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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-208-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" ModsDocID="1314-2003-208-103" checkinTime="1663785939964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lobban, Christopher S., Ashworth, Matt P., Camacho, Terance, Lam, Daryl W. &amp; Theriot, Edward C." docDate="2022" docId="3632B8D33DB85448B1651EE5E7CBF81F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 208: 103-184" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 208" docPubDate="2022-09-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913" docTitle="Synedra undosa Grunow 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1663785939964" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revision of Ardissoneaceae (Bacillariophyta, Mediophyceae) from Micronesian populations, with descriptions of two new genera, Ardissoneopsis and Grunowago, and new species in Ardissonea, Synedrosphenia and Climacosphenia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lobban, Christopher S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-0656</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">clobban@guam.net</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ashworth, Matt P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Camacho, Terance</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Natural Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lam, Daryl W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>LSAMP Program, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, Guam, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Theriot, Edward C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-09-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>208</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>103</mods:start>
<mods:end>184</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-208-103</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">88C0802178725C0F86DB6E2074FDD5AB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3632B8D33DB85448B1651EE5E7CBF81F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3632B8D33DB85448B1651EE5E7CBF81F" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName LSID="3632B8D3-3DB8-5448-B165-1EE5E7CBF81F" authority="Grunow, 1867" authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synedra undosa" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undosa">Synedra undosa Grunow, 1867</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Synedra undosa from Grunow's Honduras material A internal view of half valve, total length would have been ca. 690 µm B external view of fragment of frustule including the central inflation C external view of valve fragment with pole D external view of valve fragment near central area showing the strong undulation E detail of external pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F-H internal views of central, near central (cf. D), and polar portions of valve, respectively, showing longitudinal costae (arrows) and transverse costae; transverse costae developing gradually toward left in H. I girdle bands, showing fimbriate valvocopula and copula with glimpses of interior costate surface of valve. Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 15 µm (B, C); 10 µm (D-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746733" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="reference">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Reference.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<bibRefCitation author="Grunow, A" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Microscopical Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B18" refString="Grunow, A, 1867. Diatomeen auf Sargassum von Honduras gesammelt von Lindig. Hedwigia 6: 1-8, 17-37." title="Diatomeen auf Sargassum von Honduras gesammelt von Lindig. Hedwigia 6: 1 - 8, 17 - 37." year="1867">Grunow 1867</bibRefCitation>
, p. 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Grunow, A" journalOrPublisher="The Monthly Microscopical Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="165 - 186" publicationUrl="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1877.tb00123.x" refId="B19" refString="Grunow, A, 1877. New diatoms from Honduras. With Notes by F. Kitton. The Monthly Microscopical Journal 18 (4): 165 - 186, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1877.tb00123.x" title="New diatoms from Honduras. With Notes by F. Kitton." url="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1877.tb00123.x" volume="18" year="1877">Grunow 1877</bibRefCitation>
, p. 167, pl. 193, fig. 8a-c.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Description from literature.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
Very long, to 850
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
, slender, inflated at the center and poles, undulate in between, striae 19 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(20-22 according to
<bibRefCitation author="De Toni, JB" journalOrPublisher="Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" publicationUrl="https://img.algaebase.org/pdf/0AFECF990277f25BA0oKh28257BC/22077.pdf" refId="B13" refString="De Toni, JB, 1892. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der arctischen Diatomeen. Vol. 2 Bacillarieae, Sec. 2 Pseudorhaphideae. Sumptibus auctoris, Padova [Padua], 491-817. https://img.algaebase.org/pdf/0AFECF990277f25BA0oKh28257BC/22077.pdf" title="Beitraege zur Kenntniss der arctischen Diatomeen. Vol. 2 Bacillarieae, Sec. 2 Pseudorhaphideae. Sumptibus auctoris, Padova [Padua], 491 - 817." url="https://img.algaebase.org/pdf/0AFECF990277f25BA0oKh28257BC/22077.pdf" year="1892">De Toni 1892</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synedra undosa" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Synedra undosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the outline of
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. W. Bailey" authorityYear="1854" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Toxarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxarium undulatum" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undulatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Toxarium undulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but linear striae as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis appressata" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="appressata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ardissoneopsis appressata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Materials examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Remnant material of Grunow 839-4611 [W catalog # W0127010, Acquisition # W-1901-0004611]. Not found in Micronesian samples.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="observations">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Observations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
We have not encountered this in the Guam flora but found several fragments in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Grunows">Grunow's</normalizedToken>
Honduras gathering that showed internal and external structure, confirming the similarity of structure to the two aforementioned
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ardissoneopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. A fragment including the central inflation and one pole suggests a total length of ca. 690
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Synedra undosa from Grunow's Honduras material A internal view of half valve, total length would have been ca. 690 µm B external view of fragment of frustule including the central inflation C external view of valve fragment with pole D external view of valve fragment near central area showing the strong undulation E detail of external pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F-H internal views of central, near central (cf. D), and polar portions of valve, respectively, showing longitudinal costae (arrows) and transverse costae; transverse costae developing gradually toward left in H. I girdle bands, showing fimbriate valvocopula and copula with glimpses of interior costate surface of valve. Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 15 µm (B, C); 10 µm (D-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746733" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17A</figureCitation>
). Widths were 10-11
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
across the center, 9
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
across the poles and 4-5
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
between; stria density 19-21 in 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
. The annulus along valve face-mantle junction at least partially subtended by longitudinal costae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Synedra undosa from Grunow's Honduras material A internal view of half valve, total length would have been ca. 690 µm B external view of fragment of frustule including the central inflation C external view of valve fragment with pole D external view of valve fragment near central area showing the strong undulation E detail of external pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F-H internal views of central, near central (cf. D), and polar portions of valve, respectively, showing longitudinal costae (arrows) and transverse costae; transverse costae developing gradually toward left in H. I girdle bands, showing fimbriate valvocopula and copula with glimpses of interior costate surface of valve. Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 15 µm (B, C); 10 µm (D-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746733" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17B-E</figureCitation>
). Transverse costae also evident throughout except near poles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Synedra undosa from Grunow's Honduras material A internal view of half valve, total length would have been ca. 690 µm B external view of fragment of frustule including the central inflation C external view of valve fragment with pole D external view of valve fragment near central area showing the strong undulation E detail of external pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F-H internal views of central, near central (cf. D), and polar portions of valve, respectively, showing longitudinal costae (arrows) and transverse costae; transverse costae developing gradually toward left in H. I girdle bands, showing fimbriate valvocopula and copula with glimpses of interior costate surface of valve. Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 15 µm (B, C); 10 µm (D-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746733" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17F-H</figureCitation>
). No pseudoseptum. Valvocopula and copula both with multiple rows of pores in decussate pattern on exterior, one row of interior pores, fimbriate inner margin and lacking sculpted apices (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Synedra undosa from Grunow's Honduras material A internal view of half valve, total length would have been ca. 690 µm B external view of fragment of frustule including the central inflation C external view of valve fragment with pole D external view of valve fragment near central area showing the strong undulation E detail of external pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines F-H internal views of central, near central (cf. D), and polar portions of valve, respectively, showing longitudinal costae (arrows) and transverse costae; transverse costae developing gradually toward left in H. I girdle bands, showing fimbriate valvocopula and copula with glimpses of interior costate surface of valve. Scale bars: 100 µm (A); 15 µm (B, C); 10 µm (D-I)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746733" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">17I</figureCitation>
). Copula wider, with fimbriae commonly bifurcated.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.208.89913.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746733" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synedra undosa" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Synedra undosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Grunows">Grunow's</normalizedToken>
Honduras material
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
internal view of half valve, total length would have been ca. 690
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B</emphasis>
external view of fragment of frustule including the central inflation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">C</emphasis>
external view of valve fragment with pole
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
external view of valve fragment near central area showing the strong undulation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">E</emphasis>
detail of external pole showing annulus (double-headed arrow) and spines
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">F-H</emphasis>
internal views of central, near central (cf.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D</emphasis>
), and polar portions of valve, respectively, showing longitudinal costae (arrows) and transverse costae; transverse costae developing gradually toward left in
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">I</emphasis>
girdle bands, showing fimbriate valvocopula and copula with glimpses of interior costate surface of valve. Scale bars: 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">A</emphasis>
); 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">B, C</emphasis>
); 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">D-I</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="taxonomic comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Taxonomic comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
According to AlgaeBase (Miranda in Guiry and Guiry 2020),
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. undosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="undosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. undosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently referred to as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth &amp; Camacho &amp; Lam &amp; Theriot" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth &amp; Camacho &amp; Lam &amp; Theriot" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Toxarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxarium undosum" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Toxarium undosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Grunow) De Toni, 1892, which De Toni recognized as distinct from
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. undulatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="undulatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">T. undulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We have not found more recent mention of this species, but it clearly cannot remain in
<taxonomicName class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Toxarium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toxarium" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Toxarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Hustedt, F" journalOrPublisher="Hidrobiologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" refId="B25" refString="Hustedt, F, 1931-1959. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." title="Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Oesterreichs und der Schweiz. In: Rabenhorst's Kryptogamenflora, Band 7, Teil 2. Johnson Reprint, New York." year="1931 - 1959">Hustedt (1931-1959</bibRefCitation>
, pp 224-225) stated that, while Grunow had made clear the abundance of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grunow" authorityYear="1867" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Synedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Synedra undosa" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="undosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Synedra undosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in his Honduras material, &quot;one must assume he also included
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. (Toxarium) undulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="undulata" subGenus="Toxarium">S. (Toxarium) undulata</taxonomicName>
,&quot; because Hustedt had not observed specimens matching
<normalizedToken originalValue="Grunows">Grunow's</normalizedToken>
drawings in Honduras material he examined. Hustedt concluded that this species requires further examination. Grunow, however, was clear that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. undosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="undosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. undosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was different from
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. undulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="species" species="undulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">S. undulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the SEM images here clearly prove him right. On the evidence that it is a species in its own right, we propose below its transfer to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lobban &amp; Ashworth" authorityYear="2022" family="Ardissoneaceae" genus="Ardissoneopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ardissoneopsis" order="Ardissoneales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Ardissoneopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>