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<document id="AAD0FA2E96E96C2F9445689442E96423" ID-CLB-Dataset="27992" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66601a1e-ba16-41b2-b182-0fd80e75ccba" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2608527" ID-ZooBank="EF369E98-EBD9-4647-B081-65AD1794A27C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553591750157" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soto, Joan J. &amp; Peña, Álvaro L." docDate="2019" docId="03B887B7A478FFE4E983FC65FEC69DA0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4570.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4570 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lafoea dumosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FF81FFCFA46EFFF2E914FFEFFFBB9B7E" masterDocTitle="Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698713421926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5E8234B318E996E5E148BF60AF2DE861">Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E30AE6F11B316F14313EF22EC568DC4E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EDE40B6303041D9FBE9F8DB0E2B70FAB">Soto, Joan J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AAA4F7DA8822946BA1BE99388E311949">Peña, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CC3687C2F8D32703CF39FF2F0045E078">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4E799228D9B0AA5CE8EDCDBFBF65D52B">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B887B7A478FFE4E983FC65FEC69DA0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5934919" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154497154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5934919" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B7A478FFE4E983FC65FEC69DA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B7A478FFE4E983FC65FEC69DA0" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA478FFE4E983FC65FDA098DA" box="[151,539,906,932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A478FFE4E983FC65FDA098DA" blockId="22.[151,539,906,966]" box="[151,539,906,932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0E681CDA478FFE4E983FC65FDA098DA" bold="true" box="[151,539,906,932]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E983FC65FDA098DA" ID-CoL="3RVLW" authority="(Fleming, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[151,539,906,932]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E983FC65FDA098DA" bold="true" box="[151,539,906,932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E983FC65FEEA98DA" bold="true" box="[151,337,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lafoea dumosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4E874FC65FDA898DA" author="Fleming, J." box="[352,531,906,932]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="82 - 89" refId="ref41922" refString="Fleming, J. (1820) Observations on the natural history of the Sertularia gelatinosa of Pallas. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 2, 82 - 89." type="journal article" year="1820">Fleming, 1820</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA478FFE4E983FC42FEB398B8" box="[151,264,941,966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A478FFE4E983FC42FEB398B8" blockId="22.[151,539,906,966]" box="[151,264,941,966]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A478FFE4E98BFC42FF5A98B8" box="[159,225,941,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[166,1421,277,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,267,1855]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. ab Acryptolaria frigida: a stem; b hydrotheca; cf Filellum antarcticum: c hydrotheca; d coppinia; e section of a coppinia showing gonothecae and eggs; f detail of gonothecal aperture. g Filellum cf. magnificum: hydrotheca. h Filellum cf. bouvetensis: hydrotheca. ij Lafoea dumosa: i stem; j detail of the stem showing hydrothecal arrangement. k Lafoea gaussica: hydrotheca. l-m Abietinella operculata: l stems; m detail of the stem showing hydrothecal arrangement. n Hebella cf. plana: hydrotheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608539/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
ij)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA478FFE4E983FC1AFB679FBC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A478FFE4E983FC1AFB679FBC" blockId="22.[151,1436,1013,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E983FC1AFE3A9F70" bold="true" box="[151,385,1013,1038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E89CFC19FE419F70" box="[392,506,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ANT XV/3</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB1DFC1AFDF09F70" bold="true" box="[521,587,1013,1038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">48-50</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EA36FC1AFCCA9F73" box="[802,881,1013,1038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
high;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EAADFC1AFBB39F70" bold="true" box="[953,1032,1013,1038]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">48-194</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EDCBFC1AFA949F73" box="[1247,1327,1013,1038]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
high;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EC62FC1AFF7A9F4C" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">48- 276</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4E887FBF5FE599F4F" box="[403,482,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EB5DFBF5FD129F4F" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[585,681,1050,1073]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB5DFBF5FD129F4F" box="[585,681,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EBA3FBF6FCBD9F4C" bold="true" box="[695,774,1049,1074]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">48-297</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EACDFBF6FB9C9F4F" box="[985,1063,1049,1074]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4ED9BFBF5FAB89F4C" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1167,1283,1049,1074]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4ED9BFBF5FAB89F4C" box="[1167,1283,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B. subrufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ascidian;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E983FBD1FEA09F28" box="[151,283,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ANT XVII/3</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E83EFBD2FEDC9F28" bold="true" box="[298,359,1085,1110]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">111-5</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EB29FBD2FD379F2B" box="[573,652,1085,1110]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EBE0FBD1FC2A9F2B" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[756,913,1086,1109]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EBE0FBD1FC2A9F2B" box="[756,913,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EAB4FBD2FC679F28" bold="true" box="[928,988,1085,1110]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">111-6</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EDA7FBD1FAB99F2B" box="[1203,1282,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
high;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EC5DFBD2FA289F28" bold="true" box="[1353,1427,1085,1110]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">111-18</emphasis>
, some stems, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4E87FFB8DFE009F07" box="[363,443,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EB3CFB8DFD7D9F07" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[552,710,1122,1145]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB3CFB8DFD7D9F07" box="[552,710,1122,1145]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and polychaete tube;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EAD4FB8EFBB19F04" bold="true" box="[960,1034,1121,1146]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">111-19</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EDF3FB8DFA8C9F07" box="[1255,1335,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E983FB69FE889FE0" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,307,1158,1182]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E983FB69FE889FE0" box="[151,307,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sc. unifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E855FB69FE079FE0" box="[321,444,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ANT XXI/2</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E8DFFB6AFD829FE0" bold="true" box="[459,569,1157,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PS65/121</emphasis>
, some stems, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EA01FB69FCD89FE3" box="[789,867,1158,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EAD8FB69FB979FE3" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[972,1068,1158,1181]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EAD8FB69FB979FE3" box="[972,1068,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4ED76FB69FB529FE3" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[1122,1257,1158,1181]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvatus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4ED76FB69FB529FE3" box="[1122,1257,1158,1181]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Sy. curvatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EDE3FB6AFADD9FE0" bold="true" box="[1271,1382,1157,1182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PS65/278</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4E83BFB45FEC59FBF" box="[303,382,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E8F3FB45FDC19FBC" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" box="[487,634,1193,1218]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E8F3FB45FDC19FBC" box="[487,634,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H. secundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB9CFB46FD4C9FBC" bold="true" box="[648,759,1193,1218]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">PS65/279</emphasis>
, one colony, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4EAD8FB45FBA09FBF" box="[972,1051,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high, on sponge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA478FFE4E9D3FB22FAE49D33" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A478FFE4E9D3FB22FAE49D33" blockId="22.[151,1436,1013,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E9D3FB22FE809F98" bold="true" box="[199,315,1229,1254]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E855FB21FE579F98" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[321,492,1229,1254]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E855FB21FE579F98" box="[321,492,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lafoea dumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been considered a cosmopolitan species with a wide range of variation in colony shape, pedicel length and hydrothecal morphology [see
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EA1BFB1EFC699E74" author="Schuchert, P." box="[783,978,1265,1290]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref46517" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om GrOnland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001">Schuchert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
for a detailed account on the taxonomic history of the species]. Some authors included
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EBB8FAF9FC4C9E50" authority="(Sars, 1851)" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[684,1015,1301,1326]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EBB8FAF9FCDD9E50" box="[684,870,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lafoea fruticosa</emphasis>
(Sars, 1851)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4ED24FAF9FA279E50" authority="(Alder, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1072,1436,1301,1326]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4ED24FAF9FB409E50" box="[1072,1275,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lafoea gracillima</emphasis>
(Alder, 1856)
</taxonomicName>
within the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E8B3FAD5FDA09E2C" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[423,539,1337,1362]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E8B3FAD5FDA09E2C" box="[423,539,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. dumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EB4FFAD6FCB29E2C" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[603,777,1337,1362]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="375 - 426" refId="ref41488" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1975) A revision of the species of Lafoeidae and Haleciidae (Coelenterata: Hydroida) recorded from Britain and nearby seas. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 28, 375 - 426." type="journal article" year="1975">Cornelius 1975</bibRefCitation>
; Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EAA5FAD5FC599E2C" box="[945,994,1337,1362]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. 2004). However, recent evidence have challenged these previous concepts.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EB28FAB2FCBB9E08" author="Schuchert, P." box="[572,768,1373,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 184" refId="ref46517" refString="Schuchert, P. (2001) Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Meddelelser om GrOnland, Bioscience, 53, 1 - 184." type="journal article" year="2001">Schuchert (2001)</bibRefCitation>
found differences in nematocyst size between pedicellate and non-pedicellate colonies of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EB10FA6DFDC19EE4" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[516,634,1409,1434]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB10FA6DFDC19EE4" box="[516,634,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. dumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but some exceptions were noticed by the author.
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EDAFFA6DFA279EE4" author="Moura, C. J. &amp; Harris, D. J. &amp; Cunha, M. R. &amp; Rogers, A. D." box="[1211,1436,1409,1434]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref43429" refString="Moura, C. J., Harris, D. J., Cunha, M. R. &amp; Rogers, A. D. (2008) DNA barcoding reveals cyptic diversity in marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal and deep-sea environments. Zoologica Scripta, 37, 93 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00312. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Moura
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EC1AFA6DFAFA9EE4" box="[1294,1345,1409,1434]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
found two divergent lineages within
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EB20FA49FD129EC0" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[564,681,1445,1470]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB20FA49FD129EC0" box="[564,681,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. dumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting the existence of cryptic species. Finally,
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EDEBFA4AFA279EC0" author="Calder, D." box="[1279,1436,1445,1470]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref41279" refString="Calder, D. (2012) On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroidolina) from the west coast of Sweden, with a checklist of species from the region. Zootaxa, 3171, 1 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3171.1.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Calder (2012)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively considered
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E887FA25FDAF9E9C" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[403,532,1482,1506]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E887FA25FDAF9E9C" box="[403,532,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EB5DFA25FD609E9C" baseAuthorityName="Alder" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[585,731,1481,1506]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracillima">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EB5DFA25FD609E9C" box="[585,731,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. gracillima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid species waiting for further molecular work. Given that
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4E983FA01FEB49D78" baseAuthorityName="Fleming" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[151,271,1517,1542]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dumosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E983FA01FEB49D78" box="[151,271,1517,1542]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">L. dumosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<collectingCountry id="F3067631A478FFE4EB94FA02FD599D78" box="[640,738,1517,1542]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Scotland</collectingCountry>
bearing “nearly sessile cups” (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4ED5BFA02FB4E9D78" author="Fleming, J." box="[1103,1269,1517,1542]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref41951" refString="Fleming, J. (1828) A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, Mollusca, and Radiata of the United Kingdom. Bell &amp; Bradfute, Edinburgh, 565 pp." type="book" year="1828">Fleming 1828</bibRefCitation>
: 548; see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4E983F9FEFEFD9D54" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[151,326,1553,1578]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="375 - 426" refId="ref41488" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1975) A revision of the species of Lafoeidae and Haleciidae (Coelenterata: Hydroida) recorded from Britain and nearby seas. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 28, 375 - 426." type="journal article" year="1975">Cornelius 1975</bibRefCitation>
), the Antarctic representatives of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EBD5F9FDFCB49D54" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1821" box="[705,783,1554,1578]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EBD5F9FDFCB49D54" box="[705,783,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lafoea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, often bearing long and twisted pedicels (figs 6ij), might belong to a different species. However, in the absence of further molecular evidence, this issue remains open.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA478FFE4E9D3F9B6FEC69DA0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A478FFE4E9D3F9B6FEC69DA0" blockId="22.[151,1436,1013,1758]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4E9D3F9B6FE419D0C" bold="true" box="[199,506,1625,1650]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
In Antarctic waters, reported from 12 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EAD7F9B6FAC89D0C" author="Stepanjants, S. D." box="[963,1395,1625,1650]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref47101" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20, 1 - 200. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">
Stepanjants 1979, as
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A478FFE4EDACF9B5FAC89D0C" baseAuthorityName="Sars" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1208,1395,1626,1650]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Lafoea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fruticosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EDACF9B5FAC89D0C" box="[1208,1395,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lafoea fruticosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
) to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4E983F992FF569DEB" box="[151,237,1661,1686]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.157" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1157.0">1157 m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4E852F991FD8F9DE8" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[326,564,1662,1686]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1711 - 1731" refId="ref44300" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2014 a) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the continental shelf and slope off Queen Mary Coast (East Antarctica). Polar Biology, 37, 1711 - 1731. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 014 - 1556 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">Peña Cantero 2014a</bibRefCitation>
); present material was collected between
<quantity id="4CE99B44A478FFE4ED00F992FB309DEB" box="[1044,1163,1661,1686]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.41" metricValueMax="4.17" metricValueMin="0.65" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="241.0" valueMax="417.0" valueMin="65.0">
65
<specimenCount id="9D17FD28A478FFE4ED2AF992FB309DEB" box="[1086,1163,1661,1686]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">417 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Worldwide distributed, known from both East and West
<collectingCountry id="F3067631A478FFE4EB05F94EFD3D9DC4" box="[529,646,1697,1722]" name="Antarctica" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A478FFE4EA2CF94DFCC89DC4" box="[824,883,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2004), as well as the Scotia Arc (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A478FFE4EDEFF94DFECA9DA0" author="Soto Angel, J. J. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="983 - 1007" refId="ref46725" refString="Soto Angel, J. J. &amp; Pena Cantero, A. L. (2015) On the benthic hydroids from the Scotia Arc (Southern Ocean): new insights into their biodiversity, ecology and biogeography. Polar Biology, 38, 983 - 1007. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 015 - 1660 - 9" type="journal article" year="2015">Soto Àngel &amp; Peña Cantero 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>