137 lines
15 KiB
XML
137 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="F0C006689B83ADBB8F3F6293206515A6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24c01b66-c0d2-458b-a7fe-0e3de779a8e8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250932" ID-ZooBank="ABC0E7D7-2E22-4605-A97B-0F1E632F3930" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460889728808" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bota, Cornelio Andrés" docDate="2014" docId="4E56376DFFA8FF9546CB64952F7EF83B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03856p210.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3856 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympetrum paramo De Marmels 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="203" masterDocId="B26F4F15FFA3FF9E465C607B2E0DFFB6" masterDocTitle="A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="192" pageNumber="203" updateTime="1698359463704" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0E274C04A6CDE0ABB1A80F120171B8F1">A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A5611E1131B841C5A4476AD50F10F29F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="11F56BB0E70668C231CBB0A203113CCF">Bota, Cornelio Andrés</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1C9894AEF521957DF1BF1CBF526F6BBB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2916CE7D68F30BD4B70F1491F10EBCC0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9F38AB26007E2C67EA9F0164F3C181A9">
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<mods:date id="659D86660DE3629F391634E227510C89">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0B4C1E139DE477D402DD657834245680" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="4D96472A36B09C816F5CE09B3F5432BB">3856</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="40F564118CEB4C20E3ED8218A1088B84" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="5D43F8BB1EEF3160B8DF695214DCEB23" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3856.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4E56376DFFA8FF9546CB64952F7EF83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6141399" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119586677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6141399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E56376DFFA8FF9546CB64952F7EF83B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E56376DFFA8FF9546CB64952F7EF83B" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<subSubSection id="8EE5D5F0FFA8FF9546CB64952D4DFA9C" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF9546CB64952C7DFABE" blockId="11.[151,832,1262,1322]" box="[151,624,1262,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<heading id="9D083117FFA8FF9546CB64952C7DFABE" bold="true" box="[151,624,1262,1288]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="01FFFDF8FFA8FF9546CB64952C7DFABE" ID-CoL="53P8W" authority="De Marmels, 2001" authorityName="De Marmels" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,624,1262,1288]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Sympetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramo">
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF9546CB64952C7DFABE" bold="true" box="[151,624,1262,1288]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF9546CB64952F8BFABE" bold="true" box="[151,390,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Sympetrum paramo</emphasis>
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De Marmels, 2001
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF9546CB656A2D4DFA9C" blockId="11.[151,832,1262,1322]" box="[151,832,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<figureCitation id="5EC49AFEFFA8FF9546CB656A2EEFFA9C" box="[151,226,1297,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1621,1643]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1598]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1599]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sympetrum paramo: (a) Teneral female and exuvia (Páramo El Congo); (b) Male (Páramo El Morro). Erythrodiplax connata- group (Cauca, Timbio): (c) Mature male; (d) Immature male (same coloration as females)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250935/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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a (Emergence), 3b (Habitus ♂), Table 1 (coordinates).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8EE5D5F0FFA8FF9546CB65222FF9FA68" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF9546CB65222FF9FA68" blockId="11.[151,1437,1369,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF9546CB65222F8CFAC4" bold="true" box="[151,385,1369,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="01FFFDF8FFA8FF9547D565212FD3FAC4" box="[393,478,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Sympetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramo">Páramo</taxonomicName>
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El Morro: 1♀ &
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<specimenCount id="D0F94DF2FFA8FF9544F465212CC0FAC4" box="[680,717,1370,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="B241A0BBFFA8FF95448665222D30FAC4" box="[730,829,1369,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" value="2011-10-06">6.x.2011</date>
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, Leg: C. Bota & J. D. Castaño.
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<taxonomicName id="01FFFDF8FFA8FF9542F465212AF0FAC4" box="[1192,1277,1370,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Sympetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramo">Páramo</taxonomicName>
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Sabanas:
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<specimenCount id="D0F94DF2FFA8FF95432E65222B9AFAC4" box="[1394,1431,1369,1394]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="generic">6♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="B241A0BBFFA8FF9546CB65052EF7FA20" box="[151,250,1406,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" value="2011-10-01">1.x.2011</date>
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, Leg: C. Bota & J. D. Castaño.
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<taxonomicName id="01FFFDF8FFA8FF95443B65052CB1FA20" box="[615,700,1406,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Sympetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="210" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramo">Páramo</taxonomicName>
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<collectingCountry id="BEE8C6EBFFA8FF95449965062D38FA20" box="[709,821,1405,1430]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">El Congo</collectingCountry>
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: 3♀ &
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<specimenCount id="D0F94DF2FFA8FF9545D765052DB1FA20" box="[907,956,1406,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="generic">11♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="B241A0BBFFA8FF95459665052A66FA20" box="[970,1131,1405,1430]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" value="2011-09-11" valueMax="2011-09-14" valueMin="2011-09-11">
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11
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF9545B865052DFFFA23" box="[996,1010,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">–</emphasis>
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14.ix.2011
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</date>
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, Leg: L. Ríos & J. Zapata. Laguna de Páez:
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<specimenCount id="D0F94DF2FFA8FF95470765D92F8CFA0C" box="[347,385,1442,1466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="B241A0BBFFA8FF9547D265DA2FFEFA0C" box="[398,499,1441,1466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" value="2013-02-01">1.ii.2013</date>
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, Leg: C. Bota. 1♀ &
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<specimenCount id="D0F94DF2FFA8FF9544B165D92D1FFA0C" box="[749,786,1442,1466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="B241A0BBFFA8FF95454365DA2D88FA0C" box="[799,901,1441,1466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" value="2013-02-03">3.ii.2013</date>
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, Leg: C. Bota & C. Gómez. Alto de Pená:
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<specimenCount id="D0F94DF2FFA8FF95432E65D92B9AFA0C" box="[1394,1431,1442,1466]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="B241A0BBFFA8FF9546CB65BE2F1EFA68" box="[151,275,1477,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" value="2014-03-20">20.iii.2014</date>
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, Leg: J. D. Álvarez.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8EE5D5F0FFA8FF95469B65922CD1F924" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF95469B65922B9DF9FC" blockId="11.[151,1437,1369,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF95469B65922F36F9B4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1513,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species was assessed as data deficient in the IUCN red list (von
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<bibRefCitation id="A26EFB8AFFA8FF95420B65922B1AF9B4" author="Ellenrieder" box="[1111,1303,1513,1538]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" refString="von Ellenrieder, N. (2009) Sympetrum paramo. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012. 2. Available from: www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 7 May 2013)" type="journal article" year="2009">Ellenrieder 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), because it was only found in three localities in the eastern Mérida Cordillera (
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<collectingCountry id="BEE8C6EBFFA8FF9545CD66762A06F990" box="[913,1035,1549,1574]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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). Here it is recorded from four new localities, all of them situated inside protected areas, and approximately 200 and
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<quantity id="01072B9EFFA8FF95427E66492A7AF9FC" box="[1058,1143,1585,1610]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" unit="km" value="400.0">400 km</quantity>
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west of the
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<typeStatus id="194438D9FFA8FF9542A366492B22F9FC" box="[1279,1327,1586,1610]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF95469B662D2CD1F924" blockId="11.[151,1437,1369,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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No morphological difference was observed between the four Colombian populations (
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<figureCitation id="5EC49AFEFFA8FF954288662E2B10F9D8" box="[1236,1309,1621,1646]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,199,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. (a) Rhionaeschna peralta female (habitus). Rhionaeschna caligo: (b) Hamuli, ventroposterior view; (c) Caudal appendages lateral view; (d) Vesica spermalis ventral view; (e) left spine of anterior lamina. (f) Rhionaeschna joannisi male (habitus). Illustrations by Natalia Uribe Macias." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250934/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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b) and the description and illustrations by De Marmels (2001).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8EE5D5F0FFA8FF95469B66E62ADCF96C" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF95469B66E62ADCF96C" blockId="11.[151,1437,1369,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF95469B66E62F6DF900" bold="true" box="[199,352,1693,1718]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From the Mérida Cordillera in
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<collectingCountry id="BEE8C6EBFFA8FF95448866E62D4AF900" box="[724,839,1693,1718]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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through the Oriental Cordillera in Santander to the Occidental Cordillera in Antioquia (including populations in the Central Cordillera) (
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<collectingCountry id="BEE8C6EBFFA8FF95420C66BA2AC8F96C" box="[1104,1221,1729,1754]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8EE5D5F0FFA8FF95469B669E2F7EF83B" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C640867BFFA8FF95469B669E2F7EF83B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1369,1934]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">
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<emphasis id="F48B5A69FFA8FF95469B669E2F2AF948" bold="true" box="[199,295,1765,1790]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Biology.</emphasis>
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It is commonly seen in marshes and lakes, where males are very active around noon on sunny days. When females are caught in tandem the pair flies away, returning later to oviposit in tandem. One female was found during a cloudy day with sunny intervals during the final phase of emergence stage 3 (
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<figureCitation id="5EC49AFEFFA8FF95422567562AB3F8F0" box="[1145,1214,1837,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,199,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. (a) Rhionaeschna peralta female (habitus). Rhionaeschna caligo: (b) Hamuli, ventroposterior view; (c) Caudal appendages lateral view; (d) Vesica spermalis ventral view; (e) left spine of anterior lamina. (f) Rhionaeschna joannisi male (habitus). Illustrations by Natalia Uribe Macias." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250934/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="203">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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a) (
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<bibRefCitation id="A26EFB8AFFA8FF9542BF67562B7BF8F0" author="Corbet" box="[1251,1398,1837,1862]" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" refString="Corbet, P. S. (1999) Dragonflies: Behavior and ecology of Odonata. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press. Ithaca, New York, 829 pp." type="book" year="1999">Corbet 1999</bibRefCitation>
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); it was on the shore of a lake clinging to a sedge leaf at about
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<quantity id="01072B9EFFA8FF95451767292D9EF8DF" box="[843,915,1874,1898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="203" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
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starting at 8:58 a.m., and it finally spread its wings at 10:21 a.m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |