229 lines
33 KiB
XML
229 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="C060BAD0ECDF7FD9A201D04D8AED3286" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.64.1.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5062002" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625237296819" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Novis, Phil M., Braidwood, Jasmine & Kilroy, Cathy" docDate="2012" docId="039987EEFFA32F15FF0154ACFE4DFE60" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.64.11-45.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 64 (1)" docSource="http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.64.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104.3:Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="13F189B31CB4CCCE9197361A4E100104" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2011-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Planothidium victori Novis & Braidwood & Kilroy 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFA0FF96FFA82F19FF96555FFFF4FFA0" masterDocTitle="Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698984801949" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="844D6DA8A9F1FD0C212C07ADA018C167">Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F1A75A12694FB47F07ED4B49B7303B0A">Novis, Phil M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2638B22AE271B0612CD38D6AE661B093">Braidwood, Jasmine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BF69C5C9B651ACBE3A1C404475B0376">Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9AA7E79D5EB9FE10ADCA39C8605E94F3">Kilroy, Cathy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0AEE9C5FD6C22DA16B38816E5A766CD">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P. O. Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6D92A6F2EA4F939E5CC8731C6EF28D66">2012</mods:date>
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<heading id="D0C78194FFA32F12FF0154ACFAE4FDB0" bold="true" box="[151,1296,499,528]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FF0154ACFE5CFDAF" authority="Novis & Braidwood & Kilroy, 2012" authorityName="Novis & Braidwood & Kilroy" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,424,499,527]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="victori" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FF0154ACFE5CFDAF" bold="true" box="[151,424,499,527]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Planothidium victori</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2775791FFA32F12FE2654ACFDE2FDB0" box="[432,534,499,528]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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P.M. Novis, J. Braidwood & C. Kilroy (
|
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<figureCitation id="130B2A7DFFA32F12FBA554ACFB33FDB0" box="[1075,1223,499,528]" captionStart="FIGURE 13–41" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1565,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-333@10.[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 13–41. Planothidium spp. from the Styx River. Scales: Fig. 17, 5 µm (use for 13–20, 26–39); others 1 µm. Figs 13–25. Planothidium frequentissimum strain LCR-S:2:1:1, CHR618407. Figs 13–20, Cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 13–15, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure; Figs 16–18, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules). Figs 19, 20, variation seen in girdle view, with convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 21–25, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 21, raphid valve; Fig. 22, araphid valve with horseshoe visible; Fig. 23, internal view of araphid valve showing structure of horseshoe; Fig. 24, internal view of half of raphid valve; Fig. 25, araphid valve with depressed pseudoraphe. Figs 26–41. Planothidium victori strain LCR-S:18:1:1, CHR618408. Figs 26–39, cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 26–31, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure and curved valve margin especially in smaller valves; Figs 32–37, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules); Fig. 38, small araphid valve with horseshoe and hooked apex showing that the valve hook can occur at either end with respect to the horseshoe (compare with 30, 31); Fig. 39, girdle view showing convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 40, 41, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 40, araphid valve with horseshoe attachment visible; Fig. 41, oblique view of raphid valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5062010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Figs 26–41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130B2A7DFFA32F12FB4354ACFAF2FDB0" box="[1237,1286,499,528]" captionStart="FIGURE 161" captionStartId="27.[151,246,1373,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,351,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-325@27.[151,1436,346,1352]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 161. Bayesian phylogenies of Planothidium strains from the Styx River, for 18S rDNA (left) and rbcL (right). Support numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities / Maximum Parsimony bootstrap values. Scale bar = 0.1 subsitutions/ site. See text for substitution models and description of data sets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5062038/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">161</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA32F12FF01571FFD3CFCF7" blockId="11.[151,1436,576,855]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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Frustules elliptic-lanceolate in valve view, monoraphid, 14.0–
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<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FCAB571FFC6CFDF7" box="[829,920,576,599]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 µm</quantity>
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long, 5.0–
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<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FB86571FFBAAFDF7" box="[1040,1118,576,599]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 µm</quantity>
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wide. Frustules rotationally asymmetric to a variable degree in valve view, from almost linear to slightly curved near one pole to incised near one pole to form a hook. Striae transverse to slightly radiate at central area to more strongly radiate at poles, 14–15(–16) in
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<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FF7357FFFEC4FD17" box="[229,304,672,695]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 µm</quantity>
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, multiseriate. Araphid valve asymmetric at central area where striae are interrupted by a “hoofmark” structure (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A7DFFA32F12FEA2579FFE72FD77" box="[308,390,704,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 13–41" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1565,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-333@10.[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 13–41. Planothidium spp. from the Styx River. Scales: Fig. 17, 5 µm (use for 13–20, 26–39); others 1 µm. Figs 13–25. Planothidium frequentissimum strain LCR-S:2:1:1, CHR618407. Figs 13–20, Cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 13–15, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure; Figs 16–18, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules). Figs 19, 20, variation seen in girdle view, with convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 21–25, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 21, raphid valve; Fig. 22, araphid valve with horseshoe visible; Fig. 23, internal view of araphid valve showing structure of horseshoe; Fig. 24, internal view of half of raphid valve; Fig. 25, araphid valve with depressed pseudoraphe. Figs 26–41. Planothidium victori strain LCR-S:18:1:1, CHR618408. Figs 26–39, cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 26–31, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure and curved valve margin especially in smaller valves; Figs 32–37, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules); Fig. 38, small araphid valve with horseshoe and hooked apex showing that the valve hook can occur at either end with respect to the horseshoe (compare with 30, 31); Fig. 39, girdle view showing convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 40, 41, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 40, araphid valve with horseshoe attachment visible; Fig. 41, oblique view of raphid valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5062010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
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;
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<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FE05579FFE3AFD77" box="[403,462,704,727]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B09FFA32F12FE40579FFCE0FD77" author="Bukhtiyarova, L. & Round, F. E." box="[470,788,704,727]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref17473" refString="Bukhtiyarova, L. & Round, F. E. (1996) Revision of the genus Achnanthes sensu lato. Psammothidium, a new genus based on A. marginulatum. Diatom Research 11: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1996">Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996</bibRefCitation>
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) appressed to inner valve surface. Position of hooked pole relative to hoofmark shows that hook can occur at either pole (but never both;
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<figureCitation id="130B2A7DFFA32F12FBA057BFFB7CFD57" box="[1078,1160,736,759]" captionStart="FIGURE 13–41" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1565,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-333@10.[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 13–41. Planothidium spp. from the Styx River. Scales: Fig. 17, 5 µm (use for 13–20, 26–39); others 1 µm. Figs 13–25. Planothidium frequentissimum strain LCR-S:2:1:1, CHR618407. Figs 13–20, Cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 13–15, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure; Figs 16–18, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules). Figs 19, 20, variation seen in girdle view, with convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 21–25, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 21, raphid valve; Fig. 22, araphid valve with horseshoe visible; Fig. 23, internal view of araphid valve showing structure of horseshoe; Fig. 24, internal view of half of raphid valve; Fig. 25, araphid valve with depressed pseudoraphe. Figs 26–41. Planothidium victori strain LCR-S:18:1:1, CHR618408. Figs 26–39, cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 26–31, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure and curved valve margin especially in smaller valves; Figs 32–37, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules); Fig. 38, small araphid valve with horseshoe and hooked apex showing that the valve hook can occur at either end with respect to the horseshoe (compare with 30, 31); Fig. 39, girdle view showing convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 40, 41, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 40, araphid valve with horseshoe attachment visible; Fig. 41, oblique view of raphid valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5062010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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). Araphid valve slightly convex, raphid valve slightly concave; frustules thus curved in girdle view (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A7DFFA32F12FB81565FFB9DFCB7" box="[1047,1129,768,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 13–41" captionStartId="10.[151,244,1565,1586]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-333@10.[151,1436,351,1543]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 13–41. Planothidium spp. from the Styx River. Scales: Fig. 17, 5 µm (use for 13–20, 26–39); others 1 µm. Figs 13–25. Planothidium frequentissimum strain LCR-S:2:1:1, CHR618407. Figs 13–20, Cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 13–15, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure; Figs 16–18, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules). Figs 19, 20, variation seen in girdle view, with convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 21–25, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 21, raphid valve; Fig. 22, araphid valve with horseshoe visible; Fig. 23, internal view of araphid valve showing structure of horseshoe; Fig. 24, internal view of half of raphid valve; Fig. 25, araphid valve with depressed pseudoraphe. Figs 26–41. Planothidium victori strain LCR-S:18:1:1, CHR618408. Figs 26–39, cleaned frustules viewed by LM; Figs 26–31, araphid valve showing horseshoe structure and curved valve margin especially in smaller valves; Figs 32–37, raphid valve (vertical pairs are through-focus images of the same frustules); Fig. 38, small araphid valve with horseshoe and hooked apex showing that the valve hook can occur at either end with respect to the horseshoe (compare with 30, 31); Fig. 39, girdle view showing convex araphid valve and concave raphid valve. Figs 40, 41, SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 40, araphid valve with horseshoe attachment visible; Fig. 41, oblique view of raphid valve." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5062010/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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),
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<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FB16565FFB0AFCB7" box="[1152,1278,768,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="4.05" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.6">3.6–4.5 µm</quantity>
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wide. Raphe straight, with expanded proximal area and terminal fissures curved towards the secondary valve side; internally, central ends are weakly curved. Sternum linear.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6573FFA32F12FF015620FB11FC17" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA32F12FF015620FB11FC17" blockId="11.[151,1436,895,951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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<materialsCitation id="3B583CA5FFA32F12FF015620FB15FC17" collectingDate="2009-11-04" collectionCode="LCR-S" collectorName="P. M. Novis & J. Braidwood" country="New Zealand" location="Styx River" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="CHR618408" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Canterbury" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FF015620FF23FC37" bold="true" box="[151,215,895,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
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<typeStatus id="548B885AFFA32F12FF015620FF27FC37" box="[151,211,895,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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—
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<collectingCountry id="F3277668FFA32F12FF6456DFFE4EFC37" box="[242,442,896,919]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">NEW ZEALAND</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49F4F81AFFA32F12FE5156DFFDB7FC37" box="[455,579,896,919]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="8EEF6023FFA32F12FDC656DFFD30FC37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987EEFFA32F15FF0154ACFE4DFE60:8EEF6023FFA32F12FDC656DFFD30FC37" box="[592,708,896,919]" country="New Zealand" name="Styx River" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Canterbury">Styx River</location>
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(lat. 43°27.800, long. 172°36.213), periphyton,
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<collectorName id="26C5532EFFA32F12FB4E56DFFAA5FC37" box="[1240,1361,896,919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P.M. Novis</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="26C5532EFFA32F12FA1D56DFFEB4FC17" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">J. Braidwood</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FF8E1038FFA32F12FEDC56FFFDFFFC17" box="[330,523,928,951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" value="2009-11-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFCAE9D0FFA32F12FEDC56FFFDFFFC17" box="[330,523,928,951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" value="2009-11-04">4 November 2009</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<specimenCode id="DB969E83FFA32F12FD8F56FFFD5EFC17" box="[537,682,928,951]" collectionCode="CHR" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dbb8-zaka" name="Landcare Research New Zealand Limited" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">CHR618408</specimenCode>
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||
!; cleaned frustules made from culture
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED21AE3DFFA32F12FBA856FFFB68FC17" box="[1086,1180,928,951]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">LCR-S</collectionCode>
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:18:1:1)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A6573FFA32F12FF0156B9FF3BFB87" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA32F12FF0156B9FF3BFB87" blockId="11.[151,1436,998,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FF0156B9FEC8FBA0" bold="true" box="[151,316,998,1024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
—this new species is only known from site
|
||
<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FCDB56B9FC8FFBA0" box="[845,891,998,1024]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
the Styx River,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F4F81AFFA32F12FBD656B9FB33FBA0" box="[1088,1223,998,1024]" country="New Zealand" name="Canterbury" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Canterbury</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3277668FFA32F12FB4256B9FA8CFBA0" box="[1236,1400,998,1024]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, to date.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32A6573FFA32F15FF50516CFE4DFE60" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA32F12FF50516CFDEAFBD4" blockId="11.[151,1436,998,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FF50516CFEA3FBED" bold="true" box="[198,343,1075,1101]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—named for Victor Brown, a long-serving co-ordinator of water quality monitoring volunteers in the Styx catchment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA32F12FF5051DFFC6AFA57" blockId="11.[151,1436,998,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FF5051DFFE7AFB3A" bold="true" box="[198,398,1152,1178]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Molecular data:</emphasis>
|
||
—The closest match to this strain’s 18S sequence is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FC6451DEFB6AFB3A" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Breb. ex Kutz." box="[1010,1182,1153,1178]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FC6451DEFB6AFB3A" box="[1010,1182,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L1249, isolated from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3277668FFA32F12FF0151F7FF26FB62" box="[151,210,1192,1218]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(p-distance = 0.024). The closest match to its
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FC8451F7FCCEFB61" box="[786,826,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">rbc</emphasis>
|
||
L sequence is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FC7E51F7FB39FB61" box="[1000,1229,1192,1217]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="frequentissimum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FC7E51F7FB39FB61" box="[1000,1229,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P. frequentissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
LCR-S:2:1:1 (pdistance = 0.024; the
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FE0F5190FE34FB48" box="[409,448,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">rbc</emphasis>
|
||
L sequence of L1249 is not available). The Styx strain formed a robust clade with L
|
||
<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FF3F51AAFEF7FAAF" box="[169,259,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17246" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="1249.0">1249 in</quantity>
|
||
both Bayesian and MPB analyses of 18S sequences, and a robust clade with LCR-S:2:1:
|
||
<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FAA251AAFAABFAAF" box="[1332,1375,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
both Bayesian and MPB analyses of
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FD9A5043FDC7FA95" box="[524,563,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">rbc</emphasis>
|
||
L sequences (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A7DFFA32F12FD455043FCCDFA96" box="[723,825,1308,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 161" captionStartId="27.[151,246,1373,1394]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,351,1328]" captionTargetId="figure-325@27.[151,1436,346,1352]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 161. Bayesian phylogenies of Planothidium strains from the Styx River, for 18S rDNA (left) and rbcL (right). Support numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities / Maximum Parsimony bootstrap values. Scale bar = 0.1 subsitutions/ site. See text for substitution models and description of data sets." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5062038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5062038/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Fig. 161</figureCitation>
|
||
). The length of the 18S fragment was 428 bp, in an overall dataset 1775 bp long with 296 variable sites (161 parsimony informative, 48 occurring within the fragment from the Styx strain). The model selected by BIC and implemented in the Bayesian analysis was T92+G. The length of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FE4F50CFFDF4FA09" box="[473,512,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">rbc</emphasis>
|
||
L fragment was 671 bp, in an overall dataset 1473 bp long with 956 variable sites (379 parsimony informative, 181 occurring with the fragment from the Styx strain). The model selected by BIC and implemented in the Bayesian analysis was GTR+G+I.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA32F12FF50535CFCF7F84E" blockId="11.[151,1436,998,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FF50535CFE82F9BD" bold="true" box="[198,374,1539,1565]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">Observations:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FE05535BFDF5F9BD" authorityName="Novis & Braidwood & Kilroy" authorityYear="2012" box="[403,513,1540,1565]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="victori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FE05535BFDF5F9BD" box="[403,513,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P. victori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within the size range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FCE9535BFBC6F9BD" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot" authorityYear="1999" baseAuthorityName="Breb. ex Kutz." box="[895,1074,1540,1565]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FCE9535BFBC6F9BD" box="[895,1074,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P. lanceolatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B09FFA32F12FA9F535BFE5CF9E4" author="Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H." pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refId="ref18758" refString="Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Die Su β wasserflora von Mitteleuropa 2: Bacillariophyceae 4 Teil: Achnanthaceae Kritische Erganzungen zu Achnanthes s. l., Navicula s. str., Gomphonema. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 468 pp." type="book" year="1991">Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but the non-hooked valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FCB75374FC7AF9E4" authorityName="Novis & Braidwood & Kilroy" authorityYear="2012" box="[801,910,1579,1604]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="victori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FCB75374FC7AF9E4" box="[801,910,1579,1604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P. victori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are thinner and with more acutely rounded ends. The asymmetrically bent or hooked variants of this species are presumably teratological. The asymmetry occurs in frustules that are also of shorter length (so could be a result of the size limitation of asexual reproduction), since it has been postulated that diatom species can no longer initiate their sexual cycle beyond a “cardinal point” of size decrease, and many frustules below this size are reputed to become teratological (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B09FFA32F12FEAB53B3FD7EF8A6" author="Kociolek, J. P. & Stoermer, E. F." box="[317,650,1772,1798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="75 - 87" refId="ref18521" refString="Kociolek, J. P. & Stoermer, E. F. (2010) Variation and polymorphism in diatoms: the triple helix of development, genetics and environment. A review of the literature. Vie et Milieu - Life and Environment 60: 75 - 87." type="journal article" year="2010">Kociolek & Stoermer 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Such forms can occur as a result of physical or chemical stress during development (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B09FFA32F12FE00524DFD8AF88C" author="Falasco, E. & Bona, F. & Badino, G. & Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L." box="[406,638,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref17992" refString="Falasco, E., Bona, F., Badino, G., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2009) Diatom teratological forms and environmental alterations: a review. Hydrobiologia 623: 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Falasco
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FE6D524CFDC3F88C" box="[507,567,1811,1836]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B09FFA32F12FD1D524DFC27F88C" author="Kociolek, J. P. & Stoermer, E. F." box="[651,979,1810,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="75 - 87" refId="ref18521" refString="Kociolek, J. P. & Stoermer, E. F. (2010) Variation and polymorphism in diatoms: the triple helix of development, genetics and environment. A review of the literature. Vie et Milieu - Life and Environment 60: 75 - 87." type="journal article" year="2010">Kociolek & Stoermer 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This morphotype was found in both field material and cultures, but no other teratological forms were found for any other species under any conditions in the Styx. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B09FFA32F12FDDA523FFC66F8DA" author="Golder Associates" box="[588,914,1888,1914]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refId="ref18099" refString="Golder Associates (2009) Styx River sediment study. Report number 087813152. Christchurch City Council, Christchurch, 39 pp. Accessible from http: // www. thestyx. co. nz / content / library / Styx _ Sediment _ survey _ report _ final _ Golder _ June _ 2009 _ 1. pdf" type="book" year="2009">Golder Associates (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported levels of Cd, Cr, and Cu above background levels about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC89B1DFFA32F12FE5E52D9FDF2F800" box="[456,518,1926,1952]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
upstream of site 4, none of these exceeded the ISQG-low level (below this level, adverse effects on aquatic life are regarded as unlikely). Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA32F12FC5E52F2FBC5F866" authorityName="Novis & Braidwood & Kilroy" authorityYear="2012" box="[968,1073,1965,1990]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="victori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA32F12FC5E52F2FBC5F866" box="[968,1073,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="22">P. victori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems particularly sensitive to contamination and may be a useful indicator species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA42F15FF5055C7FEF0FF5F" blockId="12.[151,1435,152,255]" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Although the cells resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA42F15FD8E55C7FD02FF11" box="[536,758,152,177]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Achnanthidiaceae" genus="Planothidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Achnanthales" pageId="12" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="frequentissimum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA42F15FD8E55C7FD02FF11" box="[536,758,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">P. frequentissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was also recovered from the Styx, the two strains clearly differed in their
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA42F15FE3B55E0FE20FF78" box="[429,468,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">rbc</emphasis>
|
||
L sequences, and in length, width, and stria density, so one is not a variant form of the other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA42F15FF015406FE66FED5" blockId="12.[151,402,344,373]" box="[151,402,344,373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA42F15FF7F5407FE66FED5" box="[233,402,344,373]" class="Bacillariophyceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Bacillariales" pageId="12" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="order">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA42F15FF7F5407FE66FED5" bold="true" box="[233,402,344,373]" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">Bacillariales</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F36F8FFA42F15FF0154FCFE4DFE60" blockId="12.[151,441,419,448]" box="[151,441,419,448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D7BFFA42F15FF6F54FCFE4DFE60" authorityName="C.G.Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" box="[249,441,419,448]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Bacillariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Bacillariales" pageId="12" pageNumber="23" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EAEAFFA42F15FF6F54FCFE4DFE60" bold="true" box="[249,441,419,448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="23">Bacillariaceae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |