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<document id="98B3BEB68941D5B9EEAC247344699A25" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4013.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ea14f8d9-8bdf-4159-a629-5fd0ac26d608" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="241671" ID-ZooBank="E573E443-9D0B-4582-B8E2-CADFC03C1A1E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461249009989" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gustafsson, Daniel R. &amp; Bush, Sarah E." docDate="2015" docId="038B0B45FF83F9246AA0FB4A19FEFC2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04013p518.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4013 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Brueelia coryliventer Gustafsson &amp; Bush, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="516" masterDocId="FFB2733DFF89F9296A37FFD41B3DFFAE" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from African songbirds (Passeriformes: Sturnidae and Laniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="518" masterPageNumber="503" pageNumber="513" updateTime="1698607139793" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="6E26EF8450AF2F7FB9CA8F74C1044AF0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="688A9BCB39507AE1EF66146E8E55C576">
<mods:title id="C1582322CC3F436CE6C772B341317B2B">Four new species of Brueelia Kéler, 1936 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from African songbirds (Passeriformes: Sturnidae and Laniidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D9BBB7F316A27EFD1A3E0C0F535F9448" type="personal">
<mods:role id="62760896D5CD2D154AFEEA570BFD80DF">
<mods:roleTerm id="6908332C525D1A54C8A39208F39A4531">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="20BE269A99FFB65B33AD48A88543E099">Gustafsson, Daniel R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A9A9BD4B44D0BE8BF1840381DF2F06A1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AA811097D8AA9C3C0FD149D72EE2020C">
<mods:roleTerm id="4E09BDEB29C0B9838422F3C775D501EB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="17781926CD4CBB908C40D55E0D0C4115">Bush, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0CEE91B8D04F863872A5139FFF297088">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="EA09E2736995284921F31785E9DC8D8C" type="host">
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<mods:title id="2C7E0D848F11D83B0B814407F546D2C8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="99533C9DF007919D2FCC21CB3761AE01">
<mods:date id="8F38896434D5CA65D6D692E27E5A9FFC">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2B053DCA2D5B77DB502B25D4175743E2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="ACC84331A64FD3BF08174846C2DACA47">4013</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="012106AD0D7BF2C922F398F43A8A5D8D" type="issue">
<mods:number id="D90C381148237A8782B9D8A812260193">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="20352A089019891FADD579F8C07A912E">503</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7B4C8FCD2208DFF02EAFBB97A0D096FA">518</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="5AC178B31D28415E88A9B304A781C533">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4244BAA7DFF3876C9DB6900CE4FEFBD5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4013.4.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7B74DEE71C8D5974244BB9EF313DADAB" type="GBIF-Dataset">ea14f8d9-8bdf-4159-a629-5fd0ac26d608</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="889B7DF0391A421ECBF81EC013B07339" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7C36163568F62B473796B2DE2A3F387C" type="Zenodo-Dep">241671</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="36AE33C7374D67CB3B19F6C4954D7AA4" type="ZooBank">E573E443-9D0B-4582-B8E2-CADFC03C1A1E</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038B0B45FF83F9246AA0FB4A19FEFC2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107289" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119635454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107289" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038B0B45FF83F9246AA0FB4A19FEFC2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B0B45FF83F9246AA0FB4A19FEFC2E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF83F9236AA0FB4A1AD7FB74" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF83F9236AA0FB4A1811FB16" blockId="10.[151,812,1182,1242]" box="[151,812,1182,1208]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<heading id="D0D50D3FFF83F9236AA0FB4A1811FB16" bold="true" box="[151,812,1182,1208]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236AA0FB4A1811FB16" bold="true" box="[151,812,1182,1208]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236AA0FB4A19B2FB16" authority="Gustafsson &amp; Bush" authorityName="Gustafsson &amp; Bush" box="[151,655,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236AA0FB4A1AA8FB16" bold="true" box="[151,405,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Brueelia coryliventer</emphasis>
Gustafsson &amp; Bush
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265DB3AFF83F92368AAFB4A1811FB16" box="[669,812,1182,1208]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF83F9236AA0FB151AD7FB74" blockId="10.[151,812,1182,1242]" box="[151,490,1217,1242]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236AA8FB151A39FB74" box="[159,260,1217,1242]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[225,1360,214,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[207,1382,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. ex Creatophora cinerea. 7, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 8, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241675/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236B38FB161A10FB74" box="[271,301,1218,1242]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,204,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[246,1346,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia, dorsal views. 9, Brueelia clara n. sp. 10, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 11, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 12, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: lf = lateral fold; mf = median fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241676/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236B0EFB151A6AFB74" box="[313,343,1217,1242]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 16" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,242,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1410,224,1726]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 16. Female subgenital plates and vulval margins, ventral views. 13, Brueelia clara n. sp. 14, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 15, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 16, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: vms = vulval marginal setae; vos = vulval oblique setae; vss = vulval submarginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241677/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236B54FB161ABFFB74" box="[355,386,1218,1242]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[317,1275,213,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[304,1293,196,1974]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Male heads, dorsal and ventral views. 19, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 20, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241679/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">20</figureCitation>
