1196 lines
129 KiB
XML
1196 lines
129 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E759F8955E6D68D0A2196292B243107D">A review of neococcid scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) based on the morphology of the adult males</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03B2EA640AF6468D2CFCFCB4FAE4D50B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3796886" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163857734" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3796886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B2EA640AF6468D2CFCFCB4FAE4D50B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B2EA640AF6468D2CFCFCB4FAE4D50B" lastPageId="223" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2CFCFCB4FE1DD413" ID-CoL="8D9" ID-ENA="30189" authority="Fallen 1814" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[151,470,825,852]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2CFCFCB4FE1DD413" bold="true" box="[151,470,825,852]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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COCCIDAE
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2D2DFCB7FE1DD413" author="Fallen" box="[326,470,825,852]" firstAuthor="Fallen" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref200467" refString="Fallen, C. F. (1814) Specimen novam Hemiptera disponendi methodum exhibens. 100 th Lundae. 26 pp." type="book" year="1814">Fallén 1814</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF6468B2CFCFCF1FE9ED356" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF6468B2CFCFCF1FB44D4D0" blockId="217.[151,1436,894,1041]" box="[151,1167,894,919]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AF6468B2CFCFCF1FE7FD4D0" box="[151,436,894,919]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2CFCFCF1FE7FD4D0" ID-CoL="3RN8" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,436,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2CFCFCF1FF29D4D1" box="[151,226,895,918]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Coccus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2C83FCF0FE7FD4D0" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[232,436,894,919]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref207283" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1 - 4. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758, 455</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF6468B2DD6FCF1FE24D4D0" box="[445,495,895,919]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2E27FCF1FCBDD4D0" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[588,886,894,919]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2E27FCF1FCD8D4D1" box="[588,787,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by subsequent designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF6468B2CFCFC13FE78D493" blockId="217.[151,1436,894,1041]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AF6468B2CFCFC13FE78D493" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AF6468B2CFCFC13FE66D4F2" box="[151,429,924,949]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2CFCFC13FE66D4F2" authority="Costa 1828a" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1828" box="[151,429,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Calymmata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2CFCFC13FEC7D4F2" box="[151,268,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Calymmata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2D78FC13FE66D4F2" author="Costa, O. G." box="[275,429,924,949]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref199676" refString="Costa, O. G. (1828 a) Prospetto di una nuova divisione metodica del genere Coccus, Lin. Lam. Ec. 100 th Dalla Tipografia Trani, Napoli, 8 pp." type="book" year="1828">
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<collectingRegion id="49DF95900AF6468B2D78FC13FE86D4F2" box="[275,333,925,949]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Costa</collectingRegion>
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||
1828a, 6
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF6468B2DDCFC10FE22D4F1" box="[439,489,926,950]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2E2CFC10FCB2D4F2" authority="Linnaeus." authorityName="Linnaeus." box="[583,889,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2E2CFC10FCC5D4F2" box="[583,782,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF6468B2F14FC10FC7AD4F1" box="[895,945,926,950]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
designation unknown. Junior synonym by community of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF6468B2D5AFC32FE96D493" box="[305,349,956,980]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF6468B2CFCFC54FE9ED356" blockId="217.[151,1436,894,1041]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B7C5C0AF6468B2CFCFC54FE9ED356" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AF6468B2CFCFC54FE53D4B4" box="[151,408,986,1011]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2CFCFC54FE53D4B4" authority="Costa 1829" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,408,986,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Calypticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2CFCFC54FEC8D4B5" box="[151,259,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Calypticus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2D61FC55FE53D4B4" author="Costa, O. G." box="[266,408,987,1011]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref199751" refString="Costa, O. G. (1829) Fauna del Regno di Napoli, famiglia de coccinigliferi, o de' gallinsetti. Emitteri, Napoli, 23 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61922" type="book" year="1829">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900AF6468B2D61FC55FE8FD4B4" box="[266,324,987,1011]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Costa</collectingRegion>
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||
1829, 8
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF6468B2DC9FC55FE1FD4B4" box="[418,468,987,1011]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2E5AFC55FC97D4B4" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[561,860,986,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2E5AFC55FD33D4B5" box="[561,760,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by subsequent designation
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B281FFC55FB21D4B4" author="Costa" box="[1140,1258,986,1011]" firstAuthor="Costa" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref199795" refString="Costa, O. G. (1835) Nuove observazioni intorno alle cocciniglie ed ai loro pretesi maschi. F. Fernandes, Napoli, 24 pp." type="book" year="1835">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DF95900AF6468B281FFC55FB65D4B4" box="[1140,1198,987,1011]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Costa</collectingRegion>
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1835
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Junior synonym,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA7D630AF6468B2CACFC76FE9AD356" box="[199,337,1016,1041]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2CACFC76FE9AD356" author="Fernald" box="[199,337,1016,1041]" firstAuthor="Fernald" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 360" refId="ref200607" refString="Fernald, M. E. (1903) A catalogue of the Coccidae of the world. Bulletin of the Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 88, 1 - 360." type="journal article" year="1903">Fernald 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF6468B2CFCFBB2FD9FD313" box="[151,596,1083,1108]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF6468B2CFCFBB2FD9FD313" blockId="217.[151,596,1083,1108]" box="[151,596,1083,1108]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
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<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF6468B2CFCFBB2FF03D313" box="[151,200,1084,1108]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Type</typeStatus>
|
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species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2D49FBB2FD9FD313" authority="Linnaeus." authorityName="Linnaeus." box="[290,596,1083,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
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<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2D49FBB2FE22D313" box="[290,489,1084,1108]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF6468B2CFCFB0FFCE5D10B" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF6468B2CFCFB0FFAC1D2FB" blockId="217.[151,1437,1153,2045]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2CFCFB0FFEFDD3DB" bold="true" box="[151,310,1153,1180]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Introduction.</emphasis>
|
||
The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2DAAFB0CFDE2D3DB" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[449,553,1154,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the third largest family in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2FF3FB0CFBF3D3DB" authorityName="Rubsaamen" authorityYear="1899" box="[920,1080,1154,1180]" infraOrder="Coccomorpha" pageId="217" pageNumber="6" rank="infraOrder">Coccomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 169 genera and 1184 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2CB9FB28FDCCD387" author="Garcia Morales" box="[210,519,1190,1217]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia Morales" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref201635" refString="Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2019) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: https: // data. nal. usda. gov / dataset / scalenet-scaleinsects-coccoidea-database (accessed 12 August 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
|
||
García Morales
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2DE1FB29FE77D387" box="[394,444,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In almost all cladistic analyses, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2FC6FB28FBDED387" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[941,1045,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2820FB28FB0DD387" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" box="[1099,1222,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister families, and together are frequently sister to a clade containing the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2F46FB44FC27D3A3" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1896" box="[813,1004,1226,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asterolecaniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2F93FB44FBAED3A3" authorityName="Lindinger" authorityYear="1937" box="[1016,1125,1226,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Kerriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kerriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B281BFB44FAC3D3A3" authorityName="Balachowsky" authorityYear="1942" box="[1136,1288,1226,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Cerococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cerococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B292BFB45FEDCD24F" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Lecanodiaspididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lecanodiaspididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and occasionally the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2E70FB60FD68D24E" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1875" box="[539,675,1262,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2ED0FB60FC79D24F" author="Gullan & Cook" box="[699,946,1262,1288]" firstAuthor="Gullan" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" pagination="413 - 425" refId="ref202599" refString="Gullan, P. J. & Cook, L. G. (2007) Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668, 413 - 425." type="journal article" year="2007">Gullan & Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2FABFB60FB1CD24F" author="Hodgson & Hardy" box="[960,1239,1262,1288]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" pagination="794 - 804" refId="ref203953" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Hardy, N. B. (2013) The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38, 794 - 804. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12030" type="journal article" year="2013">Hodgson & Hardy 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B288EFB61FF1FD26A" author="Vea & Grimaldi" firstAuthor="Vea" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" pagination="23487" refId="ref212464" refString="Vea, I. M. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2016) Putting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts. Scientific Reports, 6, 23487. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 23487" type="journal article" year="2016">Vea & Grimaldi 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The classification within this large family was last revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2FFBFA9CFB8DD26B" author="Hodgson" box="[912,1094,1298,1324]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" refId="ref203534" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who considered it was divided into 10 subfamilies, with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2D9BFAB8FD93D217" box="[496,600,1334,1360]" family="Coccinae" pageId="217" pageNumber="244" rank="family">Coccinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
including 4 tribes (Coccini, Paralecaniiini,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B283CFAB8FB10D217" box="[1111,1243,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="244" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pulvinariini">Pulvinariini</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Saissetiini). However, recent molecular studies (Kondo & Cook unpublished; Choi & Lee 2019) and the morphological study of the adult males by Hodgson and Hardy (unpublished) have cast doubt on this classification which suggest that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2CFCFA2CFF34D2FB" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[151,255,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be non-monophyletic and should possibly include the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2FC6FA2CFB98D2FB" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1939" box="[941,1107,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Micrococcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Micrococcidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B28E3FA2CFACCD2FB" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" box="[1160,1287,1442,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF6468B2CACFA48FCE5D10B" blockId="217.[151,1437,1153,2045]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
|
||
The first good description of an adult male soft scale was of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B2FE3FA48FEC5D142" authority="(Kawecki)" baseAuthorityName="Kawecki" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pomeranicum" subGenus="Eulecanium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2FE3FA48FB9CD2A7" box="[904,1111,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Parthenolecanium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2801FA48FB3BD2A7" box="[1130,1264,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Eulecanium</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2969FA49FA57D2A7" box="[1282,1436,1479,1504]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">pomeranicum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kawecki)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B2D5DFA64FE10D143" author="Theron" box="[310,475,1513,1540]" firstAuthor="Theron" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref212183" refString="Theron, J. G. (1958) Comparative studies on the morphology of male scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Annals of the University of Stellenbosch (Section A), 34, 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1958">Theron (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although he did not describe the setae. Shortly after that,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF6468B280FFA64FAE1D142" author="Giliomee" box="[1124,1322,1514,1541]" firstAuthor="Giliomee" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref201785" refString="Giliomee, J. H. (1967 a) Morphology and taxonomy of adult males of the family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 7, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">Giliomee (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the males of a further 23 species belonging to 20 genera. Since then, the adult males of about another 90–100 species of soft scale insects have been described (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF6468B2EFEF9BCFCEAD10B" box="[661,801,1586,1612]" captionStart="Appendix A" captionStartId="258.[151,262,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="Appendix A. A list of descriptions of extant adult male Coccomorpha, mainly since Theron’s pioneering work of 1958. It is unlikely to be complete, and so please contact the author if you know of others." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774368/files/figure.png" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Appendix A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF646882CACF9DBFDF3D052" lastPageId="218" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF646882CACF9DBFDF3D052" blockId="217.[151,1437,1153,2045]" lastBlockId="218.[151,1437,1175,1958]" lastPageId="218" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2CACF9DBFCC6D137" bold="true" box="[199,781,1621,1648]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Family diagnosis based on adult male morphology</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF6468B2F70F9D8FC51D137" box="[795,922,1622,1648]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 87" captionStart-1="FIGURE 88" captionStart-2="FIGURE 89" captionStart-3="FIGURE 90" captionStart-4="FIGURE 91" captionStart-5="FIGURE 92" captionStart-6="FIGURE 93" captionStart-7="FIGURE 94" captionStartId-0="223.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionStartId-1="225.[151,249,1908,1933]" captionStartId-2="227.[151,249,1910,1935]" captionStartId-3="231.[151,248,1944,1969]" captionStartId-4="233.[151,249,1809,1834]" captionStartId-5="236.[151,249,1842,1867]" captionStartId-6="238.[151,248,1966,1991]" captionStartId-7="241.[151,248,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox-0="[391,1198,755,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1430,181,1877]" captionTargetBox-2="[193,1396,192,1880]" captionTargetBox-3="[271,1306,189,1919]" captionTargetBox-4="[181,1410,189,1783]" captionTargetBox-5="[231,1359,188,1817]" captionTargetBox-6="[178,1410,237,1940]" captionTargetBox-7="[161,1423,238,1841]" captionTargetId-0="figure@223.[383,1205,754,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure@225.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetId-2="figure@227.[180,1408,181,1885]" captionTargetId-3="figure@231.[271,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure@233.[176,1410,181,1783]" captionTargetId-5="figure@236.[224,1363,181,1817]" captionTargetId-6="figure@238.[178,1410,237,1940]" captionTargetId-7="figure@241.[151,1436,237,1844]" captionTargetPageId-0="223" captionTargetPageId-1="225" captionTargetPageId-2="227" captionTargetPageId-3="231" captionTargetPageId-4="233" captionTargetPageId-5="236" captionTargetPageId-6="238" captionTargetPageId-7="241" captionText-0="FIGURE 87. Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta, E=hair-like seta, and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-1="FIGURE 88. Akermes scrobiculatus (Maskell). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-2="FIGURE 89. Akermes pinguis (Maskell). Macropterous male.(Coccidae).Where K=procoxa showing coxal bristles and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-3="FIGURE 90. Cardiococcus major (Maskell). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-4="FIGURE 91. Ctenochiton eucalypti Maskell. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-5="FIGURE 92. Ctenochiton serratus Green. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta, E=hairlike seta and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-6="FIGURE 93. Luzulaspis caricis (Ehrhorn). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." captionText-7="FIGURE 94.?Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774352" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774354" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774356" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774358" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774360" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774362" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774364" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774366" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3774352/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3774354/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3774356/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3774358/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3774360/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3774362/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3774364/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3774366/files/figure.png" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Figs 87–94</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2FC7F9D8FC39D137" bold="true" box="[940,1010,1622,1648]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Body:</emphasis>
|
||
mostly small to moderate in size; body generally fairly setose, usually with both hs and fs; fleshy setae (fs) generally easy to differentiate from hair-like setae. Body rarely with small convex pores (cp).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2E08F910FD6AD1FF" bold="true" box="[611,673,1694,1720]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: median crest (mc) well developed and reticulated. Dorsal mid-cranial ridge short or absent; ventral mid-cranial ridge (vmcr) represented by a quite long medial ridge; with hs and/or fs ventral median ridge setae (vmcrs) posterior to each scape. Genae (g) usually unsclerotised, with or without polygonal reticulations; genal setae (gs) present or absent. Eyes: generally two pairs of simple eyes, subequal in size, rarely 3–5 when more lateral eyes sometimes smaller. Ocelli (o) present, usually placed close to postocular ridge. Ocular sclerite (ocs) sclerotised,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2D71F8DCFD5AD02B" box="[282,657,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">covered in polygonal reticulations</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2ECBF8DCFB11D02B" box="[672,1242,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Preocular ridge distinct both dorsally and ventrally</emphasis>
|
||
. Postocular ridge (procr) generally well developed, occasionally not reaching ocelli.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2FE9F8F8FADED0D7" box="[898,1301,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Postoccipital ridge generally absent</emphasis>
|
||
. Interocular ridge rare.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2D7BF817FE4BD0F3" bold="true" box="[272,384,1945,1972]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2DFBF814FDEDD0F3" box="[400,550,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">10 segmented</emphasis>
|
||
(rarely 9 segmented), filiform.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2FE8F814FC11D0F3" bold="true" box="[899,986,1946,1972]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B2F82F814FB94D0F3" bold="true" box="[1001,1119,1946,1972]" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">prothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotal ridge (prnr) strong and often fused dorsally; without lateral pronotal setae; prosternum (stn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AF6468B2FC7F85EFC7FD099" attach="left" box="[940,948,2000,2014]" fontSize="6" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">1</subScript>
|
||
) either without or with only a weak median ridge but with a strong transverse ridge; with or without hs prosternal setae. Small convex pores (cp) rare (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF6468B294EF86DFA46D0BB" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[1317,1421,2019,2044]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Poropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="217" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF6468B294EF86DFA46D0BB" box="[1317,1421,2019,2044]" italics="true" pageId="217" pageNumber="218">Poropeza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882CFCFB19FEE8D3F6" bold="true" box="[151,291,1175,1201]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Mesothorax</emphasis>
|
||
: prescutal setae absent. Scutum (sct): median membranous area well developed, about twice as wide as long. Scutellar setae (scls) absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882E77FB35FC20D392" box="[540,1003,1211,1237]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Area within mesopostnotum unsclerotised</emphasis>
|
||
. Basisternum (stn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AF5468828DEFB42FB76D39D" attach="left" box="[1205,1213,1228,1242]" fontSize="6" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
|
||
) with median ridge (mdr) either well developed or represented by weak sclerotisations medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882F94FB51FADDD3BE" box="[1023,1302,1247,1273]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">without basisternal setae</emphasis>
|
||
(present on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF546882CFCFA8DFEE1D25A" authorityName="Williams & Watson" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,298,1283,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Milviscutulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882CFCFA8DFEE1D25A" box="[151,298,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Milviscutulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); lateropleurite (lpl) fairly large. Mesothoracic spiracle (sp
