311 lines
60 KiB
XML
311 lines
60 KiB
XML
<document id="74B77DAB273222F14CC44FCB55728471" ID-CLB-Dataset="45251" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280378" ID-GBIF-Dataset="444d5efc-f414-49ad-9ec6-5c2b1b250b5e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280378" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460454021622" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Yun, Bocak, Ladislav & Pang, Hong" docDate="2012" docId="03FD486FFFFE5452FF3CD472FA6B244B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03232p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3232" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Macrolycus Waterhouse 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFC43017FFFF5456FFABD330FFF1234F" masterDocTitle="New species of Macrolycus Waterhouse, 1878 from China and Laos, with a checklist of the genus (Coleoptera: Lycidae)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="44" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698338487104" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6C42DBB8B61730117299F40184288439">New species of Macrolycus Waterhouse, 1878 from China and Laos, with a checklist of the genus (Coleoptera: Lycidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC67E4EBB311A3963BAC0DC3C9442DDD">Li, Yun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75C106A73E7EC573967FF0C303D303F8">Bocak, Ladislav</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FFCE8D42AE7DB72DA05F89E1CAB4FAD3">Pang, Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="82B3CB6669B1E619E1A150E89D4ED11A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="38328B61C4F00FA045D2B347BAD18979">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="16995F60172AADF718A65106E820FA9D">3232</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7497B84847D0AE0A85CD5C14BFC16120" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280378</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FD486FFFFE5452FF3CD472FA6B244B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6172163" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119575303" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6172163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FD486FFFFE5452FF3CD472FA6B244B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD486FFFFE5452FF3CD472FA6B244B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C34EAAF2FFFE5457FF3CD472FDFA2413" box="[151,523,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFE5457FF3CD472FDFA2413" blockId="1.[151,523,1858,1884]" box="[151,523,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0A34E15FFFE5457FF3CD472FDFA2413" bold="true" box="[151,523,1858,1884]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFE5457FF3CD472FDFA2413" authority="Waterhouse, 1878" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,523,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFE5457FF3CD472FDFA2413" bold="true" box="[151,523,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFE5457FF3CD472FED42413" bold="true" box="[151,293,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Macrolycus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFE5457FE87D472FDFA2413" author="Waterhouse" box="[300,523,1858,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1878) On the different forms occurring in the Coleopterous family Lycidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Entomological Society London, 1878, 95 - 118." type="journal article" year="1878">Waterhouse, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34EAAF2FFFE5457FF3CD4B8FE0624D1" box="[151,503,1928,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFE5457FF3CD4B8FE0624D1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1928,2011]" box="[151,503,1928,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB44DE57FFFE5457FF3CD4B8FE0624D1" box="[151,503,1928,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFE5457FF3CD4B8FE0224D1" authority="Waterhouse, 1878: 96" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityPageNumber="96" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,499,1928,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFE5457FF3CD4B8FEFF24D1" box="[151,270,1928,1950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Macrolycus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF5DF68FFFE5457FEBFD4B8FE0224D1" author="Waterhouse" box="[276,499,1928,1950]" page="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFE5457FEBFD4B8FE3F24D1" author="Waterhouse" box="[276,462,1928,1950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1878) On the different forms occurring in the Coleopterous family Lycidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Entomological Society London, 1878, 95 - 118." type="journal article" year="1878">Waterhouse, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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: 96
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34EAAF2FFFE5452FF6CD498FB5920A3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFE5457FF6CD498FE312494" blockId="1.[151,1436,1928,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="54EF47DBFFFE5457FF6CD498FF0824F2" box="[199,249,1960,1981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFE5457FEF9D497FD1A24F3" authority="Waterhouse, 1878" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1878" box="[338,747,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowringi">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFE5457FEF9D497FDDD24F2" box="[338,556,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Macrolycus bowringi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFE5457FD9FD497FD1A24F3" author="Waterhouse" box="[564,747,1959,1981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1878) On the different forms occurring in the Coleopterous family Lycidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Entomological Society London, 1878, 95 - 118." type="journal article" year="1878">Waterhouse, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFE5457FCA1D497FB5A24F3" authority="Waterhouse, 1878" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1878" box="[778,1195,1959,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccineus">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFE5457FCA1D497FC1D24F2" box="[778,1004,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Macrolycus coccineus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFE5457FC58D497FB5A24F3" author="Waterhouse" box="[1011,1195,1959,1981]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" refString="Waterhouse, C. O. (1878) On the different forms occurring in the Coleopterous family Lycidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Entomological Society London, 1878, 95 - 118." type="journal article" year="1878">Waterhouse, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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nom. nud.; monotypic, by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFD5454FF3CD3A9FD6F23E1" blockId="2.[151,965,152,205]" box="[151,670,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFD5454FF3CD3A9FF0323E1" box="[151,242,153,174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cerceros</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFD5454FF53D3A9FE8E23E2" author="Kraatz" box="[248,383,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Kraatz, G. (1879) Neue Kafer vom Amur. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 23, 121 - 144." type="journal article" year="1879">Kraatz, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 126;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFD5454FE10D3A8FD9723E2" author="Bourgeois" box="[443,614,152,174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Bourgeois, J. (1882) Decription d'ume nouvelle espece de Lycides. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1881, cxliv - cxlv." type="journal volume" year="1882">Bourgeois, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: xlvi.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFD5454FF6CD387FC342383" blockId="2.[151,965,152,205]" box="[199,965,182,205]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<typeStatus id="54EF47DBFFFD5454FF6CD387FF092383" box="[199,248,183,204]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFD5454FEE4D387FDC52382" box="[335,564,183,205]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cerceros pectinicornis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFD5454FD90D387FD4F2383" author="Kraatz" box="[571,702,183,204]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Kraatz, G. (1879) Neue Kafer vom Amur. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 23, 121 - 144." type="journal article" year="1879">Kraatz, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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(by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFD5454FF3CD3C3FC5E2455" blockId="2.[151,1436,243,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B920256BFFFD5454FF3CD3C3FE502243" bold="true" box="[151,417,243,268]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Diagnostic description.</emphasis>
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Body small to medium sized, parallel-sided to slightly widened posteriorly, dorsoventrally flattened. All species brightly coloured, pronotum and elytra uniformly dark red to orange yellow, or pronotum black and elytra red. Vestiture sparse to dense, short, decumbent or suberect. Head small, transverse, partially concealed by pronotum, hypognathous without rostrum (
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FD40D26FFCC02238" box="[747,817,351,375]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Vertex flat, with coronal suture reaching to the posterior edge of cranium.
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<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFD5454FE20D2B4FE3222D3" box="[395,451,388,412]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Hind</collectingCountry>
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margin of ventral closure strongly concave, with paired cervical sclerites attached (
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FAC5D2B4FF5922F0" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Tentorium with two slender sclerotized ventral arms arising from posterior tentorial pits. Antennal tubercles flat to prominent. Subantennal suture complete. Antennal cavities heart-shaped, moderately approximate, with small process at the anterior-lateral margin. Antennae with eleven densely pubescent antennomeres, acutely serrate to flabellate in males (
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FECAD124FE582163" box="[353,425,532,556]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), shortly serrate in females (
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FD51D124FCB32163" box="[762,834,532,556]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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), reaching to half or two-thirds elytral length when inclined. Scapus robust, pear shaped; pedicel small, transverse, with two minute acute thorns; antennomeres 3–10 triangular or lamellate. Lamellae of male antennae from antennomere 3 or 4 to 7 prolonged gradually, following antennomeres subequal in length, antennomere 11 simple, slender (
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FC28D1B2FC3621D5" box="[899,967,642,666]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). Mouth opening broad, situated ventrally (
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FF34D197FF1521F0" box="[159,228,679,703]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). Eyes small, hemispherically prominent, with fine facets, eye diameter as long as half of frontal interocular distance. Anterior margin of clypeus almost straight, fronto-clypeal suture absent. Labrum transverse, with long setae at anterior margin; hypopharynx reflexed laterally, with hypopharyngeal sclerite rigidly attached to labrum (
|
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<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FF34D022FF142065" box="[159,229,786,810]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibles elongate, slender, moderately to strongly curved, inner margin simple, with one dent or ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FF34D007FF162000" box="[159,231,823,847]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillae with long setose galea; maxillary palpi 4-segmented, palpomeres 1–3 cylindrical, moderately widened at apex, apical palpomere slightly or much wider than long, flattened, securiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FB10D06AFAF3203D" box="[1211,1282,858,882]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prementum peach-like, mentum transverse; labial palpi 3-segmented, palpomeres 1–2 cylindrical, much shorter and narrower than apical one, palpomere 3 flattened, securiform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FD59D092FCCB20F5" box="[754,826,930,954]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum transverse, elevated laterally, with sharp median longitudinal carina in frontal third to half of midline, hind part of median carina absent or inconspicuous, sometimes carina becoming weak longitudinal depression posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FC11D0DAFBFF274D" box="[954,1038,1002,1026]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), more or less apparent vestiges of lateral carinae at lateral margins, lateral carinae always short, never reaching midline. Anterior margin almost straight or projecting forward; hind edge bisinuate; lateral edges parallel-sided, widened posteriorly or curved. Anterior angles obtuse or acute, posterior angles acutely prominent. Prosternum transverse, narrow, prosternal process Y-shaped, with procoxal cavity broadly opened posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FC22D74AFC2F27DD" box="[905,990,1146,1170]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutellum parallel-sided or narrower posteriorly, straight or emarginate at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FD28D7AFFD3827F8" box="[643,713,1183,1207]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elytra flat, densely pubescent, subparallel, seldom apparently widened backwards; each elytron with four longitudinal costae, costa 3 sometimes inconspicuous; costal interspaces irregularly punctured, without regular transverse costae; sometimes with irregular cells formed by fine, often interrupted costae.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFD5454FE1AD63AFE18266D" box="[433,489,1290,1314]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wings well-developed, wing venations uniform, wedge cell absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FB59D63AFAB7266D" box="[1266,1350,1290,1314]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior margin of mesoventrite concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FDF1D61FFD452608" box="[602,692,1327,1351]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesocoxal cavities well-separated, laterally closed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FA9FD61FFA7C2608" box="[1332,1421,1327,1351]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); metaventrite broad, with median discrimen reaching to two thirds of posterior part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FBEED662FB692625" box="[1093,1176,1362,1386]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
); metendosternite leaflike, with longitudinal and transverse suture, lateral arms minute to short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FC79D647FBD726C0" box="[978,1062,1399,1423]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs slender, compressed, flexible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FF79D6AAFEA926FD" box="[210,344,1434,1458]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Procoxae and mesocoxae globular, metacoxae transverse, apex of coxa with tuft of thorn-like setae. Femora slender, tibia slightly curved, gradually widened distad, with pair of calcars. Tarsi pentamerous; tarsomeres 1–4 with membranous euplantulae; claws slender, bifid at apex. Abdomen flat, slightly sclerotized, with 8 (male) or 7 (female) visible sternites loosely connected by membranes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FC63D537FBEC2550" box="[968,1053,1543,1567]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
); completely covered by elytra in male, but in some females with exposed terminal abdominal segments. Abdominal spiracles from abdominal segment 2 located on sternites. Male terminal abdominal segments as figured (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FC75D57FFBAE2528" box="[990,1119,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Figs 18, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe of male genitalia long, slender, nearly straight or curved basally, often with lateral rib and variously modified apex. Subapical part sometimes inflated, with more or less broad ventral opening. Paramerae absent in most species, if present, robust, shell-like or slender apically. Phallobase simple, uniformly hooded, with median longitudinal carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FAC1D58AFF1025B8" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 54" captionStartId="8.[151,258,1689,1710]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,194,1655]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[152,1434,194,1668]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 54. Male genitalia of holotype: 31. Macrolycus extrusus sp. nov., lateral view, 32. same, ventral view; 33. M. ligulatus sp. nov., lateral view, 34. same, apex of median lobe; 35. M. luteus sp. nov., lateral view, 36. same, ventral view; 37. M. mucronatus sp. nov., lateral view, 38. same, ventral view; 39. M. muyuensis sp. nov., lateral view, 40. same, ventral view; 41. M. quadrifidus sp. nov., lateral view, 42. same, apical part of median lobe; 43. M. rubineus sp. nov., lateral view, 44. same, ventral view; 45. M. venustus sp. nov., lateral view, 46. same, ventral view. The male antennomeres of holotype: 47. Macrolycus extrusus sp. nov.; 48. M. ligulatus sp. nov.; 49. M. luteus sp. nov.; 50. M. mucronatus sp. nov.; 51. M. muyuensis sp. nov.; 52. M. quadrifidus sp. nov.; 53. M. rubineus sp. nov.; 54. M. venustus sp. nov. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280382/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Figs 31–46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female terminal tergite simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FDF3D5EFFD5D25B8" box="[600,684,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), sternite 8 with short spiculum ventrale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FBD7D5EFFB2125B8" box="[1148,1232,1759,1783]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female genitalia wide, with short rounded styli, coxites short, valvifer slender (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFD5454FCE5D432FC522455" box="[846,931,1794,1818]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 22" captionStartId="3.[151,258,1777,1798]" captionTargetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,319,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 22. Macrolycus bowringi Waterhouse, 1878 2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFD5454FF64D41DFA7524C2" blockId="2.[151,1436,243,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFD5454FF64D41DFE5C240A" box="[207,429,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
The sexual dimorphism is limited to the relative body size and the shape of pronotum and antennae. Generally, in a series of specimens representing the same species, the largest specimens are females, and the smallest ones are males. One exception is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFD5454FD32D447FCCF24C1" box="[665,830,1911,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atronotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFD5454FD32D447FCCF24C1" box="[665,830,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">M. atronotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the female bears much shorter elytra than
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFD5455FF3CD4AAFE3023B0" blockId="2.[151,1436,243,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1427,158,255]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
|
||
male. The female pronotum is relatively broader, sometimes with more obtuse anterior angles and rounded anterior margin. The male antennae are always at least shortly flabellate with more or less prolonged lamellae from the antennomere 3 or 4, and the female antennae are serrate. This difference becomes less conspicuous in some largebodied species as
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFC5455FECBD3F3FDDB2395" box="[352,554,195,218]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
|
||
e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFC5455FE3BD3F3FDDB2395" box="[400,554,195,218]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jeanvoinei">M. jeanvoinei</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, since their males have quite short lamellae on antennomeres 3–10, which are almost triangular in shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2BA9F1FFFC5455FF3CD5C1FD312433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[182,1397,341,1776]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFC5455FF3CD5C1FD312433" blockId="3.[151,1437,1777,1916]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFC5455FF3CD5C1FECF2449" bold="true" box="[151,318,1777,1798]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 2–22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFC5455FEE8D5C2FD332449" authority="Waterhouse, 1878" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1878" box="[323,706,1777,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFC5455FEE8D5C2FDFE2448" box="[323,527,1778,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Macrolycus bowringi</emphasis>
|
||
Waterhouse, 1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2. Head (ventrally); 3. Labrum and hypopharynx (dorsally); 4. Mandible; 5. Maxilla; 6. Male antenna; 7. Female antenna; 8. Mesonotum; 9. Labium; 10. Prothorax (dorsally); 11. Prothorax (ventrally); 12. Metanotum; 13. Meso- and metathorax (ventrally); 14. Metendosternite; 15: Prothoracic leg; 16. Metathoracic leg; 17. Wing; 18. Male abdominal segments (ventrally); 19. Male terminal abdominal segments (dorsally); 20. Female abdominal sternite 8; 21. Female abdominal tergite 8; 22. Female genitalia. Scales 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFC5452FF6CD498FEA22280" blockId="3.[151,1436,1960,2021]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1797]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFC5455FF6CD498FEB2248F" box="[199,323,1960,1984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
Similarly with other net-winged beetles, the body shape is quite variable and the definition solely based on the shape of pronotum, strength of costae or presence of reticulate structures in the elytral interspaces may lead to false conclusions on the species limits. The elytral costae may play an adaptive function as strengthening structure, and their multiple origins in different lineages were demonstrated by Bocak
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FBF2D38DFB60239B" box="[1113,1169,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008). Fine costae can be found in elytral interspaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FDBBD3D1FD5123B7" box="[528,672,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FDBBD3D1FD5123B7" box="[528,672,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. yunnanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FD73D3D1FC6323B7" box="[728,914,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multicostatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FD73D3D1FC6323B7" box="[728,914,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. multicostatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These are developed in various degrees, generally fine-structured and frequently disrupted. Their low diagnostic value may be demonstrated in some species,
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FF3CD219FF49220F" box="[151,184,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FF63D219FE75220F" box="[200,388,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multicostatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FF63D219FE75220F" box="[200,388,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. multicostatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some specimens have interstices without any trace of secondary costae and the other from the same population with quite well developed reticulate costae. Similarly, the shape of pronotum varies within some species. Eliminating the situation of abnormally developed pronotum, we can still find, that some specimens have wider pronotum than others within one species and also the degree of convexity of pronotal margins is frequently variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFB5452FF6CD2ECFE4921A0" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The shape of male genitalia and antennae usually differ between species and does not show substantial intraspecific variability. Some species share similar general appearance of the aedeagus, but differences can be found in the variously modified apical part of the median lobe. Morphology of male genitalia and the shape of the antennomere 3 are the primary sources of diagnostic characters at species level and these are the only characters enabling reliable species identification. However, even these characters may vary in some species: the lamella of antennomere 3 is developed in variable extent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FD16D1A1FCB921E7" box="[701,840,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bowringi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FD16D1A1FCB921E7" box="[701,840,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. bowringi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FCD5D1A1FBD021E7" box="[894,1057,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bocakorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FCD5D1A1FBD021E7" box="[894,1057,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. bocakorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As for the genitalia, ventral-cavity varies in shape from oval to narrow within some species, and when the ventral cavity is small and oval, its position may also be variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFB5452FF6CD1CCFB5920A3" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The coloration patterns are rarely conspicuously variable within species. As the colouration of net-winged beetles is signaling their unpalatability (Bocak & Bocakova 2008) the complexes of syntopically occurring species usually share the same colour pattern and due to the high degree of endemism at the species level, seldom the range of one species simultaneously covers the area where different colour patterns evolved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFB5452FBD2D057FA922030" author="Bocak" box="[1145,1379,871,895]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" refString="Bocak, L. & Yagi, T. (2010) Evolution of mimicry patterns in Metriorrhynchus (Coleoptera: Lycidae): the history of dispersal and speciation in South East Asia. Evolution, 64, 39 - 52." type="journal article" year="2010">Bocak & Yagi 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We found two colour patterns only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FDBAD0BDFD7820EB" box="[529,649,908,932]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dotatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FDBAD0BDFD7820EB" box="[529,649,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. dotatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FCC7D0BDFC5320EB" box="[876,930,909,932]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
were uniformly orange, and those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FACFD0BCFF362088" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
uniformly dark red. Another similar case is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FD13D081FCA52087" box="[696,852,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oreophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FD13D081FCA52087" box="[696,852,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. oreophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFB5452FC49D080FB5D2088" author="Kazantsev" box="[994,1196,943,967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" refString="Kazantsev, S. V. (2002) New and little known species of Lycidae (Coleoptera) from China. Russian Entomological Journal, 11, 253 - 263." type="journal article" year="2002">Kazantsev (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The dry stored specimens are darker than freshly collected material and may partly lose their original coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34EAAF2FFFB5452FF6CD0C8FE4F2643" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFB5452FF6CD0C8FE4F2643" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FF6CD0C8FE49275F" box="[199,440,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Biology and Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults, similarly to other net-winged beetles, prefer moist and shaded places with rotten trunks or logs lying in a close contact with soil, especially with shrubs along streams under the canopy of trees. They are mostly active in the morning, flying slowly at short distances, frequently found on the surface of leaves of lower shrubs or on the shaded areas of trunks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FD18D754FCC72733" box="[691,822,1124,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FD18D754FCC72733" box="[691,822,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Macrolycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not attracted to the light. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FB04D755FB142733" box="[1199,1253,1125,1148]" name="Laos" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
and continental
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FF3CD7B7FF2C27D0" box="[151,221,1159,1183]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the adults are active in nature from April to early July corresponding to different latitudes and altitude. Larvae of the Chinese or Laotian species are unknown and we have only information on Japanese species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFB5452FA9FD79CFEC827A8" author="Bocak" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" refString="Bocak, L. & Matsuda, K. (2003) Review of immature stages of the family Lycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Journal of Natural History, 37, 1463 - 1507." type="journal article" year="2003">Bocak & Matsuda 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFB5452FEEED7FFFD7727A8" author="Levkanicova" box="[325,646,1231,1255]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" refString="Levkanicova, Z. & Bocak, L. (2009) Identification of net-winged beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Lycidae) using three mtDNA fragments: a comparison of their utility. Systematic Entomology, 34, 210 - 221." type="journal article" year="2009">Levkanicova & Bocak 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae of Japanese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FC0AD7E0FBD527A7" box="[929,1060,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FC0AD7E0FBD527A7" box="[929,1060,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Macrolycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
live in decaying logs, under bark or in soft red-rotten wood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34EAAF2FFFB5452FF6CD628FA6B244B" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEBF979FFFB5452FF6CD628FA6B244B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FF6CD628FEA1267F" box="[199,336,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Similarly with most net-winged beetles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FC8AD628FC55267F" box="[801,932,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FC8AD628FC55267F" box="[801,932,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Macrolycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species occur in very restricted areas (Bocak 2000, 2007). We may roughly identify six areas of endemism (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136FE5FCFFFB5452FCCCD60CFC5A261B" box="[871,939,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1114,1138]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,306,1091]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,306,1091]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. The distribution of the genus Macrolycus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
): (1) Russian Far East, Northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FAF2D60CFA6D261B" box="[1369,1436,1340,1364]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FF63D650FEFD2638" box="[200,268,1376,1399]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
with six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FED2D650FE0D2637" box="[377,508,1376,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FED2D650FE0D2637" box="[377,508,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Macrolycus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The region is characterized by continental climate and cold winters, the ecosystems are mostly lower elevation deciduous or conifer forests; (2)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FCDDD6B5FC4726D3" box="[886,950,1413,1436]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
incl. Ryukyu Islands encompassing a wide variety of ecosystems from the temperate zone of Hokkaido to the wet subtropical ecosystems of Iriomote and Ishigaki Islands in the South (16 species); (3)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FDD2D6FCFD3A26AB" box="[633,715,1484,1508]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
with 6 species; (4) The high mountain regions of Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces with deciduous and conifer forests (12 species); (5) Southeastern and central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FF3CD524FF2B2563" box="[151,218,1556,1580]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
with evergreen forests in lower elevations and deciduous forests in the highest altitudes, generally an area with prevalence of lower mountain ecosystems (7 species); The Himalayas and northernmost part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FAA2D507FA9D2500" box="[1289,1388,1591,1615]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Indochina with monsoon evergreen ecosystems (11 species). We have seldom found species distributed across two or more above defined regions except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FDE8D5B1FD2D25D7" box="[579,732,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FDE8D5B1FD2D25D7" box="[579,732,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. dominator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FCD8D5B0FC4225D8" box="[883,947,1664,1687]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FC42D54FFBCF25D8" box="[1001,1086,1663,1687]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and a few species occurring in the Far East and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FEFAD595FE6025F3" box="[337,401,1701,1724]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(the record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FD9ED595FD2025F3" box="[565,721,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flabellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FD9ED595FD2025F3" box="[565,721,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. flabellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F343B9E9FFFB5452FCBFD594FC9725F3" box="[788,870,1700,1724]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC58488FFFB5452FCDFD594FBF125F3" author="Kleine" box="[884,1024,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" refString="Kleine, R. (1926) Die Lyciden Formosas. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 87, 97 - 109." type="journal article" year="1926">Kleine 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) seems to be based on misidentification and we have not seen any specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5482FAFFFB5452FD26D5F9FCDB25AF" box="[653,810,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Lycidae" genus="Macrolycus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flabellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B920256BFFFB5452FD26D5F9FCDB25AF" box="[653,810,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">M. flabellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from this island. Although further research will surely expand ranges of some species, the geographic origin may provide some guidance for the identification of species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |