212 lines
19 KiB
XML
212 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2032-3921-2-275" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EBD98FA6B3495F92AE5F49955ACA76C3" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6960718" ModsDocID="2032-3921-155-2-275" checkinTime="1667483787521" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lachenaud, Olivier & Delprete, Piero" docDate="2022" docId="AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF" docLanguage="en" docName="PlantEcolEvol 155(2): 275-300" docOrigin="Plant Ecology and Evolution 155 (2)" docPubDate="2022-08-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936" docTitle="Notopleura sandwithiana C. M. Taylor (Taylor 2004" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="EBD98FA6B3495F92AE5F49955ACA76C3" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="EBD98FA6B3495F92AE5F49955ACA76C3" masterDocTitle="Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura" masterLastPageNumber="300" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1667484089656" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Carapichea (Rubiaceae - Psychotrieae) in the Guianas, with two new combinations and transfer of three species to Notopleura</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lachenaud, Olivier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8972-4096</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">olivier.lachenaud@meisebotanicgarden.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Delprete, Piero</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbier de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Plant Ecology and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>155</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>275</mods:start>
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<mods:end>300</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.90936</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2032-3921-2-275</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EBD98FA6B3495F92AE5F49955ACA76C3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6960718</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="taxonomic treatment">
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AA8D66A6-F3E6-5649-BAE8-A3EDF024D1CF" authority="(Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor (Taylor 2004: 663)" authorityName="C. M. Taylor (Taylor" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Steyerm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Notopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notopleura sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">Notopleura sandwithiana (Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor (Taylor 2004: 663)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Cephaelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cephaelis sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">Cephaelis sandwithiana</taxonomicName>
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Steyerm. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" editor="Maguire, B & coll" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="230 - 436" refId="B42" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1967. Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B & coll, Ed., (Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436" title="Rubiaceae." volume="17" volumeTitle="(Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII." year="1967">Steyermark 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 428, figure 42)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychotria sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">Psychotria sandwithiana</taxonomicName>
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(Steyerm.) Steyerm. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" editor="Maguire, B & coll" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="227 - 832" refId="B43" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1972. Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B & coll, Ed., (Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part IX. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 23: 227 - 832" title="Rubiaceae." volume="23" volumeTitle="(Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part IX." year="1972">Steyermark 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 555)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Carapichea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carapichea sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">Carapichea sandwithiana</taxonomicName>
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(Steyerm.) C.M.Taylor (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3417/2011064" author="Taylor, CM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="100 - 127" refId="B52" refString="Taylor, CM, Gereau, RE, 2013. The genus Carapichea (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 99: 100 - 127, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3417/2011064" title="The genus Carapichea (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3417/2011064" volume="99" year="2013">Taylor and Gereau 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 122)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1962-09-03" collectorName="B. Maguire, J. A. Steyermark, C. K. Maguire" country="VENEZUELA" county="Along Rio Framela" elevation="400" location="Cerro Piton" municipality="Rio Framela" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
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-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">
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<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar">Bolivar</collectingRegion>
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</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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•
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<collectingCounty>
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Along
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<collectingMunicipality>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Framela
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</collectingMunicipality>
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</collectingCounty>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF:281B07E82893CA96F6E8116AC06193C4" country="VENEZUELA" county="Along Rio Framela" municipality="Rio Framela" name="Cerro Piton" stateProvince="Bolivar">
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Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pitón">Piton</normalizedToken>
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</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA8D66A6F3E65649BAE8A3EDF024D1CF:C681F4271B480446A2ADD5AE81221DF2" country="VENEZUELA" county="Along Rio Framela" municipality="Rio Framela" name="Cordillera Epicara" stateProvince="Bolivar">Cordillera Epicara</location>
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;
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="1962-09-03">3 Sep. 1962</collectingDate>
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; fr.;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<collectorName>B. Maguire</collectorName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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<collectorName>J.A. Steyermark</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName>C.K. Maguire</collectorName>
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53562
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</emphasis>
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;
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: VEN [No. 63029]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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Shrub 2.0-2.5 m tall, single-stemmed, glabrous; distal internodes terete, 10-12 mm in diam., somewhat succulent, glabrous. Stipules basally sheathing, truncate to shallowly elliptic, 2-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-12 mm, glabrous. Leaves with petioles 2.0-2.5 cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 26-37
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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10-12 cm, acute at base, abruptly acuminate at apex, acumen narrowly triangular, 2.0-2.5 cm long, somewhat succulent to coriaceous when fresh, drying brownish-olive green above and pale olive green below ("silvery beneath" when fresh, fide
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Maguire et al. 53562</emphasis>
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), glabrous throughout; secondary veins 38-40 on each side [Steyermark wrote "lateral veins 40-45 on each side" without distinguishing secondary and intersecondary veins], barely visible in dry specimens; tertiary veins barely visible in dry specimens; domatia absent. Inflorescence terminal, long-pedunculate, capitate; peduncles 4.5 cm long, gradually wider towards the head, ca 3 mm wide just below the head, glabrous, drying dark brown; head multiflorous, subtended by cup-shaped structure made by 2 bracts connate at base, the cup-shaped base 3 mm long and 1.7 cm wide; the free portion of bracts subequal, broadly ovate, 1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.6 cm, cream-white when fresh, pale brown when dry, persistent, drying pale brown, glabrous; internal bracts subtending fascicles of ca 3 flowers falcate-sublanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0-1.5 mm, entire of with a lateral tooth at base, glabrous; bracteoles absent [fide Steyermark]. Flowers 5-merous, pedicellate; pedicels 7-8 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm thick, fleshy, angular. Hypanthium narrowly oblong-turbinate, size unknown, glabrous. Calyx cupular, 1.5-2.0 mm long, 5-toothed, teeth deltoid to triangular-subulate, 0.2-0.6 mm long, glabrous. Corolla hypocrateriform, 12-13 mm long, glabrous, white; tube narrowly cylindrical, 9-11 mm long, 1 mm wide, glabrous outside and inside; lobes ovate, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5 mm, subacute at apex, glabrous outside, papillose inside. Stamens inserted below the middle of the corolla base; anthers subsessile, included, narrowly oblong, 2 mm long. Disk and style unknown. Fruits ellipsoid, 4 x 2.5-3 mm. Pyrenes (seen through dried fruits) dorsally costate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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Only known from the holotype specimen, collected on Cordillera Epicara, state of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
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, southern Venezuela.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Evergreen forest, at ca 400 m elevation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">The only collection, with both flowers and fruits, was made in September.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="275" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="275">
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The only collection of this species was seen on photograph, and as the high-resolution image available at JSTOR Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/). The above description is largely based on
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" editor="Maguire, B & coll" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="230 - 436" refId="B42" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1967. Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B & coll, Ed., (Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436" title="Rubiaceae." volume="17" volumeTitle="(Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII." year="1967">Steyermark (1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" refId="B44" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1974. Flora de Venezuela. Vol. IX, segunda parte. Rubiaceae. Instituto Botanico, Caracas, 603-1101." title="Flora de Venezuela. Vol. IX, segunda parte. Rubiaceae. Instituto Botanico, Caracas, 603 - 1101." year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
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). Although
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" editor="Maguire, B & coll" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="230 - 436" refId="B42" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1967. Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B & coll, Ed., (Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436" title="Rubiaceae." volume="17" volumeTitle="(Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII." year="1967">Steyermark (1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 428-430, figure 42) described and illustrated flowers, the holotype, which is evidently the specimen on which the drawing was based, has only fruits and no flower is left.
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" editor="Maguire, B & coll" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="230 - 436" refId="B42" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1967. Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B & coll, Ed., (Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436" title="Rubiaceae." volume="17" volumeTitle="(Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII." year="1967">Steyermark (1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 430) separated
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C. M. Taylor (Taylor" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Steyerm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Notopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notopleura sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Notopleura sandwithiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="N. altsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altsonii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">N. altsonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the "shorter peduncle, longer pedicels, absence of bracteoles, more conspicuously and unequally dentate calyx-lobes, and acute, ovate calyx-lobes". These two species are in fact quite similar.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C. M. Taylor (Taylor" authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Steyerm." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Notopleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Notopleura sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">Notopleura sandwithiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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apparently has only two involucral bracts (while there are four in
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="N. altsonii" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altsonii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">N. altsonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and also has a shorter peduncle and longer pedicels than those of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="N. altsoni" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altsoni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">N. altsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The taxonomic value of these characters is difficult to assess with so little material available. The length of the pedicels is of doubtful taxonomic value, since they most likely elongate during fruit ripening.
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<bibRefCitation author="Steyermark, JA" editor="Maguire, B & coll" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" pagination="230 - 436" refId="B42" refString="Steyermark, JA, 1967. Rubiaceae. In: Maguire, B & coll, Ed., (Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 17: 230 - 436" title="Rubiaceae." volume="17" volumeTitle="(Eds) The Botany of the Guayana Highland - Part VII." year="1967">Steyermark (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned, as additional differences, the shape of the calyx lobes, which is not a reliable character, and the absence of bracteoles subtending the individual flowers of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="N. sandwithiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwithiana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="275">N. sandwithiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a feature that we could not check. For a morphological comparison of these two species see Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Diagnostic characters of Notopleura altsonii, N. nivea, and N. sandwithiana." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A0CDA325F0ABC69E5FA125DE78F86761" pageId="0" pageNumber="275" tableUuid="A0CDA325F0ABC69E5FA125DE78F86761">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</subSection>
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||
</document> |