245 lines
29 KiB
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245 lines
29 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4f6d7148-d281-4073-8bc1-24ce51c3717b" ID-PMC="PMC6828828" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-883-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EAC9B5058CE55C5AA9A344F6FEFA25D5" ID-PubMed="31719773" ID-ZooBank="7ABDE7F0DD424B968A1380E1E59B1515" ModsDocID="1313-2970-883-1" checkinTime="1572422626326" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wiklund, Helena, Neal, Lenka, Glover, Adrian G., Drennan, Regan, Muriel Rabone, & Dahlgren, Thomas G." docDate="2019" docId="C6FAD49014BD57758C1748EBF00DB765" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 883: 1-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 883" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193" docTitle="Ophelina abranchiata Stop-Bowitz 1948" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="EAC9B5058CE55C5AA9A344F6FEFA25D5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EAC9B5058CE55C5AA9A344F6FEFA25D5" masterDocTitle="Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae, and Travisiidae" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668167974120" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae, and Travisiidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neal, Lenka</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Muriel Rabone,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>883</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>82</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.36193</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-883-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7ABDE7F0DD424B968A1380E1E59B1515</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EAC9B5058CE55C5AA9A344F6FEFA25D5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159909652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C6FAD49014BD57758C1748EBF00DB765" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C6FAD49014BD57758C1748EBF00DB765" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="C6FAD490-14BD-5775-8C17-48EBF00DB765" authority="Stop-Bowitz, 1948" authorityName="Stop-Bowitz" authorityYear="1948" class="Polychaeta" family="Capitellidae" genus="Ophelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophelina abranchiata" order="Capitellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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Ophelina cf. abranchiata
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Støp-Bowitz">Stop-Bowitz</normalizedToken>
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, 1948
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="general comments on ophelina abranchiata and similar morphotypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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General comments on
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Opheliidae" genus="Ophelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophelina abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abranchiata">Ophelina abranchiata</taxonomicName>
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and similar morphotypes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Three small, abranchiate morphospecies found in the UKSR material,
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Opheliidae" genus="Ophelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophelina ganae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ganae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ophelina ganae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">O. cf. abranchiata</taxonomicName>
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NHM_1769 and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">O. cf. abranchiata</taxonomicName>
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NHM_2017, are very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Opheliidae" genus="Ophelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophelina abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ophelina abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Støp-Bowitz">Stop-Bowitz</normalizedToken>
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, 1948. This species has its type locality as East Greenland, 200 m depth, but has subsequently been reported worldwide, from predominantly deep waters [see references in
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" author="Kongsrud, JA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 111" refId="B54" refString="Kongsrud, JA, Bakken, T, Oug, E, 2011. Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov. Italian Journal of Zoology 78: 95 - 111" title="Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" volume="78" year="2011">Kongsrud et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. .https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" year="2011">Parapar et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<bibRefCitation author="Sene-Silva, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B89" refString="Sene-Silva, G, 2007. Filogenia de Opheliidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Unpublished Thesis presented for the degree, Doctor of Sciences, in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, xii + 95 pp." title="Filogenia de Opheliidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Unpublished Thesis presented for the degree, Doctor of Sciences, in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, xii + 95 pp." year="2007">Sene-Silva (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Opheliidae" genus="Polyophthalmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyophthalmus translucens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="translucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polyophthalmus translucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Hartman, 1960 and
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Opheliidae" genus="Ophelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophelina farallonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="farallonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ophelina farallonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Blake, 2000, both described from deep waters off California, as junior synonyms of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B8" refString="Blake, JA, 2000b. Family Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California 7: 145 - 168" title="Family Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel." volume="7" year="2000 b">Blake (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
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had separated
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. farallonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="farallonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. farallonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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due to presence of long anal tube, but he most likely did not realize that the original description of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Stop-Bowitz, C" journalOrPublisher="Tromso Museums Arshefter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 58" refId="B94" refString="Stop-Bowitz, C, 1948. Sur les polychetes arctiques des famillies des glyceriens des opheliens, des scalibregmiens et des flabelligeriens. Tromso Museums Arshefter 66: 1 - 58" title="Sur les polychetes arctiques des famillies des glyceriens des opheliens, des scalibregmiens et des flabelligeriens." volume="66" year="1948">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Støp-Bowitz">Stop-Bowitz</normalizedToken>
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(1948)
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</bibRefCitation>
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was based on an incomplete specimen without an anal tube as already suggested by
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<bibRefCitation author="Sene-Silva, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B89" refString="Sene-Silva, G, 2007. Filogenia de Opheliidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Unpublished Thesis presented for the degree, Doctor of Sciences, in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, xii + 95 pp." title="Filogenia de Opheliidae (Annelida: Polychaeta). Unpublished Thesis presented for the degree, Doctor of Sciences, in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, xii + 95 pp." year="2007">Sene-Silva (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" author="Kongsrud, JA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 111" refId="B54" refString="Kongsrud, JA, Bakken, T, Oug, E, 2011. Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov. Italian Journal of Zoology 78: 95 - 111" title="Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" volume="78" year="2011">Kongsrud et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. .https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" year="2011">Parapar et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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. The absence of branchiae also likely led to confusion of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the much larger (30 mm long, 30 chaetigers) abranchiate species
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<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Opheliidae" genus="Ophelina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophelina nematoides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nematoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ophelina nematoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by some workers (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70s3101" author="Maciolek, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="101 - 113" refId="B61" refString="Maciolek, NJ, Blake, JA, 2006. Opheliidae (Polychaeta) collected by the R/V Hero and the USNS Eltanin cruises from the Southern Ocean and South America. Scientia Marina 70: 101 - 113" title="Opheliidae (Polychaeta) collected by the R / V Hero and the USNS Eltanin cruises from the Southern Ocean and South America." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70s3101" volume="70" year="2006">Maciolek and Blake 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Such confused taxonomic history is further complicated by the fact that published (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.07.003" author="Neal, L" journalOrPublisher="Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="72 - 84" refId="B67" refString="Neal, L, Taboada, S, Woodall, LC, 2018. Slope-shelf faunal link and unreported diversity off Nova Scotia: evidence from polychaete data. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 138: 72 - 84" title="Slope-shelf faunal link and unreported diversity off Nova Scotia: evidence from polychaete data." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2018.07.003" volume="138" year="2018">Neal et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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) and unpublished (Kongsrud pers. comm.) molecular data suggest presence of several species within an
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" author="Kongsrud, JA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 111" refId="B54" refString="Kongsrud, JA, Bakken, T, Oug, E, 2011. Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov. Italian Journal of Zoology 78: 95 - 111" title="Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" volume="78" year="2011">Kongsrud et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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provided a re-description of type material, together with report on material from North Sea and North Atlantic, but without providing genetic data. One possible, and previously overlooked, character may be the number of chaetigers as
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" author="Kongsrud, JA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 111" refId="B54" refString="Kongsrud, JA, Bakken, T, Oug, E, 2011. Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov. Italian Journal of Zoology 78: 95 - 111" title="Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" volume="78" year="2011">Kongsrud et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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reported an invariable number of 18 chaetigers for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and considered specimens bearing17 chaetigers from Skagerrak in need of further evaluation, not ascribing these to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In other reports, variation of 17-19 chaetigers (4-10 mm long) was given by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" author="Barroso, R" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Barroso, R, Paiva, PC, 2013. .https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" year="2013">Barroso and Paiva (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B73" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008. Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117-134." title="Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117 - 134." year="2008">Parapar and Moreira (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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referred to 16-22 segments with detectable annulation, rather than chaetigers.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="69 - 216" refId="B42" refString="Hartman, O, 1960. Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins off southern California. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 22: 69 - 216" title="Systematic account of some marine invertebrate animals from the deep basins off southern California." volume="22" year="1960">Hartman (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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reported 18 chaetigers for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. translucens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="translucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. translucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B8" refString="Blake, JA, 2000b. Family Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California 7: 145 - 168" title="Family Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel." volume="7" year="2000 b">Blake (2000b)</bibRefCitation>
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reported 18 or 19 chaetigers (5-7 mm long) for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. farallonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="farallonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. farallonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The anal tube, an important feature upon which opheliid species have been differentiated in the past is mostly missing in these morphotypes even where hundreds of specimens are available (Neal pers. obs.). Where the anal tube has been observed (
