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<document id="28A8E59E75DD7CA92E006945142FC3F8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195714" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0e838e4-82b0-440b-b876-b62afe416245" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195714" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460232702517" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Toledo, Luís Felipe" docDate="2010" docId="E5755A6BFF9E96455BFAFC43FAD42EB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02496p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2496" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Elachistocleis magnus Toledo, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="194C2213FF9F96415B6DFFACFFA02864" masterDocTitle="A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura; Microhylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698239093469" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F9A75B1C64EDA530F6BC44403704027E">A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura; Microhylidae) from the Brazilian Amazon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F82B2323C58F2CB58DA63A910AB01061">Toledo, Luís Felipe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1BFC2D55C10F56216C670AA7B4DC60F3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="864FD41FDAE40D78188B8FA40613B8E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="81F06FB81439B64399505255E8508A46">
<mods:date id="20C9A9CF75AB0D2CC47F6E67A9EA0214">2010</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="625F893D0C6CAD72FC7EF82C645A40B2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4C1ADDEB056D1A56CD8040D1E64F59C3">2496</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DB5AF952D44F0597E8CAA2FA313448A8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="125AA7A8A119DB1375DD427E256441F2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.195714</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9874E408DC2951562E2EEA4CEB30B32E" type="GBIF-Dataset">d0e838e4-82b0-440b-b876-b62afe416245</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1BD1F62E1525428442C81D53DFAEB930" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2EFF3D66C53F539287D43B04C9C70E10" type="Zenodo-Dep">195714</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E5755A6BFF9E96455BFAFC43FAD42EB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5658429" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119387525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5658429" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E5755A6BFF9E96455BFAFC43FAD42EB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E5755A6BFF9E96455BFAFC43FAD42EB0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="25C6B8F6FF9E96405BFAFC43FE4F2C6D" box="[151,495,1007,1033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9E96405BFAFC43FE4F2C6D" blockId="1.[151,495,1007,1033]" box="[151,495,1007,1033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="362B5C11FF9E96405BFAFC43FE4F2C6D" bold="true" box="[151,495,1007,1033]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BFAFC43FE4F2C6D" bold="true" box="[151,495,1007,1033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9E96405BFAFC43FE062C6D" ID-CoL="38X3B" box="[151,422,1007,1033]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BFAFC43FE062C6D" bold="true" box="[151,422,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Elachistocleis magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449B8A14FF9E96405AC0FC43FE4F2C6D" box="[429,495,1007,1033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25C6B8F6FF9E96405BFAFB9BFC862D68" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9E96405BFAFB9BFCE42CF8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1079,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BFAFB9BFEAF2C35" bold="true" box="[151,271,1079,1105]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<typeStatus id="B26755DFFF9E96405BFAFB9BFEAA2C35" box="[151,266,1079,1105]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="0BCD73B8FF9E96405A7AFB94FEC52C36" box="[279,357,1080,1106]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">ZUEC</collectionCode>
11384, adult male, collected at Fazenda Jaburi, in the municipality of Espigão do Oeste, (11º35' –
<geoCoordinate id="08E88DBAFF9E96405A64FBF1FECD2C13" box="[265,365,1117,1143]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="-11.633333">11º38' S</geoCoordinate>
, 60º41' –
<geoCoordinate id="08E88DBAFF9E96405A88FBF1FDF62C13" box="[485,598,1117,1143]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" precision="925" value="-60.75">60º45' W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E9640590EFBF1FD0F2C13" box="[611,687,1117,1143]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="m" value="280.0">280 m</quantity>
a.s.l.) (
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9E96405864FBF1FC672C13" author="Bernarde" box="[777,967,1117,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="67" refString="Bernarde, P. S. (2007) Ambientes e temporada de vocalizacao da anurofauna no Municipio de Espigao do Oeste, Rondonia, Sudoeste da Amazonia - Brasil (Amphibia: Anura). Biota Neotropica, 7 (2), 87 - 92. Caramaschi, U. &amp; Jim, J. (1983) A new microhylid frog, genus Elachistocleis (Amphibia, Anura), from northeastern Brasil. Herpetologica, 39 (4), 390 - 394." type="journal article" year="2007">Bernarde, 2007</bibRefCitation>
), state of Rondônia,