; Table 1)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF83F9236AA0FAD61936FA91" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF83F9236AA0FAD61F11FAB5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1282,1955]" box="[151,1068,1282,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236AA0FAD61A2EFAB5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1282,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF83F9236AA0FAD61BEFFAB5" box="[151,210,1282,1307]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Type</typeStatus>
host:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236B2CFAD61864FAB5" authority="Meuschen, 1787" authorityName="Meuschen" authorityYear="1787" box="[283,857,1282,1307]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Creatophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236B2CFAD61939FAB5" box="[283,516,1282,1307]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Creatophora cinerea</emphasis>
(Meuschen, 1787) (Sturnidae)
</taxonomicName>
—wattled starling.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF83F9236AF0FAF21936FA91" blockId="10.[151,1437,1282,1955]" box="[199,523,1318,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236AF0FAF21A58FA91" bold="true" box="[199,357,1318,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF83F9236AF0FAF21A3FFA91" box="[199,258,1318,1343]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Isiolo,
<collectingCountry id="F335FAC3FF83F9236B8DFAF3193AFA91" box="[442,519,1319,1343]" name="Kenya" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Kenya</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF83F9236AF0FA9E1BDFF964" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF83F9236AF0FA9E1BDFF964" blockId="10.[151,1437,1282,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236AF0FA9E1A7CFACD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1354,1379]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236B7DFA9E1906FACD" box="[330,571,1354,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236B7DFA9E1906FACD" box="[330,571,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Brueelia coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F923692FFA981843FACD" box="[792,894,1354,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F923692FFA981843FACD" box="[792,894,1354,1379]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it shares the following characters: both sexes with moderate pigmentation on sternal and subgenital plates; lateral margins of preantennal head clearly convex; 1
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236B3BFA401A18FA05" box="[268,293,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">ps</emphasis>
present on male abdominal segment III on each side; 2
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F92369A9FA40188AFA05" box="[926,951,1428,1451]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">ps</emphasis>
present on male abdominal segment IV on each side; 2
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236B15FA631A06FA60" box="[290,315,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">ps</emphasis>
on female abdominal segment IV on each side; female subgenital plate slenderly pentagonal. These two species differ in the following characters: frons flat and angular in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236985FA081F65FA5D" box="[946,1112,1498,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236985FA081F65FA5D" box="[946,1112,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236E5FFA0E1F84FA5D" box="[1128,1209,1498,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[317,1275,213,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[304,1293,196,1974]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Male heads, dorsal and ventral views. 19, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 20, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241679/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) but gently rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236A83FA2B1A24F9B9" box="[180,281,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236A83FA2B1A24F9B9" box="[180,281,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236B1EFA2A1A40F9B9" box="[297,381,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[317,1275,213,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[304,1293,196,1974]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Male heads, dorsal and ventral views. 19, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 20, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241679/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
);
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236BA4FA2B1AF8F9B8" box="[403,453,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">psps</emphasis>
present in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236875FA2B19D4F9B9" box="[578,745,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236875FA2B19D4F9B9" box="[578,745,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F92368CDFA2A1800F9B9" box="[762,829,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[225,1360,214,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[207,1382,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. ex Creatophora cinerea. 7, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 8, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241675/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) but absent on male tergite V in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236E84FA2B1E25F9B9" box="[1203,1304,1534,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236E84FA2B1E25F9B9" box="[1203,1304,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236F10FA2A1E51F9B9" box="[1319,1388,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[269,1335,280,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[245,1365,266,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Brueelia tkachi n. sp. ex Spreo albicapillus albicapillus. 5, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 6, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241674/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
);
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236FB4FA2B1EA1F9B8" box="[1411,1436,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">ps</emphasis>
present on female abdominal segment III in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F92368B3F9F01817F995" box="[644,810,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F92368B3F9F01817F995" box="[644,810,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F923690EF9F61846F995" box="[825,891,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[225,1360,214,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[207,1382,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. ex Creatophora cinerea. 7, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 8, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241675/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) but absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236E16F9F01FB9F995" box="[1057,1156,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236E16F9F01FB9F995" box="[1057,1156,1570,1595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236EA4F9F61FEAF995" box="[1171,1239,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[269,1335,280,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[245,1365,266,1899]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 6. Brueelia tkachi n. sp. ex Spreo albicapillus albicapillus. 5, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 6, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241674/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); basal plate with narrow, rounded anterior end in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F923683EF993198CF9F1" box="[521,689,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F923683EF993198CF9F1" box="[521,689,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F92368F5F9921828F9F1" box="[706,789,1606,1631]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,204,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[246,1346,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia, dorsal views. 9, Brueelia clara n. sp. 10, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 11, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 12, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: lf = lateral fold; mf = median fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241676/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) but with broad, flattened anterior end in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236ECFF9931E60F9F1" box="[1272,1373,1606,1631]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236ECFF9931E60F9F1" box="[1272,1373,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236F59F9921B89F92D" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,204,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[246,1346,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia, dorsal views. 9, Brueelia clara n. sp. 10, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 11, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 12, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: lf = lateral fold; mf = median fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241676/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); male mesosome with
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236BF6F9BF1AE0F92D" box="[449,477,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">mf</emphasis>
extending farther posterior and being broadly triangular in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236E48F9B81FDEF92D" box="[1151,1251,1642,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236E48F9B81FDEF92D" box="[1151,1251,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but shorter and with small, rounded
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236BB5F95B1AA3F909" box="[386,414,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">mf</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236BF3F95B1951F909" box="[452,620,1678,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236BF3F95B1951F909" box="[452,620,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; male parameres constricted in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F92369EEF95B1FBCF909" box="[985,1153,1678,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F92369EEF95B1FBCF909" box="[985,1153,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not constricted in
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF83F9236FB3F95B1BE6F965" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236FB3F95B1BE6F965" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">B. tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF83F9246AF0F9021AF5FE03" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="516" pageId="10" pageNumber="513" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF83F9236AF0F9021AEBF80D" blockId="10.[151,1437,1282,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF83F9236AF0F9021A64F941" bold="true" box="[199,345,1750,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Description.</emphasis>
Head cone-shaped (
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236861F902198FF941" box="[598,690,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[317,1275,213,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[304,1293,196,1974]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Male heads, dorsal and ventral views. 19, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 20, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241679/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Frons flat. Lateral margins of preantennal head converging anteriorly, slightly convex, abruptly rounded anteriorly. Marginal carina broad. Head chaetotaxy as in
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF83F9236F75F92E1EA5F8BD" box="[1346,1432,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 20" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1992,2014]" captionTargetBox="[317,1275,213,1972]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[304,1293,196,1974]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 20. Male heads, dorsal and ventral views. 19, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 20, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241679/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="513">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
. Gular plate long, broad, triangular. Overall body pigmentation light, with moderately pigmentation on head carinae and nodi, mandibles, anterior margin of scape, pedicel, flagellomeres I–III, proepimera, metepisterna, and subgenital plates and sternal plates IV–VI of both sexes. Pigmentation of sternal plates lighter in female. Measurements as in Table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5DEADBFF82F9226AA0F8AF1FA9F842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241678/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="514" targetBox="[316,1258,192,1877]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF82F9226AA0F8AF1FA9F842" blockId="11.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226AA0F8AF1A6EF83F" bold="true" box="[151,339,1915,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">FIGURES 17–18.</emphasis>
Male heads, dorsal and ventral views.
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92268ECF8AF19C9F83F" bold="true" box="[731,756,1915,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">17</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF82F9226936F8AF18AEF83F" box="[769,915,1915,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226936F8AF18AEF83F" box="[769,915,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">Brueelia clara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92269AEF8AF18CCF83F" bold="true" box="[921,1009,1915,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265DB3AFF82F92269AEF8AF18EFF83F" box="[921,978,1915,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
18
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF82F92269C9F8AF1FAAF83F" box="[1022,1175,1915,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rigbyi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92269C9F8AF1FAAF83F" box="[1022,1175,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">Brueelia rigbyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265DB3AFF82F9226EAAF8AF1FEAF83F" box="[1181,1239,1915,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226EAAF8AF1FEAF83F" bold="true" box="[1181,1239,1915,1937]" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226F4EF8AF1EA1F83F" box="[1401,1436,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">ads</emphasis>
= anterior dorsal seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226B4AF84D1A84F801" box="[381,441,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">as1–2</emphasis>
= anterior setae 1–2;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92268ADF84D19DFF801" box="[666,738,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">avs1–3</emphasis>
= anterior ventral setae 1–3;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226E27F84D1F7EF801" box="[1040,1091,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">dsms</emphasis>
= dorsal submarginal seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226F6AF84D1EBBF801" box="[1373,1414,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">mds</emphasis>
= mandibular seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226B7EF86C1AB8F860" box="[329,389,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">mts1–</emphasis>
5 = marginal temporal setae 1–5;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92268D3F86D19C6F860" box="[740,763,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">os</emphasis>
= ocular seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92269A1F86D188AF860" box="[918,951,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">pcs</emphasis>
= preconal seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226E5BF86D1FB2F860" box="[1132,1167,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">pas</emphasis>
= preantennal seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226F55F86D1EB8F860" box="[1378,1413,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">pos</emphasis>
= preocular seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226B06F80C1A72F843" box="[305,335,2008,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">pts</emphasis>
= post-temporal seta;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F9226805F802195CF842" box="[562,609,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">s1–4</emphasis>
sensilla 1–4;
<emphasis id="B9566641FF82F92268DAF8021879F842" box="[749,836,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="514">vsms1–2</emphasis>
= ventral submarginal setae 1–2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5DEADBFF85F9256AA0F81C1E1CF870" box="[151,1313,1992,2014]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241679/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="515" targetBox="[317,1275,213,1972]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF85F9256AA0F81C1E1CF870" blockId="12.[151,1313,1992,2014]" box="[151,1313,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF85F9256AA0F81C1A69F870" bold="true" box="[151,340,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">FIGURES 19–20.</emphasis>
Male heads, dorsal and ventral views.
<emphasis id="B9566641FF85F92568EAF81C19CBF870" bold="true" box="[733,758,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">19</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF85F9256933F81C18A2F870" box="[772,927,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tkachi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF85F9256933F81C18A2F870" box="[772,927,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">Brueelia tkachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B9566641FF85F9256992F81C18C0F870" bold="true" box="[933,1021,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265DB3AFF85F9256992F81C18E3F870" box="[933,990,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
20
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF85F9256E3CF81C1FDFF870" box="[1035,1250,1992,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="515" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coryliventer" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF85F9256E3CF81C1FDFF870" box="[1035,1250,1992,2014]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">Brueelia coryliventer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A265DB3AFF85F9256EDEF81C1E1CF870" box="[1257,1313,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF85F9256EDEF81C1E26F870" bold="true" box="[1257,1307,1992,2014]" pageId="12" pageNumber="515">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF84F9246AF0FF431F15FEB3" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AF0FF431A36FF1E" bold="true" box="[199,267,151,176]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Male.</emphasis>
Thorax and abdomen as in
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF84F9246809FF4319BDFF01" box="[574,640,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[225,1360,214,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[207,1382,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. ex Creatophora cinerea. 7, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 8, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241675/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
; segment III with 1
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246968FF4D1845FF1E" box="[863,888,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">ps</emphasis>
; segment IV with 2
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246E6DFF4D1F88FF1E" box="[1114,1205,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">ps; psps</emphasis>
present on tergite V; segment XI with 4 setae. Male genitalia as in
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF84F924689CFF6819C2FF7A" box="[683,767,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 12" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[260,1330,204,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[246,1346,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 12. Male genitalia, dorsal views. 9, Brueelia clara n. sp. 10, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 11, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 12, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: lf = lateral fold; mf = median fold." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241676/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
. Basal plate roughly rectangular, anterior margin rounded. Mesosome with strongly sinuous distal thickening; both
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246927FF0B1822FF56" box="[784,799,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">lf</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246961FF34184FFF56" box="[854,882,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">mf</emphasis>
smaller in relation to parameres, and
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246F2EFF341E08FF56" box="[1305,1333,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">mf</emphasis>
reaching slightly more distally than
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246BF4FED01AEEFEB3" box="[451,467,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">lf</emphasis>
. Parameres constricted midway along lateral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF84F9246AF0FEF31AF5FE03" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AF0FEF31A18FEEE" bold="true" box="[199,293,295,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Female.</emphasis>
Thorax and abdomen as in
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF84F924686AFEF3199DFEEE" box="[605,672,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[225,1360,214,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[207,1382,196,1938]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 8. Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. ex Creatophora cinerea. 7, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views. 8, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241675/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F924689BFEFD19F8FEEE" box="[684,709,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">ps</emphasis>
present on segment III. Segments IV–VII each with 2
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246F1BFEFD1E78FEEE" box="[1324,1349,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">ps</emphasis>
. Crosspiece of subgenital plate with narrow connection to main plate as in
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF84F924699FFE9818C1FECB" box="[936,1020,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 16" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,242,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1410,224,1726]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 16. Female subgenital plates and vulval margins, ventral views. 13, Brueelia clara n. sp. 14, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 15, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 16, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: vms = vulval marginal setae; vos = vulval oblique setae; vss = vulval submarginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241677/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
. Vulval margin gently rounded (
<figureCitation id="1319A6D6FF84F9246F58FE981B88FE26" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 16" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[177,1389,242,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[163,1410,224,1726]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 16. Female subgenital plates and vulval margins, ventral views. 13, Brueelia clara n. sp. 14, Brueelia rigbyi n. sp. 15, Brueelia tkachi n. sp. 16, Brueelia coryliventer n. sp. Abbreviations: vms = vulval marginal setae; vos = vulval oblique setae; vss = vulval submarginal setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/241677/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
), with 4–5 slender
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246BA7FEA51A81FE26" box="[400,444,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">vms</emphasis>
on each side, and 4 thorn-like
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F924692BFEA51803FE26" box="[796,830,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">vss</emphasis>
on each side; 4 slender
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246E65FEA51F4AFE26" box="[1106,1143,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">vos</emphasis>
on each side; 1 distal
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246F41FEA51EA6FE26" box="[1398,1435,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">vos</emphasis>
median to
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246B3AFE411A12FE02" box="[269,303,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">vss</emphasis>
on each side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF84F9246AF0FE631F30FD62" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF84F9246AF0FE631F30FD62" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AF0FE631A72FE7E" bold="true" box="[199,335,439,464]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246B6DFE6319ACFE7E" authority="Lesson, 1847" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1847" box="[346,657,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Creatophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246B6DFE631AD7FE7E" box="[346,490,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Creatophora</emphasis>
Lesson, 1847
</taxonomicName>
, is a monotypic genus. Unlike
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246E34FE6D1E55FE7E" authority="Temminck, 1820" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1820" box="[1027,1384,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Lamprotornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246E34FE6D1FA1FE7E" box="[1027,1180,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Lamprotornis</emphasis>
Temminck, 1820
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246AA0FE091BEAFE5A" box="[151,215,477,500]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Spreo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AA0FE091BEAFE5A" box="[151,215,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Spreo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246AD2FE081A48FE5B" box="[229,373,476,501]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Creatophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AD2FE081A48FE5B" box="[229,373,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Creatophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not part of the “African” starling radiation, but belongs to the “Eurasian” radiation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB3C7A2FF84F9246F72FE081ABDFDB6" author="Lovette" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" refString="Lovette, I. J. &amp; Rubenstein, D. R. (2007) A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the starlings (Aves: Sturnidae) and mockingbirds (Aves: Mimidae): Congruent mtDNA and nuclear trees for a cosmopolitan avian radiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 1031 - 1056. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.03.017" type="journal article" year="2007">Lovette &amp; Rubenstein 2007</bibRefCitation>
). We examined louse material from the following starlings and mynahs belonging to the Eurasian radiation:
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246B42FDF01869FD92" authority="Wagler, 1827" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1827" box="[373,852,548,573]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Acridotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="fuscus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246B42FDF0199CFD92" box="[373,673,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Acridotheres fuscus fuscus</emphasis>
(Wagler, 1827)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246955FDF01FD7FD92" authority="Davison, 1892" authorityName="Davison" authorityYear="1892" box="[866,1258,548,573]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Acridotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246955FDF01F06FD92" box="[866,1083,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">A. fuscus torquatus</emphasis>
Davison, 1892
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246EC0FDF01A76FDCE" authority="Latham, 1790" authorityName="Latham" authorityYear="1790" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Acridotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ginginianus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246EC0FDF01EA1FD92" box="[1271,1436,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">A. ginginianus</emphasis>
(Latham, 1790)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246B6DFD9C194EFDCE" authority="Moore, 1858" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1858" box="[346,627,583,608]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Acridotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246B6DFD9C1AEFFDCE" box="[346,466,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">A. grandis</emphasis>
Moore, 1858
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F92468B5FD9C18C0FDCE" authority="Linnaeus, 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" box="[642,1021,583,608]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Acridotheres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tristis" subSpecies="tristis">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F92468B5FD9C1813FDCE" box="[642,814,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">A. tristis tristis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1766)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246E3AFD9C1FE5FDCE" box="[1037,1240,584,608]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Gracupica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="contra">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246E3AFD9C1FE5FDCE" box="[1037,1240,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Gracupica contra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246ED4FD9D1BE7FD2A" authority="Paykull, 1807" authorityName="Paykull" authorityYear="1807" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Gracupica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="contra">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246ED4FD9D1E11FDCE" box="[1251,1324,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">contra</emphasis>
(Paykull, 1807)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246ADDFDB9196DFD2B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[234,592,620,645]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Gracupica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246ADDFDB91A42FD2B" box="[234,383,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">G. nigricollis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246857FDB918F3FD2B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[608,974,620,645]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Pastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246857FDB919C3FD2A" box="[608,766,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Pastor roseus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F92469E9FDB91BEFFD06" authority="Jerdon 1862" authorityName="Jerdon" authorityYear="1862" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="malabarica" subSpecies="nemoricola">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F92469E9FDB91E7AFD2B" box="[990,1351,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Sturnia malabarica nemoricola</emphasis>
Jerdon 1862
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246AE9FD441930FD06" authority="Gmelin, 1788" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1788" box="[222,525,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AE9FD441A68FD06" box="[222,341,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">S. sinensis</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1788)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F924682CFD4418B0FD06" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[539,909,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Sturnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F924682CFD4419E9FD06" box="[539,724,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Sturnus vulgaris</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F92469FCFD5B1EA5FD06" authority="Gmelin, 1789" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1789" box="[971,1432,655,680]" class="Aves" family="Sturnidae" genus="Temenuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pagodarum">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F92469FCFD5B1FE3FD06" box="[971,1246,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Temenuchus pagodarum</emphasis>
(Gmelin, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
. None of these samples belong to the
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246804FD601953FD63" box="[563,622,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246804FD601953FD63" box="[563,622,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">clara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C22C1D0FF84F9246991FD601F3BFD63" box="[934,1030,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246991FD601F3BFD63" box="[934,1030,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Brueelia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF84F9246AF0FD031BC7FC96" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF84F9246AF0FD031BC7FC96" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AF0FD03192EFD5E" bold="true" box="[199,531,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">
Material examined.
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF84F9246BF3FD031933FD5E" box="[452,526,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Types</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF84F9246816FD0319B4FD5E" box="[545,649,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♂, Isiolo,
<collectingCountry id="F335FAC3FF84F9246922FD0C185CFD5E" box="[789,865,728,752]" name="Kenya" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FF9C9C93FF84F9246945FD0C18DAFD5E" box="[882,999,727,752]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" value="1956-01">Jan. 1956</date>
, R. Meinertzhagen, 20469 (
<collectionCode id="ED332296FF84F9246F0FFD0C1EACFD5E" box="[1336,1425,728,752]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">NHML</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF84F9246AA0FD281A34FCBA" box="[151,265,764,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 1♀, same data as
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF84F9246BE2FD28190AFCBA" box="[469,567,764,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED332296FF84F9246872FD2819A3FCBA" box="[581,670,764,788]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">NHML</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="9D2471DAFF84F9246887FD2819E9FCBA" box="[688,724,764,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
, 8♀, Awassa,
<collectingCountry id="F335FAC3FF84F9246944FD2818E8FCBA" box="[883,981,764,788]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FF9C9C93FF84F92469E8FD281F45FCBA" box="[991,1144,764,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" value="1960-11-17">17 Nov. 1960</date>
, S. Brelih, IM-3137–3145 (
<collectionCode id="ED332296FF84F9246AA8FCF41BD2FC96" box="[159,239,800,824]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4mab-159w" name="Slovenian Museum of Natural History (Prirodosloveni Muzej Slovenije)" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">PMSL</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C338E9D8FF84F9246AF0FC9019FEFC2E" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9DBA53FF84F9246AF0FC9019FEFC2E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246AF0FC901A73FCF3" bold="true" box="[199,334,836,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet derives from Latin “
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F924692AFC901852FCF3" box="[797,879,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">corylus</emphasis>
” = “hazel”, and “
<emphasis id="B9566641FF84F9246E0BFC911FA5FCF2" box="[1084,1176,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="516">ventrum</emphasis>
” = “ventral”, referring to the hazel-brown sternites of the
<typeStatus id="549904F1FF84F924682BFCB31943FC2E" box="[540,638,871,896]" pageId="13" pageNumber="516" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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