464 lines
62 KiB
XML
464 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ED066176B0B4E45178D274FE1374601E">A new genus, Protaustrosimulium, for four species of Australian black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4D1C7428B176B4D5E8366F5695CEC428">Craig, Douglas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="609142F398D27B1C4B67239E6478F2D4">Moulton, John K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F935CB99D943EE8A48A29602242A5A10">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="60352B2AFFB5FFC8FF5CB0A0FEDD1758" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5959759" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5959759" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:60352B2AFFB5FFC8FF5CB0A0FEDD1758" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60352B2AFFB5FFC8FF5CB0A0FEDD1758" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB5FFCEFF5CB0A0FC0F1180" box="[151,902,1226,1253]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCEFF5CB0A0FC0F1180" blockId="25.[151,902,1226,1286]" box="[151,902,1226,1253]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<heading id="B36B2D50FFB5FFCEFF5CB0A0FC0F1180" bold="true" box="[151,902,1226,1253]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB0A0FC0F1180" bold="true" box="[151,902,1226,1253]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB5FFCEFF5CB0A0FCB51180" ID-CoL="8DHGG" authority="Currie, Craig, Moulton." authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,828,1226,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB0A0FD801181" bold="true" box="[151,521,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</emphasis>
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Currie, Craig, Moulton.
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C1DBFB55FFB5FFCEFC8FB0A1FC0F1180" box="[836,902,1227,1253]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB5FFCEFF5CB087FDA5100F" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCEFF5CB087FEA71063" blockId="25.[151,902,1226,1286]" box="[151,302,1261,1286]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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(
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<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFF54B087FEAF1063" box="[159,294,1261,1286]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 84–88" captionStart-1="FIGURES 89, 90" captionStart-2="FIGURE 91" captionStart-3="FIGURES 92" captionStartId-0="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionStartId-2="28.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionStartId-3="29.[151,264,1383,1406]" captionTargetBox-0="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1427,590,1208]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1424,1346,1960]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetId-0="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[162,1427,590,1208]" captionTargetId-2="figure@28.[170,1424,1346,1960]" captionTargetId-3="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetPageId-0="27" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="28" captionTargetPageId-3="29" captionText-0="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 89, 90. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (89) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (90) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 91. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 92–-95. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (92) Calcipala & tarsomere II. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (93) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (94) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (95) Genital fork (partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.1 mm" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2609951/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2609953/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2609957/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Figs. 84–95</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCEFF5CB15FFBA0102E" blockId="25.[151,1065,1333,1447]" box="[151,1065,1333,1355]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB15FFF64102E" box="[151,237,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Cnephia</emphasis>
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sp. A
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<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFEE4B15FFDFB102E" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[303,626,1333,1355]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras and Mackerras 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 385 (not
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFD1CB15FFCA4102E" box="[727,813,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Cnephia</emphasis>
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A
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<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFC87B15FFC57102E" author="Rothfels, K. H." box="[844,990,1333,1355]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref14188" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Reviews of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 522 or
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCEFF5CB13EFDA5100F" blockId="25.[151,1065,1333,1447]" box="[151,556,1364,1386]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB13EFF64100F" box="[151,237,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Cnephia</emphasis>
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sp. A
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<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFEE4B13FFE64100F" author="Pruess, K. P. & Adams, B. J. & Parsons, T. J. & Zhu, X. & Powers, T. O." box="[303,493,1364,1386]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="286 - 295" refId="ref14110" refString="Pruess, K. P., Adams, B. J., Parsons, T. J., Zhu, X., Powers, T. O. (2000) Utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene for resolving relationships among black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 16, 286 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 2000.0807" type="journal article" year="2000">
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Pruess
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFEBCB13FFE2D100F" box="[375,420,1364,1386]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">et al</emphasis>
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., 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 287).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB5FFCEFF5CB119FC1A10C2" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCEFF5CB119FCC610EC" blockId="25.[151,1065,1333,1447]" box="[151,847,1395,1417]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C88CBD12FFB5FFCEFF5CB119FCC610EC" box="[151,847,1395,1417]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB5FFCEFF5CB119FD4010EC" ID-CoL="8DYK4" authority="Mackerras and Mackerras, 1949: 385" authorityName="Mackerras and Mackerras" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,713,1395,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB119FECF10EC" box="[151,326,1395,1417]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Simulium nigrum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="693DBC2DFFB5FFCEFE87B119FD4010EC" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[332,713,1395,1417]" page="385" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" year="1949">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFE87B119FD1F10EC" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[332,662,1395,1417]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras and Mackerras, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 385
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Preoccupied
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCEFF5CB1FBFC1A10C2" blockId="25.[151,1065,1333,1447]" box="[151,915,1425,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
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<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB5FFCEFF5CB1FBFE9310C2" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,282,1425,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paracnephia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB1FBFE9310C2" box="[151,282,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Paracnephia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
'A'
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<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFE89B1FBFDFD10C2" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[322,628,1425,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras & Mackerras 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFDB6B1FBFC1910C2" author="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M." box="[637,912,1425,1447]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" refId="ref13380" refString="Crosskey, R. W. & Howard, T. M. (1997) A New Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory of World Blackflies. The Natural History Museum, London, 144 pp." type="book" year="1997">Crosskey & Howard, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB5FFCAFF5CB1BEFE061321" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="330" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB5FFCBFF5CB1BEFC4C1747" blockId="25.[151,1437,1492,2021]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,151,546]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB1BEFEA81088" bold="true" box="[151,289,1492,1517]" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFEFBB1BEFE0C1088" box="[304,389,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Female</emphasis>
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||
(based on a single slide-mounted specimen (
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<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFC4BB1BEFC5B1088" box="[896,978,1492,1517]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
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||
) and literature description by
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<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB5FFCEFAEDB1BEFEFE1374" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." pageId="25" pageNumber="326" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras & Mackerras, 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 385–6).
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||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFE29B192FD951374" box="[482,540,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Body</emphasis>
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||
: Blackish, with dark brown legs.
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFC6BB192FC541374" box="[928,989,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFC26B192FBB61374" box="[1005,1087,1528,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
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||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFBF4B193FBC11375" box="[1087,1096,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">)</emphasis>
|
||
: frons:head width ratio 1:6.3.
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<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB277FF451351" box="[151,204,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
: interocular distance
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFE0AB277FDA01351" box="[449,553,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
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; ommatidia diameter
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFCD4B277FCB31351" box="[799,826,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFC82B277FC361351" box="[841,959,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.009">0.009 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFC07B277FC641351" box="[972,1005,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
36 rows down and across at mid-eye.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFF5CB22AFF78133C" box="[151,241,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
: not markedly enlarged, width
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFDABB22AFD43133D" box="[608,714,1600,1625]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.16">0.16 mm</quantity>
|
||
; black, vestiture of sparse fine black hairs.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFB0CB22BFAAD133D" box="[1223,1316,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFAFCB22AFA07133C" box="[1335,1422,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
|
||
): extended well beyond head margins; total length
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFD03B20EFCAA1319" box="[712,803,1636,1661]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; nine flagellomeres, scape small, pedicel broad distally, flagellomere I broad and rounded, second flattened, remainder subequal in size to each other, except distal flagellomere cone-shaped; antenna overall not markedly tapered.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFCB7B2C6FC7613A0" box="[892,1023,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Mouthparts</emphasis>
|
||
: substantial,
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFB5EB2C7FB3F13A1" box="[1173,1206,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
0.4× length of head depth, black; cibarium apparently with substantially sclerotized cornuae and broadly rounded medial depression; mandible markedly finely tapered,
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFDD4B29FFDC81269" box="[543,577,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
50 markedly small inner and 7 outer teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFBE2B29EFB0F1268" box="[1065,1158,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Figs. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFB59B29FFB381268" box="[1170,1201,1781,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 89, 90" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,590,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[162,1427,590,1208]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 89, 90. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (89) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (90) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609951/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">89</figureCitation>
|
||
); lacinia with 21 and 16 substantial teeth on inner and outer edge respectively; maxillary palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFC01B372FB941254" box="[970,1053,1816,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
), elongated, total length
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFAFAB372FA111255" box="[1329,1432,1816,1841]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="0.62">0.62 mm</quantity>
|
||
, basal two palpomeres small, palpomere III darker brown than remainder, narrowed basally, expanded at sensory vesicle, narrowed distally, subequal in size to apical palpomere V; palpomere IV extended slightly at distal junction; proportional lengths of palpomeres III–V 1.0:0.7:1.2; sensory organ narrow and elongated, 0.4× length of palpomere III, opening distinct, 0.7× vesicle width and elongated.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFC50B3C2FC6512A4" box="[923,1004,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: antepronotal lobe (propleuron) hairs absent or reduced to a few fine hairs at the lower margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB5FFCEFCDCB3A7FCC61281" box="[791,847,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFC94B3A6FC351280" box="[863,956,1996,2021]" captionStart="FIGURES 89, 90" captionStartId="28.[151,264,1248,1271]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,590,1208]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[162,1427,590,1208]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 89, 90. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (89) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (90) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609951/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">Figs. 90</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB5FFCEFC03B3A7FC611280" box="[968,1000,1997,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1996,2018]" captionTargetBox="[170,1424,1346,1960]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[170,1424,1346,1960]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 91. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609953/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="326">91</figureCitation>
|
||
): length
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFB83B3A7FB281281" box="[1096,1185,1997,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; width
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB5FFCEFB39B3A7FAD81281" box="[1266,1361,1997,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="25" pageNumber="326" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; basal (bm) cell poorly developed; costa with well-developed spines, R
|
||
<subScript id="74189879FFB0FFCBFCAFB4CCFCE315D1" attach="left" box="[868,874,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">s</subScript>
|
||
not branched, M
|
||
<subScript id="74189879FFB0FFCBFBE1B4CCFBBB15D1" attach="left" box="[1066,1074,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">2</subScript>
|
||
appears double for 2/3 lengtheffect produced by concentration of microtrichia, CuA markedly sinuous, a:b wing ratio 1:3, pigmentation at junction of r-m veins absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFEB8B4B7FE4C1593" box="[371,453,221,246]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Haltere</emphasis>
|
||
: unknown.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFD8DB4B4FDF31590" box="[582,634,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB0FFCBFD43B4B7FD531593" box="[648,730,221,246]" captionStart="FIGURES 92" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1383,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 92–-95. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (92) Calcipala & tarsomere II. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (93) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (94) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (95) Genital fork (partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
): overall dark brown; hind basitarsus lacking ventral row of stout spines; calcipala distinct and slightly elongated; pedisulcus moderately developed, tarsomere II
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFB1DB56AFB791472" box="[1238,1264,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 3× as long as apical width; claws large and black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB0FFCBFDEFB54AFDFC145D" box="[548,629,288,313]" captionStart="FIGURES 92" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1383,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 92–-95. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (92) Calcipala & tarsomere II. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (93) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (94) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (95) Genital fork (partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
), smoothly curved, basal tooth small, triangular, as is heel.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFB32B54AFAE8145C" box="[1273,1377,288,313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB0FFCBFABBB54AFF3E143F" captionStart="FIGURES 92" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1383,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 92–-95. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (92) Calcipala & tarsomere II. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (93) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (94) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (95) Genital fork (partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
): overall black, basal scale dark yellowish brown with vestiture of sparse long pale hairs; tergites markedly broader than long, tergite II markedly broad in dimensions, tergites III–V subequal in dimensions, those more posterior wider; overall vestiture black.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFE68B5EEFD8314F8" box="[419,522,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: hypogynial valves not observed; genital fork (partially reconstructed) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB0FFCBFA8BB5EEFA1A14F8" box="[1344,1427,388,413]" captionStart="FIGURES 92" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1383,1406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,193,1363]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 92–-95. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (92) Calcipala & tarsomere II. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (93) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (94) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (95) Genital fork (partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609957/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
|
||
) anterior arm markedly narrowed with rounded anterior expansion, lateral membranous areas, possible lateral apodeme at junction with lateral arms, but not clear, lateral arms broad, poorly sclerotized with slight knee-bend, apodeme as raised ridge at junction with posterolateral expansions, those pointed laterally, rounded medially; cerci in ventral view apparently ovoid, anal lobe with median notch; spermatheca not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BCE3CAB4FFB6FFCDFF5CB3EAFC071296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609947/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" startId="26.[151,264,1920,1943]" targetBox="[215,1375,193,1897]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB6FFCDFF5CB3EAFC071296" blockId="26.[151,1436,1920,2035]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB6FFCDFF5CB3EAFEC612F3" bold="true" box="[151,335,1920,1943]" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">FIGURES 78–83</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB6FFCDFE95B3EBFD0612F2" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[350,655,1921,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terebrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB6FFCDFE95B3EBFD0612F2" box="[350,655,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="327">Protaustrosimulium terebrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female adult. (78) Abdominal tergites (Canobolas, 1916). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (79) Hypopygial valves (Canobolas, 1916). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (80) Hypopygial valves (Middle Creek). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (81) Genital fork (Canobolas, 1916), apodeme (ap). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (82) Spermatheca (Canobolas, 1916). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (83) Cercus & anal lobe (Middle Creek). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BCE3CAB4FFB7FFCCFF5CB3F3FD771291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" startId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" targetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" targetPageId="27">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB7FFCCFF5CB3F3FD771291" blockId="27.[151,1437,1945,2036]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB7FFCCFF5CB3F3FEC712CA" bold="true" box="[151,334,1945,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">FIGURES 84–88</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB7FFCCFE97B3F0FD1E12D5" box="[348,663,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB7FFCCFE97B3F0FD1A12D5" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[348,659,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BCE3CAB4FFB0FFCBFF5CB08AFEED1070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609951/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" startId="28.[151,264,1248,1271]" targetBox="[162,1427,590,1208]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB0FFCBFF5CB08AFEED1070" blockId="28.[151,1437,1248,1301]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFF5CB08AFEC61193" bold="true" box="[151,335,1248,1271]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">FIGURES 89, 90</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFE96B08BFD101192" box="[349,665,1249,1271]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB0FFCBFE96B08BFD1C1192" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[349,661,1249,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female adult. (89) Mandible apex. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (90) Wing veins. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BCE3CAB4FFB0FFCBFF5CB3A6FC4B1287" box="[151,962,1996,2018]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609953/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" startId="28.[151,250,1996,2018]" targetBox="[170,1424,1346,1960]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB0FFCBFF5CB3A6FC4B1287" blockId="28.[151,962,1996,2018]" box="[151,962,1996,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFF5CB3A6FE901284" bold="true" box="[151,281,1996,2018]" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">FIGURE 91</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB0FFCBFEEEB3A6FDE91287" box="[293,608,1996,2018]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB0FFCBFEEEB3A6FDD51287" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[293,604,1996,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female wing. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="BCE3CAB4FFB1FFCAFF5CB10DFF7010DE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609957/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" startId="29.[151,264,1383,1406]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1363]" targetPageId="29">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB1FFCAFF5CB10DFF7010DE" blockId="29.[151,1436,1383,1467]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFF5CB10DFED11018" bold="true" box="[151,344,1383,1406]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">FIGURES 92–-95</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFEACB102FD2D101B" box="[359,676,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFEACB102FD29101B" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[359,672,1384,1406]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female adult. (92) Calcipala & tarsomere II. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (93) Claw. Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (94) Abdominal tergites. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (95) Genital fork (partially reconstructed). Scale bar = 0.1 mm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB1FFCAFF0CB189FE4F1099" blockId="29.[151,1437,1507,2036]" box="[199,454,1507,1532]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFF0CB189FEC81099" box="[199,321,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Adult male</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB1FFCAFF0CB262FE0E137A" blockId="29.[151,1437,1507,2036]" box="[199,391,1542,1567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFF0CB262FE8B137A" box="[199,258,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB1FFCAFF0CB246FE061321" blockId="29.[151,1437,1507,2036]" box="[199,399,1579,1604]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFF0CB246FE831326" box="[199,266,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
: Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB1FFC9FF0CB224FBD81400" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB1FFCAFF0CB224FBCE12E2" blockId="29.[151,1437,1507,2036]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFF0CB224FE891302" bold="true" box="[199,256,1614,1639]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Type</emphasis>
|
||
. The nomenclatural history of this species is rather muddled.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB1FFCAFC15B224FA151302" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[990,1436,1614,1639]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras and Mackerras (1949: 385)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referred to a Western Australian species named "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFD1CB219FC1713EE" authorityName="Mackerras and Mackerras" authorityYear="1949" box="[727,926,1651,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFD1CB219FC1713EE" box="[727,926,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Simulium nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" in an unpublished manuscript by Tonnoir. Tonnoir designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="3727249EFFB1FFCAFE5DB2FCFE7113CA" box="[406,504,1686,1711]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for that species and evidently deposited it in the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Sydney, although the name was never validated as Tonnoir died (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB1FFCAFB86B2D1FAB213B6" author="Nicholson, A. J." box="[1101,1339,1723,1748]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" pagination="453 - 454" refId="ref14003" refString="Nicholson, A. J. (1940) Obituary: Mr. A. L. Tonnoir. Nature, 3673, 453 - 454. Available from: https: // www. nature. com / articles / 145453 b 0 (accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1940">Nicholson 1940: 139</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the manuscript never submitted for publication. Mackerras and Mackerras inadvertently took authorship of the name by listing it as a synonym of an entity they dubbed
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFD37B369FCEE1279" box="[764,871,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">"Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A". Since the name "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFB5DB369FAD5127E" authorityName="Mackerras and Mackerras" authorityYear="1949" box="[1174,1372,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFB5DB369FAD5127E" box="[1174,1372,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Simulium nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
" that Tonnoir proposed was preoccupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFD9AB34CFC4F125A" authority="(Meigen 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[593,966,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFD9AB34CFC9D125A" box="[593,788,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Simulium nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
(Meigen 1804)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and never published, it consequently has no formal standing. We found a single slide-mounted female of Tonnoir’s originally collected material in the ANIC—the specimen here designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="3727249EFFB1FFCAFDADB304FD4112E2" box="[614,712,1902,1927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFD26B304FBC912E2" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[749,1088,1902,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFD26B304FBC912E2" box="[749,1088,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB1FFC9FF0CB3F9FBD81400" blockId="29.[151,1437,1507,2036]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFF0CB3F9FEA712C9" box="[199,302,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<typeStatus id="3727249EFFB1FFCAFF0CB3F9FEA712C9" box="[199,302,1939,1964]" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Dissected female mounted on glass slide in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="908BDAACFFB1FFCAFCE1B3F9FCF712C9" box="[810,894,1939,1964]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
Balsam. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB1FFCAFC3AB3F9FBF312C9" box="[1009,1146,1939,1964]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Figs. 84, 85</figureCitation>
|
||
). Label data:- [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFAEDB3F9FA1012C9" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1318,1433,1939,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">S. nigrum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (scratched into glass)] [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFE62B3DCFD0E12AA" authority="Currie & Craig & Moulton, 2018" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[425,647,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFE62B3DCFD0E12AA" box="[425,647,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">Protaustrosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB1FFCAFD45B3D2FD7512AA" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[654,764,1976,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB1FFCAFD45B3D2FD7512AA" box="[654,764,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="330">opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] [ANIC Database No./ 29 026695] [Australian/ National/ Insect/ Collection (green)] [Holo-/type (red)]. Two labels superimposed—upper [Cnephia/sp. A/ undecipherable mark, {F}, green spot/ Pemberton, W.A/
|
||
<date id="9C22BCFCFFB2FFC9FDBAB4FDFD4E15D5" box="[625,711,151,176]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" value="1926-08-28">28/8/26</date>
|
||
A.J.N]. Lower label (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB2FFC9FC0CB4FDFB9315D5" box="[967,1050,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FBF9B4FDFB2A15D5" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[1074,1187,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ nigrum/ (Tonn. ms)/ {F} / (remainder as for superimposed upper label)]. Both in same handwriting. The collector was A.J. Nicholson, (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB2FFC9FF06B4B5FE16159D" author="Waterhouse, D. F." box="[205,415,223,248]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" refId="ref14386" refString="Waterhouse, D. F. (2000) Nicholson, Alexander John (1895 - 1969). Australian Dictionary of Biography, 15. Available from: http: // adb. anu. edu. au / biography / nicholson-alexander-john- 11236 (accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal volume" year="2000">Waterhouse, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Details of the lower label can be discerned by using strong back lighting, as used here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB2FFC9FF54B56EFF7A1478" box="[159,243,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–88" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[172,1430,218,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[165,1430,193,1928]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 84–88. Protaustrosimulium opscurum. Female adult. (84) Holotype, slide mount. (85) Overexposed scan of labels showing hidden original labelling. (86) Head. Partially reconstructed. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (87) Antenna. Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (88) Maxillary palp, mandible, lacinia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609949/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fig. 85</figureCitation>
|
||
). The name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FE40B56FFE711479" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[395,504,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FE40B56FFE711479" box="[395,504,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">S. nigrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” was presumably scratched into the glass slide by Tonnoir. Other labels are not by him and were probably applied by either Ian or Margaret Mackerras. The lower label was probably applied before the Mackerras’ settled on the name “Cnephia sp. A.”, as inscribed on the upper label.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB2FFC9FF0CB505FE9214C8" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB2FFC9FF0CB505FE9214C8" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FF0CB505FECF14ED" bold="true" box="[199,326,367,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. From the Latin ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FDEBB51BFD0714ED" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[544,654,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FDEBB51BFD0714ED" box="[544,654,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ [
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FD67B505FD3514ED" bold="true" box="[684,700,367,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">=</emphasis>
|
||
dark], to preserve the sense of Tonnoir's original unpublished description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB2FFC8FF0CB5DDFB8F159D" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB2FFC9FF0CB5DDFDE31490" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FF0CB5DDFED014B5" bold="true" box="[199,345,439,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="70A786B9FFB2FFC9FEA1B5DDFE4814B5" box="[362,449,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 99" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1229,1251]" captionTargetBox="[193,1405,676,1173]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,625,1206]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 99. Distribution of Protaustrosimulium. (99) Map of southern portion of Australia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609961/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FE1DB5D3FD2914B5" box="[470,672,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A5854DEFFB2FFC9FE1DB5D3FD2914B5" box="[470,672,439,464]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Pemberton (
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FCF7B5D3FCDF14B5" box="[828,854,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8DA8FCFBFFB2FFC9FCACB5D2FC5414B5" box="[871,989,440,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" precision="5" value="-34.44">S34.4400°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8DA8FCFBFFB2FFC9FC2DB5DDFBE414B5" box="[998,1133,439,464]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" precision="5" value="116.034">E116.0340°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<specimenCount id="FE9A51B5FFB2FFC9FB7CB5D2FA8B14B5" box="[1207,1282,440,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB2FFC9FB7CB5D2FB7714B5" box="[1207,1278,440,464]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="127.0">127m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
); Bridgetown (
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FF6BB5B7FF321491" box="[160,187,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8DA8FCFBFFB2FFC9FF02B5B6FEB61490" box="[201,319,476,501]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" precision="5" value="-33.96">S33.9600°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8DA8FCFBFFB2FFC9FE8EB5B6FE441490" box="[325,461,476,501]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" precision="5" value="116.137">E116.1370°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<specimenCount id="FE9A51B5FFB2FFC9FDD9B5B6FDD41490" box="[530,605,476,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="2F6437D9FFB2FFC9FDD9B5B6FDD31490" box="[530,602,476,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="168.0">168m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="BCE3CAB4FFB2FFC9FF5CB311FD371288" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2609959/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" startId="30.[151,264,1915,1938]" targetBox="[151,1436,553,1894]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB2FFC9FF5CB311FD371288" blockId="30.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FF5CB311FEDB12F4" bold="true" box="[151,338,1915,1938]" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">FIGURES 96–98</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FE16B316FD2F12F7" authority="Currie & Craig & Moulton, 2018" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[477,678,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FE16B316FD2F12F7" box="[477,678,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">Protaustrosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
immatures. (96)
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FCAFB317FC7812F7" box="[868,1009,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FCAFB317FC6412F7" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[868,1005,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilfreyi">Prot. pilfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Oakey Creek, Paddys Road, Australian Capital Territory (S35.3929° E148.9603°), 3-x-2011. (97)
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FD22B3F1FCFA12D5" box="[745,883,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FD22B3F1FCF912D5" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[745,880,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilfreyi">Prot. pilfreyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Gibraltar Creek, Tidbinbilla Road, Australian Capital Territory (S35.4499° E148.9785°), 18-ix-2011. (98)
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB2FFC9FD77B3D0FCE712AA" box="[700,878,1977,1999]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB2FFC9FD77B3D0FCE312AA" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[700,874,1977,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amphorum">Prot. amphorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Deeside Coast Road creek, south Western Australia (S34.4380° E116.3863°), 9-ix-2014. (Image by DCC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB3FFC8FF0CB4FDFB8F159D" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FF0CB4FDFECA15D5" bold="true" box="[199,323,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Bionomics</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB3FFC8FE9AB4FDFD6215D5" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[337,747,151,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras & Mackerras (1949: 386)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that females were collected along with those of what is now referred to as
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FEBCB4D6FD2515B0" box="[375,684,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Nothogreniera occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
, and may also have been biting humans. Nothing else is known about the biology of this species, except that collections were made in August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A086C9B7FFB3FFC8FF0CB56EFEDD1758" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB3FFC8FF0CB56EFF6214B5" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FF0CB56EFEBD1478" bold="true" box="[199,308,260,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific distinctiveness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FD54B56EFC7B1479" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[671,1010,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FD54B56EFC7B1479" box="[671,1010,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long been recognized. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0DE7CDFFB3FFC8FF72B54DFDE01425" author="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J." box="[185,617,295,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref13683" refString="Mackerras, I. M. & Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (Accessed 22 September 2018)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras & Mackerras (1949: 386)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
"
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FD4BB54DFD891400" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">There is no doubt that this species is quite distinct from any other Australian member of the family</emphasis>
|
||
”. In their Table 1: 380, they suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FC05B527FBF31401" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[974,1146,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FC05B527FBF31401" box="[974,1146,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Prot. opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FB62B526FA811400" box="[1193,1288,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Cnephia</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A) is “nr.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FF5CB505FE8814ED" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[151,257,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terebrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FF5CB505FE8814ED" box="[151,257,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">terebrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"—a conclusion supported by the present study. A better understanding of relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FF5CB5FEFEFC14C8" authority="Currie & Craig & Moulton, 2018" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,373,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FF5CB5FEFEFC14C8" box="[151,373,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Protaustrosimulium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. will be gained when the immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FC05B5FFFBF514C8" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[974,1148,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terebrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FC05B5FFFBF514C8" box="[974,1148,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Prot. terebrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FB77B5FFFAE714C9" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[1212,1390,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FB77B5FFFAE714C9" box="[1212,1390,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Prot. opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E8239A3CFFB3FFC8FF0CB5B6FEDD1758" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="3727249EFFB3FFC8FF36B5B6FED61490" box="[253,351,476,501]" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F9CE1BFFFB3FFC8FE47B5B6FD6A1491" authorityName="Currie & Craig & Moulton" authorityYear="2018" box="[396,739,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Protaustrosimulium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opscurum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FE47B5B6FD6A1491" box="[396,739,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">Protaustrosimulium opscurum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pemberton, WA, is the only specimen of this species examined by us. The whereabouts of the Bridgetown, WA, material mentioned by Mackerras & Mackerras (
|
||
<emphasis id="DAE8462EFFB3FFC8FAB8B595FF3A1759" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="332">loc. cit</emphasis>
|
||
.) is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |