the aquatic habit of larval instars" masterLastPageNumber="166" masterPageNumber="157" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1699467674388" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="1321DB7F18EEC67327173F60ECD8DCDC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C28B74F77A001426B61E30DB4F746DC2">
<mods:title id="D4FE6ECC529A3C95A8304650903D8A9B">Redescription of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), with comments of the aquatic habit of larval instars</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E72A009D67984FF2422185383260822A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="76D3D1025A8124ADDBEFEBF1B206017C">
<mods:roleTerm id="585205D8F34D5FA48B902F90EB72B1EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1BE2C4E2D783CF8B23F099EF9204414F">Beccacece, Hernán Mario</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="77FC7DCCFAC4AB596F6D98AD724274AA">IMBIV, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7443A008C512CE8F57872B17AE5EE4F9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3ECF8FF96364C1857D9C6240E0F2ACC5">
<mods:roleTerm id="4BC2C867F75E3731A2D293AC15D69C9C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9D7C1643633BAD071F90B465D55383BD">Viglione, Gabriela Bentancur</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D9EAC6173F3E04E895348F551212B96A">Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1FB06BC71E354439F6D12F3AA68D5AC7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6431A673A6EA1E9D0032E19C32E4A036">
<mods:roleTerm id="81BAE38F308C95F1346CAD86984E448E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="034AAD9A806AC47E87B2F601039E37AF">Graff, Pamela</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="29C78408FF84D978EA45457A747DBD32">IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9C92932F3ED66B5104A3ECA5F363A75A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B5CBE462E964866E97543480346B9572">
<mods:roleTerm id="60B3C78153544A391B0460823980FC37">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0F0B48B0ADBA79B06FB9A323A2914611">Morelli, Enrique</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="60557DF686D71FE8A453743DBEC4881E">Sección Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B44B59EBA6DF4C1E21BC6E051DCC206B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="080679D789A8F44FCF59F28954E510D0" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="2B9E16C0ADBD406D18B460F4E71C1143">
<mods:title id="943BDA68B1B3DBBB16688F1EC4DE23B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="CCE0DA33C0DD6CD57ECD9104A2F1EABB">
<mods:date id="CE77635C2091006A6CEB95477D5C236A">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="55CC951CC7B905C57EAFC2CAF6E96A8A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A498FE8ECA5D779145699102EA26E3C8">2021-11-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F8BC97700B50EE83861109A36D2B7164" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6B4A7421164AA6D650E2BFAFBD8CE9E7">5061</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D70B86673CFCF4C08A2D0D14062C2090" type="issue">
<mods:number id="DC9595E811FE3F441898555EB4DEA4A1">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="181C5C6824925C228F12A139220ED2BA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="239C5B2270AF12A9D335E3A8A0E032E1">157</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0E028FDD4EC09EC2F2E59F4DAA7424F4">166</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="8672A992CF0A4870165B6F1DBB478C98">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="18D0BDC554B4879C3DFB2B46A5E184EA" type="CLB-Dataset">3610</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7F21C8DFF4D3B6EC4591004B923B2376" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5061.1.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3988752C96010BF678DFD37C9D9DF951" type="GBIF-Dataset">70128aad-96db-4771-8e34-7b7960c43e3b</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="54C9BD550D556618DF9BBD5512D65048" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="85B5006E7DD088B8493937727F131982" type="Zenodo-Dep">5642436</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="85E806F30F8E80C80B32D91D7BAE2212" type="ZooBank">1FFD40DE-D89B-4783-B906-2724C77782E1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714402" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714402" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9DD10314A5F8F4FE0EF8BA" box="[151,502,1861,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9DD10314A5F8F4FE0EF8BA" blockId="2.[151,1031,1861,2008]" box="[151,502,1861,1885]" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9DD10314A5F8F4FE0EF8BA" authority="(Hubner, [1825])" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,502,1861,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9DD10314A5F8F4FEBCF8BA" box="[151,324,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">Paracles vulpina</emphasis>
(Hübner, [1825])
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9DD10214A5F8D5FF18FF32" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9DD10314A5F8D5FD48F89B" blockId="2.[151,1031,1861,2008]" box="[151,688,1892,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9DD10314A5F8D5FE16F89B" authority="Hubner, [1825]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,494,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Megalopygidae" genus="Antarctia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9DD10314A5F8D5FEB0F89B" box="[151,328,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">Antarctia vulpina</emphasis>
Hübner, [1825]
</taxonomicName>
: pl. [193], figs. 1-4
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9DD10314A5F835FCC1F87C" blockId="2.[151,1031,1861,2008]" box="[151,825,1923,1947]" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9DD10314A5F835FE2BF87C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,467,1923,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Purius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9DD10314A5F835FF23F87C" box="[151,219,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">Purius</emphasis>
? 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9DD10314DEF832FEBAF87C" box="[236,322,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">vulpinus</emphasis>
Walker, 1856
</taxonomicName>
: 1782 [new combination proposed]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9DD10314A5F813FC7FF85D" blockId="2.[151,1031,1861,2008]" box="[151,903,1953,1978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9DD10314A5F813FDD8F85E" authority="Boisduval, 1859: 158" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,544,1953,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Arctia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallicosta">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9DD10314A5F813FEB8F85E" box="[151,320,1953,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">Arctia pallicosta</emphasis>
Boisduval, 1859: 158
</taxonomicName>
[synonymized by Berg, 1899: 377]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9DD10214A5F871FF18FF32" blockId="2.[151,1031,1861,2008]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9DD10314A5F871FE52F83F" authority="(Hubner)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,426,1984,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9DD10314A5F871FEBCF83F" box="[151,324,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="159">Paracles vulpina</emphasis>
(Hübner)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9DD1031586F870FD25F83F" author="Watson, A. &amp; Goodger, D. T." box="[436,733,1984,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref6978" refString="Watson, A. &amp; Goodger, D. T. (1986) Catalogue of the Neotropical Tiger-moths. Department of Entomology, British museum (natural history). Occasional Papers on Systematics Entomology, 1, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1986">Watson &amp; Goodger, 1986: 32</bibRefCitation>
[new combination proposed] 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214A5FF26FEC2FF56" box="[151,314,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Type material.</emphasis>
Undisclosed number of 
<typeStatus id="CB138803FF9CD102167DFF26FD4DFF56" box="[591,693,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. These specimens could be lost or destroyed (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9CD102108BFF26FF2CFF32" author="Vincent, B. &amp; Laguerre, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="160" pagination="137 - 613" refId="ref6911" refString="Vincent, B. &amp; Laguerre, M. (2014) Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae). Zoosystema, 36 (2), 137 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2014 n 2 a 1" type="journal article" year="2014">Vincent &amp; Laguerre 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9CD10214F5FF6FFBB6F931" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9CD10214F5FF6FFE2AFC00" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214F5FF6FFE9BFF1F" box="[199,355,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Redescription</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD1021545FF6FFE1EFF1E" box="[375,486,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[158,1429,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Habitus and genitalia of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, b Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, c Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, d Male genitalia, e Aedeagus, f Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2a–f</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10215CFFF6EFDC2FF1E" bold="true" box="[509,570,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102167CFF6FFD3AFF1E" box="[590,706,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[158,1429,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Habitus and genitalia of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, b Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, c Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, d Male genitalia, e Aedeagus, f Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2a–b</figureCitation>
): body completely covered with a great density of long hairs. Head: brown dorsally and dark brown ventrally. Posterior margin of the scape and eye edge light brown-orange. Antenna strongly bipectinate, whitish, and rami light brown. Palpi dark brown, erect, and directed to the ventral area. Proboscis reduced, no longer than the head, possibly not functional. Thorax: brown dorsally and dark brown ventrally. Legs: brown except the dorsal side of coxa, trochanter, and femur light brown-orange. Forewing – length 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD10214A5FE20FEEBFE4B" box="[151,275,401,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="17.0">17-18 mm</quantity>
: shining brown dorsally with paler costa. Ventrally white except outer margin and apex darker and coastal area brownish. Hindwing – length 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD1021649FE04FD0DFE28" box="[635,757,437,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14-15 mm</quantity>
: dorsal and ventral white except the coastal and basal areas light brown-orange. Abdomen: brownish-orange dorsally and dark brown ventrally except the last segment the same as dorsal. There are darker specimens with same pattern. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD102176AFE4DFBFBFDF1" bold="true" box="[856,1027,508,534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD1021020FE4DFB9EFDF0" box="[1042,1126,508,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[158,1429,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Habitus and genitalia of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, b Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, c Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, d Male genitalia, e Aedeagus, f Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2d</figureCitation>
): genital capsule rhomboid. Uncus subtriangular with base rounded and apex finger-shape, curved ventrally; tegumen slightly rounded with an invagination at middle; juxta wide and trapezoidal; vinculum slightly rounded; saccus wide and broadly rounded; valvae shorter than uncus, with sacculus and costa fused, flattened and slightly directed towards the internal region; 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214A5FD3AFEFCFD42" bold="true" box="[151,260,651,677]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">aedeagus</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD1021527FD3AFE9FFD42" box="[277,359,651,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[158,1429,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Habitus and genitalia of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, b Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, c Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, d Male genitalia, e Aedeagus, f Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
) curved and slightly shorter than the genital capsule, caecum present and vesica membranous. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214A5FD1EFF16FD2E" bold="true" box="[151,238,687,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD10214CDFD1EFEABFD2E" box="[255,339,687,713]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[158,1429,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Habitus and genitalia of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, b Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, c Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, d Male genitalia, e Aedeagus, f Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
): Externally similar to males except for the following features: larger and more robust, antennae with smaller rami. Forewing – length 24- 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD1021649FD62FD2BFD0A" box="[635,723,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
: Brown dorsally with paler costa. Ventrally dark except base which is white and first part of costa which is brownish. Hindwing – length 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD10217C5FD47FB88FCF6" box="[1015,1136,758,785]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="14.0">14-15 mm</quantity>
: dorsally paler brown than forewing and inner margin whitish brown. Ventrally darker and base withish brown. There are darker specimens with same pattern. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD102155FFC8FFDCAFCBF" bold="true" box="[365,562,830,856]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD1021673FC8FFD69FCBE" box="[577,657,830,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-20@4.[158,1429,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2 Habitus and genitalia of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, b Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, c Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, d Male genitalia, e Aedeagus, f Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
): Papillae anales subquadrangular and setose. Pheromone gland tubelike, short, reaching the apophyses posteriores. Apophyses anteriores shorter than posteriores. Ductus bursae short, flattened, and sclerotized, tube-like. Corpus bursae oval, membranous with a circular striated band. Two rounded signa, sclerotized and present at the base of the corpus. Appendix bursae globose, membranous and similar in dimension to corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9CD10214F5FC40FBB6F931" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214F5FC40FE78FBED" box="[199,384,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Immature stages</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD10215BDFC41FDF0FBED" box="[399,520,1008,1034]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,678,702]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[279,1307,198,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Immature stages of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, b First instar stage, c Last instar stage, d Cocoon and pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Figs. 3a–d</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD1021621FC41FDAEFBEC" box="[531,598,1008,1035]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[221,1356,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[189,1397,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4 Chaetotaxy of the last instar of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Thorax, b Abdomen. T1 (prothorax) Vd (dorsal verruca), Vsd (subdorsal verruca), Vl (lateral Verruca), T2-3 (meso and metathorax), Pl (Plastron), A1-9 (abdominal segments 1 to 9), Vsv (subventral verruca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD102165EFC40FD5EFBEC" bold="true" box="[620,678,1009,1035]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Eggs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD1021687FC41FCFFFBEC" box="[693,775,1008,1035]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,678,702]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[279,1307,198,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Immature stages of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, b First instar stage, c Last instar stage, d Cocoon and pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
): whitish, disposed in a mass and covered with pale scales. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214A5FBA5FF15FBC9" bold="true" box="[151,237,1044,1070]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Larvae</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD10214C9FBA5FE8BFBC9" box="[251,371,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,678,702]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[279,1307,198,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Immature stages of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, b First instar stage, c Last instar stage, d Cocoon and pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Figs. 3b–c</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102154CFBA5FE39FBC9" box="[382,449,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[221,1356,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[189,1397,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4 Chaetotaxy of the last instar of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Thorax, b Abdomen. T1 (prothorax) Vd (dorsal verruca), Vsd (subdorsal verruca), Vl (lateral Verruca), T2-3 (meso and metathorax), Pl (Plastron), A1-9 (abdominal segments 1 to 9), Vsv (subventral verruca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
): eruciform, very pubescent with a dark general color, with a very compact dorsal line of yellow silks. Body length up to 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD10215C6FB89FDBDFBB4" box="[500,581,1080,1107]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
. +/– 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD1021648FB89FD44FBB4" box="[634,700,1080,1107]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
.Aeriferous plastron present in T2-A9. Thoracic plastron with tufts of crisscrossed silks tightly packed and abdominal plastron airframe formed by plumes of tight white silks. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD1021167FBEDFA6DFB91" bold="true" box="[1365,1429,1116,1142]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Head</emphasis>
: shiny black and rounded. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD102158DFB31FDE0FB7D" bold="true" box="[447,536,1152,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102161AFBCEFD85FB7D" box="[552,637,1151,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[221,1356,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[189,1397,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4 Chaetotaxy of the last instar of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Thorax, b Abdomen. T1 (prothorax) Vd (dorsal verruca), Vsd (subdorsal verruca), Vl (lateral Verruca), T2-3 (meso and metathorax), Pl (Plastron), A1-9 (abdominal segments 1 to 9), Vsv (subventral verruca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
): T1 plastron absent, dorsal, subdorsal and lateral verrucae blue; T2-3 plastron gray and verrucae same as T1 (
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102166FFB12FD49FB59" box="[605,689,1187,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,678,702]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[279,1307,198,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Immature stages of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, b First instar stage, c Last instar stage, d Cocoon and pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10216F5FB12FCC4FB5A" bold="true" box="[711,828,1187,1213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102177EFB12FC59FB59" box="[844,929,1187,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1914,1938]" captionTargetBox="[221,1356,210,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[189,1397,181,1890]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4 Chaetotaxy of the last instar of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Thorax, b Abdomen. T1 (prothorax) Vd (dorsal verruca), Vsd (subdorsal verruca), Vl (lateral Verruca), T2-3 (meso and metathorax), Pl (Plastron), A1-9 (abdominal segments 1 to 9), Vsv (subventral verruca)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
): A1 plastron gray and verrucae same as T1; A2 plastron white, dorsal and subdorsal verrucae blue, and lateral and subventral verrucae red; A3-8 plastron white, dorsal verrucae blue, and sublateral, lateral and subventral verrucae red;A9 plastron white, and dorsal, subdorsal, and lateral same as T1. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD1021555FABFFE39FACF" bold="true" box="[359,449,1294,1320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Cocoon</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD10215FDFABFFDD8FACE" box="[463,544,1294,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,678,702]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[279,1307,198,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Immature stages of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, b First instar stage, c Last instar stage, d Cocoon and pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
): cocoon elliptical, tapered at both ends, with circular emergency area. Maximum length 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD10214D6FA83FECDFAAA" box="[228,309,1330,1357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
. All the cocoon wrapped in a loose weaving of light gray silks, compact cocoon with an interweaving of parchment-like appearance. The cocoon is made of grey soft silk, the long black hairs of the caterpillar are woven into the outer layer and with the white hairs the inner. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10216D9FACBFC92FA73" bold="true" box="[747,874,1402,1428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Pupa male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102174AFACBFC32FA72" box="[888,970,1402,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,678,702]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[279,1307,198,652]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3 Immature stages of Paracles vulpina (Hübner, [1825]). a Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, b First instar stage, c Last instar stage, d Cocoon and pupa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
): Smooth tegument, caramel brown color, length 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD10214D7FA2CFEC0FA5F" box="[229,312,1437,1464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
, and maximum width 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD1021605FA2CFD84FA5F" box="[567,636,1437,1464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
. General elliptic shape, quadrangular broad front with slightly sinuous edges. Clipeus broadened, continuing the front edges with a slight lateral notch on each side, continuing in a rounded labyrinth. Labial palps with a wide base, tapering towards the end. Mouthpieces and antennae reach the edge of the metathorax. The meso and metathoracic podothecs visible, wide and with sinuous edges, tapering towards the apex. Antennae with visible external segmentation, somewhat shorter than the metathoracic podothec. Ceratothecas hardly visible accompanied the lateral edge of the pterothec. Pupae with seven free segments in the ventral area. Cremaster formed by a compact group of short and thick silks of bright amber color. Metathoracic spiracle visible, seven abdominal spiracles, from second to eighth segment. Anal slit transversely elongated framed in a pair of anal pads. Transverse short gonopore over a small blister in the ninth abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9CD10214F5F96EFAE8F814" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9CD10214F5F96EFAE8F814" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214F5F96EFEDCF91E" box="[199,292,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Biology.</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="FD764E2DFF9CD102151EF96EFE71F91E" box="[300,393,1759,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Females</collectingCounty>
put the egg masses on the underside of the grass and cover them with a dense tuft of scales of the anal area. 
<collectingMunicipality id="F473ACDBFF9CD1021562F8B2FE84F8FA" box="[336,380,1795,1821]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">The</collectingMunicipality>
caterpillar from 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9CD102160AF8B2FD62F8FA" box="[568,666,1795,1821]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
was found on aquatic plants in a lentic system and only ate 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD1021108F8B2FA7AF8FA" box="[1338,1410,1795,1821]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Azolla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Salviniales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD1021108F8B2FA7AF8FA" box="[1338,1410,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Azolla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at night. 
<location id="1177607AFF9CD10214ECF897FEF2F8A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2:1177607AFF9CD10214ECF897FEF2F8A7" box="[222,266,1830,1856]" country="Uruguay" county="Females" latitude="-0.43" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">The</location>
pupae stage lasted for 21 days. 
<location id="1177607AFF9CD1021659F896FD75F8A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2:1177607AFF9CD1021659F896FD75F8A6" box="[619,653,1831,1857]" country="Uruguay" county="Females" latitude="-0.43" municipality="The" name="On" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">On</location>
the other hand, hundreds of larvae (e.g.: 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9CD1021064F896FB32F8A7" box="[1110,1226,1830,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" type="larva">274 larvae</specimenCount>
in 
<quantity id="D3509B44FF9CD10210DFF896FADDF8A6" box="[1261,1317,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="12.0">
<elevation id="9F85D192FF9CD10210DFF896FADDF8A6" box="[1261,1317,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<superScript id="E3DD9BE9FF9CD1021117F897FAD5F8D3" attach="left" box="[1317,1325,1830,1844]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">2</superScript>
) from the 
<location id="1177607AFF9CD10214A5F8FBFEB6F882" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2:1177607AFF9CD10214A5F8FBFEB6F882" box="[151,334,1866,1893]" country="Uruguay" county="Females" latitude="-0.43" municipality="The" name="Flooding Pampa" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Flooding Pampa</location>
grassland in 
<collectingRegion id="D66CF843FF9CD10215EFF8FAFD8AF883" box="[477,626,1866,1893]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9CD102164CF8FBFD09F882" box="[638,753,1866,1893]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Argentina</collectingCountry>
) were found feeding on different grasses such as 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD102113EF8FBFED7F86F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schenodorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinaceus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD102113EF8FBFED7F86F" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Schenodorus arundinaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD1021564F8DEFDBBF86F" box="[342,579,1902,1928]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD1021564F8DEFDBBF86F" box="[342,579,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Festuca arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, tall fescue), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD10216E5F8DFFC49F86F" box="[727,945,1902,1928]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10216E5F8DFFC49F86F" box="[727,945,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Lolium multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(annual ryegrass), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD10210B7F8DFFA9EF86F" box="[1157,1382,1902,1928]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10210B7F8DFFA9EF86F" box="[1157,1382,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Paspalum dilatatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD10214A5F823FEBCF84B" box="[151,324,1938,1964]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paludivagum">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214A5F823FEBCF84B" box="[151,324,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">P. paludivagum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(native grasses). 
<location id="1177607AFF9CD1021636F823FDC6F84B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2:1177607AFF9CD1021636F823FDC6F84B" box="[516,574,1938,1964]" country="Uruguay" county="Females" latitude="-0.43" municipality="The" name="They" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">They</location>
were observed swimming and looking for new food resources but feeding out of the water (
<figureCitation id="8C932A24FF9CD102151FF804FE87F828" box="[301,383,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,185,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-20@2.[158,1429,179,1156]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1 Localities and environments where larvae and adults of Paracles vulpina were found. a Map of South America and a closer view of the localities. Red squares = Localities, b Flooded Pampa, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Black circles: larvae eating grass, c Grassland and Caragüatales of Santa Lucía, Montevideo Department, Uruguay, d High grassland, Quebrada del Condorito National Park, Córdoba, Argentina." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642440/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
; https://youtu.be/_cbyrf7-cDo). A total of 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9CD102176BF804FC38F828" box="[857,960,1973,1999]" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" type="larva">18 larvae</specimenCount>
of the 30 individuals collected and feeded with 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9CD10214E2F86BFE53F814" box="[208,427,2009,2035]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catharticus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9CD10214E2F86BFE53F814" box="[208,427,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="160">Bromus catharticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupated. 
<location id="1177607AFF9CD102162AF868FDB2F814" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2:1177607AFF9CD102162AF868FDB2F814" box="[536,586,2009,2035]" country="Uruguay" county="Females" latitude="-0.43" municipality="The" name="This" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" stateProvince="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">This</location>
stage lasted 22.33 days (± 
<geoCoordinate id="719C5066FF9CD1021743F868FC44F814" box="[881,956,2009,2035]" degrees="0.43" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="160" precision="555" value="-0.43">0.43 S</geoCoordinate>
.E.) before developing a moth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="40D76629FF9BD10514A5F8D2FD01F824" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642442/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" startId="4.[151,250,1891,1915]" targetBox="[186,1401,213,1832]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9BD10514A5F8D2FD01F824" blockId="4.[151,1436,1891,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD10514A5F8D2FEF6F89C" bold="true" box="[151,270,1891,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
Habitus and genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9BD1051622F8D2FC8CF89C" authority="(Hubner, [1825])" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[528,884,1891,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD1051622F8D2FD45F89C" box="[528,701,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">Paracles vulpina</emphasis>
(Hübner, [1825])
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD105174CF8D2FC73F89C" bold="true" box="[894,907,1891,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">a</emphasis>
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult male, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD10514A5F836FF5DF878" bold="true" box="[151,165,1927,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">b</emphasis>
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of darker adult male, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD1051723F836FCE4F878" bold="true" box="[785,796,1927,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">c</emphasis>
Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view of adult female, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD1051160F836FA98F878" bold="true" box="[1362,1376,1927,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">d</emphasis>
Male genitalia, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD10514C9F81AFEFEF824" bold="true" box="[251,262,1963,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">e</emphasis>
Aedeagus, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9BD105154EF81AFE7CF824" bold="true" box="[380,388,1963,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="161">f</emphasis>
Female genitalia. Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="40D76629FF9AD10414A5FD17FC97FD05" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642448" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642448/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" startId="5.[151,250,678,702]" targetBox="[280,1307,198,652]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9AD10414A5FD17FC97FD05" blockId="5.[151,1436,678,739]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10414A5FD17FEF7FD59" bold="true" box="[151,271,678,702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
Immature stages of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10415D1FD17FCBFFD59" authority="(Hubner, [1825])" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[483,839,678,702]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10415D1FD17FD69FD59" box="[483,657,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles vulpina</emphasis>
(Hübner, [1825])
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041767FD17FC9AFD59" bold="true" box="[853,866,678,702]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">a</emphasis>
Egg masses on grass leaves and emergence of the first instar stage, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041525FD7BFEDDFD05" bold="true" box="[279,293,714,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">b</emphasis>
First instar stage, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10415EDFD7BFE12FD05" bold="true" box="[479,490,714,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">c</emphasis>
Last instar stage, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041690FD7BFD48FD05" bold="true" box="[674,688,714,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">d</emphasis>
Cocoon and pupa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9AD10414F5FCA1FB50FCA8" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9AD10414F5FCA1FB50FCA8" blockId="5.[151,1436,784,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10414F5FCA1FEA0FCCD" box="[199,344,784,810]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Distribution.</emphasis>
Eastern 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9AD1041584FCA1FE05FCCD" box="[438,509,784,810]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9AD1041634FCA0FD91FCCC" box="[518,617,785,811]" name="Uruguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, and central and eastern 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9AD1041741FCA1FC1AFCCD" box="[883,994,784,810]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10417DDFCA1FB56FCCC" author="Burmeister, C. H. C." box="[1007,1198,784,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5153" refString="Burmeister, C. H. C. (1878) Description physique de la Republique Argentine: d'apres des observations personelles et etrangeres. 5. Lepidopteres. Premiere partie. Contenant les diurnes, crepusculaires et bombycoides. F. Savy, Paris, 524 pp." type="book" year="1878">Burmeister 1878</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD104108AFCA1FABEFCCD" author="Kohler, P." box="[1208,1350,784,810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref5887" refString="Kohler, P. (1926) Apuntes biologicos sobre el genero Antarctia (ex. coll. Breyer). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1926">Köhler 1926</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041162FCA0FF2AFCA8" author="Breyer, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="169 - 172" refId="ref5119" refString="Breyer, A. (1930) Lepidopteros de Yacanto. Especies nuevas, raras y comunes. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 3 (3), 169 - 172." type="journal article" year="1930">Breyer 1930</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10414ECFC84FE78FCA8" author="Pastrana, J. A." box="[222,384,821,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref6441" refString="Pastrana, J. A. (2004) Los lepidopteros argentinos. Sus plantas hospedadoras y otros sustratos alimenticios. Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, Buenos Aires, 350 pp." type="book" year="2004">Pastrana 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10415B8FC84FD62FCA8" author="Teston, J. A. &amp; Corseuil, E." box="[394,666,820,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="77 - 90" refId="ref6846" refString="Teston, J. A. &amp; Corseuil, E. (2004) Diversidade de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) capturados com armadilha luminosa, em seis comunidades no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 48 (1), 77 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262004000100014" type="journal article" year="2004">Teston &amp; Corseuil 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041697FC84FC69FCA8" author="Ferro, V. G. &amp; Teston, J. A." box="[677,913,821,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="278 - 286" refId="ref5374" refString="Ferro, V. G. &amp; Teston, J. A. (2009) Composicao de especies de Arctiidae (Lepidoptera) no sul do Brasil: relacao entre tipos de vegetacao e entre a configuracao espacial do habitat. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53 (2), 278 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262009000200010" type="journal article" year="2009">Ferro &amp; Teston 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10417AFFC85FB64FCA8" author="Formentini, A. C. &amp; Sosa-Gomez, D. R. &amp; Paula-Moraes, S. V. D. &amp; Barros, N. M. D. &amp; Specht, A." box="[925,1180,820,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="2113 - 2120" refId="ref5500" refString="Formentini, A. C., Sosa-Gomez, D. R., Paula-Moraes, S. V. D., Barros, N. M. D. &amp; Specht, A. (2015) Lepidoptera (Insecta) associated with soybean in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Ciencia Rural, 45 (12), 2113 - 2120. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0103 - 8478 cr 20141258" type="journal article" year="2015">
Formentini 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041012FC84FBA9FCA9" box="[1056,1105,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9AD10414F5FCE9FC64FC5C" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9AD10414F5FCE9FC64FC5C" blockId="5.[151,1436,784,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10414F5FCE9FE63FC95" box="[199,411,856,882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Material examined</emphasis>
(adults). 
<materialsCitation id="A4C03CFCFF9AD1041636FCE9FC6FFC5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3400673301" country="Saint Lucia" location="Santa Lucia" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="18">
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD1041636FCE9FDA1FC95" box="[516,601,856,883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD10416BDFCE8FD0CFC95" box="[655,756,856,883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
: Buenos Aires (locality information in 
<tableCitation id="592A031AFF9AD1041091FCE9FB0EFC94" box="[1187,1270,856,883]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,1560,1952]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1 Localities where adults and larvae were found including type of habitat and host plants where the larvae were found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/40D76629FF9ED10014A5FA7DFF25F9EF" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="40D76629FF9ED10014A5FA7DFF25F9EF">Table 1</tableCitation>
, all dissected), MZUC. 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD10414C6FCCCFEAFFC71" box="[244,343,892,919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD10415B8FCCCFE02FC71" box="[394,506,892,919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
: Córdoba (locality information in 
<tableCitation id="592A031AFF9AD104175DFCCDFC38FC70" box="[879,960,892,919]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,1560,1952]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1 Localities where adults and larvae were found including type of habitat and host plants where the larvae were found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/40D76629FF9ED10014A5FA7DFF25F9EF" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="40D76629FF9ED10014A5FA7DFF25F9EF">Table 1</tableCitation>
, 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD10417FEFCCCFBD9FC71" box="[972,1057,892,919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
dissected and 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD10410F2FCCCFAD8FC71" box="[1216,1312,892,919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
dissected), MZUC. 
<specimenCount id="02AEFD28FF9AD10414C4FC10FEBEFC5D" box="[246,326,928,955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9AD1041562FC10FE21FC5D" box="[336,473,928,955]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Santa Lucia</collectingCountry>
, FCEL (locality information in 
<tableCitation id="592A031AFF9AD104170BFC11FC73FC5C" box="[825,907,928,955]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,239,1484,1508]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,1560,1952]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1 Localities where adults and larvae were found including type of habitat and host plants where the larvae were found." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/40D76629FF9ED10014A5FA7DFF25F9EF" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="40D76629FF9ED10014A5FA7DFF25F9EF">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSection id="7D272F4AFF9AD10614A5FBBDFB65FAB2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<subSubSection id="5CB2652AFF9AD10614A5FBBDFB65FAB2" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9AD10414A5FBBDFEE3FBC1" blockId="5.[151,283,1036,1062]" box="[151,283,1036,1062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="4F5F81CDFF9AD10414A5FBBDFEE3FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1036,1062]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" reason="1">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10414A5FBBDFEE3FBC1" bold="true" box="[151,283,1036,1062]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9AD10414A5FBE5FA81F8FD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1108,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
The adults of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD104151FFBE4FE63FB89" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[301,411,1108,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD104151FFBE4FE63FB89" box="[301,411,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from other species of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041745FBE5FC23FB89" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[887,987,1108,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041745FBE5FC23FB89" box="[887,987,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a whitish paler brown band in costal area of forewing and whitish paler brown antenna in both sexes. These are the main diagnosis to identify the species. The habitus is similar to the 
<typeStatus id="CB138803FF9AD1041682FB2CFD18FB50" box="[688,736,1181,1207]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus: 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10417E2FB2DFACEFB50" authority="Walker 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[976,1334,1180,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contraria">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10417E2FB2DFB5BFB51" box="[976,1187,1180,1206]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles contraria</emphasis>
Walker 1855
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041171FB2DFEA7FB3C" author="Vincent, B. &amp; Laguerre, M." pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="137 - 613" refId="ref6911" refString="Vincent, B. &amp; Laguerre, M. (2014) Catalogue of the Neotropical Arctiini Leach, [1815] (except Ctenuchina Kirby, 1837 and Euchromiina Butler, 1876) (Insecta Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae). Zoosystema, 36 (2), 137 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2014 n 2 a 1" type="journal article" year="2014">Vincent &amp; Laguerre 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041559FB71FD04FB3C" author="Drechsel, U. &amp; Drechsel Garcia, S." box="[363,764,1216,1243]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref5285" refString="Drechsel, U. &amp; Drechsel Garcia, S. (2016 b) The early stages of Paracles fusca (Walker, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiini). Paraguay Biodiversidad, 3 (8), 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="2016">Drechsel &amp; Drechsel García 2016b</bibRefCitation>
) except for the ground color of this latter. Previous studies did not agree with some taxonomic rearragement proposed concerning 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10417E5FB54FBB3FB19" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[983,1099,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10417E5FB54FBB3FB19" box="[983,1099,1252,1278]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD104106FFB55FAD9FB18" author="Burmeister, C. H. C." box="[1117,1313,1252,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5153" refString="Burmeister, C. H. C. (1878) Description physique de la Republique Argentine: d'apres des observations personelles et etrangeres. 5. Lepidopteres. Premiere partie. Contenant les diurnes, crepusculaires et bombycoides. F. Savy, Paris, 524 pp." type="book" year="1878">Burmeister 1878</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041103FB54FF2AFAC4" author="Hampson, G. F." pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5701" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1920) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum Supplement 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 619 pp." type="book" year="1920">Hampson 1920</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10414D2FAB9FE96FAC4" author="Strand, E." box="[224,366,1288,1315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref6818" refString="Strand, E. (1919) Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 22: Arctiidae: Subfam. Arctiinae. Dr W. Junk, Berlin, 416 pp." type="book" year="1919">Strand 1919</bibRefCitation>
). These disagreements are because the 
<typeStatus id="CB138803FF9AD1041700FAB8FC9AFAC4" box="[818,866,1289,1315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">type</typeStatus>
material of some species is lost, the 
<typeStatus id="CB138803FF9AD104113DFAB8FAC7FAC4" box="[1295,1343,1289,1315]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">type</typeStatus>
locality was not correctly specified in the original description and the original illustration representing the species is not enough detailed, e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10415B0FAE0FE08FA8D" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[386,496,1360,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10415B0FAE0FE08FA8D" box="[386,496,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="CB138803FF9AD10415CFFAE0FDCEFA8C" box="[509,566,1361,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<location id="1177607AFF9AD10416ACFAE1FCBDFA8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C0187B7FF9DD10614A5F8F4FB65FAB2:1177607AFF9AD10416ACFAE1FCBDFA8C" box="[670,837,1360,1387]" country="Uruguay" name="South America" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" stateProvince="Cordoba">South America</location>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10417B2FAE1FBBFFA8D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" box="[896,1095,1360,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10417B2FAE1FBBFFA8D" box="[896,1095,1360,1386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hübner, [1831; 
<typeStatus id="CB138803FF9AD1041131FAE0FAC3FA8C" box="[1283,1339,1361,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Montevideo [
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9AD104151EFAC5FE60FA68" box="[300,408,1396,1423]" name="Uruguay" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
]). 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD1041583FAC5FDCCFA69" box="[433,564,1396,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Concerning</collectorName>
these two species, 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041739FAC5FC21FA68" author="Burmeister, C. H. C." box="[779,985,1396,1423]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5153" refString="Burmeister, C. H. C. (1878) Description physique de la Republique Argentine: d'apres des observations personelles et etrangeres. 5. Lepidopteres. Premiere partie. Contenant les diurnes, crepusculaires et bombycoides. F. Savy, Paris, 524 pp." type="book" year="1878">Burmeister (1878)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to consider 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10410C0FAC4FA92FA69" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" box="[1266,1386,1396,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10410C0FAC4FA92FA69" box="[1266,1386,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a variation of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041512FA28FE68FA55" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[288,400,1432,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041512FA28FE68FA55" box="[288,400,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD10415ACFA28FDFEFA54" box="[414,518,1433,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">However</collectorName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041623FA28FD36FA54" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[529,718,1433,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5652" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1901) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum. Vol. 3. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 690 pp." type="book" year="1901">Hampson (1901)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD1041737FA29FC5CFA54" author="Kohler, P." box="[773,932,1432,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref5887" refString="Kohler, P. (1926) Apuntes biologicos sobre el genero Antarctia (ex. coll. Breyer). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1926">Köhler (1926)</bibRefCitation>
omitted this synonymy and they commented that these two species can be differentiated on account of the larger pectination of the antenna, costal margin of forewing without a pale color band, and hindwing darker in 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041768FA50FC2EFA1D" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" box="[858,982,1504,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041768FA50FC2EFA1D" box="[858,982,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD10417D5FA51FBEBFA1D" box="[999,1043,1504,1530]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">The</collectorName>
habitus description used by these authors for 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD104152AF9B4FE68F9F9" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" box="[280,400,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD104152AF9B4FE68F9F9" box="[280,400,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very different from 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10416BEF9B4FD03F9F9" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[652,763,1540,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10416BEF9B4FD03F9F9" box="[652,763,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and even, it is more similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041066F9B5FA60F9F8" authority="(Berg 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Berg" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1108,1432,1540,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="severa">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041066F9B5FAFFF9F9" box="[1108,1287,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles severa</emphasis>
(Berg 1875)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10414A5F999FECCF9A4" author="Strand, E." box="[151,308,1576,1603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref6818" refString="Strand, E. (1919) Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 22: Arctiidae: Subfam. Arctiinae. Dr W. Junk, Berlin, 416 pp." type="book" year="1919">Strand (1919)</bibRefCitation>
also considered 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10415C5F998FD8AF9A5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" box="[503,626,1576,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10415C5F998FD8AF9A5" box="[503,626,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species in his catalogue. 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD1041020F998FBCFF9A4" box="[1042,1079,1577,1603]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">We</collectorName>
found darker specimens in 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD104114AF998FEF1F981" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">PN Condorito</collectorName>
(
<collectingRegion id="D66CF843FF9AD104152AF9FDFE85F981" box="[280,381,1612,1638]" country="Argentina" name="Cordoba" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Córdoba</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF9AD10415B5F9FDFE03F980" box="[391,507,1612,1639]" name="Argentina" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Argentina</collectingCountry>
), as 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD104161FF9FDFD03F980" author="Burmeister, C. H. C." box="[557,763,1612,1639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5153" refString="Burmeister, C. H. C. (1878) Description physique de la Republique Argentine: d'apres des observations personelles et etrangeres. 5. Lepidopteres. Premiere partie. Contenant les diurnes, crepusculaires et bombycoides. F. Savy, Paris, 524 pp." type="book" year="1878">Burmeister (1878)</bibRefCitation>
observed, and the genitalia is exactly the same as brownish specimens. A more careful study is needed using material from different localities or new collects to confirm if 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10411BAF9C0FF0CF949" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10411BAF9C0FF0CF949" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. brunnea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is or not a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10415CAF924FD9FF949" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[504,615,1684,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10415CAF924FD9FF949" box="[504,615,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD1041646F924FD6EF948" box="[628,662,1685,1711]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">On</collectorName>
the other hand, it is necessary to discuss the status of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10410DBF925FE90F934" authority="(Rothschild, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felderi">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10410DBF925FA64F949" box="[1257,1436,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles felderi</emphasis>
(Rothschild, 1910)
</taxonomicName>
because the habitus is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041739F908FC81F935" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[779,889,1720,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041739F908FC81F935" box="[779,889,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD10417B4F908FC65F934" box="[902,925,1721,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">In</collectorName>
fact, 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10417E8F908FB6EF934" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[986,1174,1721,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" refId="ref5701" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1920) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum Supplement 2. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 619 pp." type="book" year="1920">Hampson (1920)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to propose this species as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041618F96CFD62F911" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[554,666,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041618F96CFD62F911" box="[554,666,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and later omitted. 
<collectorName id="B95D5377FF9AD104175CF96CFC7DF910" box="[878,901,1757,1783]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">In</collectorName>
this article, we show for the first time the male and female genitalia of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10415ADF8B0FDF7F8FD" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[415,527,1792,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD10415ADF8B0FDF7F8FD" box="[415,527,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this will contribute to clarify the status of these species in further studies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF9AD10614F5F894FC03FD86" blockId="5.[151,1437,1108,2035]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">
In the present study, the life cycle was not studied completely because we could not follow all stages. For this reason, more studies are necessary to know the number and differences of instars and development times for each stages. The female oviposits masses of eggs on the hostplant and cover them with a tuft of withish scales from the anal area. This particular habit is a common behaviour in different species of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD104102BF821FAD0F84C" authority="(Kohler 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1049,1320,1936,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD104102BF821FB85F84D" box="[1049,1149,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">Paracles</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10410BFF821FAE7F84C" author="Kohler, P." box="[1165,1311,1936,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref5887" refString="Kohler, P. (1926) Apuntes biologicos sobre el genero Antarctia (ex. coll. Breyer). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1926">Köhler 1926</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and other 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD10414A5F805FEE6F829" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,286,1972,1998]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
and it seems to act as an egg protection against predator or weather climate (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10410B2F805FAECF828" author="Floater, G. J." box="[1152,1300,1972,1999]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="34 - 39" refId="ref5443" refString="Floater, G. J. (1998) Tuft scales and egg protection in Ochrogaster lunifer Herrich-Schaffer (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 37 (1), 34 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1998. tb 01540. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Floater 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Regarding the larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF9AD1041501F868FE5EF815" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[307,422,2008,2034]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF9AD1041501F868FE5EF815" box="[307,422,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="162">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we improved the previous information of 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF9AD10417ACF869FBBCF814" author="Kohler, P." box="[926,1092,2008,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="162" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref5887" refString="Kohler, P. (1926) Apuntes biologicos sobre el genero Antarctia (ex. coll. Breyer). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1926">Köhler (1926)</bibRefCitation>
. He only provided superficial characteristics of the coloration pattern and the number of verrucae and their disposition. We agree with this author about the characteristics of the larvae provided by Seitz (1920) are not from 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10617C7FF0AFB9DFF32" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1013,1125,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10617C7FF0AFB9DFF32" box="[1013,1125,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but correspond to 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106110BFF0AFE79FF1E" authority="(Walker, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106110BFF0AFF2AFF1E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paracles fusca</emphasis>
(Walker, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
. This last species has a general brown greyish coloration, verrucae are red pinkish and the white yellowish dorsal band is visible because the setae of the plastron are shorts (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D1061032FEB2FB45FEF9" author="Laplanche, G." box="[1024,1213,259,286]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="2 - 7" refId="ref5921" refString="Laplanche, G. (2016) Notes d'elevage sur une Ecaille originaire d'Argentine, Paracles fusca (Walker, 1856) (Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae Arctiini). Antenor, 3 (1), 2 - 7." type="journal article" year="2016">Laplanche 2016</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D10610E3FEB2FA64FEFA" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[1233,1436,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="3 - 6" refId="ref6525" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1911) Descriptions of new species of Arctianae in the Tring Museum. Novitates Zoologicae, 18, pls. 3 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1690" type="journal article" year="1911">Rothschild (1911)</bibRefCitation>
also presents a lateral view illustration of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10616B2FE96FD0AFEA6" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[640,754,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10616B2FE96FD0AFEA6" box="[640,754,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva. However, this is not useful because some important details to recognize this species are not visible. The last instar of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061740FEFAFBC9FE82" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[882,1073,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061740FEFAFBC9FE82" box="[882,1073,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paracles vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from other species such as 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106157CFEDEFE2DFE6F" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[334,469,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contraria">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106157CFEDEFE2DFE6F" box="[334,469,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. contraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061622FEDEFD86FE6E" baseAuthorityName="Berg" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[528,638,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azollae">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061622FEDEFD86FE6E" box="[528,638,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. azollae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10616DBFEDEFCA3FE6E" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[745,859,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10616DBFEDEFCA3FE6E" box="[745,859,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows body with a black pubescence except for a ferruginous subventral pubescence, blue dorsal verrucae, red lateral verrucae, and dorsal plastron with longest white setae. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10614EFFE06FE9AFE37" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[221,354,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contraria">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10614EFFE06FE9AFE37" box="[221,354,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. contraria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows blue greyish marbled localized pubescent area, black lateral verrucae, and dorsal plastron with ocher yellowish shorter setae in well-defined areas. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106175BFE6AFC2DFE12" baseAuthorityName="Berg" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[873,981,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azollae">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106175BFE6AFC2DFE12" box="[873,981,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. azollae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a body with jet black pubescence, reddish lateral verrucae, and dorsal plastron with white well-compacted setae (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D10617C9FE4EFB4BFDFE" author="Laplanche, G." box="[1019,1203,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="75 - 78" refId="ref5961" refString="Laplanche, G. (2018) Notes d'elevages d'une espece originaire d'Argentine, Paracles azollae (Berg, 1877) (Lepidoptera Erebidae Arctiinae Arctiini Spilosomina). Antenor, 5 (1), 75 - 78." type="journal article" year="2018">Laplanche 2018</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D106108FFE4EFA69FDFE" author="Morelli, E. &amp; Diez, A. &amp; Bentancur-Viglione, G." box="[1213,1425,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="34 - 40" refId="ref6170" refString="Morelli, E., Diez, A. &amp; Bentancur-Viglione, G. (2018) Descripcion de la larva de Paracles azollae (Berg, 1877) (Lepidoptera: Erebiidae). Boletin de la Sociedad zoologica del Uruguay, 2 ª Epoca, 27 (2), 34 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.26462 / 27.2.2" type="journal article" year="2018">
Morelli 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061125FE4EFABFFDFE" box="[1303,1351,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
. 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). About the pupa, this is here the first time this stage is described and shown. 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D106103AFD92FB51FDD9" author="Kohler, P." box="[1032,1193,547,574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref5887" refString="Kohler, P. (1926) Apuntes biologicos sobre el genero Antarctia (ex. coll. Breyer). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1926">Köhler (1926)</bibRefCitation>
briefly described the cocoon. This stage has the same common characteristics than other 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10617B9FDF6FC0FFD86" box="[907,1015,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Arctiinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arctiinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="40D76629FF99D10714A5F8CBFE11F83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5642452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5642452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5642452/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" startId="6.[151,250,1914,1938]" targetBox="[221,1356,210,1860]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="141736A1FF99D10714A5F8CBFE11F83C" blockId="6.[151,1436,1914,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF99D10714A5F8CBFEF4F875" bold="true" box="[151,268,1914,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
Chaetotaxy of the last instar of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF99D107167AF8CBFC5EF875" authority="(Hubner, [1825])" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[584,934,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF99D107167AF8CBFD0BF875" box="[584,755,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">Paracles vulpina</emphasis>
(Hübner, [1825])
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF99D107179DF8CAFC44F874" bold="true" box="[943,956,1915,1939]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">a</emphasis>
Thorax, 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF99D1071024F8CAFBDCF874" bold="true" box="[1046,1060,1915,1939]" pageId="6" pageNumber="163">b</emphasis>
Abdomen. T1 (prothorax) Vd (dorsal verruca), Vsd (subdorsal verruca), Vl (lateral Verruca), T2-3 (meso and metathorax), Pl (Plastron), A1-9 (abdominal segments 1 to 9), Vsv (subventral verruca).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF98D10614F5FDDAFD84FB46" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">
Larvae of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106150CFDDAFE57FD62" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[318,431,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulpina">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106150CFDDAFE57FD62" box="[318,431,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">P. vulpina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been previously reported feeding on several plants from different families such as 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10614A5FD3EFE90FD4F" box="[151,360,655,681]" class="Tubothalamea" family="Milioliporidae" genus="Cucurbita" kingdom="Chromista" order="Miliolida" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="maxima">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10614A5FD3EFE90FD4F" box="[151,360,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Cucurbita maxima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061584FD3EFDA3FD4D" box="[438,603,655,682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cucurbitaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106165FFD3EFCDFFD4F" box="[621,807,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106165FFD3EFCDFFD4F" box="[621,807,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Medicago sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061751FD3EFC17FD4F" box="[867,1007,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Glycine" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="max">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061751FD3EFC17FD4F" box="[867,1007,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Glycine max</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(alfalfa and soybean; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061116FD3EFA69FD4D" box="[1316,1425,655,682]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10614A5FD02FEC1FD2A" box="[151,313,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10614A5FD02FEC1FD2A" box="[151,313,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Quercus robus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(oak; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106158BFD02FDDEFD2A" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[441,550,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061605FD02FD35FD2B" box="[567,717,691,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061605FD02FD35FD2B" box="[567,717,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Juglans regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(walnut; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061743FD02FBF3FD29" box="[881,1035,691,718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juglandaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106102EFD02FB09FD2A" box="[1052,1265,691,717]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dactylis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106102EFD02FB09FD2A" box="[1052,1265,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Dactylis glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Orchardgrass; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10614E8FD66FEC2FD16" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[218,314,727,753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061562FD66FE0BFD17" box="[336,499,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061562FD66FE0BFD17" box="[336,499,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Populus nigra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106161DFD66FCF5FD16" box="[559,781,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="humboldtiana">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106161DFD66FCF5FD16" box="[559,781,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Salix humboldtiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(poplar and willow; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061075FD66FB3AFD15" box="[1095,1218,727,754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Salicaceae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10610E5FD66FA64FD16" box="[1239,1436,727,753]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Cupania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10610E5FD66FA64FD16" box="[1239,1436,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Cupania vernalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(camboatá; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106155BFD4AFE02FCF1" box="[361,506,763,790]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061678FD4AFD1AFCF2" box="[586,738,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordata">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061678FD4AFD1AFCF2" box="[586,738,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Tilia cordata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(linden; Fam. 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10617AFFD4AFBE2FCF2" box="[925,1050,763,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D106101EFD4AFB24FCF2" author="Hayward, K. J." box="[1068,1244,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" refId="ref5734" refString="Hayward, K. J. (1969) Datos para el estudio de la ontogenia de lepidopteros argentines. No. 31. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucuman, 142 pp." type="book" year="1969">Hayward 1969</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D10610DDFD4AFA60FCF2" author="Pastrana, J. A." box="[1263,1432,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" refId="ref6441" refString="Pastrana, J. A. (2004) Los lepidopteros argentinos. Sus plantas hospedadoras y otros sustratos alimenticios. Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, Buenos Aires, 350 pp." type="book" year="2004">Pastrana 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D10614A5FCAEFE6CFCDE" author="Formentini, A. C. &amp; Sosa-Gomez, D. R. &amp; Paula-Moraes, S. V. D. &amp; Barros, N. M. D. &amp; Specht, A." box="[151,404,798,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="2113 - 2120" refId="ref5500" refString="Formentini, A. C., Sosa-Gomez, D. R., Paula-Moraes, S. V. D., Barros, N. M. D. &amp; Specht, A. (2015) Lepidoptera (Insecta) associated with soybean in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Ciencia Rural, 45 (12), 2113 - 2120. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0103 - 8478 cr 20141258" type="journal article" year="2015">
Formentini 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061528FCAEFEB2FCDE" box="[282,330,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
). However, this information should be corroborated because an incorrect identification of the larvae could have happened. On the other hand, 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D1061682FCF2FCB7FCB9" author="Kohler, P." box="[688,847,835,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="27 - 30" refId="ref5887" refString="Kohler, P. (1926) Apuntes biologicos sobre el genero Antarctia (ex. coll. Breyer). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 1, 27 - 30." type="journal article" year="1926">Köhler (1926)</bibRefCitation>
also commented that the larvae can feed on different herbaceous plants species. As shown previously, we observed several larvae feeding on different 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10610D4FCD6FABAFC66" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1254,1346,871,897]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
such as the invasive grass 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106155BFC3AFD61FC42" box="[361,665,907,933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schenodorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinaceus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106155BFC3AFD61FC42" box="[361,665,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Schenodorus arundinaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061689FC3AFC52FC42" box="[699,938,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061689FC3AFC52FC42" box="[699,938,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Festuca arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, tall fescue) (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D1061076FC3AFAF0FC42" author="Graff, P. &amp; Gundel, P. E. &amp; Salvat, A. &amp; Cristos, D. &amp; Chaneton, E. J." box="[1092,1288,907,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="1592 - 1604" refId="ref5581" refString="Graff, P., Gundel, P. E., Salvat, A., Cristos, D. &amp; Chaneton, E. J. (2020) Protection offered by leaf fungal endophytes to an invasive species against native herbivores depends on soil nutrients. Journal of Ecology, 108, 1592 - 1604. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1365 - 2745.13371" type="journal article" year="2020">
Graff 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10610B9FC3AFB45FC42" box="[1163,1213,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D106117FFC3AFEE3FC2E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflorum">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106117FFC3AFEE3FC2E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Lolium multiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(annual ryegrass), both endophyte-infected plants with alkaloid compounds. The larvae were also observed on native grasses species such as 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10616B2FC62FC9BFC0A" box="[640,867,979,1005]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatatum">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10616B2FC62FC9BFC0A" box="[640,867,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paspalum dilatatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10617A9FC62FB3BFC0A" box="[923,1219,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Paspalidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paludivagum">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10617A9FC62FB3BFC0A" box="[923,1219,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paspalidium paludivagum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and they accepted 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10614A5FC46FE8BFBF6" box="[151,371,1015,1041]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bromus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catharticus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10614A5FC46FE8BFBF6" box="[151,371,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Bromus catharticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as foodplant. A single larva was registered feeding of the aquatic plant 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D10610A5FC46FB27FBF6" box="[1175,1247,1015,1041]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Salviniaceae" genus="Azolla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Salviniales" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D10610A5FC46FB27FBF6" box="[1175,1247,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Azolla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="6CBF7631FF98D1061131FC46FA9FFBF6" box="[1283,1383,1015,1041]" name="Uruguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
. The evidence of the polyphagia and the possibility to consume toxic plants can be related to supplementing endogenous defenses by sequestering compounds from their host plants (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D106171FFB8EFC0FFBBE" author="Zaspel, J. M. &amp; Weller, S. J. &amp; Wardwell, C. T. &amp; Zahiri, R. &amp; Wahlberg, N." box="[813,1015,1087,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="101975" refId="ref7021" refString="Zaspel, J. M., Weller, S. J., Wardwell, C. T., Zahiri, R. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2014) Phylogeny and evolution of pharmacophagy in tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). PLoS One, 9 (7), e 101975. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0101975" type="journal article" year="2014">
Zaspel 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D106174DFB8EFC56FBBE" box="[895,942,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Regarding the biology of caterpillars observed in the field, the aquatic larval habit is not a necessary strategy and it could be used depending on the ground topography or weather of the place.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="141736A1FF98D10614F5FB1AFB65FAB2" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">
Despite similar dull coloration of the 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061642FB1AFD2CFB22" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[624,724,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061642FB1AFD2CFB22" box="[624,724,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paracles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults, this speciose genus is maybe not a monophyletic group because there are important differences on the habitus, genitalia and immature stages of several species (
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D106111CFB7EFEC9FAEA" author="Becker, V. O. &amp; Miller, S. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="283 - 288" refId="ref4860" refString="Becker, V. O. &amp; Miller, S. E. ([1991]) Three unusual species of Paracles from South America (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 28 (4), 283 - 288." type="journal article" year="1991">Becker &amp; Miller [1991]</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D106150FFB42FDE7FAEA" author="Meneses, A. R. &amp; Bevilaqua, M. V. O. &amp; Hamada, N. &amp; Querino, R. B." box="[317,543,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="350 - 352" refId="ref6001" refString="Meneses, A. R., Bevilaqua, M. V. O., Hamada, N. &amp; Querino, R. B. (2013) The aquatic habit and host plants of Paracles klagesi (Rothschild) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 57 (3), 350 - 352. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262013005000025" type="journal article" year="2013">
Meneses 
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061597FB42FE2EFAEA" box="[421,470,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D1061618FB42FD28FAEA" author="Drechsel, U." box="[554,720,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref5202" refString="Drechsel, U. (2014) Aquatic habit of larval instars of Paracles palustris (Joergensen, 1935) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Paraguay Biodiversidad, 1 (18), 89 - 94." type="journal article" year="2014">Drechsel 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="70394B50FF98D10616E9FB42FB9CFAEA" author="Drechsel, U. &amp; Drechsel Garcia, S." box="[731,1124,1267,1293]" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" pagination="33 - 38" refId="ref5242" refString="Drechsel, U. &amp; Drechsel Garcia, S. (2016 a) The immature stages of Paracles contraria Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Paraguay Biodiversidad, 3 (6), 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="2016">Drechsel &amp; Drechsel García 2016a</bibRefCitation>
, b, 2017). For this reason, it is necessary to make a full review of 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061605FAA6FD63FAD6" baseAuthorityName="Kohler" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[567,667,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061605FAA6FD63FAD6" box="[567,667,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paracles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The aquatic habits of larvae instars could be a character to consider. However, more studies of life-cycles and natural history of the 
<taxonomicName id="D3A84D22FF98D1061768FA8AFBEEFAB2" box="[858,1046,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Paracles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="26DCEAB3FF98D1061768FA8AFC46FAB2" box="[858,958,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="164">Paracles</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</subSection>
</treatment>
</document>