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<document id="7D5DF08C4F0FEA15C232FFC5CCD30C6D" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2018.57-52" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" ID-PMC="PMC6517783" ID-PubMed="31966292" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13316385" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1721917244715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Delgado-Blas, Víctor H. &amp; Carrera-Parra, Luis F." docDate="2018" docId="C1227E3B0E44FFA6D356D887FE66FE5F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.57.52.1-20.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 57 (52)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CB122E4603BA284FA287D3847868CAF6.4:ZoolStud.2016-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="CB122E4603BA284FA287D3847868CAF6" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2016-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paraprionospio treadwelli" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="3D1B06430E4AFFB4D022DD3AFF95FF89" masterDocTitle="New Phylogenetic Analysis of Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with Description of a New Species from the Gulf of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1723599596862" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="8D5FCAE26F71EBC2F0204B9BE96C64A8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="EDE46A37447A6ECB0D03A95EE0DAAEB2">
<mods:title id="C4DF58480697BBD4632BCA2EC8A032A5">New Phylogenetic Analysis of Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae), with Description of a New Species from the Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="74C22706F0C5F68822FCED901AE19EE7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="160B62B517B936D464CFE1A2A508E69F">
<mods:roleTerm id="9C234382B29023E577E4A1B5F3ADD622">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="20694975BC54D5048CEA5932EFD101B5">Delgado-Blas, Víctor H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8F83B5BD991B5EB35FD29D0518B13912">Universidad de Quintana Roo, División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77010, México. E-mail: blas @ uqroo. edu. mx</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9E4964B654961CAF81DE020224C1B87A" type="email">blas@uqroo.edu.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7CF4E43523437BB84A39D2ECDB91E65B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3853C1EC0AB1C03B407E8D1AA9B28AC1">
<mods:roleTerm id="1A3CF5FAF870095009FBF6E8C6D71418">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A373FDF71AAB99977F951763C5C4AB0F">Carrera-Parra, Luis F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EAC6B513008041ED979C12EB0CDB8D7D">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur. Depto. Sistemática y Ecología Acuática. Estructura y Función del Bentos. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, &amp; Universidad de Quintana Roo, División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, 77010, México. E-mail: blas @ uqroo. edu. mx</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4610360FE39BA40E3BFBF4AF053F66B4" type="email">blas@uqroo.edu.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="23661C307F9DE581FA82B942C5E8219F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="48F5E8941B087AC5464ABAFC32879461">
<mods:title id="FD80DDD11DB5F8138AFF0D3CB1A5A831">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E6B7C94EEBE1B96CD9328BD77709E285">
<mods:date id="103CF494BFF4E5075E850BF669CD9454">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F9A404B204D41E354899BCB68542E9DE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A407E6C6F1FEC249B56943C36C8C4D0D">2018-11-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="ED76AD120FCBE9E0A88E35922974C6AA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F3A923DD2DD12326BA6C93B614F7BB51">57</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="4896BDC2E8830C0B1B7717F76F75770B" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BCA91736967D2D79D314772D5D6698D6">52</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="63D8B9595924BAF3D6CC72FDD50395AA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="43D5F463178D2442B3CA85F9884B38A6">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="C921622E75E9F89504947B7DDDB3D854">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="235A667393D989A953CFEDAFE1BD60A7" type="DOI">10.6620/ZS.2018.57-52</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E7D23D6D972741F9E3628DD4127DEAD8" type="ISSN">1810-522X</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B49017A0BAB8152DB5608C7A9FD1388E" type="PMC">PMC6517783</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A001EC9284553F1FD0EB1E012E4C0E0A" type="PubMed">31966292</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F21A887269E47E922C21D4BF7C5C7D03" type="Zenodo-Dep">13316385</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0673FD02ED30C006D5240A1C05229BC6" type="ZooBank">242292F2-59EB-407D-BF73-D4D077565588</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C1227E3B0E44FFA6D356D887FE66FE5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12859545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12859545" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1227E3B0E44FFA6D356D887FE66FE5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C1227E3B0E44FFA6D356D887FE66FE5F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="01919CA60E44FFBAD356D887FA1FFA5F" box="[884,1418,1469,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD356D887FA1FFA5F" blockId="14.[884,1418,1469,1526]" box="[884,1418,1469,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="127C78410E44FFBAD356D887FA1FFA5F" bold="true" box="[884,1418,1469,1494]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E44FFBAD356D887FA1FFA5F" ID-CoL="8567N" authority="(Hartman, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[884,1418,1469,1494]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD356D887FA1FFA5F" bold="true" box="[884,1418,1469,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD356D887FB2FFA5F" bold="true" box="[884,1210,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paraprionospio treadwelli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E44FFBAD4EBD887FA14FA5F" author="Hartman O." box="[1225,1409,1469,1494]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="7 - 124" refId="ref15435" refString="Hartman O. 1951. The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico. Pub Inst Mar Sci 2: 7 - 124." type="journal article" year="1951">Hartman, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01919CA60E44FFBAD466D8E7FB2FFA7F" box="[1092,1210,1501,1526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD466D8E7FB2FFA7F" blockId="14.[884,1418,1469,1526]" box="[1092,1210,1501,1526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
(
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E44FFBAD469D8E7FB1AFA7F" box="[1099,1167,1501,1526]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A-I)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01919CA60E44FFBAD370DB22FB16F9F5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD370DB22FBB6F9CF" blockId="14.[850,1455,1559,1660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="699BE8030E44FFBAD370DB22FBB6F9CF" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="C82AE93C0E44FFBAD370DB22FB4DF9A5" author="Treadwell AL" box="[850,1240,1560,1580]" page="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1931">
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E44FFBAD370DB22FB4DF9A5" ID-CoL="4MGBT" authority="Treadwell 1931: 3 - 5" authorityName="Treadwell" authorityPageNumber="3 - 5" authorityYear="1931" box="[850,1240,1560,1580]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="plumosa">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD370DB22FB9AF9A5" box="[850,1039,1560,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prionospio plumosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E44FFBAD434DB22FB4DF9A5" author="Treadwell AL" box="[1046,1240,1560,1580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref15796" refString="Treadwell AL. 1931. Three new species of polychaetous annelids from Chesapeake Bay. Proc USNM 79: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1931">Treadwell 1931: 3-5</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 3.
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD53CDB22FAD7F9A5" box="[1310,1346,1560,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">non</emphasis>
Sars M. in Sars G.O. 1872.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD370DB77FB16F9F5" blockId="14.[850,1455,1559,1660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="699BE8030E44FFBAD370DB77FB16F9F5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitation id="C82AE93C0E44FFBAD370DB77FB6FF9E8" author="Hartman O." box="[850,1274,1613,1633]" page="85" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1951">
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E44FFBAD370DB77FB6FF9E8" ID-CoL="854DZ" authority="Hartman 1951: 84 - 85" authorityName="Hartman" authorityPageNumber="84 - 85" authorityYear="1951" box="[850,1274,1613,1633]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD370DB77FB8AF9E8" box="[850,1055,1613,1633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prionospio treadwelli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E44FFBAD405DB77FB6FF9E8" author="Hartman O." box="[1063,1274,1613,1633]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="7 - 124" refId="ref15435" refString="Hartman O. 1951. The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico. Pub Inst Mar Sci 2: 7 - 124." type="journal article" year="1951">Hartman 1951: 84-85</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(new name for
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E44FFBAD5B8DB77FBECF9F5" authority="Treadwell, 1931" authorityName="Treadwell" authorityYear="1931" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="plumosa">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD5B8DB77FC4DF9F5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. plumosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E44FFBAD3FCDB52FBECF9F5" author="Treadwell AL" box="[990,1145,1640,1660]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref15796" refString="Treadwell AL. 1931. Three new species of polychaetous annelids from Chesapeake Bay. Proc USNM 79: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1931">Treadwell, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="01919CA60E44FFA6D3ADDB99FE66FE5F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD3ADDB99FADAF955" blockId="14.[850,1451,1699,1948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD3ADDB99FBA4F935" box="[911,1073,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type material</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="F9E3C5700E44FFBAD461DB99FADAF955" location="Chesapeake Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E44FFBAD461DB99FB38F935" box="[1091,1197,1699,1724]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E44FFBAD494DB99FC34F954" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="plumosa">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD494DB99FA31F935" box="[1206,1444,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prionospio plumosa</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
19598, sta. 8881,
<location id="4C5499F60E44FFBAD45CDBF9FADEF955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C1227E3B0E44FFA6D356D887FE66FE5F:4C5499F60E44FFBAD45CDBF9FADEF955" box="[1150,1355,1731,1757]" name="Chesapeake Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Chesapeake Bay</location>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD3ADDBD9FB3EF8D5" blockId="14.[850,1451,1699,1948]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E44FFBAD3ADDBD9FBE8F975" box="[911,1149,1763,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Additional material</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E44FFBAD4B2DBD9FA84F975" box="[1168,1297,1763,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="topotype">Topotypes</typeStatus>
specimens,
<specimenCount id="5F8D04A40E44FFBAD370DA39FC65F895" box="[850,1008,1795,1820]" count="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
from the same station of
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E44FFBAD519DA39FA3DF895" box="[1339,1448,1795,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<specimenCount id="5F8D04A40E44FFBAD370DA19FC70F8B5" box="[850,997,1827,1852]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, sta. 8882, in bad condition (anterior fragment with 12 chaetigers).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBBD3ADDA59FD57FEDF" blockId="14.[850,1451,1699,1948]" lastBlockId="15.[136,737,253,822]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E44FFBAD417DA59FA9FF8F5" author="Treadwell AL" box="[1077,1290,1891,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref15796" refString="Treadwell AL. 1931. Three new species of polychaetous annelids from Chesapeake Bay. Proc USNM 79: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1931">Treadwell (1931)</bibRefCitation>
, the material was collected ranging through the lower middle bay from the mouth of the Patuxent River to the mouth of the Rapphannock River, in depths of from
<quantity id="8E7362C80E45FFBBD0AADC07FED0FEDF" box="[136,325,317,342]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.745" metricValueMax="4.758" metricValueMin="0.732" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="27.45" valueMax="47.58" valueMin="7.32">7.32 to 47.58 m</quantity>
,
<date id="3D35E9ED0E45FFBBD16DDC07FD2AFEDF" box="[335,703,317,343]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1920-08-22" valueMax="1920-10-19" valueMin="1920-08-22">August 22 to October 19, 1920</date>
.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="2A90D3230E44FFBAD4BEDAE7FA3EF866" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E44FFBAD4BEDAE7FA3EF866" blockId="14.[1180,1451,2013,2031]" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E45FFBBD0E7DC67FC65FEFF" blockId="15.[136,737,253,822]" lastBlockId="15.[813,1414,253,822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E45FFBBD0E7DC67FEFBFEFF" box="[197,366,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Redescription</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E45FFBBD1A2DC67FE78FEFF" box="[384,493,349,374]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
incomplete with 46 chaetigers,
<quantity id="8E7362C80E45FFBBD130DC47FEF1FE1F" box="[274,356,381,406]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E7362C80E45FFBBD18CDC47FD92FE1F" box="[430,519,381,406]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
wide. Median and posterior chaetigers in bad condition.
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E45FFBBD24DDCA7FD75FE3F" box="[623,736,413,438]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="topotype">Topotype</typeStatus>
specimens incomplete, with 38-62 chaetigers,
<quantity id="8E7362C80E45FFBBD0AADCE7FF60FE7F" box="[136,245,477,502]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="7.0">7-16 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="8E7362C80E45FFBBD166DCE7FE5AFE7F" box="[324,463,477,502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5-0.8 mm</quantity>
wide. Color in alcohol dark. Prostomium spindle-shaped, small, frontally rounded (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD12EDF27FEEDFDBF" box="[268,376,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
), with two small peaks on ventrolateral position (
<specimenCount id="5F8D04A40E45FFBBD18EDF07FDF1FDDF" box="[428,612,573,598]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
with four peaks), one on each side of prostomium (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD28DDF67FF38FD1F" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). The prostomium extends posteriorly as a low raised ridge until chaetiger 1 (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD1DCDFA7FDCBFD3F" box="[510,606,669,694]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Eyes not visible in
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E45FFBBD0DADF87FEF4FD5F" box="[248,353,701,726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, some specimens with two pairs of dark-brown eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Palps lost. Peristomium not fused with chaetiger 1; extending dorsally as a pair of lateral wings of moderate size, which partially enclose the prostomium, (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD3CADC27FBC0FEBE" box="[1000,1109,285,311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Posterior margins of peristomial wings without pigment spots neither marginal papilla.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E45FFBBD34BDC47FAA2FDBF" blockId="15.[813,1414,253,822]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Branchiae present on chaetigers 1-3, all with flabellate lamellae (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD404DCA7FB3AFE3E" box="[1062,1199,413,439]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
); because of the condition of
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E45FFBBD3ECDC87FBAAFE5F" box="[974,1087,445,470]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, the description is based on
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E45FFBBD377DCE7FC2BFE7F" box="[853,958,477,502]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="topotype">topotype</typeStatus>
specimens. First pair largest, joined basally by a small dorsal ridge, without processes along anterior edge neither slender filament.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E45FFA4D34BDF07FC96FE1F" blockId="15.[813,1414,253,822]" lastBlockId="16.[174,776,253,1974]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Notopodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetigers 1-3 elongate, triangular (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD52DDF67FAEDFDFE" box="[1295,1400,605,631]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); longest on chaetiger two; lamellae of chaetigers 4-7 subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD43FDFA7FB10FD3E" box="[1053,1157,669,695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
), gradually reduced on the following segments, becoming rounded (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E45FFBBD316DFE7FC1AFD7F" box="[820,911,733,758]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
) near to the end of the fragments. Dorsal crests on chaetigers 21-28 (in
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E45FFBBD4E4DFC7FAA6FC9F" box="[1222,1331,765,790]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
those chaetigers in bad conditions), accompanied by a semitransparent dorsal cuticle. On anterior chaetigers, ventral edge of notopodial lamellae does not touch the dorsal edge of neuropodial lamellae (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D100DC67FE15FEFE" box="[290,384,349,375]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Notopodial prechaetal lamellae short in branchial region, inconspicuous thereafter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1DF49FA50E45FFBBD0AADA77FC00F83C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" targetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E45FFBBD0AADA77FC00F83C" blockId="15.[136,1415,1869,1973]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E45FFBBD0AADA77FF53F8E8" bold="true" box="[136,198,1869,1889]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E45FFBBD0F0DA77FDF3F8E8" authority="(Hartman, 1951)" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[210,614,1869,1889]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E45FFBBD0F0DA77FE54F8E8" box="[210,449,1869,1889]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paraprionospio treadwelli</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E45FFBBD1EFDA77FDF5F8E8" author="Hartman O." box="[461,608,1869,1889]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="7 - 124" refId="ref15435" refString="Hartman O. 1951. The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico. Pub Inst Mar Sci 2: 7 - 124." type="journal article" year="1951">Hartman, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="2A90D3230E45FFBBD0AADAE7FE0DF866" box="[136,408,2013,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E45FFBBD0AADAE7FE0DF866" blockId="15.[136,408,2013,2031]" box="[136,408,2013,2031]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D0C8DCA7FDDAFD5F" blockId="16.[174,776,253,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae small, rounded through (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D1AEDC87FE7BFE5E" box="[396,494,445,471]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
), except on chaetigers 1-2, subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D18FDCE7FD83FE7E" box="[429,534,477,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
); becoming wider, rounded (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D100DCC7FEE8FD9E" box="[290,381,509,535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
) on chaetigers 3-10, decreasing progressively in size, thereafter becoming as a small rounded lobe (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D1C0DF07FDD9FDDF" box="[482,588,573,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Neuropodial prechaetal lamellae very small on anterior chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D115DF47FE06FD1E" box="[311,403,637,663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
), inconspicuous on median and posterior chaetigers. Interparapodial pouches and ventral crest on chaetiger 8 absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D0C8DFE7FD42FA7F" blockId="16.[174,776,253,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Capillary chaetae in anterior region thick, densely granulated (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D1EADFC7FD8EFC9F" box="[456,539,765,790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E-F); arranged in two rows, chaetae of first row shortest, with granulations on shaft; notochaetae unilimbated (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D097DE67FE9AFCFF" box="[181,271,861,886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
), and more granulated than neurochaetae; neurochaetae alimbates (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D229DE47FDE0FC1F" box="[523,629,893,918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
). Capillary chaetae of posterior region long, thin, without limbations neither granulations; neurochaetae shorter and thinner than notochaetae. Sabre chaetae from chaetiger 9, stout, heavily granulated, without limbation (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D23BD927FDECFBBE" box="[537,633,1053,1079]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
); with up to 2 per neuropodium. Neuropodial hooded hooks (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D097D967FE9AFBFF" box="[181,271,1117,1142]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
) from chaetiger 9, with up to 10 hooks per neuropodium, accompanied with small and thin capillary chaetae; hooded hooks with 2-3 pairs of small accessory teeth above main tooth (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D2BFD987FD6EFB5F" box="[669,763,1213,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
). Notopodia hooded hooks (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D1D1D9E7FDD6FB7F" box="[499,579,1245,1270]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
) from chaetiger 45 (
<typeStatus id="9630718F0E5AFFA4D0FDD9C7FEC8FA9F" box="[223,349,1277,1302]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="topotype">topotypes</typeStatus>
specimens 41-45), accompanied with long capillary chaetae, without granulations and alimbated; hooded hooks with 2 pairs of small accessory teeth above main fang (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D2F6D867FF5DFA1F" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
). All hooks with main hood striated (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D2BCD847FD7CFA1F" box="[670,745,1405,1430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,170,1869,1889]" captionTargetBox="[136,1405,880,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-363@15.[136,1413,880,1845]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Paraprionospio treadwelli (Hartman, 1951). Holotype USNM 19598 (C), Topotype (A-B, D-I). (A) anterior region, dorsal view; (B) prostomium, lateral view; (C) anterior region, lateral view; (D) middle region, lateral view; (E) capillary notochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (F) capillary neurochaeta, anterior chaetiger; (G) sabre chaeta, chaetiger 10; (H) neuropodial hooded hook, chaetiger 11; (I) notopodial hooded hook, chaetiger 46. Scale bars: A, C, D = 500 µm; B = 90 µm; E-I =0.5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
H- I), neuropodial hooks with main hood bigger than notopodial hooks, covering more than half of the hooks shaft; all hooks without secondary hood.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D0C8D8C7FE47F99F" blockId="16.[174,776,253,1974]" box="[234,466,1533,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pygidium unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D0C8DB27FECCF9DF" blockId="16.[174,776,253,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D0C8DB27FEE7F9BF" box="[234,370,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
: Chesapeake Bay,
<collectingCountry id="319C8FBD0E5AFFA4D247DB27FD34F9BE" box="[613,673,1565,1591]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
. From
<quantity id="8E7362C80E5AFFA4D2DADB27FE92F9DF" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="27.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 48 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D0C8DB67FA3CFDFF" blockId="16.[174,776,253,1974]" lastBlockId="16.[850,1452,253,630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D0C8DB67FEF0F9FF" box="[234,357,1629,1654]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E5AFFA4D15CDB67FDFAF9FF" author="Treadwell AL" box="[382,623,1629,1654]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref15796" refString="Treadwell AL. 1931. Three new species of polychaetous annelids from Chesapeake Bay. Proc USNM 79: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1931">Treadwell (1931)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D08CDB47FE0CF91F" box="[174,409,1661,1686]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="plumosa">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D08CDB47FE0CF91F" box="[174,409,1661,1686]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prionospio plumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens collected from the Chesapeake Bay.
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E5AFFA4D1D0DBA7FD3BF93F" author="Hartman O." box="[498,686,1693,1718]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="7 - 124" refId="ref15435" refString="Hartman O. 1951. The littoral marine annelids of the Gulf of Mexico. Pub Inst Mar Sci 2: 7 - 124." type="journal article" year="1951">Hartman (1951)</bibRefCitation>
gave a new name for this species as
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D232DB87FC92F95F" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1951" box="[528,775,1725,1750]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D232DB87FC92F95F" box="[528,775,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prionospio treadwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because the specific name was preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D08CDBC7FD9EF89E" authority="M. Sars" authorityName="M. Sars" box="[174,523,1789,1815]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="plumosa">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D08CDBC7FE35F89F" box="[174,416,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prionospio plumosa</emphasis>
M. Sars
</taxonomicName>
in G.O.
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E5AFFA4D25BDBC7FC96F89F" author="Sars GO" box="[633,771,1789,1815]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="406 - 417" refId="ref15704" refString="Sars GO. 1872. Diagnoser af nye Annelider fra Christianafjorden, efter M. Sars efterladte Manuskripten. Forhandlinger i Videnskabsselskabet i Kristiania 1871: 406 - 417." type="journal article" year="1872">Sars, 1872</bibRefCitation>
. However, she described the species based on specimens collected from
<collectingRegion id="8B4F01CF0E5AFFA4D237DA07FD0EF8DF" box="[533,667,1853,1878]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
, Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="8B4F01CF0E5AFFA4D08CDA67FE98F8FF" box="[174,269,1885,1910]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mexico</collectingRegion>
, and stated the presence of four pairs of branchiae on those specimens. As we noted above and previously other authors (
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E5AFFA4D249DAA7FC96F83F" author="Foster NM" box="[619,771,1949,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 183" refId="ref15388" refString="Foster NM. 1971. Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Stud Fauna Cur 36: 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Foster 1971</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E5AFFA4D370DDC7FBB2FE9F" author="Yokoyama H." box="[850,1063,253,278]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="253 - 284" refId="ref15873" refString="Yokoyama H. 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zool J Linn Soc 151: 253 - 284. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00323. x." type="journal article" year="2007">Yokoyama 2007</bibRefCitation>
) the species only have three pairs of branchiae. Because of the presence of four pairs of branchiae on Hartman’s specimens, these specimens correspond to a different species of
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D35ADC47FB92FE1F" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[888,1031,381,406]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D35ADC47FB92FE1F" box="[888,1031,381,406]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prionospio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="2D1AB2DC0E5AFFA4D43CDC47FA9FFE1F" author="Yokoyama H." box="[1054,1290,381,406]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="253 - 284" refId="ref15873" refString="Yokoyama H. 2007. A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Zool J Linn Soc 151: 253 - 284. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2007.00323. x." type="journal article" year="2007">Yokoyama (2007)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D370DCA7FBEBFE3F" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[850,1150,413,438]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D370DCA7FBEBFE3F" box="[850,1150,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraprionospio treadwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
similar to
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D4DADCA7FC19FE5F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D4DADCA7FC19FE5F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraprionospio alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that both have three pairs of branchiae and a membranous dorsal crest on chaetigers 21-28. Due to these similarities, he suggested that both species are conspecific. However,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D533DF27FA3FFDBF" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1297,1450,541,566]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D533DF27FA3FFDBF" box="[1297,1450,541,566]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. treadwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D3FCDF07FBA0FDDF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[990,1077,573,598]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D3FCDF07FBA0FDDF" box="[990,1077,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in many features, as was noted above in the remark section of
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D49DDF67FA83FDFF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[1215,1302,605,630]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D49DDF67FA83FDFF" box="[1215,1302,605,630]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and table 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D370DFA7FBFCFD3F" blockId="16.[850,1129,669,694]" box="[850,1129,669,694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D370DFA7FBFCFD3F" bold="true" box="[850,1129,669,694]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Phylogenetic analysis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D3ADDFE7FCE4FCFF" blockId="16.[850,1454,733,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The Branch-Bound search yielded one most parsimonious tree of 191 steps, with a consistency index (CI) of 0.45, excluding uninformative characters, and a retention index (RI) of 0.54 (
<figureCitation id="D1B0D3A80E5AFFA4D55FDE07FCF1FCFF" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[136,170,1924,1944]" captionTargetBox="[167,1396,593,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-6@17.[136,1413,583,1901]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Most parsimonious tree. Numbers in plain text are the characters and the superscript number is the character state occurring at the internode; filled rectangles represent no homoplasy, blank rectangles represent homoplasy, double lines represent reversal. © 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D3ADDE46FADEFABF" blockId="16.[850,1454,733,1974]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Our result shows
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D49BDE47FA39FC1F" baseAuthorityName="Caullery" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1209,1452,893,918]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D49BDE47FA39FC1F" box="[1209,1452,893,918]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
characterized by a prostomium spindle-shaped, Peristomial wings conspicuous; notochaetae and neurochaetae of first segment absent; Postsetal lamellae of first segment well developed; Notopodial lamellae of middle segments triangular; with three pairs of branchiae (excepting
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D5B1D907FC61FBFF" authorityName="Delgado-Blas &amp; Carrera-Parra" authorityYear="2018" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dibranchiata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D5B1D907FC61FBFF" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. dibranchiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60CCAE440E5AFFA4D423D967FBE5FBFF" box="[1025,1136,1117,1142]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
); Pinnules branchial on segment 2 flabellated; Ridge between branchial bases on segment 2; with dorsum with transverse series of slightly raised ridges; Caruncle reach segment 1; peristomial wings present; peristomium and segment 1 completely fused. All characters, except the last three, are non-homoplastic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA5D3ADD807FF67FEFF" blockId="16.[850,1454,733,1974]" lastBlockId="17.[136,737,253,534]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
In the analysis, the basal species is
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D5B6D807FC77FAFF" authorityName="Delgado-Blas &amp; Carrera-Parra" authorityYear="2018" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dibranchiata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D5B6D807FC77FAFF" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. dibranchiata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="60CCAE440E5AFFA4D3C8D867FBDCFAFF" box="[1002,1097,1373,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which is mainly characterized by having two pairs of branchiae, the first pair with unifoliated branchial pinnules, and notopodial lamellae of middle segments subtriangular; all these characters are autapomorphies. The following species is
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D460D8C7FB2DF99F" authorityName="Ehlers" authorityYear="1901" box="[1090,1208,1533,1558]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D460D8C7FB2DF99F" box="[1090,1208,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
followed by a major clade including all other
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D4A6DB27FAA9F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Caullery" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1156,1340,1565,1590]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D4A6DB27FAA9F9BF" box="[1156,1340,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The major clade is characterized by having dorsal crest posterior to segment 21, and with up to 3 pairs of secondary teeth in notopodial hooks. This clade is subdivided into another two subclades; the first one, identified by two homoplastic characters (triangular neuropodial lamellae on segment 3, and neuropodial capillaries on segment 10 limbate) include the species
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D461DA27FB57F8BF" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1918" box="[1091,1218,1821,1846]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D461DA27FB57F8BF" box="[1091,1218,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D4F1DA27FA31F8BF" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1235,1444,1821,1846]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lamellibranchia">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D4F1DA27FA31F8BF" box="[1235,1444,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. lamellibranchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D370DA07FC5FF8DF" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" box="[850,970,1853,1878]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D370DA07FC5FF8DF" box="[850,970,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. patiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D3F9DA07FBA3F8DF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[987,1078,1853,1878]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D3F9DA07FBA3F8DF" box="[987,1078,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D455DA07FB4AF8DF" authorityName="Delgado-Blas" authorityYear="2004" box="[1143,1247,1853,1878]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tamaii">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D455DA07FB4AF8DF" box="[1143,1247,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. tamaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this group of species,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D3E5DA67FBC5F8FF" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1918" box="[967,1104,1885,1910]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D3E5DA67FBC5F8FF" box="[967,1104,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D446DA67FAD3F8FF" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1124,1350,1885,1910]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lamellibranchia">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D446DA67FAD3F8FF" box="[1124,1350,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. lamellibranchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D5B7DA67FC3DF81F" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D5B7DA67FC3DF81F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. patiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constitute a clade with
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D4E4DA47FAD6F81F" authorityName="Augener" authorityYear="1918" box="[1222,1347,1917,1942]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D4E4DA47FAD6F81F" box="[1222,1347,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. africana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
basal to the sister species
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D405DAA7FB60F83F" authorityName="Hartman" authorityYear="1974" box="[1063,1269,1949,1974]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lamellibranchia">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D405DAA7FB60F83F" box="[1063,1269,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. lamellibranchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5AFFA4D513DAA7FA31F83F" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" box="[1329,1444,1949,1974]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="patiens">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5AFFA4D513DAA7FA31F83F" box="[1329,1444,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. patiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; while,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D0FEDDC7FEAAFE9F" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[220,319,253,278]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D0FEDDC7FF7BFE9F" box="[220,238,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D120DDC7FEAAFE9F" box="[258,319,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D1A7DDC7FE67FE9F" authorityName="Delgado-Blas" authorityYear="2004" box="[389,498,253,278]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tamaii">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D1A7DDC7FE67FE9F" box="[389,498,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. tamaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constitute a clade characterized by having one non-homoplastic character, the notopodial lamellae segment 5 reniform.
</paragraph>
<footnote id="2A90D3230E5AFFA4D4BEDAE7FA3EF866" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5AFFA4D4BEDAE7FA3EF866" blockId="16.[1180,1451,2013,2031]" box="[1180,1451,2013,2031]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5BFFA6D0E7DC47FE18FE9F" blockId="17.[136,737,253,534]" lastBlockId="18.[174,775,253,470]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The second subclade is characterized by one non-homoplastic character (triangular notopodial lamellae of segment 3), and three homoplastic characters (triangular notopodial lamellae of s e g m e n t 2 a n d 4, s u b t r i a n g u l a r n o t o p o d i a l lamellae of segment 5). This subclade is divided in another two clades, the first one including the species
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D3B2DC07FB8AFEDF" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[912,1055,317,342]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D3B2DC07FB8AFEDF" box="[912,1055,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. treadwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as basal species of the sister species
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D3B7DC67FC6EFEFF" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1990" box="[917,1019,349,374]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="coora">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D3B7DC67FC6EFEFF" box="[917,1019,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. coora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D41FDC67FB74FEFF" authorityName="Delgado-Blas" authorityYear="2004" box="[1085,1249,349,374]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yokoyamai">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D41FDC67FB74FEFF" box="[1085,1249,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. yokoyamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The second one, identified by two homoplastic characters (lanceolate neuropodial lamellae of segment 3 and filament of segment 4 present) includes
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D30FDCE7FC39FE7F" authorityName="Zhou, Yokoyama and Li" authorityYear="2008" box="[813,940,477,502]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cristata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D30FDCE7FC39FE7F" box="[813,940,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. cristata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the basal species followed by
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D54DDCE7FC7AFD9F" baseAuthorityName="Caullery" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inaequibranchia">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D54DDCE7FC7AFD9F" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. inaequibranchia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister species of
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E5BFFA5D4D4DCC7FA13FD9F" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" box="[1270,1414,509,534]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D4D4DCC7FA13FD9F" box="[1270,1414,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. cordifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E58FFA6D0C0DDC7FE13FE9F" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="2007" box="[226,390,253,278]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="oceanensis">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E58FFA6D0C0DDC7FE13FE9F" box="[226,390,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. oceanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1DF49FA50E5BFFA5D0AADABEFE0DF866" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13316399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13316399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13316399/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[136,170,1924,1944]" targetBox="[167,1396,593,1889]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5BFFA5D0AADABEFAADF83D" blockId="17.[136,1414,1924,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E5BFFA5D0AADABEFF53F811" bold="true" box="[136,198,1924,1944]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Most parsimonious tree. Numbers in plain text are the characters and the superscript number is the character state occurring at the internode; filled rectangles represent no homoplasy, blank rectangles represent homoplasy, double lines represent reversal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E5BFFA5D0AADAE7FE0DF866" blockId="17.[136,1414,1924,2031]" box="[136,408,2013,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">© 2018 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4934CF2D0E58FFA6D0C8DC27FE66FE5F" blockId="18.[174,775,253,470]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The result of this analysis confirms our idea that
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E58FFA6D0C9DC07FE1FFEDF" baseAuthorityName="Hartman" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[235,394,317,342]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="treadwelli">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E58FFA6D0C9DC07FE1FFEDF" box="[235,394,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. treadwelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E58FFA6D182DC07FD87FEDF" authorityName="Delgado-Blas" authorityYear="2004" box="[416,530,317,342]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tamaii">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E58FFA6D182DC07FD87FEDF" box="[416,530,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. tamaii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E58FFA6D27BDC07FC92FEDF" authorityName="Delgado-Blas" authorityYear="2004" box="[601,775,317,342]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yokoyamai">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E58FFA6D27BDC07FC92FEDF" box="[601,775,317,342]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. yokoyamai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not synonymies of
<taxonomicName id="8E8BB4AE0E58FFA6D1C4DC67FDDFFEFF" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[486,586,349,374]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="alata">
<emphasis id="7BFF133F0E58FFA6D1C4DC67FDDFFEFF" box="[486,586,349,374]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. alata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as Yokoyama suggested (2007). We found that the shape of noto- and neurolamellae are very useful features for recognizing the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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