272 lines
40 KiB
XML
272 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="A70D41BBCA14D9DE545713850732EE74" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2324.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5313036" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629658541690" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Karanovic, Tomislav & Hancock, Peter" docDate="2009" docId="4C338790FF98FFC961FDF8A56D5F4A1A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02324p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2324 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2324.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Inermipes Lee & Huys 2002" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="B00AFFE8FFB0FFE3616AFF986E37497F" masterDocTitle="On the diagnostic characters of the genus Stygonitocrella (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), with descriptions of seven new species from Australian subterranean waters 2324" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1699090780369" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C36F26641BED0AB73BEA79FC3E975E96">On the diagnostic characters of the genus Stygonitocrella (Copepoda, Harpacticoida), with descriptions of seven new species from Australian subterranean waters 2324</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E08D5306CB5DCCED7E8037E7A8663478">Karanovic, Tomislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="30E0305BAA912E44957F34DD9DCC3A03">Hancock, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3407851A181115C9DA69BDCC89A1D042">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0E02080B2F6D7CB2BD499A3DA488B367">
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<mods:date id="AE9A68BF689588EAFBDF04D27182BC82">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="67C223F058348C86944777C6200E5E17">2009-12-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A933BBDF0A5B5BDA2819BAA706F812EC">2324</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="06343EA5215DC17A30C7EBF34C89E5EB">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2324.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="B755052C8399E85C1E188A9026D26D34">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="721368D1FA21FC77F0AB28490FCDEEFB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2324.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2170D9CA2A38D1C629F8D3BCC74E7C26" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C338790FF98FFC961FDF8A56D5F4A1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5321219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5321219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C338790FF98FFC961FDF8A56D5F4A1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C338790FF98FFC961FDF8A56D5F4A1A" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="8C80650DFF98FFCB61FDF8A56C794E28" box="[151,590,1853,1879]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C4253686FF98FFCB61FDF8A56C794E28" blockId="40.[151,590,1853,1879]" box="[151,590,1853,1879]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<heading id="9F6D81EAFF98FFCB61FDF8A56C794E28" bold="true" box="[151,590,1853,1879]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF98FFCB61FDF8A56C794E28" bold="true" box="[151,590,1853,1879]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF98FFCB6184F8A56C794E28" authority="Lee & Huys, 2002" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[238,590,1853,1879]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF98FFCB6184F8A56F5F4E28" bold="true" box="[238,360,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Inermipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF98FFCB6005F8A56C794E28" author="Lee, W. & Huys, R." box="[367,590,1853,1879]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref57373" refString="Lee, W. & Huys, R. (2002) A new genus of groundwater Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from boreholes in Western Australia and the artificial status of Stygonitocrella Petkovski, 1976. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 68, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Huys, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C80650DFF98FFCA61FDF81E6F7F4DE0" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C4253686FF98FFCA61FDF81E6F7F4DE0" blockId="40.[151,1436,1926,2030]" lastBlockId="41.[151,1437,152,1995]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF98FFCB61FDF81E6FB94EDF" bold="true" box="[151,398,1926,1952]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis emended.</emphasis>
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Relatively large and not very slender
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF98FFCB6220F81E6DFE4EDF" authorityName="Monard" authorityYear="1927" box="[842,969,1926,1952]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ameiridae</taxonomicName>
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, with cylindrical habitus and no distinct demarcation between prosome and urosome, although body constricted at first urosomite. Integument weakly chitinized and without cuticular windows; hyaline fringe of all somites smooth. First pedigerous somite incorporated into cephalothorax. Prosome weakly ornamented with very large sensilla, urosome additionally ornamented with ventral rows of spinules. Genital double-somite without visible suture but slightly constricted laterally; genital field with single large copulatory pore, wide and extremely short copulatory duct and two semicircular seminal receptacles; single small genital aperture covered by fused reduced sixth legs, without armature or ornamentation. Anal operculum wide and convex, not reaching to posterior end of anal somite, ornamented with many more spinules near posterior margin. Caudal rami conical, as long as greatest width and slightly divergent; dorsal seta inserted near posterior margin and very close to inner margin, about twice as long as ramus; proximal lateral seta arising somewhat dorsolaterally at middle; distal lateral seta arising at 5/6 and laterally; inner apical seta smaller than ramus; principal apical setae pinnate, with breaking plane. Antennula long and slender, eight-segmented in female and ten-segmented but not strongly geniculate in male; without seta on first segment. Antenna composed of coxa, basis, two-segmented endopod and onesegmented exopod; exopod minute, armed with single apical seta. Labrum with wide and nearly straight cutting edge. Mandibula with narrow cutting edge and two-segmented palp; basis unarmed, endopod with four apical setae. Maxillular endopod absent. Maxilla with single endite on syncoxa; endopod minute, armed with two setae. Maxilliped three-segmented, unarmed. All swimming legs with three-segmented exopod. Endopod of first leg three-segmented, that of other legs one-segmented. First exopodal segment of all legs much longer than any other segments and without inner seta; second exopodal segment of first leg without inner seta, that of other legs with inner seta; third exopodal segment of all legs with two outer spines and no inner setae, except in fourth leg where one inner seta present. First endopodal segment of first leg larger than other two endopodal segments but smaller than first exopodal segment, armed with spiniform inner seta; endopodal segment of other legs very small, that of second and fourth legs armed with single apical spine, that of third leg with inner apical seta and outer apical spine. Basis of first leg in male with inner spine transformed, smooth and inflated distally; no other sexual dimorphism in swimming legs. Fifth leg similar in both sexes, with baseoendopod almost completely fused to somite and represented only by outer basal seta; exopod a minute but distinct segment, armed with single apical seta in female and (normally) with additional inner seta on male right leg. Sixth legs in male fused basally together and to somite, without armature or ornamentation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C80650DFF99FFCA61AFFB336DFA4DB9" box="[197,973,1195,1222]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="C4253686FF99FFCA61AFFB336DFA4DB9" blockId="41.[151,1437,152,1995]" box="[197,973,1195,1222]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA61AFFB336FED4DBA" bold="true" box="[197,474,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<typeStatus id="1B218824FF99FFCA61AFFB336F354DBA" box="[197,258,1195,1221]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Type</typeStatus>
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and only species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA6088FB346DFE4DB9" authority="Lee & Huys, 2002" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[482,969,1196,1222]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humphreysi">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA6088FB346CD14DBA" box="[482,742,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Inermipes humphreysi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA6387FB346DFE4DB9" author="Lee, W. & Huys, R." box="[749,969,1196,1222]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref57373" refString="Lee, W. & Huys, R. (2002) A new genus of groundwater Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from boreholes in Western Australia and the artificial status of Stygonitocrella Petkovski, 1976. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 68, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Huys, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C80650DFF99FFC961AFFB4A6D5F4A1A" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C4253686FF99FFCA61AFFB4A6C394EB4" blockId="41.[151,1437,152,1995]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA61AFFB4A6F084D93" bold="true" box="[197,319,1234,1260]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This Western Australian genus is apparently very closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA6507FB4B6B574D93" authority="Karanovic & Hancock, 2009" authorityName="Karanovic & Hancock" authorityYear="2009" box="[1133,1376,1235,1260]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Megastygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA6507FB4B6B574D93" box="[1133,1376,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megastygonitocrella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA6402FB4A6EFD4C6D" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF99FFCA6402FB4A6EFD4C6D" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, with its identical armature and segmentation of the swimming legs (the endopod of the second to fourth legs are one-segmented, with the respective armature formula 1.2.1) and has probably originated from an ancestor similar to some modern day
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA631EFADF6DD44C1F" box="[628,995,1350,1376]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Megastygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA631EFADF6D414C1F" box="[628,886,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Megastygonitocrella</emphasis>
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species.
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</taxonomicName>
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Also, the nature of these armature elements is exactly the same in the two genera.
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA639FFAF56DDD4CF8" author="Lee, W. & Huys, R." box="[757,1002,1389,1415]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref57373" refString="Lee, W. & Huys, R. (2002) A new genus of groundwater Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from boreholes in Western Australia and the artificial status of Stygonitocrella Petkovski, 1976. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 68, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Huys (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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justified the erection of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA61FDFA0C6FC34CD1" authority="Lee & Huys, 2002" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,500,1428,1454]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA61FDFA0C6F394CD2" box="[151,270,1428,1453]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Inermipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA607CFA0C6FC34CD1" author="Lee, W. & Huys, R." box="[278,500,1428,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref57373" refString="Lee, W. & Huys, R. (2002) A new genus of groundwater Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from boreholes in Western Australia and the artificial status of Stygonitocrella Petkovski, 1976. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 68, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Huys, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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mostly by the following four characters: an antennal exopod armed with only one apical element, basis of all swimming legs lacking the outer armature element, a highly reduced fifth leg and an unusually large spermatophore in the male. The first character was also observed in
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA658FFA796F1D4F5E" authority="Karanovic & Hancock, 2009" authorityName="Karanovic & Hancock" authorityYear="2009" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Lucionitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yalleenensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA658FFA796F1D4F5E" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lucionitocrella yalleenensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA6058F99F6FD84F5E" bold="true" box="[306,495,1543,1569]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF99FFCA6058F99F6FD84F5E" box="[306,495,1543,1569]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(see above), although the two species have very little in common, but also in some other ameirids that are completely unrelated (see
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA6247F9B66DCF4F37" author="Karanovic, T." box="[813,1016,1582,1608]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref57102" refString="Karanovic, T. (2006) Subterranean copepods (Crustacea, Copepoda) from the Pilbara region in Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 70, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="2006">Karanovic, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). Swimming legs without the outer armature element on the basis can be found in both
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA624AF9CD6ACC4F10" box="[800,1275,1621,1647]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Psammonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA624AF9CD6A364F11" box="[800,1025,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Psammonitocrella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA6560F9CD6AAE4F10" author="Huys, R." box="[1034,1177,1621,1647]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref56878" refString="Huys, R. (2009) Unresolved cases of type fixation, synonymy and homonymy in harpacticoid copepod nomenclature (Crustacea: Copepoda). Zootaxa, 2183, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="2009">Huys, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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(see below), although only on the first and second legs. As can be witnessed in the descriptions of new species in this paper, the fifth leg can be variously reduced and sometimes much more so than in
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA65F2F93B6B254FC3" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[1176,1298,1699,1724]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA65F2F93B6B254FC3" box="[1176,1298,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Inermipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it was previously also known to be completely reduced in
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA6258F9516B524F9C" authority="(Petkovski, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Petkovski" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[818,1381,1737,1763]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Stygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orghidani">
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<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA6258F9516A404F9D" box="[818,1143,1737,1762]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Stygonitocrella orghidani</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA65E1F9516B6B4F9C" author="Petkovski, T." box="[1163,1372,1737,1763]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="125 - 141" refId="ref57957" refString="Petkovski, T. (1973) Subterrane Susswasser-Harpacticoida von Kuba (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Resultats des expeditions biospeologiques cubano-romaines a Cuba, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania Str. Gutenberg 3 bis, Bucuresti, 1, 125 - 141." type="journal article" year="1973">Petkovski, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA61FDF9686C924E75" authority="(Borutzky, 1978)" authorityName="Karanovic & Hancock" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Borutzky" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[151,677,1776,1802]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Reidnitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="djirgalanica" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA61FDF9686FE24E76" box="[151,469,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Reidnitocrella djirgalanica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA608FF9686CA94E75" author="Borutzky, E. V." box="[485,670,1776,1802]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="65 - 91" refId="ref55970" refString="Borutzky, E. V. (1978) Copepoda - Harpacticoida from subterranean waters of Tian-Shania. Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeia MGU, 16, 65 - 91. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Borutzky, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF99FFCA63C4F9686D074E75" box="[686,816,1776,1802]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA6205F9686A1E4E75" author="Petkovski, T." box="[879,1065,1776,1802]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="125 - 141" refId="ref57957" refString="Petkovski, T. (1973) Subterrane Susswasser-Harpacticoida von Kuba (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Resultats des expeditions biospeologiques cubano-romaines a Cuba, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania Str. Gutenberg 3 bis, Bucuresti, 1, 125 - 141." type="journal article" year="1973">Petkovski 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA655CF9686ADD4E75" author="Borutzky, E. V." box="[1078,1258,1776,1802]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="65 - 91" refId="ref55970" refString="Borutzky, E. V. (1978) Copepoda - Harpacticoida from subterranean waters of Tian-Shania. Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeia MGU, 16, 65 - 91. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1978">Borutzky 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the enormous spermatophore, occupying nearly half of the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA62E4F88F6B4B4E4F" authority="Lee & Huys, 2002" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[910,1404,1814,1840]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humphreysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA62E4F88F6AA34E4F" box="[910,1172,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Inermipes humphreysi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF99FFCA65F6F88E6B4B4E4F" author="Lee, W. & Huys, R." box="[1180,1404,1814,1840]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref57373" refString="Lee, W. & Huys, R. (2002) A new genus of groundwater Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from boreholes in Western Australia and the artificial status of Stygonitocrella Petkovski, 1976. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 68, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Huys, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is remarkable and it has not been reported so far in any other ameirid. Another autapomorphic feature of this genus is the enlarged first exopodal segment of all swimming legs. These two characters are sufficient to define
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA6182F8136F6A4EDB" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[232,349,1931,1956]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA6182F8136F6A4EDB" box="[232,349,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Inermipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate genus, but, being uninformative, were not included in the cladistic analysis of
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF99FFCA61FDF8296F4E4EB5" box="[151,377,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF99FFCA61FDF8296F7F4EB5" authorityName="Reid, Hunt & Stanley" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,328,1969,1994]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Stygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Stygonitocrella</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF99FFCA6025F8296F4E4EB5" box="[335,377,1969,1994]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4253686FF9AFFC961AFFF006FC64B01" blockId="42.[151,1436,152,869]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
The interestingly constricted habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC963FEFF006D0349CE" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[660,820,152,178]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humphreysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC963FEFF006CA949CE" box="[660,670,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC963C6FF006D0349CE" box="[684,820,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">humphreysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also observed in one newly described species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC9607BFF266C3249A8" authority="Karanovic & Hancock, 2009" authorityName="Karanovic & Hancock" authorityYear="2009" box="[273,517,190,215]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Megastygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC9607BFF266C3249A8" box="[273,517,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Megastygonitocrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96367FF266C4A49A7" bold="true" box="[525,637,190,216]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF9AFFC96367FF266C4A49A7" box="[525,637,190,216]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see below), but probably originated convergently in the two taxa. Reductions in the armature of the mouth appendages and antennula observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC9653FFF7D6AFC4981" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[1109,1227,229,254]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC9653FFF7D6AFC4981" box="[1109,1227,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Inermipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also found in some other members of this group of freshwater ameirids and seem to be of limited phylogenetic importance, although many species have these characters only partly described or completely unknown. For example, a completely absent maxillular endopod was reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC9625CFEC06DEC480E" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[822,987,344,370]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humphreysi">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC9625CFEC06D77480E" box="[822,832,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">I</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC9623AFEC06DEC480E" box="[848,987,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">humphreysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96286FEC06BAB480E" authority="Karanovic & Hancock, 2009" authorityName="Karanovic & Hancock" authorityYear="2009" box="[1004,1436,344,369]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Kimberleynitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="billhumphreysi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96286FEC06BAB480E" box="[1004,1436,344,369]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kimberleynitocrella billhumphreysi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC961FDFEE66F7C48E7" bold="true" box="[151,331,382,408]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF9AFFC961FDFEE66F7C48E7" box="[151,331,382,408]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96030FEE66D0448E7" authority="Rouch, 1992" authorityName="Rouch" authorityYear="1992" box="[346,819,382,408]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Psammonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96030FEE66CAF48E8" box="[346,664,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Psammonitocrella boultoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC963F5FEE66D0448E7" author="Rouch, R." box="[671,819,382,408]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="149 - 157" refId="ref58190" refString="Rouch, R. (1992) Un nouveau genre d'Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) dans le milieu hyporheique d'un cours d'eau de l'Arizona. Stygologia, 7, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1992">Rouch, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96206FEE66B0D48E7" authority="(Noodt, 1965)" baseAuthorityName="Noodt" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[876,1338,382,408]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Stygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96206FEE66ABC48E8" box="[876,1163,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stygonitocrella montana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC965F0FEE66B0648E7" author="Noodt, W." box="[1178,1329,382,408]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="84 - 128" refId="ref57650" refString="Noodt, W. (1965) Crustacea subterranean aus Argentinien. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna, 4, 84 - 128." type="journal article" year="1965">Noodt, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this appendage is unknown in 11 species (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="8918033DFF9AFFC963E3FE3C6CD348C1" box="[649,740,420,446]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Character matrix for the phylogenetic analysis between species of Stygonitocrella s. l. Note that several species previously described or relocated to new genera as well as three of the seven new Australian species described herein are listed with their correct generic placement, while all others are presented as if belonging to the genus Stygonitocrella Reid, Hunt & Stanley, 2003." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, characters 10 & 11 and also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC9652CFE3C6ADD48C1" author="Noodt, W." box="[1094,1258,420,446]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="84 - 128" refId="ref57650" refString="Noodt, W. (1965) Crustacea subterranean aus Argentinien. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna, 4, 84 - 128." type="journal article" year="1965">Noodt (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC9659DFE3C6BAC48C1" author="Rouch, R." box="[1271,1435,420,446]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="149 - 157" refId="ref58190" refString="Rouch, R. (1992) Un nouveau genre d'Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) dans le milieu hyporheique d'un cours d'eau de l'Arizona. Stygologia, 7, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1992">Rouch (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC961A2FE536F80489A" author="Lee, W. & Huys, R." box="[200,439,459,485]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref57373" refString="Lee, W. & Huys, R. (2002) A new genus of groundwater Ameiridae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from boreholes in Western Australia and the artificial status of Stygonitocrella Petkovski, 1976. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 68, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="2002">Lee & Huys (2002))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. A first antennular segment without any armature is found in, besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC9658EFE536B6E489B" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[1252,1369,459,484]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC9658EFE536B6E489B" box="[1252,1369,459,484]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Inermipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC960E5FE696C504B75" authorityName="Huys" authorityYear="2009" box="[399,615,497,522]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Psammonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC960E5FE696C504B75" box="[399,615,497,522]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Psammonitocrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96279FE696EEC4B4D" authority="(Suarez-Morales & Iliffe, 2005)" authorityName="Karanovic & Hancock" authorityYear="2009" baseAuthorityName="Suarez-Morales & Iliffe" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Eduardonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96279FE696A534B75" box="[787,1124,497,522]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Eduardonitocrella mexicana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC9651FFE696EE44B4D" author="Suarez-Morales, E. & Iliffe, T. M." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="215 - 228" refId="ref58295" refString="Suarez-Morales, E. & Iliffe, T. M. (2005) A new Stygonitocrella Petkovski (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from a cave in Northern Mexico with comments on the taxonomy of the genus. Hydrobiologia, 544, 215 - 228." type="journal article" year="2005">Suárez-Morales & Iliffe, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EDDD57EFFF9AFFC9618EFD806F514B4D" box="[228,358,536,562]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
It is one of the most important apomorphic characters (probably homoplastic!) that groups these dissimilar ameirids in the same clade (see the Discussion part of this paper), although they are probably not very closely related at all.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4253686FF9AFFC961AFFD136D5F4A1A" blockId="42.[151,1436,152,869]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Two other problematic species on this branch are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96206FD136B544BDA" authority="(Miura, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Miura" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[876,1379,651,677]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Neonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96206FD136AA84BDB" box="[876,1183,651,676]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Neonitocrella insularis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC965D9FD136B6D4BDA" author="Miura, Y." box="[1203,1370,651,677]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref57472" refString="Miura, Y. (1962) Subterranean harpacticoid copepods of the Amami Group of the Ryukyu Islands. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 35, 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="1962">Miura, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC961FDFD296C894BB4" authority="(Petkovski, 1973)" baseAuthorityName="Petkovski" baseAuthorityYear="1973" box="[151,702,689,715]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Stygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orghidani">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC961FDFD296FE34BB5" box="[151,468,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stygonitocrella orghidani</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC9608CFD296C824BB4" author="Petkovski, T." box="[486,693,689,715]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="125 - 141" refId="ref57957" refString="Petkovski, T. (1973) Subterrane Susswasser-Harpacticoida von Kuba (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Resultats des expeditions biospeologiques cubano-romaines a Cuba, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania Str. Gutenberg 3 bis, Bucuresti, 1, 125 - 141." type="journal article" year="1973">Petkovski, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter one is so poorly described that we include it as
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC961FDFD406F094B8E" box="[151,318,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||
in the newly redefined genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC963C5FD406A894B8D" authority="Reid, Hunt & Stanley, 2003" authorityName="Reid, Hunt & Stanley" authorityYear="2003" box="[687,1214,728,754]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Stygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC963C5FD406D524B8E" box="[687,869,728,753]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stygonitocrella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC96207FD406A894B8D" author="Reid, J. W. & Hunt, G. W. & Stanley, E. H." box="[877,1214,728,754]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="996 - 1006" refId="ref58100" refString="Reid, J. W., Hunt, G. W. & Stanley, E. H. (2003) A new species of Stygonitocrella (Crustacea: Copepoda: Ameiridae), the first report of the genus in North America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 116, 996 - 1006." type="journal article" year="2003">Reid, Hunt & Stanley, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above). Both species share with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96017FD666FC24A68" authorityName="Lee & Huys" authorityYear="2002" box="[381,501,766,791]" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Inermipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96017FD666FC24A68" box="[381,501,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Inermipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a reduced armature on the third endopodal segment of the first leg (
|
||
<tableCitation id="8918033DFF9AFFC96452FD666BA14A67" box="[1336,1430,766,792]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,241,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Character matrix for the phylogenetic analysis between species of Stygonitocrella s. l. Note that several species previously described or relocated to new genera as well as three of the seven new Australian species described herein are listed with their correct generic placement, while all others are presented as if belonging to the genus Stygonitocrella Reid, Hunt & Stanley, 2003." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, character 22), which probably is a homoplastic character as it was also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039A4D05FF9AFFC96524FCBD6F1B4A1A" authority="Rouch, 1985" authorityName="Rouch" authorityYear="1985" class="Hexanauplia" family="Ameiridae" genus="Stygonitocrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Harpacticoida" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guadalfensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6EEEA94FF9AFFC96524FCBD6BAC4A41" box="[1102,1435,805,830]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stygonitocrella guadalfensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC961FDFCD36F1B4A1A" author="Rouch, R." box="[151,300,843,869]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="118 - 127" refId="ref58160" refString="Rouch, R. (1985) Une nouvelle Stygonitocrella (Copepoda, Harpacticoidea) des eaux souterraines d'Andalousie, Espagne. Stygologia, 1, 118 - 127." type="journal article" year="1985">Rouch, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC96000FCD36FC04A1A" author="Miura, Y." box="[362,503,843,869]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref57472" refString="Miura, Y. (1962) Subterranean harpacticoid copepods of the Amami Group of the Ryukyu Islands. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 35, 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="1962">Miura 1962</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC96369FCD36C8B4A1A" author="Petkovski, T." box="[515,700,843,869]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="125 - 141" refId="ref57957" refString="Petkovski, T. (1973) Subterrane Susswasser-Harpacticoida von Kuba (Vorlaufige Mitteilung). Resultats des expeditions biospeologiques cubano-romaines a Cuba, Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania Str. Gutenberg 3 bis, Bucuresti, 1, 125 - 141." type="journal article" year="1973">Petkovski 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A00B4B77FF9AFFC963A2FCD36D6C4A1A" author="Rouch, R." box="[712,859,843,869]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="118 - 127" refId="ref58160" refString="Rouch, R. (1985) Une nouvelle Stygonitocrella (Copepoda, Harpacticoidea) des eaux souterraines d'Andalousie, Espagne. Stygologia, 1, 118 - 127." type="journal article" year="1985">Rouch 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |