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<mods:title id="AF5624EC58B4F7A92E72FC9D08E060C8">Taxonomy in the phylogenomic era: species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among North American ants of the Crematogaster scutellaris group (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039987E6FFDDFFF1FF63799AFA2365FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6352260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6352260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987E6FFDDFFF1FF63799AFA2365FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987E6FFDDFFF1FF63799AFA2365FA" lastPageNumber="926" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFDDFFF1FF63799AFD416332" box="[192,751,1274,1299]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFDDFFF1FF63799AFD416332" blockId="33.[192,751,1274,1299]" box="[192,751,1274,1299]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<heading id="D0C7819CFFDDFFF1FF63799AFD416332" box="[192,751,1274,1299]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FF63799AFDC36332" ID-CoL="6BDDZ" authority="BUREN, 1968" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[192,621,1274,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FF63799AFE616333" box="[192,463,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">CREMATOGASTER ROSSI</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFDDFFF1FE75799AFDC36332" author="Buren WF" box="[470,621,1274,1299]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">BUREN, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, STAT. REV.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFDDFFF1FF007853FE5D63E2" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFDDFFF1FF007853FCA763A7" blockId="33.[163,779,1330,1475]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2011DEFFDDFFF1FF007853FCA763A7" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9110E1FFDDFFF1FF007853FD246369" author="Buren WF" box="[163,650,1330,1352]" page="111" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" year="1968">
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FF007853FD246369" ID-CoL="6BDDZ" authority="Buren, 1968: 111" authorityName="Buren" authorityPageNumber="111" authorityYear="1968" box="[163,650,1330,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FF007853FE0E6369" box="[163,416,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Crematogaster rossi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B583CADFFDDFFF1FE0F7853FD246369" box="[428,650,1330,1352]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Mexico" location="San Jose del Cabo" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" specimenCode="USNMENT00531965" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California Sur" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFDDFFF1FE0F7853FD246369" author="Buren WF" box="[428,650,1330,1352]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" pagination="91 - 121" refId="ref34863" refString="Buren WF. 1968. A review of the species of Crematogaster, sensu stricto, in North America (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Part II. Descriptions of new species. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 3: 91 - 121." type="journal article" year="1968">Buren, 1968: 111</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="548B8852FFDDFFF1FD397852FCA76369" box="[666,777,1330,1352]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker,
<location id="8EEF602BFFDDFFF1FEBC7831FDAA6346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039987E6FFDDFFF1FF63799AFA2365FA:8EEF602BFFDDFFF1FEBC7831FDAA6346" box="[287,516,1361,1383]" country="Mexico" name="San Jose del Cabo" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" stateProvince="Baja California Sur">San Jose del Cabo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFDDFFF1FDB17831FCA86347" box="[530,774,1361,1383]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3277660FFDDFFF1FF187810FEA563A7" box="[187,267,1392,1414]" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(USNM) (
<specimenCode id="DB969E8BFFDDFFF1FEDC7810FDDB63A7" box="[383,629,1392,1414]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" type="Museum">USNMENT00531965</specimenCode>
) (examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFDDFFF1FF0078EEFE5D63E2" blockId="33.[163,779,1330,1475]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
Junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FEDC78EFFE8763E2" ID-CoL="ZBWW" authority=": Morgan &amp; Mackay, 2017: 396" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityPageNumber="396" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FEDC78EFFD886382" box="[383,550,1422,1444]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. vermiculata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFA14B01FFDDFFF1FD9078EFFE8763E2" author="Morgan C &amp; Mackay W" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" refId="ref36528" refString="Morgan C, Mackay W. 2017. The North America acrobat ants of the hyperdiverse genus Crematogaster. Balti, Moldova: Lambert Academic Publishing." type="book" year="2017">Morgan &amp; Mackay, 2017: 396</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; here overturned.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32A657BFFDDFFF1FF00788CFA2365FA" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFDDFFF1FF00788CFDD5605D" blockId="33.[163,779,1516,1660]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FF00788CFE056020" box="[163,427,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Worker measurements (</emphasis>
N
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FE65788CFE576020" box="[454,505,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">= 6):</emphasis>
HW 0.901.1, HL 0.83 1.04, SL 0.760.86, WL 0.951.25, MtFL 0.800.99, MSC 08, A4SC 2534, PP-SL/HW 0.150.19, CI 1.06 1.13, OI 0.250.27, SI 0.780.85, MtFL/HW 0.870.92, SPL/HW 0.240.26, SPTD/HW 0.530.60.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFDDFFF1FF007BC6FB9B64C5" blockId="33.[163,780,1701,1907]" lastBlockId="33.[827,1444,197,740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FF007BC6FE86609A" box="[163,296,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Discussion:</emphasis>
Phylogenomic (UCE) data reveal a close relationship of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FEEF7BA4FE3360F8" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[332,413,1732,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FEEF7BA4FE3360F8" box="[332,413,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FE187BA4FDFC60F8" box="[443,594,1732,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FE187BA4FDFC60F8" box="[443,594,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C.californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FD267BA4FCAA60F8" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[645,772,1732,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuntiae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FD267BA4FCAA60F8" box="[645,772,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. opuntiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; it has no close affinity to
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FE497B83FD3160D6" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[490,671,1762,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FE497B83FD3160D6" box="[490,671,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130B2A75FFDDFFF1FD177B82FD5460D9" box="[692,762,1762,1784]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,246,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[245,1361,198,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-121@5.[241,1364,195,1472]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogeny of the North American Crematogaster scutellaris group. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree estimated from the 90% taxon completeness matrix after application of spruceup trimming with a 0.98 cut-off (90%-0.98-spruceup), using a combined best tree and ultrafast bootstrap (N = 1000) search in IQ-TREE v.1.6.12 and implementing 746 partitions. The analysis was rooted using the most distantly related outgroup taxon C. cf.rogenhoferi; the long branch leading to this taxon has been shortened for space-saving purposes. All nodes have bootstrap support = 100% unless labelled otherwise. Species images courtesy of AntWeb (www.antweb.org)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10115065/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FF007A61FE2B6136" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[163,389,1793,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FF007A61FE2B6136" box="[163,389,1793,1815]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Crematogaster rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognizable by the combination of a predominantly shiny head, conspicuously rugulose promesonotum on a reticulate-foveolate background and abundant standing pilosity on the gaster. The mesosomal sculpture is superficially similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FC987D84FC4C66D8" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[827,994,228,249]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FC987D84FC4C66D8" box="[827,994,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the two species differ in numerous ways.
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FC277C63FBDD6739" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[900,1139,259,280]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FC277C63FBDD6739" box="[900,1139,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Crematogaster rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger (HW 0.901.10, WL 0.951.25), with disproportionately longer scapes (SI 0.780.85) and legs (MtFL/HW 0.870.92) and with propodeal spines that are straight, longer and more divergent posteriorly (SPL/WL 0.220.24, SPTD/HW 0.530.60) (compare with equivalent measurements for
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FBBF7CDBFB6467EE" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1052,1226,442,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FBBF7CDBFB6467EE" box="[1052,1226,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below). There are up to two isolated standing hairs on each pronotal humerus and usually a few short standing hairs on the mesonotal declivity (MSC 07), but the pilosity on the gaster is particularly well-developed (A4SC 2534, compared with A4SC
<quantity id="4CC89B15FFDDFFF1FB2F7F34FB4C644B" box="[1164,1250,596,618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="5.08" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="9.0">920 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FB497F34FA3A6448" authorityName=": Morgan &amp; Mackay" authorityYear="2017" box="[1258,1428,596,617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiculata">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FB497F34FA3A6448" box="[1258,1428,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. vermiculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). From the closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FB6E7F13FAC364A6" box="[1229,1389,626,648]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FB6E7F13FAC364A6" box="[1229,1389,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. californica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FC987FF1FC6C6486" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[827,962,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuntiae">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FC987FF1FC6C6486" box="[827,962,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. opuntiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FC727FF1FB876486" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[977,1065,657,679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FC727FF1FB876486" box="[977,1065,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">C. rossi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished primarily by its promesonotal sculpture and abundant standing pilosity on the gaster.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8F36F0FFDDFFF1FC987E6DFA2365FA" blockId="33.[827,1443,781,987]" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
<emphasis id="B944EAE2FFDDFFF1FC987E6DFA2D6502" box="[827,1411,781,803]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">
Distribution and biology:
<taxonomicName id="4C304D73FFDDFFF1FB257E6DFA2D6502" authorityName="Buren" authorityYear="1968" box="[1158,1411,781,803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rossi">Crematogaster rossi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from the Mexican states of
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFDDFFF1FB677E4CFA0D6560" box="[1220,1443,812,834]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFDDFFF1FCCC7E2AFB866541" box="[879,1064,842,864]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Baja California</collectingRegion>
, and (more doubtfully)
<collectingRegion id="49F4F812FFDDFFF1FAE37E2AFA306541" box="[1344,1438,842,864]" country="Mexico" name="Nayarit" pageId="33" pageNumber="926">Nayarit</collectingRegion>
. Specimens with habitat information come from oak woodland and dry wash next to oak woodland but others have been collected from sites in more xeric locations. The species is apparently a ground-nester.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>