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<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF185F0416759C2A" bold="true" box="[151,376,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Epigonus macrops</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FE075F0415269C2A" box="[392,555,798,824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref17837" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 432 pp., 18 pls." type="book chapter">Brauer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF185F5B16A49C6C" blockId="16.[151,724,798,894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
(English name: Luminous Deepwater Cardinalfish) (
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7D4079FF105F7F17E19C6C" box="[159,236,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[376,1217,1316,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[346,1242,1316,1975]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of four species of the Epigonus oligolepis group and the E. telescopus group in the Western Indian Ocean." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182169/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7D4079FF755F7C16149C6C" box="[250,281,870,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1023,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1398,1023,1428]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Epigonus macrops, ZMB 17678, syntype, 202.5 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182195/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">13</figureCitation>
; Tables 1, 2)
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7D4079FF185FB715199CD1" ID-CoL="6THCK" authority="Brauer, 1906: 288" authorityName="Brauer" authorityPageNumber="288" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,532,941,963]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Oxyodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF185FB7165D9CD1" box="[151,336,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Oxyodon macrops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FED75FB416ED9CD1" box="[344,480,941,963]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref17837" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 432 pp., 18 pls." type="book chapter">Brauer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 288
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, fig. 172 (original description; type locality: west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia; syntype: ZMB 17678);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FED25FD615159CF0" author="" box="[349,536,972,994]" page="517" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FED25FD616EA9CF0" box="[349,487,972,994]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref19706" refString="Jordan, D. S. (1920) The genera of fishes, part IV, from 1881 to 1920, thirty-nine years, with the accepted type of each. A contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature. Leland Stanford Jr. University Publications, University Series, 43, 411 - 576." type="journal article">Jordan, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 517
</treatmentCitation>
(list); Schultz, 1940: 412 (list); Weber &amp; de Beaufort, 1929: 351, fig. 81 (description, based on
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FEA95FF616A19B13" box="[294,428,1003,1025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref17837" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 432 pp., 18 pls." type="book chapter">Brauer, 1906</bibRefCitation>
, west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FC955FF614DF9B13" author="" box="[794,978,1003,1025]" page="60" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FC955FF614A29B13" box="[794,943,1003,1025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref20916" refString="Norman, J. R. (1939) Fishes. The John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34, Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 116." type="journal article">Norman, 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 60
</treatmentCitation>
(list).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF185810154A9A06" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B29006E7D4079FF185810154A9A06" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7D4079FF185810152C9B0D" ID-CoL="6G5JK" authority=": Mayer, 1974: 159" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityPageNumber="159" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,545,1033,1055]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF185810165B9B0D" box="[151,342,1034,1055]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Epigonus macrops</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FEE95810152C9B0D" author="" box="[358,545,1033,1055]" page="159" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FEE9581016E19B0D" box="[358,492,1033,1055]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer, 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 159
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, fig. 4 (description, Indian Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and northwestern Atlantic);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FEBE583216D69B2C" author="" box="[305,475,1064,1086]" page="323" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FEBE583216AB9B2C" box="[305,422,1064,1086]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref18499" refString="Fujii, E. (1983) Genus Epigonus. In: Uyeno, T., Matsuura, K. &amp; Fujii, E. (Eds.), Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, pp. 322 - 323." type="book chapter">Fujii, 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 323
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered fig. (description, Suriname and French Guiana); Shcherbachev, 1987: 42 (list, Indian Ocean);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FEE4585C15709B4E" author="" box="[363,637,1094,1116]" page="553" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FEE4585C15479B4E" box="[363,586,1094,1116]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref17359" refString="Allen, G. R. &amp; Cross, N. (1989) Apogonidae. In: Paxton, J. R., Hoese, D. F., Allen, G. R. &amp; Hanley, J. E. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 7. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 544 - 549." type="book chapter">Allen &amp; Cross, 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 553
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(list, Western Australia);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FC1F585C13509B4E" author="" box="[912,1117,1094,1116]" page="98" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FC1F585C13399B4E" box="[912,1076,1094,1116]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 98
</treatmentCitation>
, table 1 [key and distribution, western North Atlantic (from Florida to Guiana), Indian Ocean (from Tanzania to Sumatra), and South China Sea (off southern Vietnam)]; Williams
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FD8A589F15389B88" box="[517,565,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">et al</emphasis>
., 1996: 153, appendix 1 (list, Western Australia);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FBC4589E13F09B88" author="" box="[1099,1277,1156,1178]" page="2613" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FBC4589E13B09B88" box="[1099,1213,1156,1178]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref18692" refString="Gon, O. (1999) Epigonidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony Fishes Part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome, pp. 2611 - 2613." type="book chapter">Gon, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 2613
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(key and brief description, off southern Vietnam);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FDA058B915939BAB" box="[559,670,1187,1209]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref18762" refString="Gon, O. (2000) Family Epigonidae. In: Randall, J. E. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (Eds.), A checklist of the fishes of the South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 8 (Supplement), pp. 614." type="book chapter">Gon, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 614
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(list, South China Sea, off southern Vietnam);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FB2858B912659BAB" author="" box="[1191,1384,1187,1209]" page="32" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FB2858B912489BAB" box="[1191,1349,1187,1209]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref19594" refString="Hutchins, J. B. (2001) Checklist of the fishes of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australia Museum Supplement, 63, 9 - 50. https: // doi. org / 10.18195 / issn. 0313 - 122 x. 63.2001.009 - 050" type="journal article">Hutchins, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 32
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(list, Western Australia);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FE1D58DB150C9BC5" box="[402,513,1217,1239]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref18820" refString="Gon, O. (2003) Epigonidae. In: Carpenter, K. E. (Ed.), The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3. Bony Fishes Part 2 (Opistognathidae to Moridae). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologist and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. FAO, Rome, pp. 1392 - 1394." type="book chapter">Gon, 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 1394
</treatmentCitation>
(key and list, western North Atlantic);
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FC4658DB123E9BC5" author="" box="[969,1331,1217,1239]" page="235" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FC4658DB12099BC5" box="[969,1284,1217,1239]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref20252" refString="McEachran, J. D. &amp; Fechhelm, J. D. (2005) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 2. Scorpaeniformes to Tetraodontiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, viii + 1004 pp." type="book">McEachran &amp; Fechhelm, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 235
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(list, Gulf of Mexico);
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FEC258FB15189BE4" box="[333,533,1248,1270]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref19284" refString="Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Allen, G. R. &amp; Cross, N. J. (2006) Epigonidae. Deepsea cardinalfishes, deepwater cardinalfishes. In: Hoese, D. F., Bray, D. J., Paxton, J. R. &amp; Allen, G. R. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 35. Fishes. Parts 1 - 3. CSIRO Publishing and the Australian Biological Resources Study, Collingwood, pp. 1113 - 1115." type="book chapter">
Hoese
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FE1858FB16CA9BE4" box="[407,455,1248,1270]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">et al</emphasis>
., 2006
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: 1114
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(list, Western Australia); Okamoto &amp; Nakayama, 2016: 79, fig. 1 (description, southeastern Atlantic and Timor Sea).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF18590413289A21" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1362]" box="[151,1061,1309,1331]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7D4079FF18590415899A21" ID-CoL="6G5LC" authority="McCosker &amp; Long, 1997: 126" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Long" authorityPageNumber="126" authorityYear="1997" box="[151,644,1309,1331]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merleni">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF18590416479A21" box="[151,330,1309,1331]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Epigonus merleni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FEDF590715899A21" author="" box="[336,644,1309,1331]" page="126" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
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: 126
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, fig. 1 (
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locality: Galápagos Islands).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF18592713219A40" blockId="16.[151,1437,941,1362]" box="[151,1068,1340,1362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1B29006E7D4079FF18592713219A40" box="[151,1068,1340,1362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7D4079FF18592716719A40" ID-CoL="6FTK6" baseAuthorityName="Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,380,1340,1362]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atherinoides">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF18592716719A40" box="[151,380,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Epigonus atherinoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(not of Gilbert, 1905):
<treatmentCitation id="0AAA283F6E7D4079FDE6592614749A40" author="" box="[617,889,1340,1362]" page="117" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FDE6592614479A40" box="[617,842,1340,1362]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref19442" refString="Horikoshi, M., Ohta, S., Okiyama, M., Shigei, M., Imajima, M., Takeda, M., Gamo, S., Noda, H., Irimura, S., Nakamura, K., Hiruta, S., Kito, K., Ito, T., Hoshino, T. &amp; Okamura, O. (1983) Epigonus atherinoides (GILBERT). In: Horikoshi, M., Ohta, S., Shirayama, Y. &amp; Tsuchida, E. (Eds.), Preliminary Catalogue of Benthic Organisms Collected at Each Station during Various Cruises of R / Vs Tansei-Maru and Hakuho-Maru, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo (1966 - 1982). University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp. 117." type="journal article">
Horikoshi
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FD5B5927140C9A40" box="[724,769,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">et al</emphasis>
., 1983
</bibRefCitation>
: 117
</treatmentCitation>
(list, Timor Sea).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7D4079FF18596413F59AA9" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF18596413F59AA9" blockId="16.[151,1436,1406,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<materialsCitation id="3B6304736E7D4079FF18596413F59AA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1820369964" collectingDate="1899-01-21" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Indonesia" elevation="903" latitude="-3.3668332" location="Material" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="101.184166" municipality="Eastern Indian Ocean" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatra" typeStatus="syntype">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF185964168A9A85" bold="true" box="[151,391,1406,1431]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<location id="8ED458F56E7D4079FF18596417F29A85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A2BF386E7D4078FF185F0412449CDA:8ED458F56E7D4079FF18596417F29A85" box="[151,255,1406,1431]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-3.3668332" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="101.184166" municipality="Eastern Indian Ocean" name="Material" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" stateProvince="Sumatra">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1A96EB6E7D4079FE1B599A16DC9A85" box="[404,465,1408,1431]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum f<>r Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">ZMB</collectionCode>
17678,
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E7D4079FDB5599A159C9A8A" box="[570,657,1408,1432]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7D4079FD4B5965149B9A85" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1906" box="[708,918,1407,1431]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Oxyodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FD4B5965149B9A85" box="[708,918,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Oxyodon macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7D4079FC24596413299A85" box="[939,1060,1406,1431]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.025" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="202.5">202.5 mm</quantity>
SL, western coast of
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7D4079FAB7596512959A85" box="[1336,1432,1407,1431]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7D4079FF1859B8160A9AA9" box="[151,263,1442,1467]" name="Indonesia" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD094546E7D4079FE9D59B915089AA9" box="[274,517,1442,1467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Eastern Indian Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F68E96E7D4079FD9E59B915829AA9" box="[529,655,1443,1467]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" precision="9" value="-3.3668332">03°22.01 S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE3F68E96E7D4079FD1359B814279AA8" box="[668,810,1442,1467]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" precision="9" value="101.184166">101°11.05 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="0026E91D6E7D4079FCBA59B914719AA8" box="[821,892,1443,1467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.03" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="903.0">
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7D4079FCBA59B914719AA8" box="[821,892,1443,1467]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.03" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="903.0">903 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth,
<collectingDate id="EFF1D1066E7D4079FC4059B913859AA9" box="[975,1160,1443,1467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" value="1899-01-21">
<date id="FFB528EE6E7D4079FC4059B913859AA9" box="[975,1160,1443,1467]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" value="1899-01-21">21 January 1899</date>
</collectingDate>
(
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7D4079FB1859B813E79AA9" box="[1175,1258,1442,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1450,1472]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1023,1428]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[188,1398,1023,1428]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Epigonus macrops, ZMB 17678, syntype, 202.5 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182195/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7D4079FF4859DC160F9959" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF4859DC160F9959" blockId="16.[151,1436,1406,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF4859DC164C9ACD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1478,1503]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsal-fin rays VII-I-I, 10 or rarely VIII-I, 10; pectoral-fin rays 1820; total gill rakers 1820; vertebrae 10 + 15; pyloric caeca 8; pored lateral-line scales 4551 + 35; opercular spine absent; maxillary mustache-like processes absent; ribs present on last abdominal vertebra; ventral luminous organ present; tongue toothless.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7D4079FF485A4C14EF98A1" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4079FF485A4C14EF98A1" blockId="16.[151,1436,1406,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF485A4C16EF997D" bold="true" box="[199,482,1622,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Measurements (% SL).</emphasis>
Data based on Okamoto &amp; Nakayama (2016); counts are given in Table 1. Head length 34.637.8; head height 17.420.2; body depth 20.824.3; body width 14.017.7; caudal-peduncle depth 8.910.9; caudal-peduncle length 24.428.9; orbital diameter 14.717.5; interorbital width 10.212.0; postorbital length 12.314.6; upper-jaw length 13.314.8; lower-jaw length 15.919.3; snout length 6.79.5; pre-first dorsalfin length 36.840.1; pre-second dorsal-fin length 57.060.3; pre-pectoral-fin length 35.239.5; pre-pelvic-fin length 35.841.7; pre-anus length 57.061.7; pre-anal-fin length 64.369.4; first spine length on first dorsal fin 1.22.8; second spine length on first dorsal fin 11.515.9; third spine length on first dorsal fin 12.315.7; second dorsal-fin spine length 4.97.8; first anal-fin spine length 1.22.7; second anal-fin spine length 4.88.8; pelvic-fin spine length 11.714.8; first dorsal-fin base length 10.816.0; second dorsal-fin base length 9.611.3; anal-fin base length 9.310.9; pectoral-fin length 16.721.3; pelvic-fin length 14.916.0.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7D4078FF485BA415A39DB5" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7D4078FF485BA4126F9E2D" blockId="16.[151,1436,1406,2007]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,968]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7D4079FF485BA4166D98C5" bold="true" box="[199,352,1982,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Distribution.</emphasis>
Off tropical east Africa and Walters Shoals,
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7D4079FCD35BDA14BA98C5" box="[860,951,1984,2007]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="16" pageNumber="277">Western</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7D4079FBEA5BA513FE98C5" box="[1125,1267,1983,2007]" pageId="16" pageNumber="277" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer 1974</bibRefCitation>
; Shcherbachev 1987;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FF505C8D16809FA2" box="[223,397,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov 1992</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FE2D5C82150F9FA2" box="[418,514,152,176]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FD805C8215D19FA2" box="[527,732,151,176]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FD805C8215679FBD" box="[527,618,152,175]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Western</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FDFD5C8D15D19FA2" box="[626,732,151,176]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Australia</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, and Timor Sea, Eastern Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FB2E5C82123E9FA2" box="[1185,1331,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref17837" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 432 pp., 18 pls." type="book chapter">Brauer 1906</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FACF5C8D16119FC6" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref17359" refString="Allen, G. R. &amp; Cross, N. (1989) Apogonidae. In: Paxton, J. R., Hoese, D. F., Allen, G. R. &amp; Hanley, J. E. (Eds.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 7. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, pp. 544 - 549." type="book chapter">Allen &amp; Cross 1989</bibRefCitation>
; Williams
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FE165CA716C19FC6" box="[409,460,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
. 1996; Okamoto &amp; Nakayama 2016);
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FC045CA614B39FC7" box="[907,958,188,213]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Gulf</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FC665CA6134C9FC7" box="[1001,1089,188,213]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FC665CA6134C9FC7" box="[1001,1089,188,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, Caribbean Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FA8A5CA612629FC7" box="[1285,1391,188,213]" name="Bahamas" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, off
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FF185CC5164C9FEA" box="[151,321,223,248]" country="France" name="Guyane" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FF185CC5164C9FEA" box="[151,321,223,248]" name="French Guiana" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FE0F5CC516E39FEA" box="[384,494,223,248]" name="Suriname" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, western North Atlantic (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FC9F5CFA14929FEA" box="[784,927,224,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FC235CC513289FEA" box="[940,1061,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref18499" refString="Fujii, E. (1983) Genus Epigonus. In: Uyeno, T., Matsuura, K. &amp; Fujii, E. (Eds.), Fishes trawled off Suriname and French Guiana. Japan Marine Fishery Resource Research Center, Tokyo, pp. 322 - 323." type="book chapter">Fujii 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FBBC5CC512829FEA" box="[1075,1423,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref20252" refString="McEachran, J. D. &amp; Fechhelm, J. D. (2005) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 2. Scorpaeniformes to Tetraodontiformes. University of Texas Press, Austin, viii + 1004 pp." type="book">McEachran &amp; Fechhelm 2005</bibRefCitation>
); off
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FF315D1E161E9E0F" box="[190,275,260,285]" name="Angola" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Angola</collectingCountry>
, southeastern Atlantic (Okamoto &amp; Nakayama 2016); off
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FC2E5D1E130E9E0F" box="[929,1027,260,285]" name="Vietnam" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FB805D1E135D9E0F" box="[1039,1104,260,285]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">South</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F31C4EBE6E7C4078FBD75D1E13969E0F" box="[1112,1179,260,285]" name="China" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">China</collectingCountry>
Sea, (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FB6F5D1E12829E0E" box="[1248,1423,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov 1992</bibRefCitation>
); Galápagos Islands, eastern Pacific (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FDAB5D3D14369E52" box="[548,827,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref20198" refString="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Long, D. J. (1997) A new species of the deepwater cardinalfish Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Galapagos Islands. Ichthyological Research, 44, 125 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02678691" type="journal article">McCosker &amp; Long 1997</bibRefCitation>
; Okamoto
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FC395D3314EA9E52" box="[950,999,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
. 2012); at depths of
<quantity id="4CF3A3CB6E7C4078FB405D3212539E2D" box="[1231,1374,296,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" unit="m" value="610.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="120.0">1201100 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7C4078FF485D5615A39DB5" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FF485D5615149E77" bold="true" box="[199,537,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Comparisons and Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FDAD5D5715FE9E76" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[546,755,333,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FDAD5D5715FE9E76" box="[546,755,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Epigonus macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unique in the genus in having a ventral luminous organ; one of the eight pyloric caeca appears to have become modified into this organ. The luminescent window is located mid-ventrally between the anterior part of the pelvic-fins and is covered by a single large scale (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FA845D8F12959EBE" box="[1291,1432,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer 1974</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 7; Okamoto
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FEDF5DA3168F9EC2" box="[336,386,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
. 2012: fig. 3). Also, the eighth dorsal-fin spine is isolated between the first and second dorsal fins or, rarely, is connected by a membrane to the seventh spine of the first dorsal fin (expressed as VII-I-I, 10 or VIII-I, 10). This feature is shared with only four other species in the genus and is known as a unique diagnostic character for the
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FED35E3F16FE9D2E" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1810" box="[348,499,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="telescopus">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FED35E3F16FE9D2E" box="[348,499,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">E. telescopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FDC15E3E14009D2F" box="[590,781,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref21172" refString="Okamoto, M. (2016 b) Epigonidae. In: Matsuura, K. &amp; Hoshino, K. (Eds.), Fishes Collected from the Western South Indian Ocean. Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, pp. 74 - 77." type="book chapter">Okamoto 2016b</bibRefCitation>
). Although several authors reported
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FB3F5E3F123D9D2E" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[1200,1328,549,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FB3F5E3F123D9D2E" box="[1200,1328,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">E. macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the east coast of Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FE0C5E52151C9D72" box="[387,529,584,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref20071" refString="Mayer, G. F. (1974) A revision of the cardinalfish genus Epigonus (Perciformes, Apogonidae), with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin Museum of Comparative Zoology, 146, 147 - 203." type="journal article">Mayer 1974</bibRefCitation>
; Shchelbachev 1987;
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FC865E5D14BA9D72" box="[777,951,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref17192" refString="Abramov, A. A. (1992) Species composition and distribution of Epigonus (Epigonidae) in the world ocean. Journal of Ichthyology, 32, 94 - 108." type="journal article">Abramov 1992</bibRefCitation>
), these authors did not provide any data of the examined specimens (spots of the species in
<figureCitation id="133012AB6E7C4078FD585E7614109D96" box="[727,797,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[376,1217,1316,1962]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[346,1242,1316,1975]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of four species of the Epigonus oligolepis group and the E. telescopus group in the Western Indian Ocean." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1182169/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
based on their studies). We thus did not examine any specimens from the
<collectingRegion id="49CFC0CC6E7C4078FEF65E8A16D99DB5" box="[377,468,656,679]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Western</collectingRegion>
Indian Ocean area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7C4078FF485EAF17CA9C07" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7C4078FF485EAF17CA9C07" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FF485EAF16979DDE" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[199,410,693,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FF485EAF16979DDE" box="[199,410,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Epigonus macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described based on two
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E7C4078FCE15EAF14DD9DDF" box="[878,976,693,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
from the eastern Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FAC15EAE17DE9DE2" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref17837" refString="Brauer, A. (1906) Die Tiefsee-Fische. I. Systematischer Teil. In: Chun, C. (Ed.), Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 99. Vol. 15. Gustav Fischer, Jena, 432 pp., 18 pls." type="book chapter">Brauer 1906</bibRefCitation>
). Although we did examine the larger specimen of these, deposited in the ZMB, a smaller specimen has been lost.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3115DA56E7C4078FF485F3A12449CDA" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BB40E2E6E7C4078FF485F3A12449CDA" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FF485F3A15BE9C2A" ID-CoL="6G5LC" authority="McCosker &amp; Long, 1997" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Long" authorityYear="1997" box="[199,691,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merleni">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FF485F3A16839C2A" box="[199,398,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">Epigonus merleni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9A73DF6E7C4078FE195F0515BE9C2A" box="[406,691,799,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" refId="ref20198" refString="McCosker, J. E. &amp; Long, D. J. (1997) A new species of the deepwater cardinalfish Epigonus (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Galapagos Islands. Ichthyological Research, 44, 125 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02678691" type="journal article">McCosker &amp; Long, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described on the basis a single specimen collected from the Galápagos Islands. It was considered to be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FC425F5F13409C4E" ID-CoL="6G5JK" authorityName=": Mayer" authorityYear="1974" box="[973,1101,837,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FC425F5F13409C4E" box="[973,1101,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">E. macrops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having 11 + 14 Vertebrae and 57 lateral-line scales, but first authors examination of
<typeStatus id="54B0B08C6E7C4078FCA35F7D14839C92" box="[812,910,871,896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FC3B5F7313259C92" ID-CoL="6G5LC" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Long" authorityYear="1997" box="[948,1064,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merleni">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FC3B5F7313259C92" box="[948,1064,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">E. merleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
revealed that it actually has 10 + 15 vertebrae, 48 + 5 lateral-line scales, and a luminescent window near the pelvic-fin base (see Okamoto
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FAEE5F9712999CB6" box="[1377,1428,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
. 2012). Therefore, they concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FDCA5FAB15B49CDA" ID-CoL="6G5LC" authorityName="McCosker &amp; Long" authorityYear="1997" box="[581,697,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="merleni">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FDCA5FAB15B49CDA" box="[581,697,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">E. merleni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C0B75AD6E7C4078FC4C5FAB12489CDA" ID-CoL="6G5JK" authority="(Okamoto et al. 2012)" authorityName="Okamoto et al." authorityYear="2012" box="[963,1349,943,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Epigonidae" genus="Epigonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="278" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrops">
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FC4C5FAB134F9CDA" box="[963,1090,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">E. macrops</emphasis>
(Okamoto
<emphasis id="B97FD23C6E7C4078FB4E5FAB13FE9CDA" box="[1217,1267,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="278">et al</emphasis>
. 2012)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>