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<document id="4D5F18EC8C8BD0407407DB168C364C76" ID-CLB-Dataset="27992" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4570.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="66601a1e-ba16-41b2-b182-0fd80e75ccba" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2608527" ID-ZooBank="EF369E98-EBD9-4647-B081-65AD1794A27C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553591750157" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Soto, Joan J. &amp; Peña, Álvaro L." docDate="2019" docId="03B887B7A464FFF8E983FF31FE239C10" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4570.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4570 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Rhizorhagium antarcticum" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FF81FFCFA46EFFF2E914FFEFFFBB9B7E" masterDocTitle="Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698713421926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DF2E76E96F8DBBB558572155D1DDB2EF">Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Weddell Sea (Antarctica)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F55B14EF8B501183858E1392F6D0B859">Soto, Joan J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B887B7A464FFF8E983FF31FE239C10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5934881" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154497145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5934881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887B7A464FFF8E983FF31FE239C10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887B7A464FFF8E983FF31FE239C10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA464FFF8E983FF31FC889B86" box="[151,819,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E983FF31FC889B86" blockId="10.[151,819,222,282]" box="[151,819,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0E681CDA464FFF8E983FF31FC889B86" bold="true" box="[151,819,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E983FF31FC889B86" authority="(Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[151,819,222,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Rhizorhagium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FF31FC889B86" bold="true" box="[151,819,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FF31FE5B9B86" bold="true" box="[151,480,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Rhizorhagium antarcticum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E8FAFF31FC909B86" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[494,811,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA464FFF8E983FEEEFEB19A64" box="[151,266,257,282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E983FEEEFEB19A64" blockId="10.[151,819,222,282]" box="[151,266,257,282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A464FFF8E98BFEEEFF5A9A64" box="[159,225,257,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,201,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. ac Bimeria corynopsis: a stem showing branching; b stem showing annulation; c detail of polyp and slightly capitate tentacles. de Bougainvillidae undetermined: d polyp; e gonophore. fi Rhizorhagium antarcticum: f colony shape; g extended (left) and contracted (right) polyps; h shape (left) and developing eggs (right) of female gonophores; i male gonophore. j?Sarsia sp.: polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
fi)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA464FFF8E983FEA6FBD19F2B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E983FEA6FBD19F2B" blockId="10.[151,1437,329,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FEA6FE3B9A1C" bold="true" box="[151,384,329,354]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E893FEA5FDB89A1F" box="[391,515,329,353]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ANT XV/3:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB1EFEA6FDF09A1C" bold="true" box="[522,587,329,354]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-31</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EA21FEA6FCCD9A1F" box="[821,886,329,353]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAF4FEA6FEFA9AF8" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1996" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAF4FEA6FB599A1F" box="[992,1250,329,354]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Oswaldella terranovae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EDFDFEA5FEFA9AF8" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="411 - 435" refId="ref45242" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1996) Species of Schizotricha Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent antarctic expeditions with R. V. '' Polarstern' ', with the description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 70, 411 - 435." type="journal article" year="1996">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E869FE82FCF69AF8" authority="(Blanco, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Blanco" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[381,845,365,390]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Antarctoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E869FE82FD2E9AF8" box="[381,661,365,390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antarctoscyphus grandis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EBB3FE82FCFE9AF8" author="Blanco, O. M." box="[679,837,365,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref41031" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1977) Nuevos hidrozoos antarticos. Contribucion del Instituto Antartico Argentino, 205, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1977">Blanco, 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA4FFE82FC269AF8" bold="true" box="[859,925,365,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-33</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EDD2FE81FAB29AFB" box="[1222,1289,366,389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EC6EFE81FEB09AD7" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EC6EFE81FEB09AD7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. unifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E808FE7DFE059AD7" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[284,446,402,425]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E808FE7DFE059AD7" box="[284,446,402,425]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8E8FE7EFDD29AD4" box="[508,617,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tubularia</emphasis>
sp.2, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA9CFE7EFC729AD4" bold="true" box="[904,969,401,426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-36</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EDD2FE7EFAB09AD7" box="[1222,1291,401,425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EC95FE7DFEA99AB3" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EC95FE7DFEA99AB3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8EDFE5AFD819AB0" bold="true" box="[505,570,437,462]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-50</emphasis>
, several polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EA45FE59FC1E9AB3" box="[849,933,438,462]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8ED09FE5AFE789A8C" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1996" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED09FE5AFB559AB3" box="[1053,1262,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Schizotricha nana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EDEEFE59FE789A8C" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="411 - 435" refId="ref45242" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1996) Species of Schizotricha Allman, 1883 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent antarctic expeditions with R. V. '' Polarstern' ', with the description of a new species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 70, 411 - 435." type="journal article" year="1996">Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E8EDFE36FC239A8F" authority="Totton, 1930" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" box="[505,920,473,498]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8EDFE36FCBB9A8C" box="[505,768,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Campanularia hicksoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EA13FE35FC239A8F" author="Totton, A. K." box="[775,920,473,497]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref47525" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report, British Antarctic ' Terra Nova' Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5, 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAB0FE36FC489A8C" bold="true" box="[932,1011,473,498]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-194</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EDCDFE36FAA19A8F" box="[1241,1306,473,497]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EC96FE35FF4F9968" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EC96FE35FF4F9968" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hicksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E83FFE11FE37996B" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[299,396,510,533]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E83FFE11FE37996B" box="[299,396,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB70FE12FD0F9968" bold="true" box="[612,692,509,534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-220</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EAC5FE12FBA9996B" box="[977,1042,509,534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8ED68FE11FB66996B" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1148,1245,510,533]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED68FE11FB66996B" box="[1148,1245,510,533]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EDFFFE11FAD79968" authorityName="Blanco" authorityYear="1982" box="[1259,1388,509,534]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exochus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EDFFFE11FAD79968" box="[1259,1388,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sy. exochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E983FDCEFCC49947" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 2002" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,895,545,570]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="anae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FDCEFE1B9947" box="[151,416,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Symplectoscyphus anae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E8BCFDCDFCC49947" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W." box="[424,895,545,570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1509 - 1568" refId="ref45533" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2002) Species of Symplectoscyphus Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae) from recent Antarctic expeditions with R. V. Polarstern, with the description of four new species. Journal of Natural History, 36, 1509 - 1568. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930110051716" type="journal article" year="2002">Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED41FDCEFB1E9944" bold="true" box="[1109,1189,545,570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-222</emphasis>
, several polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E983FDA9FF629923" box="[151,217,582,606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E853FDAAFCFA9920" authority="von Lendenfeld, 1885" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[327,833,581,606]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="generale">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E853FDAAFD879920" box="[327,572,581,606]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Eudendrium generale</emphasis>
von
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EB63FDAAFCFA9920" author="Von Lendenfeld, R." box="[631,833,581,606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="345 - 353" refId="ref47702" refString="Von Lendenfeld, R. (1885) The Australian Hydromedusae. II. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 9, 345 - 353." type="journal article" year="1885">Lendenfeld, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED0FFDAAFBD29920" bold="true" box="[1051,1129,581,606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">48-223</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EC4EFDA9FA279923" box="[1370,1436,582,606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E9EBFD85FED899FF" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[255,355,618,641]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E9EBFD85FED899FF" box="[255,355,618,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E860FD85FDBE99FC" box="[372,517,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ANT XVII/3:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB04FD86FDF799FC" bold="true" box="[528,588,617,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">111-5</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EA52FD86FC3199FF" box="[838,906,617,642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAE8FD85FBC799FC" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" box="[1020,1148,617,642]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAE8FD85FBC799FC" box="[1020,1148,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hicksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EDADFD85FAE299FF" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1209,1369,618,641]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EDADFD85FAE299FF" box="[1209,1369,618,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E83EFD62FEDC99D8" bold="true" box="[298,359,653,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">111-6</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EB4DFD62FD2799DB" box="[601,668,653,678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EA1EFD61FC3699D8" authorityName="Blanco" authorityYear="1982" box="[778,909,653,678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exochus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA1EFD61FC3699D8" box="[778,909,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sy. exochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAD3FD61FBFD99D8" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" box="[967,1094,653,678]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAD3FD61FBFD99D8" box="[967,1094,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hicksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EC30FD62FADB99D8" bold="true" box="[1316,1376,653,678]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">111-7</emphasis>
, few polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E820FD5EFECD99B7" box="[308,374,689,714]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E8F0FD5DFD3999B7" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[484,642,690,713]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8F0FD5DFD3999B7" box="[484,642,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EBAFFD5EFC9299B4" box="[699,809,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tubularia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EA26FD5EFB7199B4" authority="Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[818,1226,689,714]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longstaffi">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA26FD5EFC2799B4" box="[818,924,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">longstaffi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EAB0FD5EFB7199B4" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[932,1226,689,714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FD3AFF689990" bold="true" box="[151,211,725,750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">111-9</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E8FAFD3AFD879993" box="[494,572,725,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
high, on polychaete tube,
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA74FD39FBD29990" box="[864,1129,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EA74FD39FC639990" baseAuthorityName="Blanco" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[864,984,725,750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Antarctoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">A. grandis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAF6FD39FBDE9990" authorityName="von Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1885" box="[994,1125,725,750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="generale">E. generale</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8ED7BFD39FEE6986C" authority="(Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parvula">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED7BFD39FA949990" box="[1135,1327,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Zyzzyzus parvula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EC28FD3AFEEE986C" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E87CFD15FD23986C" box="[360,664,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E87CFD15FDB3986F" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[360,520,762,785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">O. terranovae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EB07FD15FD23986C" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2002" box="[531,664,761,786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="weddelli">Sy. weddelli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EBB2FD15FCF9986C" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[678,834,762,786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="unifurcata">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EBB2FD15FCF9986C" box="[678,834,762,786]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. unifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EA63FD15FC46986C" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[887,1021,761,786]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Thuiaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longstaffi">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA63FD15FC46986C" box="[887,1021,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">T. longstaffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EDC0FD16FAA4986C" bold="true" box="[1236,1311,761,786]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">111-18</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E82DFCF2FEC6984B" box="[313,381,797,822]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E8E4FCF2FC2A9848" authority="(Jaderholm, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[496,913,797,822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8E4FCF2FD089848" box="[496,691,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Billardia subrufa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EBD2FCF2FC329848" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[710,905,797,822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref42901" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Series 4, 3 (Notes et revue 1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAB4FCF1FB9A9848" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" box="[928,1057,797,822]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Campanularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAB4FCF1FB9A9848" box="[928,1057,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. hicksoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8ED26FCF2FF699824" authority="Ritchie, 1907" authorityName="Ritchie" authorityYear="1907" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="interpolatum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED26FCF2FA829848" box="[1074,1337,797,822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Halecium interpolatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EC50FCF2FF699824" author="Ritchie, J." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="519 - 545" refId="ref46324" refString="Ritchie, J. (1907) The hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45, 519 - 545. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0080456800022821" type="journal article" year="1907">Ritchie, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E9F6FCADFE3F9827" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[226,388,834,857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E9F6FCADFE3F9827" box="[226,388,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">O. terranovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E883FCADFE479827" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[407,508,834,857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E883FCADFE479827" box="[407,508,834,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EB1BFCADFD219824" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="2002" box="[527,666,833,858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="weddelli">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB1BFCADFD219824" box="[527,666,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sy. weddelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EBCFFCAEFCF29824" box="[731,841,833,858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tubularia</emphasis>
sp.1, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED7EFCADFB509824" box="[1130,1259,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ANT XXI/2</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EDEAFCAEFAE59824" bold="true" box="[1278,1374,833,858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/39</emphasis>
, few polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E826FC8AFEC89803" box="[306,371,869,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E8CBFC89FDDA9800" authorityName="Blanco" authorityYear="1982" box="[479,609,869,894]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="exochus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8CBFC89FDDA9800" box="[479,609,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sy. exochus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EA28FC8AFC119800" bold="true" box="[828,938,869,894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/121</emphasis>
, few polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8ED91FC89FB7C9803" box="[1157,1223,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EC27FC89FA2F9803" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[1331,1428,870,893]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EC27FC89FA2F9803" box="[1331,1428,870,893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sc. nana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FC66FEBD98DC" bold="true" box="[151,262,905,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/248</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E8FBFC65FD8B98DF" box="[495,560,906,930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EB8EFC65FC9A98DF" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[666,801,906,929]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="curvatus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB8EFC65FC9A98DF" box="[666,801,906,929]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Sy. curvatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and octocoral;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAC4FC66FB8598DC" bold="true" box="[976,1086,905,930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/276</emphasis>
, numerous polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EC4FFC66FA2798DF" box="[1371,1436,905,930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, on bryozoan,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E86EFC42FB3398B8" authority="(Pena Cantero &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Garcia Carrascosa" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[378,1160,941,966]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E86EFC42FD3798B8" box="[378,652,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Staurotheca vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EB8AFC41FB3A98B8" author="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M." box="[670,1153,942,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="117 - 140" refId="ref44703" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1994) Hidrozoos de la campana ' Antartida 8611 '. In: Castellvi, J. (Ed.), Actas del cuarto simposio espanol de estudios antarticos. CICYT, Madrid, pp. 117 - 140." type="book chapter" year="1994">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1994</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8ED83FC42FD3F9894" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Staurotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="glomulosa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED83FC42FA2098B8" box="[1175,1435,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Staurotheca glomulosa</emphasis>
Peña Cantero,
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E852FC3EFD3F9894" author="Svoboda, A. &amp; Stepanjants, S. &amp; Smirnov, I." box="[326,644,977,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="22 - 25" refId="ref47372" refString="Svoboda, A., Stepanjants, S. &amp; Smirnov, I. (1997) Two polar Hydractinia species (Cnidaria), epibiotic on two closely related brittle stars (Echinodermata): an example for taxonomic and ecological bipolarity. In: Battaglia, B., Valencia, J. &amp; Walton, D. W. H. (Eds.), Antarctic Communities: Species, Structure and Survival. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 22 - 25" type="book chapter" year="1997">Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EBD1FC3EFB789894" authority="Totton, 1930" authorityName="Totton" authorityYear="1930" box="[709,1219,977,1002]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Symplectoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vanhoeffeni">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EBD1FC3EFB9B9894" box="[709,1056,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Symplectoscyphus vanhoeffeni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8ED38FC3DFB789894" author="Totton, A. K." box="[1068,1219,978,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref47525" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report, British Antarctic ' Terra Nova' Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5, 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with gonophores;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FC1AFEBD9F70" bold="true" box="[151,262,1013,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/278</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E8E0FC1AFD8D9F73" box="[500,566,1013,1038]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EBB7FC1AFB119F70" authority="(Jaderholm, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[675,1194,1013,1038]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Antarctoscyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EBB7FC1AFC6A9F70" box="[675,977,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antarctoscyphus elongatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EAF5FC1AFB199F70" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[993,1186,1013,1038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref42901" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Series 4, 3 (Notes et revue 1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EDA3FC1AFEE99F4C" authority="Jaderholm, 1904" authorityName="Jaderholm" authorityYear="1904" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EDA3FC1AFA279F70" box="[1207,1436,1013,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Halecium secundum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E983FBF6FEE99F4C" author="Jaderholm, E." box="[151,338,1049,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref42901" refString="Jaderholm, E. (1904) Mitteilungen ueber einige von der Schwedischen Antarctic-Expedition 1901 - 1903 eingesammelte Hydroiden. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, Series 4, 3 (Notes et revue 1), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1904">Jäderholm, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and sponge;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8FDFBF6FDE39F4C" bold="true" box="[489,600,1049,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/279</emphasis>
, few polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EA27FBF5FCCE9F4F" box="[819,885,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAF5FBF5FBED9F4C" baseAuthorityName="Jaderholm" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[993,1110,1049,1074]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Billardia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subrufa">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAF5FBF5FBED9F4C" box="[993,1110,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. subrufa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED72FBF6FB6E9F4C" bold="true" box="[1126,1237,1049,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/280</emphasis>
, some polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E9A0FBD1FF4E9F2B" box="[180,245,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on bryozoan;
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8C1FBD2FDF89F28" bold="true" box="[469,579,1085,1110]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">PS65/281</emphasis>
, few polyps, up to
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EA0FFBD1FCE79F2B" box="[795,860,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high, on
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EAD1FBD1FBD19F2B" box="[965,1130,1086,1109]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EAD1FBD1FBDE9F2B" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[965,1125,1086,1109]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="terranovae">O. terranovae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA464FFF8E9D3FB8EFBFC9D0C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E9D3FB8EFE4D9E2C" blockId="10.[151,1437,329,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E9D3FB8EFE809F04" bold="true" box="[199,315,1121,1146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks.</emphasis>
The analysis of some extraordinarily well preserved reproductive colonies allowed us to confirm the presence of a distinct pseudohydrotheca, as a thin layer of perisarc, reaching the base of tentacles, but not covering them (
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A464FFF8E9CAFB46FE8A9FBC" box="[222,305,1193,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,201,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. ac Bimeria corynopsis: a stem showing branching; b stem showing annulation; c detail of polyp and slightly capitate tentacles. de Bougainvillidae undetermined: d polyp; e gonophore. fi Rhizorhagium antarcticum: f colony shape; g extended (left) and contracted (right) polyps; h shape (left) and developing eggs (right) of female gonophores; i male gonophore. j?Sarsia sp.: polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E807FB45FE8A9FBC" box="[275,305,1194,1218]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="g" value="2.0">2g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), as noticed by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E8F6FB46FCB49FBC" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[482,783,1193,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely (1907)</bibRefCitation>
in the original description, and by other authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EC2EFB45FEC79F98" author="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="25 - 60" refId="ref43618" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1972) Marine invertebrates from Adelie Land collected by the XIIth and XVth French Antarctic Expeditions. 3. Hydroida. Tethys Supplement, 4, 25 - 60." type="journal article" year="1972">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants 1972</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EBA5FB21FC239F98" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[689,920,1229,1254]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="369 - 392" refId="ref44411" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2015) Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean. Zootaxa, 3972 (3), 369 - 392. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3972.3.4" type="journal article" year="2015">Peña Cantero (2015</bibRefCitation>
: 378), “the perisarc sheet covering the polyp body is totally inconspicuous” in the
<typeStatus id="54AA8803A464FFF8EB57FB1DFDC89E74" box="[579,627,1266,1290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
material he examined. Sampling procedures could strongly damage or even remove this delicate structure, and this could be the reason, in this specific case, of discrepancies among different authors observations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E9D3FAB2FD009D54" blockId="10.[151,1437,329,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E9D3FAB2FDAB9E08" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[199,528,1373,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely (1907)</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed description of the gonophores of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EDA8FAB1FAD19E0B" baseAuthorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1212,1386,1374,1397]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Rhizorhagium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EDA8FAB1FAD19E0B" box="[1212,1386,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E983FA6DFE119EE7" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,426,1410,1433]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983FA6DFE119EE7" box="[151,426,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perigonimus antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, these authors employed a terminology commonly used with reduced medusae (i.e. criptomedusoids or eumedusoids), therefore causing some misperception about the nature of the gonophore. According to the figures by
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E8C0FA26FCB99E9C" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." box="[468,770,1481,1506]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson &amp; Gravely (1907)</bibRefCitation>
and our own observations while dissecting the gonophores (
<figureCitation id="132A2A24A464FFF8E98BFA02FF499D78" box="[159,242,1517,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,201,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1472]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. ac Bimeria corynopsis: a stem showing branching; b stem showing annulation; c detail of polyp and slightly capitate tentacles. de Bougainvillidae undetermined: d polyp; e gonophore. fi Rhizorhagium antarcticum: f colony shape; g extended (left) and contracted (right) polyps; h shape (left) and developing eggs (right) of female gonophores; i male gonophore. j?Sarsia sp.: polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2608531/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2h</figureCitation>
), the gonosome of
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E8D2FA01FDD19D7B" baseAuthorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[454,618,1518,1541]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Rhizorhagium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E8D2FA01FDD19D7B" box="[454,618,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized as fixed sporosacs with confidence, in agreement with the diagnosis of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8E8DCF9FEFD149D54" author="Bouillon, J. &amp; Gravili, C. &amp; Pages, F. &amp; Gili, J. M. &amp; Boero, F." box="[456,687,1553,1578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref41152" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. &amp; Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
Bouillon
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB27F9FDFDD09D54" box="[563,619,1553,1578]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E9D3F9DAFBFC9D0C" blockId="10.[151,1437,329,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cnidome composed by microbasic euryteles [range 6.58.0 x 4.04.5 µm, mean 7.4±0.5 x 4.4±0.2 µm (n=22)] and desmonemes [range 5.06.0 x 3.03.5 µm, mean 5.7±0.3 x 3.3±0.3 µm (n=16)].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B652AA464FFF8E9D3F992FE239C10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BAE36A1A464FFF8E9D3F992FE239C10" blockId="10.[151,1437,329,1902]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E9D3F992FDB09DE8" bold="true" box="[199,523,1661,1686]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
Previously found between the tidal level (
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8ED24F992FE129DC7" author="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref42832" refString="Hickson, S. J. &amp; Gravely, F. H. (1907) Coelenterata. II. Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition (S. S. Discovery) 1901 - 1904, Natural History, 3, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">
Hickson &amp; Gravely 1907, as
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8E983F94DFE129DC7" authorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,425,1698,1721]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8E983F94DFE129DC7" box="[151,425,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perigonimus antarcticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8E8FDF94EFD949DC7" box="[489,559,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EB29F94DFC689DC7" author="Totton, A. K." box="[573,979,1697,1722]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="131 - 252" refId="ref47525" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report, British Antarctic ' Terra Nova' Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5, 131 - 252." type="journal article" year="1930">
Totton 1930, as
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8EBE6F94EFC689DC7" box="[754,979,1697,1722]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Gravelya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EBE6F94EFC689DC7" box="[754,979,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gravelya antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
); present material was collected from
<quantity id="4CE99B44A464FFF8EC94F94EFF459DA3" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7449999999999999" metricValueMax="2.87" metricValueMin="0.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="174.5" valueMax="287.0" valueMin="62.0">
62 to
<specimenCount id="9D17FD28A464FFF8E9A0F929FF459DA3" box="[180,254,1734,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">287 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. In agreement with Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8EB68F929FD0F9DA0" box="[636,692,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
(2013) and
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B50A464FFF8EA29F929FB8E9DA0" author="Pena Cantero, A. L." box="[829,1077,1734,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1711 - 1731" refId="ref44300" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2014 a) Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the continental shelf and slope off Queen Mary Coast (East Antarctica). Polar Biology, 37, 1711 - 1731. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 014 - 1556 - 0" type="journal article" year="2014">Peña Cantero (2014a)</bibRefCitation>
, a careful re-examination of the abundant records is needed in order to assign a pattern of distribution; for now,
<taxonomicName id="4C114D22A464FFF8ED30F905FB709C7F" baseAuthorityName="Hickson &amp; Gravely" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1060,1227,1770,1793]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Rhizorhagium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
<emphasis id="B965EAB3A464FFF8ED30F905FB709C7F" box="[1060,1227,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. antarcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be tentatively considered as a species with an Antarctic-Kerguélen distribution. In spite of being a widely reported species in the whole Southern Ocean, its presence in the Weddell Sea sector had not been confirmed; the first evidence comes from the present study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>