<collectingCountry id="15CBABEDFF9E96405FACFBF1FAAD2C13" box="[1217,1293,1117,1143]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on
<date id="1962CDBDFF9E96405E52FBF1FF722CF8" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" value="1997-01">January 1997</date>
by P. S. Bernarde and M. N. C. Kokubum (
<figureCitation id="F5E7F7F8FF9E964059A2FB2EFC932CF8" box="[719,819,1154,1180]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[404,1197,394,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[378,1210,351,1363]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Elachistocleis magnus sp. n., ZUEC 11384 (holotype; adult male). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head. Ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195715/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figure 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9E96405BABFB0BFC862D68" blockId="1.[151,1437,1079,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BABFB0BFED92CA5" bold="true" box="[198,377,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Paratopotypes.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="0BCD73B8FF9E96405AECFB04FE6E2CA6" box="[385,462,1192,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">CFHB</collectionCode>
5156, 5158 (adult female and male, respectively) collected on
<date id="1962CDBDFF9E96405FD2FB04FA992CA6" box="[1215,1337,1192,1218]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" value="2001-05">May 2001</date>
by P. S. Bernarde;
<collectionCode id="0BCD73B8FF9E96405A7FFB61FEFF2C83" box="[274,351,1229,1255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q7f-dnij" name="Universidade Estadual Paulista" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">CFBH</collectionCode>
5157 (juvenile) collected on
<date id="1962CDBDFF9E964059DAFB61FC972C83" box="[695,823,1229,1255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" value="2001-04">April 2001</date>
by P. S. Bernarde;
<collectionCode id="0BCD73B8FF9E96405F74FB61FBC62C83" box="[1049,1126,1229,1255]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">ZUEC</collectionCode>
11381-83 (adult females), and 11385-86 (adult males) collected with the
<typeStatus id="B26755DFFF9E964059D5FB5EFC832D68" box="[696,803,1266,1292]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25C6B8F6FF9E96405BABFABBFBAF2DAA" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9E96405BABFABBFBAF2DAA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1079,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BABFABBFDFA2D55" box="[198,602,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BABFABBFEE62D55" bold="true" box="[198,326,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9E96405A3DFAB4FDFA2D55" box="[336,602,1304,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">Elachistocleis magnus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) ventral coloration in preserved individuals is white with gray spots or gray with white spots (depending on the prevalence of one of the colors); 2) grayish dorsum in preserved individuals; 3) presence of postcommissural glands, behind the corner of mouth; 4) lack of red blotches in the interior portion of legs or red stripes in the legs; and 5) SVL larger than
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E964059A1FA18FCBE2DAA" box="[716,798,1460,1486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
in adult individuals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25C6B8F6FF9E96425BABFA76FD3D28B3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9E96435BABFA76FACC2923" blockId="1.[151,1437,1079,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,327]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405BABFA76FDBA2D90" bold="true" box="[198,538,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="B26755DFFF9E96405AC6FA76FDB42D90" box="[427,532,1498,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
ZUEC 11384. Adult male (
<figureCitation id="F5E7F7F8FF9E9640580BFA76FC6B2D90" box="[870,971,1498,1524]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1364,1388]" captionTargetBox="[404,1197,394,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[378,1210,351,1363]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Elachistocleis magnus sp. n., ZUEC 11384 (holotype; adult male). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head. Ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195715/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Figure 1</figureCitation>
). Body robust, ovoid, SVL
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E96405E71FA76FA382D90" box="[1308,1432,1498,1524]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.176" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="31.76">31.76 mm</quantity>
, AGL 43.51 % of the SVL. Texture of the dorsal skin and undersurface of the body smooth. Skin on ventrolateral surfaces of body and area around the cloacal smooth. Anal flap absent; vent opening positioned posterodorsally. Head small and triangular, broader than long, HL 20.87 % of the SVL. No cranial crests. A conspicuous dorsolateral skin fold from back of the head to the anterior insertion of the arm. Another conspicuous lateral skin fold from the upper region of arm to the groin. A third skin fold crossing the chest between the axillae. Small eyes, slightly prominent. Snout pointed in dorsal view, protruding in lateral view. Nostrils directed anterolaterally, slightly protuberant. Choanae relatively small and round. Internarial distance narrow.
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9E96405B9AF8A9FE652F7A" box="[247,453,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="64">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
distinct, slightly convex. Loreal region slightly concave. Interorbital space slightly convex. Lips nearly horizontal. Presence of large post-commissural glands (PCGL 53 % of HL) behind the corner of mouth. Tympanum concealed. Supratympanic fold absent. Upper jaw projects
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E96405FC4F8FCFAB22F0E" box="[1193,1298,1872,1898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="1.69">1.69 mm</quantity>
beyond the lower jaw. Subgular vocal sac not expanded externally. Vocal slits present. Vomerine odontophores absent. Tongue large, elliptic. Arms robust and short. Fingers robust, short, free. Finger length I&lt;IV&lt;II&lt;III. Legs extremely robust. Almost equal lengths of thigh, tibia and foot THL
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E964058D1F86CFB962FBE" box="[956,1078,1984,2010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.175" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="11.75">11.75 mm</quantity>
, TBL
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E96405FEDF86CFB572FBE" box="[1152,1271,1984,2010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.186" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="11.86">11.86 mm</quantity>
and FL
<quantity id="AA244698FF9E96435E37F86CFF6A28D6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="65" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.465" pageId="1" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="14.65">14.65 mm</quantity>
. Toes robust and free. Toe length I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV. Finger and toes without webbing, fringes or ridges. Finger and toes tips rounded not flattened or expanded into discs. Conspicuous subarticular tubercles present on the basis of hands and feet. Supernumerary tubercles absent in hands and feet. Large oval inner metatarsal tubercle. Outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Presence of a large oval thenar tubercle and a longitudinally divided palmar tubercle in hand. Nuptial asperities on males' thumb absent. No prepollex or forearm fold.
</paragraph>
<caption id="39A3BBF5FF9D96435BFAFAF8FD9B2DEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195715/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[404,1197,394,1363]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9D96435BFAFAF8FD9B2DEF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1364,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435BFAFAF8FEB92D08" bold="true" box="[151,281,1364,1388]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9D96435A72FAF8FDAE2D0F" box="[287,526,1364,1387]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435A72FAF8FDAE2D0F" box="[287,526,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Elachistocleis magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449B8A14FF9D96435978FAF8FDEF2D0F" box="[533,591,1364,1387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ZUEC 11384 (holotype; adult male). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head. Ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9D96435BABFA18FB5E2ECA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1460,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435BABFA18FEF02DAA" bold="true" box="[198,336,1460,1486]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Coloration.</emphasis>
In preservative (70 % ethanol), dorsum and limbs are uniform dark grayish, with scarce minute brighter dots in the outer boundaries of the dorsum. Presence of a slim mid-dorsal (vertebral) white stripe, from the vent to the anterior third of the dorsum. Belly gray with minute scattered with white spots, mainly in the belly and ventral surfaces of legs. There are large irregular white spots in the groin and in the axillary region. There is also a broad, not well defined femoral light stripe. Throat brownish dark, darker than chest and belly. The chest presents a large yellowish blotch. In life the general coloration was quite the same but the inguinal spots and femoral stripe were yellow (P. S. Bernarde, personal communication).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9D96435BABF915FF4A2FEA" blockId="2.[151,1437,1460,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435BABF915FE9B2EB7" bold="true" box="[198,315,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Va r ia ti o n.</emphasis>
Females are larger than males (see
<tableCitation id="205EDEC6FF9D96435988F916FC9C2EB0" box="[741,828,1722,1748]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1417,202,946]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of the holotype and paratypes of Elachistocleis magnus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39A3BBF5FF9B96455BFAFF3BFBA828CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="39A3BBF5FF9B96455BFAFF3BFBA828CB">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The throat of males is darker than the ones of the females ones (the throat of females is of the same color of the belly). The vertebral stripe may or may not be present in adult individuals. When present, it never reached the read in the observed individuals. The ventral spots may reach the flanks and the groin region of the animals. The white blotches in the groin and inner portions of the legs vary in size and shape. In half of the individuals blotches are present in the dorsal surface of feet.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9D96435BABF835FC172FD0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1460,2009]" box="[198,951,1945,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435BABF835FDA62FD7" bold="true" box="[198,518,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
Only known from the
<typeStatus id="B26755DFFF9D9643584DF836FCF32FD0" box="[800,851,1946,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9D96425BABF813FD3D28B3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1460,2009]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,215]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435BABF813FD442FBC" box="[198,740,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435BABF813FE722FBD" bold="true" box="[198,466,1983,2009]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9D96435AB6F813FD442FBC" box="[475,740,1983,2008]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">Elachistocleis magnus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
was misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9D96435887F813FBF32FBC" box="[1002,1107,1983,2008]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9D96435887F813FBF32FBC" box="[1002,1107,1983,2008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="65">E. ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9D96435FEEF813FAE62FBD" author="Bernarde" box="[1155,1350,1983,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Bernarde, P. S. (2007) Ambientes e temporada de vocalizacao da anurofauna no Municipio de Espigao do Oeste, Rondonia, Sudoeste da Amazonia - Brasil (Amphibia: Anura). Biota Neotropica, 7 (2), 87 - 92. Caramaschi, U. &amp; Jim, J. (1983) A new microhylid frog, genus Elachistocleis (Amphibia, Anura), from northeastern Brasil. Herpetologica, 39 (4), 390 - 394." type="journal article" year="2007">Bernarde (2007)</bibRefCitation>
during anuran fauna study in Jaburi farm. This species calls during October to March (wet season) in temporary ponds in the pasture areas (
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9C96425AB8FF11FD3128B3" author="Bernarde" box="[469,657,189,215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="67" refString="Bernarde, P. S. (2007) Ambientes e temporada de vocalizacao da anurofauna no Municipio de Espigao do Oeste, Rondonia, Sudoeste da Amazonia - Brasil (Amphibia: Anura). Biota Neotropica, 7 (2), 87 - 92. Caramaschi, U. &amp; Jim, J. (1983) A new microhylid frog, genus Elachistocleis (Amphibia, Anura), from northeastern Brasil. Herpetologica, 39 (4), 390 - 394." type="journal article" year="2007">Bernarde, 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="39A3BBF5FF9C96425BFAFC74FA3B2B8B" box="[151,1435,984,1008]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[162,1401,279,945]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9C96425BFAFC74FA3B2B8B" blockId="3.[151,1435,984,1008]" box="[151,1435,984,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BFAFC74FEB92B94" bold="true" box="[151,281,984,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views of the holotype (ZUEC 11384; adult male) of
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425F01FC75FAFB2B94" box="[1132,1371,985,1008]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425F01FC75FAFB2B94" box="[1132,1371,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Elachistocleis magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="449B8A14FF9C96425E0FFC74FA3B2B8B" box="[1378,1435,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="25C6B8F6FF9C96425BABFB83FDB52E1D" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9C96425BABFB83FEE22CF0" blockId="3.[151,1437,1071,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BABFB83FEEE2C2D" bold="true" box="[198,334,1071,1097]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is an adjective derived from Latin meaning large, in allusion to the great size of this species in comparison to its congeners. It is one of the largest described species for the genus
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425BFAFBD6FE9B2CF7" box="[151,315,1146,1171]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BFAFBD6FE9B2CF7" box="[151,315,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Elachistocleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9C96425BABFB33FDB52E1D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1071,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BABFB33FDED2CDD" bold="true" box="[198,589,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
From
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C964259CEFB0CFC072CDD" box="[675,935,1184,1209]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C964259CEFB0CFC072CDD" box="[675,935,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Elachistocleis bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425884FB0CFBF42CDD" box="[1001,1108,1184,1209]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425884FB0CFBF42CDD" box="[1001,1108,1184,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. ovalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the new species is readily distinguished by not presenting the immaculate, yellow, ventral coloration (belly gray with minute scattered with white spots in
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425AEEFB46FDA02D67" box="[387,512,1258,1283]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425AEEFB46FDA02D67" box="[387,512,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (see
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9C96425927FB46FC8C2D60" author="Lavilla" box="[586,812,1258,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Lavilla, E. O., Vaira, M. &amp; Ferrari, L. (2003) A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Andean Yungas of Argentina, with comments on the Elachistocleis ovalis - E. bicolor controversy. Amphibia-Reptilia, 24, 269 - 284." type="journal article" year="2003">Lavilla et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="F5E7F7F8FF9C96425805FB46FC6F2D60" box="[872,975,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,984,1008]" captionTargetBox="[162,1401,279,945]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,255,992]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views of the holotype (ZUEC 11384; adult male) of Elachistocleis magnus sp. n." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). From
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425F43FB46FA992D60" authority="Kwet" authorityName="Kwet" box="[1070,1337,1258,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425F43FB46FB512D67" box="[1070,1265,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
Kwet
</taxonomicName>
and Di- Bernardo, 1998 it is distinguished by the absence of the reddish coloration of the ventral portion of its body. From
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425BB2FA99FDFA2D2B" authority="Daudin, 1802" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[223,602,1333,1359]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BB2FA99FE3C2D2A" box="[223,412,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. surinamensis</emphasis>
(Daudin, 1802)
</taxonomicName>
it is distinguished by differences in body coloration (see plate XIII in
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9C96425BFAFAF6FE8E2D10" author="Kenny" box="[151,302,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Kenny, J. S. (1969) The Amphibia of Trinidad. In: P. W. Hummelinck (Ed.). Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean islands, 108, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1969">Kenny, 1969</bibRefCitation>
and Figure
<quantity id="AA244698FF9C96425AD3FAF6FE4B2D10" box="[446,491,1370,1396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9C96425A9EFAF6FD762D10" author="Toledo" box="[499,726,1370,1396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Toledo, L. F., Loebmann, D. &amp; Haddad, C. F. B. (2010). Revalidation and redescription of Elachistocleis cesarii (Miranda- Ribeiro, 1920) (Anura: Microhylidae). Zootaxa, 2418, 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="2010">Toledo et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
), bluish dorsum and presence of red blotches in the internal region of the legs of
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425AE1FA2CFDE82DFD" box="[396,584,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425AE1FA2CFDE82DFD" box="[396,584,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and grayish dorsum and absence of red stripes in the legs in
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425E75FA2CFA342DFD" box="[1304,1428,1408,1433]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425E75FA2CFA342DFD" box="[1304,1428,1408,1433]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. From
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425B88FA09FE022DDA" box="[229,418,1445,1470]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skotogaster">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425B88FA09FE022DDA" box="[229,418,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. skotogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is distinguished by presenting large post-commissural glands (absent in
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425EECFA09FE822D87" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skotogaster">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425EECFA09FE822D87" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. skotogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). From
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425AE9FA66FE5D2D87" box="[388,509,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425AE9FA66FE5D2D87" box="[388,509,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425961FA66FD212D87" box="[524,641,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cesarii">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425961FA66FD212D87" box="[524,641,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. cesarii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C964259FCFA66FBD92D80" authority="Caramaschi and Jim, 1983" authorityName="Caramaschi and Jim" authorityYear="1983" box="[657,1145,1482,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piauiensis">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C964259FCFA66FC8D2D87" box="[657,813,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. piauiensis</emphasis>
Caramaschi and Jim, 1983
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425FD7FA66FAC62D87" box="[1210,1382,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skotogaster">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425FD7FA66FAC62D87" box="[1210,1382,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. skotogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is distinguished by having a larger SVL in males (greater than
<quantity id="AA244698FF9C96425838FA43FC072E6D" box="[853,935,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
in males of
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425F58FA5CFB102E6D" box="[1077,1200,1520,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425F58FA5CFB102E6D" box="[1077,1200,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and smaller than
<quantity id="AA244698FF9C96425E12FA43FF652E4B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="29.0">29 mm</quantity>
in males of the other referred species).
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C964259C7F9B9FC182E4A" box="[682,952,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C964259C7F9B9FC182E4A" box="[682,952,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Elachistocleis magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also larger than
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425FCFF9B9FAC62E4A" box="[1186,1382,1557,1582]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425FCFF9B9FAC62E4A" box="[1186,1382,1557,1582]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but there is a small overlap in the SVL of these species (SVL range
<quantity id="AA244698FF9C964258EAF996FBE02E30" box="[903,1088,1594,1620]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" metricValueMax="3.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="2.91" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="30.7" valueMax="32.3" valueMin="29.1">29.1 – 32.3 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425F0BF996FA842E37" box="[1126,1316,1594,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="erythrogaster">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425F0BF996FA842E37" box="[1126,1316,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. erythrogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and SVL range
<quantity id="AA244698FF9C96425BB2F9F3FE212E1D" box="[223,385,1631,1657]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6868" metricValueMax="9.2964" metricValueMin="8.0772" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="34.2" valueMax="36.6" valueMin="31.8">31.8 – 36.6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C96425AE5F9CCFDA42E1D" box="[392,516,1632,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425AE5F9CCFDA42E1D" box="[392,516,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">E. magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25C6B8F6FF9C96455BABF929FAD42EB0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9C96425BABF929FE172F1B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1071,1919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BABF929FEF12EFA" bold="true" box="[198,337,1668,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C96425BABF929FEEA2EFB" bold="true" box="[198,330,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Discussion</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
While investigating museum specimens and pictures of live individuals from different sites in South
<collectingCountry id="15CBABEDFF9C96425B88F906FEEF2EA0" box="[229,335,1706,1732]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">America</collectingCountry>
, I have noticed several different morphotypes (in regard to external morphology and classic measurements) assigned to the genus
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9C9642590CF97CFCAA2E8D" box="[609,778,1744,1769]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9C9642590CF97CFCAA2E8D" box="[609,778,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="66">Elachistocleis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These different forms (in body coloration and shape) may represent different species that need to be evaluated, such as early suggestions based on the record of different advertisement calls (
<bibRefCitation id="094D968CFF9C9642596AF8B6FD122F50" author="Nelson" box="[519,690,1818,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" refString="Nelson, C. E. (1973) Mating calls of the Microhylinae: descriptions and phylogenetic and ecological considerations. Herpetologica, 29 (2), 163 - 176." type="journal article" year="1973">Nelson, 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, further taxonomical work within this group is a necessity, reinforced by the fact that habitat destruction is getting faster recently and declines of undescribed species may be ongoing.
</paragraph>
<caption id="39A3BBF5FF9B96455BFAFF3BFBA828CB" ID-Table-UUID="39A3BBF5FF9B96455BFAFF3BFBA828CB" box="[151,1032,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39A3BBF5FF9B96455BFAFF3BFBA828CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[151,1417,202,946]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9B96455BFAFF3BFBA828CB" blockId="4.[151,1032,151,175]" box="[151,1032,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9B96455BFAFF3BFEA828CB" bold="true" box="[151,264,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Measurements of the holotype and paratypes of
<taxonomicName id="AADC90FEFF9B9645587CFF34FBA128CB" box="[785,1025,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
<emphasis id="5FA8376FFF9B9645587CFF34FBA128CB" box="[785,1025,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Elachistocleis magnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9B96455939FF66FAEA2BF0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<table id="1FDC19DDFF9B69BE5BFAFF66FA292BD6" box="[151,1417,202,946]" gridcols="4" gridrows="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFF66FA292898" box="[151,1417,202,252]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FF66FCCA2898" box="[596,874,202,252]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Males including the holotype (N=4)</th>
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFF66FBD12898" box="[992,1137,202,252]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Females (N=4)</th>
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FF66FA292898" box="[1260,1417,202,252]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Holotype (male; ZUEC 11384)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFEA3FA292926" box="[151,1417,271,322]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFEA3FEFF2926" box="[151,351,271,322]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Sonut-vent length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FEA3FCCA2926" box="[596,874,271,322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">33.80 ± 2.05 (31.8 – 36.6)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFEA3FBD12926" box="[992,1137,271,322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">41.81 ± 1.94 (39.8 – 43.8)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FEA3FA292926" box="[1260,1417,271,322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">31.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFEF9FA2929E3" box="[151,1417,341,391]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFEF9FEFF29E3" box="[151,351,341,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Axila-groin length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FEF9FCCA29E3" box="[596,874,341,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">15.99 ± 1.51 (13.8 – 17.1)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFEF9FBD129E3" box="[992,1137,341,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">21.53 ± 1.46 (20.2 – 23.1)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FEF9FA2929E3" box="[1260,1417,341,391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">13.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFE36FA2929A8" box="[151,1417,410,460]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFE36FEFF29A8" box="[151,351,410,460]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Head length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FE36FCCA29A8" box="[596,874,410,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7.09 ± 0.41 (6.6 –7.6)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFE36FBD129A8" box="[992,1137,410,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7.94 ± 0.76 (7.0 – 8.7)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FE36FA2929A8" box="[1260,1417,410,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">6.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFE73FA292A76" box="[151,1417,479,530]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFE73FEFF2A76" box="[151,351,479,530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Head width</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FE73FCCA2A76" box="[596,874,479,530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">8.48 ± 0.51 (8.0 – 9.1)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFE73FBD12A76" box="[992,1137,479,530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">10.01 ± 0.60 (9.2 – 10.5)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FE73FA292A76" box="[1260,1417,479,530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">8.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFD89FA292A33" box="[151,1417,549,599]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFD89FEFF2A33" box="[151,351,549,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Eye diameter</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FD89FCCA2A33" box="[596,874,549,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.89 ± 0.62 (1.4 – 2.8)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFD89FBD12A33" box="[992,1137,549,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.85 ± 0.08 (1.7 – 1.9)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FD89FA292A33" box="[1260,1417,549,599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFDC6FA292AF8" box="[151,1417,618,668]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFDC6FEFF2AF8" box="[151,351,618,668]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Upper eyelid width</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FDC6FCCA2AF8" box="[596,874,618,668]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.23 ± 0.07 (1.1 – 1.3)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFDC6FBD12AF8" box="[992,1137,618,668]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.32 ± 0.19 (1.2 – 1.6)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FDC6FA292AF8" box="[1260,1417,618,668]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFD03FA292A86" box="[151,1417,687,738]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFD03FEFF2A86" box="[151,351,687,738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Eye-nostril distance</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FD03FCCA2A86" box="[596,874,687,738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2.65 ± 0.45 (2.1 – 3.1)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFD03FBD12A86" box="[992,1137,687,738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3.10 ± 0.35 (2.6 – 3.5)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FD03FA292A86" box="[1260,1417,687,738]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFD59FA292B43" box="[151,1417,757,807]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFD59FEFF2B43" box="[151,351,757,807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Interorbital distance</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FD59FCCA2B43" box="[596,874,757,807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3.56 ± 0.23 (3.3 – 3.8)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFD59FBD12B43" box="[992,1137,757,807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4.28 ± 0.53 (3.5 – 4.6)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FD59FA292B43" box="[1260,1417,757,807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFC96FA292B08" box="[151,1417,826,876]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFC96FEFF2B08" box="[151,351,826,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Internostril distance</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FC96FCCA2B08" box="[596,874,826,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.96 ± 0.31 (1.7 – 2.2)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFC96FBD12B08" box="[992,1137,826,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">2.20 ± 0.16 (2.1 – 2.4)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FC96FA292B08" box="[1260,1417,826,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFCD3FA292BD6" box="[151,1417,895,946]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFCD3FEFF2BD6" box="[151,351,895,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Snout-eye distance</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5939FCD3FCCA2BD6" box="[596,874,895,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3.83 ± 0.29 (3.5 – 4.2)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE588DFCD3FBD12BD6" box="[992,1137,895,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4.51 ± 0.38 (4.2 – 5.0)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5F81FCD3FA292BD6" box="[1260,1417,895,946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9B96455BF2FC69FAEA2BBE" blockId="4.[159,1354,965,1015]" box="[159,1354,965,986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Post-commissural gland maximum length 3.68 ± 0.46 4.68 ± 0.43 3.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9B964559C3FC4EFBFB2B93" blockId="4.[159,1354,965,1015]" box="[686,1115,994,1015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">(3.4 – 4.4) (4.4 – 5.3)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9B96455BF2FBA6FEDD2E78" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<table id="1FDC19DDFF9B69BE5BFAFBA6FA292E78" box="[151,1417,1034,1564]" gridcols="4" gridrows="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFBA6FA292C58" box="[151,1417,1034,1084]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFBA6FEDD2C58" box="[151,381,1034,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Humerus length</th>
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE59CFFBA6FCBE2C58" box="[674,798,1034,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">4.53 ± 0.82 (3.8 – 5.5)</th>
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5886FBA6FBC62C58" box="[1003,1126,1034,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">5.43 ± 1.17 (4.0 – 6.6)</th>
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5E48FBA6FA292C58" box="[1317,1417,1034,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">3.9</th>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFBE3FA292CE6" box="[151,1417,1103,1154]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFBE3FEDD2CE6" box="[151,381,1103,1154]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Radio-ulna length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE59CFFBE3FCBE2CE6" box="[674,798,1103,1154]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">5.60 ± 0.34 (5.1 – 5.9)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5886FBE3FBC62CE6" box="[1003,1126,1103,1154]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">6.78 ± 0.72 (6.1 – 7.8)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5E48FBE3FA292CE6" box="[1317,1417,1103,1154]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">5.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFB39FA292CA3" box="[151,1417,1173,1223]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFB39FEDD2CA3" box="[151,381,1173,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Hand length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE59CFFB39FCBE2CA3" box="[674,798,1173,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7.53 ± 0.54 (6.9 – 8.2)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5886FB39FBC62CA3" box="[1003,1126,1173,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">8.97 ± 1.06 (7.4 – 9.6)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5E48FB39FA292CA3" box="[1317,1417,1173,1223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">7.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFB76FA292D68" box="[151,1417,1242,1292]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFB76FEDD2D68" box="[151,381,1242,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Thigh length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE59CFFB76FCBE2D68" box="[674,798,1242,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">11.59 ± 0.83 (10.8 – 12.7)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5886FB76FBC62D68" box="[1003,1126,1242,1292]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">14.12 ± 0.82 (13.0 – 14.9)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5E48FB76FA292D68" box="[1317,1417,1242,1292]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">11.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFAB3FA292D36" box="[151,1417,1311,1362]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFAB3FEDD2D36" box="[151,381,1311,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Tibia length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE59CFFAB3FCBE2D36" box="[674,798,1311,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">12.28 ± 0.30 (11.9 – 12.6)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5886FAB3FBC62D36" box="[1003,1126,1311,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">15.16 ± 0.92 (13.9 – 15.9)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5E48FAB3FA292D36" box="[1317,1417,1311,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">11.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAFAC9FA292DF3" box="[151,1417,1381,1431]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAFAC9FEDD2DF3" box="[151,381,1381,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Foot length</th>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE59CFFAC9FCBE2DF3" box="[674,798,1381,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">14.84 ± 0.38 (14.4 – 15.2)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5886FAC9FBC62DF3" box="[1003,1126,1381,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">17.15 ± 1.11 (16.2 – 18.7)</td>
<td id="903D8043FF9B69BE5E48FAC9FA292DF3" box="[1317,1417,1381,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">14.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D3ECE93FFF9B69BE5BFAF9AEFA292E78" box="[151,1417,1538,1564]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="903D8043FF9B69BE5BFAF9AEFEDD2E78" box="[151,381,1538,1564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">Acknowledgments</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D63EB7DFF9B96455BFAF9E6FAD42EB0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1610,1748]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">
Esteban
<collectingCountry id="15CBABEDFF9B96455B92F9E6FEB82E00" box="[255,280,1610,1636]" name="Iceland" pageId="4" pageNumber="67">O</collectingCountry>
. Lavilla and Miguel Vences reviewed the manuscript. Paulo S. Bernarde provided unpublished information about live individuals. Célio F. B. Haddad, José Pombal Jr., and Hussan Zaher allowed the access to the amphibian collections CFBH, MNRJ, and MZUSP, respectively. Samira Rolim prepared the line drawings. FAPESP provided a grant (proc. no. 2008/50325-5) and a scholarship (proc. no. 2008/52847-9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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