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<bibRefCitation author="Blake, JA" journalOrPublisher="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B8" refString="Blake, JA, 2000b. Family Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California 7: 145 - 168" title="Family Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel." volume="7" year="2000 b">Blake 2000b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B73" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008. Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117-134." title="Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117 - 134." year="2008">Parapar and Moreira 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" author="Kongsrud, JA" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 111" refId="B54" refString="Kongsrud, JA, Bakken, T, Oug, E, 2011. Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov. Italian Journal of Zoology 78: 95 - 111" title="Deep-water species of the genus Ophelina (Annelida, Opheliidae) in the Nordic Seas, with the description of Ophelinabrattegardi sp. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003.2011.606658" volume="78" year="2011">Kongsrud et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. .https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" year="2011">Parapar et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" author="Barroso, R" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Barroso, R, Paiva, PC, 2013. .https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" year="2013">Barroso and Paiva 2013</bibRefCitation>
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; Neal pers. obs.) its form appears to be very similar.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B73" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008. Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117-134." title="Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117 - 134." year="2008">Parapar and Moreira (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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provided the first SEM examination of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphotypes and reported presence of lateral organs between notopodia and neuropodia for Iberian specimens. Subsequently, examination of Icelandic morphotypes by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. .https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" year="2011">Parapar et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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led to the report of presence of lateral organs in all chaetigerous segments as well as in the anterior segments of the body which are achaetigerous and devoid of parapodia, suggesting the presence of three such segments. However, this feature was not observed in SEM examination of bathyal material from Brazil by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" author="Barroso, R" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Barroso, R, Paiva, PC, 2013. .https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" year="2013">Barroso and Paiva (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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. Despite this variation, none of these authors suggested lateral organs as a useful taxonomic character and previously
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00247.x" author="Purschke, G" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 39" refId="B78" refString="Purschke, G, Hausen, H, 2007. Lateral organs in sedentary polychaetes (Annelida) - Ultrastructure and phylogenetic significance of an insufficiently known sense organ. Acta Zoologica 88: 23 - 39" title="Lateral organs in sedentary polychaetes (Annelida) - Ultrastructure and phylogenetic significance of an insufficiently known sense organ." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00247.x" volume="88" year="2007">Purschke and Hausen (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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only considered that they might be useful for higher level systematics of annelids. Although the presence and distribution of lateral organs was only investigated in non-type specimens (
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<bibRefCitation author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B73" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008. Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117-134." title="Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117 - 134." year="2008">Parapar and Moreira 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. .https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" year="2011">Parapar et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" author="Barroso, R" journalOrPublisher="Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Barroso, R, Paiva, PC, 2013. .https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267213000201" year="2013">Barroso and Paiva 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), their presence reported is some specimens and absence in others could possibly be result of interspecific variability. However, it is important to stress that these structures are extremely small (around 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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) and their observation depends on the quality of the specimens (i.e. in shriveled specimens, this feature may be impossible to observe). Two UKSR specimens were investigated under SEM for lateral organs. Lateral organs were confirmed in both specimens examined. Three lateral organs were associated with three prechaetigerous segments and then one observed between the noto- and neuropodium of each chaetiger. Such distribution is consistent with previous observations (
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<bibRefCitation author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B73" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, 2008. Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117-134." title="Sobre la presencia del genero Ophelina Orsted, 1843 (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) en el litoral de la peninsula Iberica. NACC: Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana. Bioloxia 117 - 134." year="2008">Parapar and Moreira 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" author="Parapar, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematics and Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B74" refString="Parapar, J, Moreira, J, Helgason, GV, 2011. .https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0046-2" year="2011">Parapar et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). The pattern which pore openings form in each morphotype appears to vary, but currently we cannot confirm consistency of such observation due to the low number of specimens examined so far.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Clearly, additional morphological characters are needed to distinguish small abranchiate species currently lumped under
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. abranchiata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abranchiata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. abranchiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. translucens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="translucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. translucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="O. farallonensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="farallonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. farallonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |