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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1146-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BBF4F3B160DD5F48A78BED151A1E73D6" ID-ZooBank="F9860399D28142A6B703C4115E01DDA1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1146-1" checkinTime="1675846390871" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Landry, Bernard, Bilat, Julia, Hayden, James, Solis, M. Alma, Lees, David C., Alvarez, Nadir, Leger, Theo &amp; Gauthier, Jeremy" docDate="2023" docId="AA15006B7D5D5AA28CC04042E95F1283" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1146: 1-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1146" docPubDate="2023-02-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099" docTitle="Argyria gonogramma Dyar 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="BBF4F3B160DD5F48A78BED151A1E73D6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BBF4F3B160DD5F48A78BED151A1E73D6" masterDocTitle="The identity of Argyria lacteella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambinae), synonyms, and related species revealed by morphology and DNA capture in type specimens" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1675846390871" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The identity of Argyria lacteella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea, Crambinae), synonyms, and related species revealed by morphology and DNA capture in type specimens</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Landry, Bernard</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6005-1067</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bernard.landry@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bilat, Julia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hayden, James</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-1064</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Section, 1911 SW 34 th Street, Gainesville, Florida, 32608, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Solis, M. Alma</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-1004</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum Natural History, MRC 168, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lees, David C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-8560</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alvarez, Nadir</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-166X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland &amp; Departement de Genetique et Evolution, Universite de Geneve, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland &amp; Museum cantonal des sciences naturelles, Palais de Rumine, Place de la Riponne 6, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Leger, Theo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7330-3940</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum fuer Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut fuer Evolutions- und Biodiversitaetsforshung, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Gauthier, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-1002</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland &amp; Departement de Genetique et Evolution, Universite de Geneve, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-07</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1146</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>42</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1146-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F9860399D28142A6B703C4115E01DDA1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BBF4F3B160DD5F48A78BED151A1E73D6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA15006B7D5D5AA28CC04042E95F1283" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA15006B7D5D5AA28CC04042E95F1283" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="95YFP" LSID="AA15006B-7D5D-5AA2-8CC0-4042E95F1283" authority="Dyar, 1915" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">Argyria gonogramma Dyar, 1915</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Habitus of Argyria type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; holotype of Argyria gonogramma Dyar, 1915 (wingspan: 11 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of additional Argyria specimen. Argyria gonogramma (Florida, Seminole Co., MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806276" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 12</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of additional Argyria specimen. Argyria gonogramma (dark form, Louisiana, Calcasieu Co., MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Whole genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Close-up of bases of valvae with tip of phallus in middle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Male genitalia of Argyria species. A. gonogramma (Florida, Wakulla Co.). In FSCA. Scale bar: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 18</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 27, 28" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figures 27, 28. Female genitalia of Argyria species with ultimate segments cut dorsomedially from base to apex 27 Argyria lacteella (USA, Florida, Glades Co.) 28 A. gonogramma (USA, Florida, Orange Co.). Both in FSCA. Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figures27-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806288" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 28</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 29–32" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figures 29 - 32. Heads of Argyria specimens 29 A. lacteella (USA, Florida, Pinellas Co.) 30 A. gonogramma (USA, Florida, Levy Co.) 31 A. diplomochalis (US Virgin Islands, St Croix) 32 A. centrifugens (Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia). All in MHNG. Scale bars: 250 µm (29 - 31), 500 µm (32)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figures29-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806289" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 30</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 34. Distribution of Argyria gonogramma Dyar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">Argyria gonogramma</taxonomicName>
Dyar, 1915: 87-88. Type locality: Bermuda.
<bibRefCitation author="Bleszynski, S" journalOrPublisher="Acta zoologica cracoviensia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="197 - 389" refId="B7" refString="Bleszynski, S, Collins, RJ, 1962. A short catalogue of the world species of the family Crambidae (Lepidoptera). Acta zoologica cracoviensia 7 (12): 197 - 389" title="A short catalogue of the world species of the family Crambidae (Lepidoptera)." volume="7" year="1962">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Błeszyński">Bleszynski</normalizedToken>
and Collins (1962
</bibRefCitation>
: 213).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillalis">= Argyria pusillalis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1818: 30, [36], [38], figs 167, 168. Type locality: [USA, Maryland] Baltimore. Nomen dubium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillalis">Argyria pusillalis</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria pussillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pussillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria pussillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic]
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1818: 28; original misspelling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteella">Argyria lacteella</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1794):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173040" author="Fernald, CH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Fernald, CH, 1896. The Crambidae of North America. Massachusetts Agricultural College, 93 pp. [pls a-c, pls I-V] https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173040" title="The Crambidae of North America. Massachusetts Agricultural College, 93 pp. [pls a-c, pls I-V]" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173040" year="1896">Fernald 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 72, plate V fig. 5;
<bibRefCitation author="Grossbeck, JA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 147" refId="B25" refString="Grossbeck, JA, 1917. Insects of Florida IV: Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37: 1 - 147" title="Insects of Florida IV: Lepidoptera." volume="37" year="1917">Grossbeck 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 126;
<bibRefCitation author="Kimball, CP" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 363" refId="B38" refString="Kimball, CP, 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 1: 1 - 363" title="The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist." volume="1" year="1965">Kimball 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 233;
<bibRefCitation author="Tan, C-L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B63" refString="Tan, C-L, 1984. Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." title="Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." year="1984">Tan 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 96 et seq.;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm123158fv" author="Ferguson, DC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B21" refString="Ferguson, DC, Hilburn, DJ, Wright, B, 1991. The Lepidoptera of Bermuda: Their food plants, biogeography, and means of dispersal. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa 123 (158): 1 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm123158fv" title="The Lepidoptera of Bermuda: Their food plants, biogeography, and means of dispersal." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm123158fv" volume="123" year="1991">Ferguson et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 40;
<bibRefCitation author="Munroe, EG" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="34 - 79" refId="B50" refString="Munroe, EG, 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae). In: Heppner, JB, Ed., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville: 34 - 79" title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae)." volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera." year="1995">Munroe 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 35 (in part);
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, EL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="78 - 83" refId="B43" refString="Martinez, EL, Brown, RL, 2007. Argyriini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Mississippi and Alabama with a redescription of Argyria rufisignella (Zeller). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 61 (2): 78 - 83" title="Argyriini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Mississippi and Alabama with a redescription of Argyria rufisignella (Zeller)." volume="61" year="2007">Martinez and Brown 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 81, fig. 9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
♂ (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Habitus of Argyria type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; holotype of Argyria gonogramma Dyar, 1915 (wingspan: 11 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Whole genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Close-up of bases of valvae with tip of phallus in middle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</figureCitation>
), with label data as follows: 1- &quot;Bermuda, | 11.3.BWI | F.M. Jones&quot;, 2- &quot;V-3 | D&quot;, 3- &quot;Type No. | 18244 | U.S.N.M.&quot;, 4- &quot;Argyria | gonogramma | Type Dyar&quot;, 5- &quot;♂ genitalia | slide, 29Apr[il].'32 | C.H. #27&quot;, 6- &quot;Genitalia Slide | By 107,454 | USNM&quot;; deposited in the NMNH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<specimenCount type="generic">411 specimens</specimenCount>
(see Suppl. material 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="morphological diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Morphological diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In this small satiny-white moth measuring between 10.5 and 13.5 mm in wingspan, the median markings of the forewing (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Habitus of Argyria type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; holotype of Argyria gonogramma Dyar, 1915 (wingspan: 11 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Habitus of additional Argyria specimen. Argyria gonogramma (Florida, Seminole Co., MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806276" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</figureCitation>
) usually include a well-marked blackish-brown spot on the discal cell that is connected by curved lines to an oblique bar on the costa and a thin triangle on the dorsal margin. On the forewing costa, subapically, a thin curving bar is not followed by a triangle, but usually by 1-3 horizontal lines reaching the terminal margin below the apex. Relatively dark brown forms, with less contrasting markings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Habitus of additional Argyria specimen. Argyria gonogramma (dark form, Louisiana, Calcasieu Co., MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
) have been collected in Alabama, Florida, and Louisiana (CUIC, FSCA, MHNG, NMNH) from December to April. In forewing markings this species is closest to
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitus of additional Argyria specimen. Argyria lacteella (Florida, Putnam Co., FSCA). Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806275" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11</figureCitation>
) in which there usually is a clear subapical triangle on the costa and for which the median spot, if present, is paler brown and usually smaller than the costal and dorsal triangles. In the absence of a subapical triangle on the forewing costa
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar to
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. diplomochalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="diplomochalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. diplomochalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Habitus of Argyria type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; lectotype of Argyria diplomochalis Dyar, 1913 (wingspan: 11 mm)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Habitus of additional Argyria specimen. Argyria diplomochalis (St Croix Island, MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14</figureCitation>
), which, however,
<normalizedToken originalValue="doesn’t">doesn't</normalizedToken>
have any indication of a median spot or of any line between the median spot of the dorsal margin and the costa. In the male genitalia
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Whole genitalia." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Close-up of bases of valvae with tip of phallus in middle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Male genitalia of Argyria species. A. gonogramma (Florida, Wakulla Co.). In FSCA. Scale bar: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">18</figureCitation>
) has the basal projection of the valva shorter than that of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Male genitalia of Argyria species. Argyria lacteella (Florida, Alachua Co.). In FSCA. Scale bar: 500 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806281" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">17</figureCitation>
) and just barely curving (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Male genitalia of Argyria gonogramma holotype (NMNH). Close-up of bases of valvae with tip of phallus in middle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">16</figureCitation>
); the cornuti on the vesica are also longer and thicker than those of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the female genitalia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 27, 28" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figures 27, 28. Female genitalia of Argyria species with ultimate segments cut dorsomedially from base to apex 27 Argyria lacteella (USA, Florida, Glades Co.) 28 A. gonogramma (USA, Florida, Orange Co.). Both in FSCA. Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figures27-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806288" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</figureCitation>
) only one wide, sclerotised pocket can be found anterior of the ostium bursae, whereas
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 24–26" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figures 24 - 26. Female genitalia of Argyria species 24 Argyria lacteella (holotype of A. abronalis, with spermatophore inside corpus bursae; OUMNH) 25 A. diplomochalis (Anguilla Island, BL 1889, CMNH) 26 A. centrifugens (Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, MHNG-ENTO- 97427). Scale bars: 250 µm (24), 500 µm (25, 26)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figures24-26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806287" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 27, 28" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figures 27, 28. Female genitalia of Argyria species with ultimate segments cut dorsomedially from base to apex 27 Argyria lacteella (USA, Florida, Glades Co.) 28 A. gonogramma (USA, Florida, Orange Co.). Both in FSCA. Scale bar: 250 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figures27-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806288" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
) has two pockets in the same area.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806272" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dyar, 1915 (wingspan: 11 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806273" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; lectotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria diplomochalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diplomochalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria diplomochalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dyar, 1913 (wingspan: 11 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806274" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type specimen (in NMNH) with labels underneath; holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria centrifugens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="centrifugens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria centrifugens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dyar, 1914 (wingspan: 16 mm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806275" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Habitus of additional
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Florida, Putnam Co., FSCA). Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806276" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Habitus of additional
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Florida, Seminole Co., MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806277" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Habitus of additional
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dark form, Louisiana, Calcasieu Co., MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Habitus of additional
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria diplomochalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diplomochalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria diplomochalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(St Croix Island, MHNG). Scale bar: 2.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806279" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (NMNH). Whole genitalia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806280" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (NMNH). Close-up of bases of valvae with tip of phallus in middle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806281" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1794" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Florida, Alachua Co.). In FSCA. Scale bar: 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806282" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 18.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Florida, Wakulla Co.). In FSCA. Scale bar: 500
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="molecular results">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Molecular results.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Phylogenetic inference reveals that
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constitutes a homogeneous clade. The monophyletic clade is identified in both GMYC and PTP species delimitation approaches, but it is not found in the ABGD approach and is grouped with
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic inferences including 174 Argyria COI barcode sequences, i. e., 160 barcodes from BOLD, 9 COI sequences amplified by PCR (in bold), and 5 COI sequences obtained using capture from historical specimens (in red). Nodal support expressed in SH-aLRT and ultrafast bootstrap (UFBoot) is given as indicated in the caption except for nodes when SH-aLRT &lt;80 and / or UFBoot &lt;95. Species delimitation results including morphology, ABGD, GMYC, and PTP are indicated by different colours to represent the species proposed." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806265" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
). This clade shows very low genetic variability within the COI barcode with an average intraspecific divergence of only 0.49% (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mean genetic divergence (p-distance) between all samples from each species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806266" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
). This low genetic diversity may be the result of different evolutionary processes, including recent colonisation. This species is mainly present in the US where it overlaps with
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Florida (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 33. Distribution of Argyria lacteella (Fabricius)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806290" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 34. Distribution of Argyria gonogramma Dyar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Bermuda, Bahamas, widespread in the Eastern USA, from North Carolina in the North to the south of Florida, west to eastern Texas (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 34. Distribution of Argyria gonogramma Dyar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The specimen of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
labelled
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Type’">'Type'</normalizedToken>
in the NMNH is considered the unique holotype; the
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
description (
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="86 - 89" refId="B16" refString="Dyar, HG, 1915. Pyralidae of Bermuda. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, Washington 3 (5-7): 86 - 89" title="Pyralidae of Bermuda." volume="3" year="1915">Dyar 1915</bibRefCitation>
)
<normalizedToken originalValue="doesn’t">doesn't</normalizedToken>
indicate multiple specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
is associated here with
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not with
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as in
<bibRefCitation author="Munroe, EG" editor="Heppner, JB" journalOrPublisher="Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="34 - 79" refId="B50" refString="Munroe, EG, 1995. Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae). In: Heppner, JB, Ed., Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea - Pyraloidea - Tortricoidea 3. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera &amp; Scientific Publishers, Gainesville: 34 - 79" title="Crambidae (Crambinae, Schoenobiinae, Cybalomiinae, Linostinae, Glaphyriinae, Dichogaminae, Scopariinae, Musotiminae, Midilinae, Nymphulinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae, Pyraustinae)." volumeTitle="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera." year="1995">Munroe (1995)</bibRefCitation>
because at the latitude of Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A., the type locality of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only the superficially similar
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. rufisignella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufisignella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. rufisignella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Zeller, 1872) could occur.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria nummulalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nummulalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria nummulalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
, 1818 is also known to occur in the eastern USA at the latitude of Baltimore, but this species lacks any median markings across the forewing, unlike the illustration of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The name
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nomen dubium</emphasis>
because the original description and illustration associated with it do not allow a conclusive determination.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner’s">Huebner's</normalizedToken>
collection was deposited in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria, which was destroyed by fire in 1835 (
<bibRefCitation author="Horn, W" journalOrPublisher="Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B31" refString="Horn, W, Kahle, I, Friese, G, Gaedike, R, 1990. Collectiones Entomologicae. Ein Komendium ueber den Verbleib Entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil I: A bis K. Teil II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin" title="Collectiones Entomologicae. Ein Komendium ueber den Verbleib Entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Teil I: A bis K. Teil II: L bis Z." year="1990">Horn et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
). However, although type specimens of some of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner’s">Huebner's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
species have recently been discovered in this museum (Gabor and
<normalizedToken originalValue="László">Laszlo</normalizedToken>
Ronkay, pers. comm. to BL, 11 April 2022), a search for a type specimen of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not successful (S. Gaal, pers. comm. to BL, 10 August 2022). This issue could be settled by the designation of a neotype, but we refrain from doing that in order to avoid more instability in the nomenclature of this group. Also, we believe that it should be done in conjunction with a taxonomic revision of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. rufisignella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rufisignella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. rufisignella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at the least.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally named &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pussillalis</emphasis>
&quot; (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hübner">Huebner</normalizedToken>
1818: 28), then mentioned as &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria pusillalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria pusillalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; on page 30 and on two indices (pages [36] and [38]), and finally as &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pussillalis</emphasis>
&quot; again on the plate with the illustrations. Given that &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pusillus</emphasis>
&quot; is Latin for small, it seems reasonable to believe that the original spelling &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pussillalis</emphasis>
&quot; was in error.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a North American native species that was previously misidentified as
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and that has been collected in the United States since the late 1800's. The earliest specimens in the NMNH were collected by C.V. Riley from Ar[t]elier, FL, 1882 and N.[orth]C.[arolina] (undated). Another specimen collected by Boll in Texas (collection date unknown) was identified by &quot;Rag[onot] \[18]86&quot;, and then by &quot;CVR[iley]at the B. Mus. \[18]87&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
That this species is native to the Southeastern U.S., or at least was established long before
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is shown by earlier collecting dates for specimens in the FSCA and MGCL. For example: Florida, Sarasota Co.: 1951, Alachua Co.: 1960, Volusia Co.: 1962, Okaloosa Co.: 1963, Texas: 1978, Louisiana: 1979.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The earliest record of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 1979 in the USA (Florida) supports the conclusion that
<bibRefCitation author="Tan, C-L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B63" refString="Tan, C-L, 1984. Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." title="Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." year="1984">Tan (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, although referring to
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was in fact dealing with
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Tan, C-L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B63" refString="Tan, C-L, 1984. Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." title="Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." year="1984">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tan’s">Tan's</normalizedToken>
(1984)
</bibRefCitation>
unpublished MSc thesis provided a description of larvae, with setal maps, which were reared from egg to adult on St. Augustine grass (
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stenotaphrum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenotaphrum secundatum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="secundatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stenotaphrum secundatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Walt.) Kuntze;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Tan, C-L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B63" refString="Tan, C-L, 1984. Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." title="Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." year="1984">Tan (1984)</bibRefCitation>
further mentions that the early instar larvae eat the upper epidermis only and when not feeding, larvae hide in shelters made of leaves attached with silk, wherein moulting occurs.
<bibRefCitation author="Tan, C-L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B63" refString="Tan, C-L, 1984. Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." title="Biology and taxonomy of sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) destructive to turfgrasses in Florida. M. Sc. Thesis, University of Florida." year="1984">Tan (1984)</bibRefCitation>
also records the construction by the mature larva of a &quot;small, compact silken case covered with frass and tiny pieces of chewed grass for pupation.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on collected series of specimens both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Argyria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyria gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Argyria gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
now occur in sympatry and fly on the same dates in Florida, for example at Archbold Biological Station in Highlands County or in Pinellas County.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173040" author="Fernald, CH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B22" refString="Fernald, CH, 1896. The Crambidae of North America. Massachusetts Agricultural College, 93 pp. [pls a-c, pls I-V] https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173040" title="The Crambidae of North America. Massachusetts Agricultural College, 93 pp. [pls a-c, pls I-V]" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/t.173040" year="1896">Fernald (1896)</bibRefCitation>
treated this species under
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. V fig. 5), whereas his other illustrations on the same plate (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Holotype of Argyria lacteella synonym. Zebronia?? abronalis Walker, 1859 (Oxford University Museum of Natural History; OUMNH). Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806268" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype of Argyria lacteella synonym. Argyria vestalis Butler, 1878 (NHMUK Trustees of the Natural History Museum)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1146.96099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/806270" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
) represent the true
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Grossbeck, JA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 147" refId="B25" refString="Grossbeck, JA, 1917. Insects of Florida IV: Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37: 1 - 147" title="Insects of Florida IV: Lepidoptera." volume="37" year="1917">Grossbeck (1917)</bibRefCitation>
, Kimball (most or all records, 1965), and
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, EL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Lepidopterists Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="78 - 83" refId="B43" refString="Martinez, EL, Brown, RL, 2007. Argyriini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Mississippi and Alabama with a redescription of Argyria rufisignella (Zeller). Journal of the Lepidopterists Society 61 (2): 78 - 83" title="Argyriini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) of Mississippi and Alabama with a redescription of Argyria rufisignella (Zeller)." volume="61" year="2007">Martinez and Brown (2007)</bibRefCitation>
all treated this species under
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. lacteella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lacteella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. lacteella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Melanic specimens collected in winter months account for the specimens of &quot;
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. diplomochalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="diplomochalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. diplomochalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; cited by
<bibRefCitation author="Kimball, CP" journalOrPublisher="Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 363" refId="B38" refString="Kimball, CP, 1965. The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist. Arthropods of Florida and neighbouring land areas 1: 1 - 363" title="The Lepidoptera of Florida: an annotated checklist." volume="1" year="1965">Kimball (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. This colouration variant may represent an adaptation for hiding in dry grass during the winter months and/or to obtain extra calories from the sun to allow biological activity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The single moth at the basis of the Vermont record has been dissected and is correctly determined, but it is far outside the range since we know of no other record of
<taxonomicName family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="A. gonogramma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gonogramma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. gonogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
north of North Carolina. It was collected in sandplain habitat (M. Sabourin, pers. comm. to JH, 29 August 2022), which is consistent with the
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
habitat preference in Florida.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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