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AF546882FC2FA9AFC7AD265" attach="left" box="[937,945,1300,1314]" fontSize="6" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">2</subScript>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882FAAFA8DFB42D25A" box="[961,1161,1283,1309]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">without disc-pores</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF5468828FCFA8DFAEAD25A" bold="true" box="[1175,1313,1283,1309]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Metathorax</emphasis>
|
||
: with hs or fs metatergal seta (mts). Metathoracic spiracle (sp
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AF546882ED5FAB6FD0DD201" attach="left" box="[702,710,1336,1350]" fontSize="6" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">3</subScript>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882EBCFAA9FC6AD206" box="[727,929,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">without disc-pores</emphasis>
|
||
. Metasternum (stn
|
||
<subScript id="179F59370AF54688281AFAB6FBB2D201" attach="left" box="[1137,1145,1336,1350]" fontSize="6" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">3</subScript>
|
||
) lightly sclerotised. Small convex pores (cp) absent (except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF546882E7FFAC2FDB7D222" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[532,636,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Poropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882E7FFAC2FDB7D222" box="[532,636,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Poropeza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882EFEFAC4FD14D222" bold="true" box="[661,735,1354,1381]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: hyaline; without alar sensoria and usually without alar setae. Hamulohalteres (h) present or absent, with generally 1 hamulus (rarely 2 or 3).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882F9CFAE1FBE5D2CE" bold="true" box="[1015,1070,1391,1417]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: generally quite setose, with both hs and fs; some setae spur-like. Tibia (ti): with 1 apical spur (tibs). Tarsi (ta) generally 1 segmented (2 segmented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF546882CFCFA36FE81D296" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,330,1464,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pounamococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882CFCFA36FE81D296" box="[151,330,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Pounamococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) with tarsal spurs (tabs); tarsal campaniform pore (tcp) absent (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF5468828CEFA36FA93D296" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="1998" box="[1189,1368,1464,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pounamococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF5468828CEFA36FA93D296" box="[1189,1368,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Pounamococcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.); tarsal digitules (tdt) capitate. Claws (c) with or without a denticle; claw denticles capitate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF54688280EFA54FB1CD2B2" bold="true" box="[1125,1239,1498,1525]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF54688288EFA55FD4CD15E" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">caudal extension (ce) of segment VII generally well developed</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal abdominal setae (ads) hs and/or fs; pleural setae (dps and vps) hs, fs or both; ventral abdominal setae (avs) often more abundant than dorsal abdominal setae. Segment VIII:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882939F9ADFC8ED126" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">caudal extension generally present but may be rounded with a cicatrix</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882F38F9C9FB75D126" box="[851,1214,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">ante-anal setae generally present</emphasis>
|
||
; sternite (as) sclerotised, forming anterior margin to basal membranous area; without setae. Glandular pouches (gp) present or absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882CFCF900FE94D1EE" bold="true" box="[151,351,1678,1705]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Genital segments</emphasis>
|
||
: penial sheath (ps) elongate and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882EA7F91EFCCAD1EE" box="[716,769,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">stout</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882F7BF91EFB6AD1EE" box="[784,1185,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">segment IX completely fused to style</emphasis>
|
||
, articulating anteriorly with sternite of segment VIII; narrowing to a blunt, rather parallel-sided narrow style. Anus (an) often obscure,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882921F93DFE11D1B6" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">without a strongly sclerotised margin</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882D82F959FC72D1B6" box="[489,953,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Basal membranous area distinct ventrally</emphasis>
|
||
. Aedeagus (aed) quite short and broad,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882912F956FDFAD052" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">not nearly reaching apex of penial sheath</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF640BFA0AF546882CFCFBA2FB02D32E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774348/files/figure.png" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" startId="218.[151,250,1068,1093]" targetBox="[369,1219,185,1038]" targetPageId="218">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF546882CFCFBA2FB02D32E" blockId="218.[151,1437,1068,1129]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882CFCFBA2FEEAD302" bold="true" box="[151,289,1068,1093]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">FIGURE 85.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF546882D43FBA3FD7AD302" authority="(Kuwana)" baseAuthorityName="Kuwana" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[296,689,1069,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" genus="Nipponaclerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biwakoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF546882D43FBA3FD89D302" box="[296,578,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">Nipponaclerda biwakoensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kuwana)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Apterous male. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF546882F08FBA2FC1DD302" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" box="[867,982,1068,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Aclerdina) (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF5468828FAFBA2FA83D302" author="McConnell" box="[1169,1352,1068,1093]" firstAuthor="McConnell" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 121" refId="ref208272" refString="McConnell, H. S. (1954) A classification of the coccid family Aclerdidae (Coccoidea, Homoptera). Bulletin of the Maryland Agriculture Experiment Station, 75, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1954">McConnell, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Where H=antenna, I=anterior leg, J=posterior spiracle, K=metathoracic leg, and L=ventral view of penial sheath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF546882CACF891FCC2D0E2" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF546882CACF891FCC2D0E2" blockId="218.[151,1437,1175,1958]" pageId="218" pageNumber="219">
|
||
The only classification that has been suggested to-date was entirely intuitive based on the morphology of the adult female (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF546882C84F8CDFE5AD01A" author="Hodgson" box="[239,401,1859,1885]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" refId="ref203534" refString="Hodgson, C. J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: an identification manual to genera. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 639 pp." type="book" year="1994">Hodgson 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but taking into account the findings of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF546882F2BF8CDFBD8D019" author="Giliomee's" box="[832,1043,1859,1886]" firstAuthor="Giliomee's" pageId="218" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref201785" refString="Giliomee, J. H. (1967 a) Morphology and taxonomy of adult males of the family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 7, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">Giliomee’s (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
study on males. As indicated above, neither molecular studies (T. Kondo and L.G. Cook, unpublished) nor that based on adult male morphology (Hodgson & Hardy, unpublished) have supported this classification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF640BFA0AF446892CFCF8B8FD47D034" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774350" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3774350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774350/files/figure.png" pageId="219" pageNumber="220" startId="219.[151,250,1846,1871]" targetBox="[160,1423,191,1821]" targetPageId="219">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF446892CFCF8B8FD47D034" blockId="219.[151,1436,1846,1907]" pageId="219" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF446892CFCF8B8FED4D008" bold="true" box="[151,287,1846,1871]" pageId="219" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 86.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF446892D4FF8B9FCACD009" authority="Hodgson & Millar. Macropterous" authorityName="Hodgson & Millar. Macropterous" authorityYear="2002" box="[292,871,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" genus="Rhodesaclerda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="219" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insleyae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF446892D4FF8B9FDD8D008" box="[292,531,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="219" pageNumber="220">Rhodesaclerda insleyae</emphasis>
|
||
Hodgson & Millar. Macropterous
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF446892FDBF8B8FBE8D008" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1905" box="[944,1059,1846,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Aclerdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="219" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aclerdidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Rhodesaclerdinae).Where D=simple pore and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFF14FA43D7F4" box="[151,1416,153,180]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFF14FA43D7F4" blockId="220.[151,1416,153,180]" box="[151,1416,153,180]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2CFCFF14FA43D7F4" bold="true" box="[151,1416,153,180]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Key to species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2D05FF17FE2BD7F4" ID-CoL="8D9" ID-ENA="30189" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[366,480,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on adult male morphology (mainly based on published descriptions)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFF50FA57D6E4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8A0C430AF3468E2CFCFF50FA57D6E4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFF50FA57D60C" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFF50FA56D656" blockId="220.[151,1437,222,332]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFF50FA56D656" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
1. Tarsi 2 segmented. Tarsus with a tarsal campaniform pore. Fleshy setae absent on body. Glandular pouches absent. Hamulohalteres present.................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2876FF72FA56D656" ID-CoL="64227" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="1998" box="[1053,1437,251,273]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pounamococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2876FF72FB72D656" box="[1053,1209,252,273]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Pounamococcus</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFE97FA57D60C" blockId="220.[151,1437,222,332]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFE97FA57D60C" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Tarsi 1 segmented. Tarsus without a tarsal campaniform pore. Fleshy setae often present on body. Glandular pouches and hamulohateres present or absent........................................................................ 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFEFFFA57D6E4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFEFFFA57D6C1" blockId="220.[151,1436,369,420]" box="[151,1436,369,391]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFEFFFA57D6C1" box="[151,1436,369,391]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">2. Two pairs of simple eyes present, a pair dorsally and another ventrally, and generally with a pair of ocelli............... 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFE00FA57D6E4" blockId="220.[151,1436,369,420]" box="[151,1436,398,420]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFE00FA57D6E4" box="[151,1436,398,420]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Three or more pairs of simple eyes present and generally with a pair of ocelli.................................... 31</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFE45FDA2D6A1" box="[151,617,459,486]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFE45FDA2D6A1" blockId="220.[151,617,459,486]" box="[151,617,459,486]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2CFCFE45FDA2D6A1" bold="true" box="[151,617,459,486]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Species with only 2 pairs of simple eyes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFD84FA57D57A" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8A0C430AF3468E2CFCFD84FA57D57A" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFD84FA57D558" blockId="220.[151,1436,522,573]" box="[151,1436,522,544]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFD84FA57D558" box="[151,1436,522,544]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">3. Antennae 9 segmented................................................................. Myzolecaniinae … 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFDA6FA57D57A" blockId="220.[151,1436,522,573]" box="[151,1436,551,573]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFDA6FA57D57A" box="[151,1436,551,573]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Antennae 10 segmented................................................................................ 7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFDEBFDABD5C7" box="[151,608,613,640]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFDEBFDABD5C7" blockId="220.[151,608,613,640]" box="[151,608,613,640]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2CFCFDEBFDABD5C7" bold="true" box="[151,608,613,640]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Species with nine-segmented antennae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFD2DFA56D4E4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8A0C430AF3468E2CFCFD2DFA56D4E4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFD2DFA57D591" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFD2DFA57D5FE" blockId="220.[151,1436,675,727]" box="[151,1436,675,697]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFD2DFA57D5FE" box="[151,1436,675,697]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
4. Interocular ridge present..............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2862FD2DFA41D5FE" ID-CoL="6RBMN" authority="Pergande" authorityName="Pergande" box="[1033,1418,675,697]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2862FD2DFAE0D5FF" box="[1033,1323,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
Pergande
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
#
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFD4FFA57D591" blockId="220.[151,1436,675,727]" box="[151,1436,704,727]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFD4FFA57D591" box="[151,1436,704,727]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Interocular ridge absent................................................................................ 5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFD75FA57D40B" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFD75FA57D468" blockId="220.[151,1436,763,844]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFD75FA57D468" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
5. Legs truncate. Tibia subequal in length to tarsus. Tibial spur about half length of tarsus (true of both macropterous and apterous forms)...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2843FC97FA57D468" ID-CoL="4P75L" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1897" box="[1064,1436,793,815]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pseudophilippia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quaintancii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2843FC97FAF2D469" box="[1064,1337,793,814]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Pseudophilippia quaintancii</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFCB8FA57D40B" blockId="220.[151,1436,763,844]" box="[151,1436,822,844]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFCB8FA57D40B" box="[151,1436,822,844]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Legs well developed. Tibia longer than tarsus. Tibial spur much less than half length of tarsus........................ 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFCFFFA56D4E4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFCFFFA56D4C0" blockId="220.[151,1437,881,932]" box="[151,1437,881,903]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFCFFFA56D4C0" box="[151,1437,881,903]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
6. Antennal segments III–V together longer than length of penial sheath.................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2839FCFFFA56D4C0" ID-CoL="747ZR" authority="(Thro)" baseAuthorityName="Thro" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1106,1437,881,903]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Neolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cornuparvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2839FCFFFA9CD4C1" box="[1106,1367,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Neolecanium cornuparvum</emphasis>
|
||
(Thro)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFC00FA56D4E4" blockId="220.[151,1437,881,932]" box="[151,1437,910,932]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFC00FA56D4E4" box="[151,1437,910,932]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
- Antennal segments III–V together subequal to or shorter than length of penial sheath …........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E28F5FC00FAA4D4E3" ID-CoL="7Y24" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1895" box="[1182,1391,910,932]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Toumeyella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E28F5FC00FAC7D4E4" box="[1182,1292,910,931]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Toumeyella</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468E2CFCFC45FD99D4A1" box="[151,594,971,998]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFC45FD99D4A1" blockId="220.[151,594,971,998]" box="[151,594,971,998]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2CFCFC45FD99D4A1" bold="true" box="[151,594,971,998]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Species with ten-segmented antennae</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF3468C2CFCFB84FA56D640" lastPageId="222" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8A0C430AF3468C2CFCFB84FA56D640" lastPageId="222" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFB84FA57D31C" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFB84FA57D358" blockId="220.[151,1436,1034,1115]" box="[151,1436,1034,1056]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFB84FA57D358" box="[151,1436,1034,1056]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">7. Postocular ridge long, extending well past each ocellus.....................................................… 8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFBA6FA57D31C" blockId="220.[151,1436,1034,1115]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFBA6FA57D31C" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Postocular ridge short, either not nearly reaching each ocellus or only just reaching and then generally with an arm surrounding each ocellus …...................................................................................... 26</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFBF1FA57D3F4" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFBF1FA57D3D3" blockId="220.[151,1436,1151,1203]" box="[151,1436,1151,1173]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFBF1FA57D3D3" box="[151,1436,1151,1173]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">8. Fleshy setae entirely absent from body (but maybe present on antennae or legs) …................................. 9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFB13FA57D3F4" blockId="220.[151,1436,1151,1203]" box="[151,1436,1181,1203]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFB13FA57D3F4" box="[151,1436,1181,1203]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Fleshy setae present somewhere on body, often extremely abundant ….......................................... 16</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFB59FA57D24D" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFB59FA57D3AB" blockId="220.[151,1436,1239,1291]" box="[151,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFB59FA57D3AB" box="[151,1436,1239,1261]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">9. Hamulohalteres absent ….............................................................................. 10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFB7BFA57D24D" blockId="220.[151,1436,1239,1291]" box="[151,1436,1269,1291]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFB7BFA57D24D" box="[151,1436,1269,1291]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Hamulohalteres present …............................................................................. 11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFAA1FA57D2DA" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFAA1FA57D224" blockId="220.[151,1436,1327,1437]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFAA1FA57D224" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
10. Most tergites and sternites sclerotised. Scutal and scutellar setae absent. Dorsal abdominal and ventral abdominal setae absent …...........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2FAAFAC3FA57D224" ID-CoL="6BH2P" authority="Hodgson & Martin" authorityName="Hodgson & Martin" authorityYear="2001" box="[961,1436,1357,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cribropulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tailungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2FAAFAC3FB2BD225" box="[961,1248,1357,1378]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Cribropulvinaria tailungensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hodgson & Martin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFAE4FA57D2DA" blockId="220.[151,1436,1327,1437]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFAE4FA57D2DA" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
- Tergites and sternites membranous. Setae present on both scutum and scutellum. Dorsal abdominal and ventral abdominal setae present
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2D46FA06FBC1D2DB" box="[301,1034,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">….........................................................?</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2861FA09FAFDD2DA" ID-CoL="4QH99" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[1034,1334,1415,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2861FA09FB28D2DB" box="[1034,1251,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Pulvinaria dodonaeae</emphasis>
|
||
Maskell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ǂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF3468E2924FA09FA5ED2DA" box="[1359,1429,1415,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 94" captionStartId="241.[151,248,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[161,1423,238,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@241.[151,1436,237,1844]" captionTargetPageId="241" captionText="FIGURE 94.?Pulvinaria dodonaeae Maskell. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774366/files/figure.png" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCFA4CFA57D10B" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCFA4CFA57D154" blockId="220.[151,1437,1474,1613]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCFA4CFA57D154" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
11. Abdomen gradually narrowing from about segment IV to penial sheath, with almost no indication of caudal extensions on segments VII and VIII. Single alar seta present. Postmetaspiracular setae present. Mesepisternum reticulated …..........................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E28E9FA73FA57D154" ID-CoL="VK8Y" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1902" box="[1154,1436,1533,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cissococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E28E9FA73FAF2D155" box="[1154,1337,1533,1554]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Cissococcus fulleri</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF994FA57D10B" blockId="220.[151,1437,1474,1613]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCF994FA57D10B" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Abdominal segments VII and VIII with distinct caudal extensions. Alar seta absent. Postmetaspiracular setae absent. Mesepisternum not reticulated …............................................................................. 12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCF9FCFA57D1BB" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF9FCFA57D184" blockId="220.[151,1436,1650,1789]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCF9FCFA57D184" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
12. Glandular pouches absent. Caudal extensions on abdominal segment VII rounded or absent; caudal extensions on abdominal segment VIII sclerotised (possibly a cicatrix), with five hs setae. Tegular setae absent..................................................................................................... Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E28E4F923FB29D185" ID-CoL="629GP" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1902" box="[1167,1250,1709,1730]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Akermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E28E4F923FB29D185" box="[1167,1250,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Akermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. ǂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF3468E2943F923FAB9D185" box="[1320,1394,1709,1731]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="225.[151,249,1908,1933]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@225.[151,1436,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="225" captionText="FIGURE 88. Akermes scrobiculatus (Maskell). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774354" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774354/files/figure.png" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Figs 88</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF3468E2917F923FA5ED184" box="[1404,1429,1709,1731]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="227.[151,249,1910,1935]" captionTargetBox="[193,1396,192,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@227.[180,1408,181,1885]" captionTargetPageId="227" captionText="FIGURE 89. Akermes pinguis (Maskell). Macropterous male.(Coccidae).Where K=procoxa showing coxal bristles and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774356/files/figure.png" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">89</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF944FA57D1BB" blockId="220.[151,1436,1650,1789]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCF944FA57D1BB" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Glandular pouches present. Caudal extensions on abdominal segment VII distinct but short, those on abdominal segment VIII not sclerotised, with 2–4 hs setae. Tegular setae present...................................................... 13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCF8ACFA57D012" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCF8ACFA57D012" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF8ACFA57D070" blockId="220.[151,1436,1826,1877]" box="[151,1436,1826,1848]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">13. Scutal setae present. Dorsal abdominal setae present on segments I–VI. Haltere with one hamulus.................... 14</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF8CEFA57D012" blockId="220.[151,1436,1826,1877]" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">- Scutal setae absent. Other characters not in this combination.................................................. 15</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF3468E2CFCF8F4FA57D0AF" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF8F4FA56D0EA" blockId="220.[151,1437,1914,2024]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCF8F4FA56D0EA" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
14. Compound eyes relatively small. Gena with few reticulations. Ocelli touching postocular ridge............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2870F819FA52D0EA" ID-CoL="4C2GS" authority="(Targ.)" baseAuthorityName="Targ." box="[1051,1433,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Palaeolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2870F819FA84D0EB" box="[1051,1359,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Palaeolecanium bituberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
(Targ.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF3468E2CFCF83BFA57D0AF" blockId="220.[151,1437,1914,2024]" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF3468E2CFCF83BFA57D0AF" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">
|
||
- Compound eyes exceptionally large and bulging. Gena with reticulations throughout. Ocelli placed some distance from post- ocular ridge.................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF3468E2FA9F85CFA57D0AF" authority="Hodgson & Martin" authorityName="Hodgson & Martin" box="[962,1436,2002,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Fistulococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="220" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pokfulamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF3468E2FA9F85CFB17D0A0" box="[962,1244,2002,2023]" italics="true" pageId="220" pageNumber="221">Fistulococcus pokfulamensis</emphasis>
|
||
Hodgson & Martin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFF17FA57D64F" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFF17FA56D78B" blockId="221.[151,1437,153,264]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFF17FA56D78B" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
15. Tarsi very short and broad, less than half length of tibia and less than 3 times longer than wide. Dorsal abdominal setae absent on segments II–VI. Haltere often with 2 hamuli. Procoxal spurs absent..............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F282CFF39FAA4D78A" ID-CoL="6PZG" authority="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1868" box="[1095,1391,183,205]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Physokermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F282CFF39FB0DD78B" box="[1095,1222,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Physokermes</emphasis>
|
||
Targioni Tozzetti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFF5BFA57D64F" blockId="221.[151,1437,153,264]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFF5BFA57D64F" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
- Tarsi quite long and narrow, about half as long as tibia and several times longer than wide. Dorsal abdominal setae present on segments II–VI. Haltere with 1 hamulus. Procoxal spurs stout and blunt.........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F287BFF7FFAFDD640" ID-CoL="325K3" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" box="[1040,1334,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ctenochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eucalypti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F287BFF7FFB28D641" box="[1040,1251,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Ctenochiton eucalypti</emphasis>
|
||
Maskell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ǂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF2468F2924FF7FFA5ED64F" box="[1359,1429,241,264]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="233.[151,249,1809,1834]" captionTargetBox="[181,1410,189,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@233.[176,1410,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId="233" captionText="FIGURE 91. Ctenochiton eucalypti Maskell. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774360" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774360/files/figure.png" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFEA2FA57D6DE" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFEA2FA57D618" blockId="221.[151,1437,300,410]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFEA2FA57D618" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
16. Caudal extensions entirely absent. Postmesospiracular setae present but restricted to a group posterior to each anterior spiracle. Membranous area of scutum with fleshy setae...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F284BFEC7FA57D618" ID-CoL="4P98L" authority="Atkinson" authorityName="Atkinson" authorityYear="1889" box="[1056,1436,329,351]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pseudopulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sikkimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F284BFEC7FAF5D619" box="[1056,1342,329,350]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Pseudopulvinaria sikkimensis</emphasis>
|
||
Atkinson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFEE9FA57D6DE" blockId="221.[151,1437,300,410]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFEE9FA57D6DE" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Caudal extensions well developed on at least abdominal segment VIII and generally on segment VII as well. Other characters not in this combination............................................................................... 17</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFE31FA57D6B6" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFE31FA56D692" blockId="221.[151,1437,447,498]" box="[151,1437,447,469]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFE31FA56D692" box="[151,1437,447,469]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
17. Basisternal setae present......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F283CFE31FA56D692" ID-CoL="43DZC" authority="(Green)" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1111,1437,447,469]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Milviscutulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F283CFE31FA80D693" box="[1111,1355,447,468]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Milviscutulus mangiferae</emphasis>
|
||
(Green)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFE53FA57D6B6" blockId="221.[151,1437,447,498]" box="[151,1436,476,498]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFE53FA57D6B6" box="[151,1436,476,498]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Basisternal setae absent............................................................................... 18</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFD99FA57D5C3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFD99FA57D50E" blockId="221.[151,1436,535,645]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFD99FA57D50E" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">18. Interocular ridge present or postocular ridge fusing with preocular ridge. Fleshy setae present on some of abdominal segments III–VII............................................................................................ 19</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFDDCFA57D5C3" blockId="221.[151,1436,535,645]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFDDCFA57D5C3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Interocular ridge absent. Postocular ridge never fusing with preocular ridge. Fleshy setae absent from dorsal surface of abdominal segments III–VII................................................................................. 22</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFD24FA57D59B" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFD24FA57D5F8" blockId="221.[151,1436,681,733]" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFD24FA57D5F8" box="[151,1436,681,703]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">19. Glandular pouches present............................................................................ 20</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFD49FA57D59B" blockId="221.[151,1436,681,733]" box="[151,1436,711,733]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFD49FA57D59B" box="[151,1436,711,733]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Glandular pouches absent............................................................................. 21</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFC8CFA57D415" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFC8CFA57D472" blockId="221.[151,1436,769,850]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFC8CFA57D472" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
20. Genal setae present. Prosternal setae present. Abdomen with both fs and hs dorsal abdominal setae............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F282BFC91FA88D472" ID-CoL="3WHM6" authority="Ehrhorn" authorityName="Ehrhorn" box="[1088,1347,799,821]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caricis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F282BFC91FB26D473" box="[1088,1261,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Luzulaspis caricis</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrhorn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF2468F2924FC91FA5ED472" box="[1359,1429,799,821]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="238.[151,248,1966,1991]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,237,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@238.[178,1410,237,1940]" captionTargetPageId="238" captionText="FIGURE 93. Luzulaspis caricis (Ehrhorn). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774364/files/figure.png" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFCB3FA57D415" blockId="221.[151,1436,769,850]" box="[151,1436,828,850]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFCB3FA57D415" box="[151,1436,828,850]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
- Genal setae absent. Prosternal setae absent. Dorsal abdominal setae sparse and all hs.............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F28D2FCB2FAD3D416" ID-CoL="633MD" authorityName="Signoret" authorityYear="1872" box="[1209,1304,828,849]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eriopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F28D2FCB2FAD3D416" box="[1209,1304,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Eriopeltis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. Signoret
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFCF9FA57D480" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFCF9FA56D4CA" blockId="221.[151,1437,887,967]" box="[151,1437,887,909]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFCF9FA56D4CA" box="[151,1437,887,909]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
21. Postocular ridge extending to and fusing with preocular ridge just posterior to each scape...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F280DFCF9FA56D4CA" ID-CoL="4PGYM" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" authorityYear="1957" box="[1126,1437,887,909]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Psilococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F280DFCF9FAD4D4CB" box="[1126,1311,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Psilococcus parvus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFC1BFA57D480" blockId="221.[151,1437,887,967]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFC1BFA57D480" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
- Postocular ridge not fusing with preocular ridge but joined by a distinct interocular ridge just posterior to each scape....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F28E4FC3FFA57D480" ID-CoL="3WHMT" authority="(Dufour)" baseAuthorityName="Dufour" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1167,1436,945,967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Luzulaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luzulae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F28E4FC3FFA8AD481" box="[1167,1345,945,966]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Luzulaspis luzulae</emphasis>
|
||
(Dufour)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFC62FA57D37A" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFC62FA57D346" blockId="221.[151,1436,1004,1085]" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFC62FA57D346" box="[151,1436,1004,1026]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">22. Postmesospiracular setae absent. Dorsal abdominal setae all hs, fleshy setae absent................................ 23</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFB84FA57D37A" blockId="221.[151,1436,1004,1085]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFB84FA57D37A" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Postmesospiracular setae present, extending across segment just anterior to basisternum. Dorsal abdominal setae generally including abundant fleshy setae......................................................................... 25</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFBECFA57D3F6" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFBECFA56D3D3" blockId="221.[151,1437,1121,1202]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFBECFA56D3D3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
23. Glandular pouches absent. Genae with many fs setae. Prosternal setae absent. Legs well developed. Dorsospiracular setae pres- ent.........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2815FBF1FAA4D3D2" ID-CoL="4V6Z" authority="Newstead" authorityName="Newstead" box="[1150,1391,1151,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Hemilecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2815FBF1FAC1D3D3" box="[1150,1290,1151,1172]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Hemilecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Newstead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFB13FA57D3F6" blockId="221.[151,1437,1121,1202]" box="[151,1436,1180,1202]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFB13FA57D3F6" box="[151,1436,1180,1202]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Glandular pouches present. Other characters not in this combination........................................... 24</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFB59FA56D202" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFB59FA57D24D" blockId="221.[151,1437,1239,1349]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFB59FA57D24D" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
24. Genal setae absent. Aedeagus short, about half length of penial sheath. Dorsal abdominal setae all hs and setae absent from segments II and III..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2F95FB7AFA57D24D" ID-CoL="4YQLX" authority="(Fonscolombe)" baseAuthorityName="Fonscolombe" box="[1022,1436,1268,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Sphaerolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prunastri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2F95FB7AFACED24D" box="[1022,1285,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Sphaerolecanium prunastri</emphasis>
|
||
(Fonscolombe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFA9CFA56D202" blockId="221.[151,1437,1239,1349]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFA9CFA56D202" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
- Genal setae present. Aedeagus very short, a quarter or less length of penial sheath. Dorsal abdominal setae present on all segments, including segments II and III, with both fs and hs.....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2867FAA1FA56D202" authority="Gertsson & Hodgson" authorityName="Gertsson & Hodgson" box="[1036,1437,1327,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2867FAA1FB07D203" box="[1036,1228,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Pulvinaria glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
Gertsson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCFAE7FD28D2B3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFAE7FA57D2DA" blockId="221.[151,1437,1385,1525]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFAE7FA57D2DA" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
25. Scutal setae on membranous area of scutum abundant and mostly fleshy.........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2E0FFA09FCC7D2DB" ID-CoL="3L7N" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1828" box="[612,780,1415,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2E0FFA09FD1DD2DB" box="[612,726,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Ceroplastes</emphasis>
|
||
Gray
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2F2DFA09FBA8D2DA" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[838,1123,1415,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2F2DFA09FBC9D2DB" box="[838,1026,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Coccus hesperidum</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2806FA09FA58D2DA" ID-CoL="4DB6G" authority="Takahashi" authorityName="Takahashi" authorityYear="1955" box="[1133,1427,1415,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parasaissetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2806FA09FAE1D2DB" box="[1133,1322,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Parasaissetia nigra</emphasis>
|
||
Takahashi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCFA2BFD28D2B3" blockId="221.[151,1437,1385,1525]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCFA2BFD28D2B3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
- Scutal setae on membranous area of scutum all hair-like or with hair-like setae more abundant than fleshy setae...........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2C81FA4FFDF0D290" authority="(Bouche)" baseAuthorityName="Bouche" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[234,571,1473,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2C81FA4FFE1DD290" box="[234,470,1473,1495]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Parthenolecanium corni</emphasis>
|
||
(Bouché)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2E2DFA4CFCE9D290" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[582,802,1473,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parthenolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2E2DFA4CFD7AD290" box="[582,689,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">P. persicae</emphasis>
|
||
(Fabricius)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF2468F2F59FA4FFCB7D29F" box="[818,892,1473,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 87" captionStartId="223.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[391,1198,755,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@223.[383,1205,754,1884]" captionTargetPageId="223" captionText="FIGURE 87. Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta, E=hair-like seta, and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774352/files/figure.png" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Fig. 87</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2FE4FA4FFBE2D290" ID-CoL="63R6Z" authority="Sulc" authorityName="Sulc" box="[911,1065,1472,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2FE4FA4FFC3DD291" box="[911,1014,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Pulvinaria</emphasis>
|
||
Šulc
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F280CFA4FFEE0D2B2" ID-CoL="4QHG9" authority="(Vallot)" authorityName="Coccoidea" baseAuthorityName="Vallot" baseAuthorityYear="1830" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinariella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesembryanthemi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F280CFA4FFA56D291" box="[1127,1437,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi</emphasis>
|
||
(Vallot)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2D31FA51FD1AD2B3" authority="Williams et al." authorityName="Williams" box="[346,721,1503,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Prionococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontaniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2D31FA51FDF4D2B3" box="[346,575,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Prionococcus fontaniae</emphasis>
|
||
Williams
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2ECAFA51FD00D2B3" box="[673,715,1503,1524]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCF997FA57D1E3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF997FA56D12D" blockId="221.[151,1437,1561,1701]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF997FA56D12D" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
26. All fleshy setae on antennae very short and blunt, each much shorter than width of antennal segments. Fleshy setae present on legs and antennae but restricted to a group of postmetaspiracular setae on body...................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2FBDF9DAFA56D12D" authority="Hodges & Hodgson" authorityName="Hodges & Hodgson" authorityYear="2010" box="[982,1437,1620,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Phalacrococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howertoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2FBDF9DAFB1CD12E" box="[982,1239,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Phalacrococcus howertoni</emphasis>
|
||
Hodges & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF9FCFA57D1E3" blockId="221.[151,1437,1561,1701]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF9FCFA57D1E3" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Fleshy setae on antennae all much longer, each longer than width of antennal segments. Fleshy setae, if present on body, not restricted to postmetaspiracular setae.................................................................... 27</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCF944FA57D05E" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF944FA5ED198" blockId="221.[151,1437,1737,1818]" box="[151,1429,1737,1759]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF944FA5ED198" box="[151,1429,1737,1759]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">27. Small convex pores/simple pores frequent on dorsal surface of head, thorax and abdomen............................</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2C80F969FA57D05E" blockId="221.[151,1437,1737,1818]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
..................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F2863F969FA56D1BA" ID-CoL="4LYCV" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" box="[1032,1437,1767,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Poropeza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacrydii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F2863F969FB72D1BB" box="[1032,1209,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Poropeza dacrydii</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF88BFA57D05E" box="[151,1436,1796,1818]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Small convex pores/simple pores, if present, absent from thorax and abdomen................................... 28</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCF8B1FA57D036" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF8B1FA57D013" blockId="221.[151,1436,1855,1906]" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF8B1FA57D013" box="[151,1436,1855,1877]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
28. Simple pores present ventrally on head. Cicatrix present medially on dorsum of abdomen.......
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F28CEF8B1FA41D012" ID-CoL="3PQ79" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1879" box="[1189,1418,1855,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Inglisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F28CEF8B1FAFCD013" box="[1189,1335,1855,1876]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Inglisia patella</emphasis>
|
||
Maskell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
#
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF8D3FA57D036" blockId="221.[151,1436,1855,1906]" box="[151,1436,1884,1906]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF8D3FA57D036" box="[151,1436,1884,1906]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Simple pores absent from both surfaces of head. Cicatrix absent medially on dorsum of abdomen.................... 29</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<footnote id="E800477C0AF2468F2CFCF819FA57D08E" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF2468F2CFCF819FA57D08E" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF819FA56D0EA" blockId="221.[151,1437,1943,1994]" box="[151,1437,1943,1965]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF819FA56D0EA" box="[151,1437,1943,1965]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
29. Genal setae present.............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF2468F28EDF819FA56D0EA" ID-CoL="3QYRW" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1158,1437,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kalasiris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="221" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF2468F28EDF819FAF3D0EB" box="[1158,1336,1943,1964]" italics="true" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">Kalasiris depressa</emphasis>
|
||
(Maskell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF2468F2CFCF83BFA57D08E" blockId="221.[151,1437,1943,1994]" box="[151,1436,1972,1994]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF2468F2CFCF83BFA57D08E" box="[151,1436,1972,1994]" pageId="221" pageNumber="222">- Gena without setae.................................................................................. 30</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFF14FA56D640" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFF14FA5ED7E8" blockId="222.[151,1437,153,263]" box="[151,1429,153,175]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFF14FA5ED7E8" box="[151,1429,153,175]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">30. Apex of aedeagus spoon-shaped. Dorsospiracular setae absent. Tegular setae absent. Prosternal setae all hair-like setae.....</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2C80FF39FA56D640" blockId="222.[151,1437,153,263]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
...........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2811FF39FA56D78A" ID-CoL="3242P" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1146,1437,183,205]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Crystallotesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2811FF39FAF2D78B" box="[1146,1337,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Crystallotesta fusca</emphasis>
|
||
(Maskell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFF5BFA56D640" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Apex of aedeagus blunt but not spoon-shaped. Dorsospiracular setae present. Tegular setae present. Prosternal setae all fleshy setae..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C28F2FF7FFAA4D640" ID-CoL="5BND" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1882" box="[1177,1391,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Lecanochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28F2FF7FFAD7D641" box="[1177,1308,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Lecanochiton</emphasis>
|
||
Maskell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF1468C2CFCFEA1FDB3D60D" box="[151,632,303,330]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFEA1FDB3D60D" blockId="222.[151,632,303,330]" box="[151,632,303,330]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2CFCFEA1FDB3D60D" bold="true" box="[151,632,303,330]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">With more than two pairs of simple eyes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF1468D2CFCFEFAFA56D640" lastPageId="223" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FF8A0C430AF1468D2CFCFEFAFA56D640" lastPageId="223" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFEFAFA57D6E0" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFEFAFA57D6CE" blockId="222.[151,1436,372,423]" box="[151,1436,372,394]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFEFAFA57D6CE" box="[151,1436,372,394]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">31. Fleshy setae present over much of body, antennae and legs and often abundant................................... 32</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFE1CFA57D6E0" blockId="222.[151,1436,372,423]" box="[151,1436,401,423]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFE1CFA57D6E0" box="[151,1436,401,423]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- Fleshy setae on body either absent altogether or very few, generally restricted to a group of postmetaspiracular setae..... 36</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFE42FA57D57E" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFE42FA56D6B8" blockId="222.[151,1437,460,570]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFE42FA56D6B8" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
32. Segmentation between trochanter and femur absent or indistinct, particularly on metathoracic leg. With some fleshy metatergal setae present. Penial sheath narrowing abruptly just prior to apex...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C282FFE67FA56D6B8" ID-CoL="6T4Y" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[1092,1437,489,511]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Plumichiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C282FFE67FB72D6B9" box="[1092,1209,489,510]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Plumichiton</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFD89FA57D57E" blockId="222.[151,1437,460,570]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFD89FA57D57E" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- Segmentation between trochanter and femur clear and distinct. Metatergal setae rarely including fleshy setae. Penial sheath not narrowing abruptly but with apex generally more rounded................................................... 33</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFDD1FA9FD58B" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFDD1FA57D533" blockId="222.[151,1436,607,717]" box="[151,1436,607,629]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFDD1FA57D533" box="[151,1436,607,629]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">33. Postocular ridge reaching each ocellus and extending around it. Abdominal segment VIII unusually long.............. 34</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFDF3FA9FD58B" blockId="222.[151,1436,607,717]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFDF3FA9FD58B" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Postocular ridge not nearly reaching each ocellus. Abdominal segment VIII not unusually long........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2C89FD17FD81D5E8" ID-CoL="62D9K" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[226,586,665,687]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Aphenochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2C89FD17FEACD5E9" box="[226,359,665,686]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Aphenochiton</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2EE8FD17FC27D5E8" ID-CoL="3WW3" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[643,1004,665,687]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Crystallotesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2EE8FD17FCC1D5E9" box="[643,778,665,686]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Crystallotesta</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2F91FD14FBD4D5E8" authorityName="Baerensprung" authorityYear="1849" box="[1018,1055,666,687]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Coccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fagi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2F91FD14FBD4D5E8" box="[1018,1055,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">fagi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group spp.);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C28CBFD17FAA3D5E8" ID-CoL="3WYY" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1879" box="[1184,1384,665,687]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ctenochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28CBFD17FADED5E9" box="[1184,1301,665,686]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Ctenochiton</emphasis>
|
||
Maskell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2C89FD39FD87D58A" ID-CoL="4CRT" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[226,588,695,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Epelidochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2C89FD39FEA2D58B" box="[226,361,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Epelidochiton</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2EEDFD39FC6ED58A" ID-CoL="3QYRZ" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[646,933,695,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Kalasiris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2EEDFD39FCF4D58B" box="[646,831,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Kalasiris perforata</emphasis>
|
||
(Maskell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2FC5FD39FAD0D58A" ID-CoL="84RG" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[942,1307,695,717]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Umbonichiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2FC5FD39FBFCD58B" box="[942,1079,695,716]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Umbonichiton</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.*
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFD7CFA57D427" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFD7CFA57D462" blockId="222.[151,1436,753,864]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFD7CFA57D462" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">34. Gena without polygonal reticulations. Fleshy dorsal abdominal setae and fleshy dorsal pleural setae abundant on many segments. Tegular setae present........................................................................... 35</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFCA3FA57D427" blockId="222.[151,1436,753,864]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFCA3FA57D427" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Gena with polygonal reticulations. Fleshy dorsal abdominal setae and fleshy dorsal pleural setae infrequent or absent from most segments. Tegular setae absent............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2847FCC7FAFCD418" ID-CoL="325KN" authority="Green" authorityName="Green. Macropterous" authorityYear="1904" box="[1068,1335,841,863]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ctenochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2847FCC7FB3DD418" box="[1068,1270,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Ctenochiton serratus</emphasis>
|
||
Green
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ǂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF1468C2924FCC7FA5ED427" box="[1359,1429,841,864]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="236.[151,249,1842,1867]" captionTargetBox="[231,1359,188,1817]" captionTargetId="figure@236.[224,1363,181,1817]" captionTargetPageId="236" captionText="FIGURE 92. Ctenochiton serratus Green. Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis, D=fleshy seta, E=hairlike seta and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774362/files/figure.png" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFC0AFF54D348" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFC0AFA56D4F0" blockId="222.[151,1437,900,1098]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFC0AFA56D4F0" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
35. Dorsal abdominal setae including many fleshy setae. Ocular sclerite with polygonal reticulations almost fusing with those of median ridge dorsally.......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2FF7FC2FFACCD4F0" ID-CoL="3WW3" authority="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityName="Henderson & Hodgson" authorityYear="2000" box="[924,1287,929,951]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Crystallotesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2FF7FC2FFBE8D4F1" box="[924,1059,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Crystallotesta</emphasis>
|
||
Henderson & Hodgson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C297FFC2CFA9FD4F0" ID-CoL="3242V" authorityName="Hodgson & Henderson" authorityYear="2000" box="[1300,1364,930,951]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Crystallotesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C297FFC2CFA9FD4F0" box="[1300,1364,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">ornata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-group)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFC31FF54D348" blockId="222.[151,1437,900,1098]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFC31FF54D348" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Dorsal abdominal setae very few and all hair-like setae. Ocular sclerite with polygonal reticulations poorly developed and not nearly reaching median ridge dorsally...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2830FC52FA5BD4B5" ID-CoL="3PQ7C" authority="(Newstead)" baseAuthorityName="Newstead" box="[1115,1424,988,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Inglisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2830FC52FAD7D4B6" box="[1115,1308,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Inglisia theobromae</emphasis>
|
||
(Newstead)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ǂ -
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFB99FA57D30E" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFB99FA57D36B" blockId="222.[151,1437,900,1098]" box="[151,1436,1047,1069]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFB99FA57D36B" box="[151,1436,1047,1069]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">36. Hamulohalteres absent................................................................................ 37</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFBBBFA57D30E" blockId="222.[151,1437,900,1098]" box="[151,1436,1076,1098]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFBBBFA57D30E" box="[151,1436,1076,1098]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- Hamulohalteres present............................................................................... 40</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFBE1FA57D3E5" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFBE1FA57D3C3" blockId="222.[151,1436,1135,1186]" box="[151,1436,1135,1157]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFBE1FA57D3C3" box="[151,1436,1135,1157]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">37. Fleshy setae few, entirely absent from body although usually present on antennae and legs.......................... 38</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CF6FB03FA57D3E5" blockId="222.[151,1436,1135,1186]" box="[157,1436,1164,1186]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CF6FB03FA57D3E5" box="[157,1436,1164,1186]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Fleshy setae present but restricted to a group of postmetaspiracular setae...................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C28E1FB02FA57D3E5" ID-CoL="4HCX7" authority="(Kalt.)" baseAuthorityName="Kalt." box="[1162,1436,1164,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Phyllostroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrtilli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28E1FB02FA9CD3E6" box="[1162,1367,1164,1185]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Phyllostroma myrtilli</emphasis>
|
||
(Kalt.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFB49FA57D3BE" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFB49FA56D39A" blockId="222.[151,1437,1223,1274]" box="[151,1437,1223,1245]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFB49FA56D39A" box="[151,1437,1223,1245]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
38. Gena lightly polygonally reticulated. Postocular ridge short, not reaching ocelli.....
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C285BFB49FA56D39A" ID-CoL="FD4W" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1072,1437,1223,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Aphenochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inconspicuus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C285BFB49FAF2D39B" box="[1072,1337,1223,1244]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Aphenochiton inconspicuus</emphasis>
|
||
(Maskell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFB6BFA57D3BE" blockId="222.[151,1437,1223,1274]" box="[151,1436,1252,1274]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFB6BFA57D3BE" box="[151,1436,1252,1274]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- Gena without reticulations. Postocular ridge longer, extending dorsally past ocelli................................. 39</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFA91FA57D215" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFA91FA56D273" blockId="222.[151,1437,1311,1362]" box="[151,1437,1311,1333]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFA91FA56D273" box="[151,1437,1311,1333]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
39. Dorsal mid-cranial ridge absent. Tegular setae present................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2812FA91FAA4D272" ID-CoL="63KBN" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1899" box="[1145,1391,1311,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Parafairmairia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2812FA91FAC7D273" box="[1145,1292,1311,1332]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Parafairmairia</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFAB3FA57D215" blockId="222.[151,1437,1311,1362]" box="[151,1436,1339,1362]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFAB3FA57D215" box="[151,1436,1339,1362]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Dorsal mid-cranial ridge long and well developed. Tegular setae absent..........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2864FAB2FAFCD215" ID-CoL="R5B4" authority="(Maskell)" baseAuthorityName="Maskell" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[1039,1335,1340,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Cardiococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2864FAB2FB18D215" box="[1039,1235,1340,1362]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Cardiococcus major</emphasis>
|
||
(Maskell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ǂ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132047F70AF1468C2924FAB2FA5ED215" box="[1359,1429,1340,1362]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="231.[151,248,1944,1969]" captionTargetBox="[271,1306,189,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@231.[271,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="231" captionText="FIGURE 90. Cardiococcus major (Maskell). Macropterous male. (Coccidae). Where A=cranial apophysis and R=dermal reticulations on ocular sclerite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3774358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3774358/files/figure.png" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFAF9FA57D2EE" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFAF9FA57D2CB" blockId="222.[151,1436,1399,1450]" box="[151,1436,1399,1421]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFAF9FA57D2CB" box="[151,1436,1399,1421]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">40. With 3 pairs of simple eyes............................................................................ 41</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFA1BFA57D2EE" blockId="222.[151,1436,1399,1450]" box="[151,1436,1428,1450]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFA1BFA57D2EE" box="[151,1436,1428,1450]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- With 4 or 5 pairs of simple eyes........................................................................ 42</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCFA41FA56D17A" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCFA41FA56D145" blockId="222.[151,1437,1487,1597]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCFA41FA56D145" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
41. Simple eyes much enlarged, ventral pairs touching. Antennal setae subequal to or longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28E9FA41FB75D2A3" box="[1154,1214,1487,1508]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">length</emphasis>
|
||
of respective antennal segments......................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C28FEFA62FAA4D145" ID-CoL="6NCR" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[1173,1391,1516,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Philephedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28FEFA62FAC7D146" box="[1173,1292,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Philephedra</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF984FA56D17A" blockId="222.[151,1437,1487,1597]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF984FA56D17A" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Simple eyes not greatly enlarged and not touching. Antennal setae much shorter, no more than twice
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28A8F987FB33D159" box="[1219,1272,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">width</emphasis>
|
||
of antennal segments..................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C282FF9A9FA56D17A" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1092,1437,1575,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Nemolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abietus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C282FF9A9FAD4D17B" box="[1092,1311,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Nemolecanium abietus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCF9ECFA57D1D2" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF9ECFA57D130" blockId="222.[151,1436,1633,1685]" box="[151,1436,1633,1655]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF9ECFA57D130" box="[151,1436,1633,1655]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">42. With 4 pairs of simple eyes............................................................................ 43</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF9F1FA57D1D2" blockId="222.[151,1436,1633,1685]" box="[151,1436,1663,1685]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF9F1FA57D1D2" box="[151,1436,1663,1685]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- With 5 pairs of simple eyes............................................................................ 45</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCF934FA57D04E" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF934FA56D188" blockId="222.[151,1437,1721,1802]" box="[151,1437,1721,1743]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF934FA56D188" box="[151,1437,1721,1743]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">43. A group of simple pores present posterior to pronotal sclerite on prothorax. Each haltere with 1 hamulus. Scutal setae present.</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2C89F959FA57D04E" blockId="222.[151,1437,1721,1802]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
Ventral arms of preocular ridge almost meeting. Gena with polygonal reticulations............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C28F5F959FAB0D1AA" ID-CoL="RNR" authority="Hempel" authorityName="Hempel" authorityYear="1921" box="[1182,1403,1751,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Alecanochiton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28F5F959FAE2D1AB" box="[1182,1321,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Alecanochiton</emphasis>
|
||
Hempel
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF97BFA57D04E" box="[151,1436,1780,1802]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">- Simple pores absent. Each haltere with 2 hamuli. Other characters not in this combination.......................... 44</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCF8A1FA56D025" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF8A1FA56D002" blockId="222.[151,1437,1839,1890]" box="[151,1437,1839,1861]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF8A1FA56D002" box="[151,1437,1839,1861]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
44. Dorsal and ventral simple eyes each more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE3F6970AF1468C2EC3F8A1FD2DD003" box="[680,742,1839,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide..........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C280FF8A1FA56D002" ID-CoL="3C9ZN" authority="(Kuwana)" baseAuthorityName="Kuwana" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1124,1437,1839,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kunoense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C280FF8A1FAFDD003" box="[1124,1334,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Eulecanium kunoense</emphasis>
|
||
(Kuwana)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF8C3FA56D025" blockId="222.[151,1437,1839,1890]" box="[151,1437,1868,1890]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF8C3FA56D025" box="[151,1437,1868,1890]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Dorsal and ventral simple eyes each less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE3F6970AF1468C2EF0F8C2FD12D025" box="[667,729,1868,1890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 µm</quantity>
|
||
wide.............................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C2817F8C2FAA4D025" ID-CoL="642BY" authority="Borchenius" authorityName="Borchenius" box="[1148,1391,1868,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Rhodococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2817F8C2FB37D026" box="[1148,1276,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Rhodococcus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF1468C2CFCF809FA57D0B2" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2CFCF809FA5ED0DB" blockId="222.[151,1436,1927,2037]" box="[151,1429,1927,1949]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF809FA5ED0DB" box="[151,1429,1927,1949]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
45. Setae on legs and antennae extremely long, length subequal to
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2F56F809FCB2D0DB" box="[829,889,1927,1948]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">length</emphasis>
|
||
of most antennal segments. Without alar setae........
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF1468C2C80F82BFA57D0B2" blockId="222.[151,1436,1927,2037]" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
..................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF1468C28A6F82BFA57D0FD" ID-CoL="6GN9J" authority="(Chav.)" baseAuthorityName="Chav." box="[1229,1436,1956,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ericerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="222" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pela">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C28A6F82BFA84D0FE" box="[1229,1359,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">Ericerus pela</emphasis>
|
||
(Chav.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF1468C2CFCF84CFA57D0B2" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">
|
||
- Setae on legs and antennae much shorter, never more than about 2x
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF1468C2F13F84FFC66D091" box="[888,941,1985,2006]" italics="true" pageId="222" pageNumber="223">width</emphasis>
|
||
of most antennal segments. With or without 1 or 2 alar setae.......................................................................................... 46
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EF43D70AF0468D2CFCFF17FA56D640" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF0468D2CFCFF17FA57D7E8" blockId="223.[151,1437,153,263]" box="[151,1436,153,175]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF0468D2CFCFF17FA57D7E8" box="[151,1436,153,175]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">46. Scutal seta absent. Antennae short, less than half body length. Postmetaspiracular setae, if present, all hs. 1 or 2 alar setae pres-</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF0468D2C89FF39FA56D640" blockId="223.[151,1437,153,263]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
ent...........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D28F2FF39FAA4D78A" ID-CoL="4FSQ" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1893" box="[1177,1391,183,205]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D28F2FF39FAC7D78B" box="[1177,1292,183,204]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Eulecanium</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<keyLead id="30EAF8470AF0468D2CFCFF5BFA56D640" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
- Scutal seta present. Antennae long, more than half body length. With both fs and hs postmetaspiracular. Alar setae absent.... ..............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D28F7FF7FFA56D640" ID-CoL="6J2P9" authority="(Signoret)" baseAuthorityName="Signoret" box="[1180,1437,241,263]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Filippia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viburni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D28F7FF7FFAFED641" box="[1180,1333,241,262]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Filippia viburni</emphasis>
|
||
(Signoret)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30108F90AF0468D2CFCFEB8FAE4D50B" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF0468D2CFCFEB8FD4BD6DF" blockId="223.[151,1436,310,589]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D2CFCFEB8FF13D617" bold="true" box="[151,216,310,336]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
*The males of these groups of taxa are morphologically very similar, differing in fairly small character-states, the taxonomic significance of which is uncertain. For species identification within these groups, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF0468D295FFED4FF25D6DE" author="Giliomee" firstAuthor="Giliomee" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref201785" refString="Giliomee, J. H. (1967 a) Morphology and taxonomy of adult males of the family Coccidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, Supplement 7, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="a">Giliomee (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A26830AF0468D2D4EFEF0FDB7D6DF" author="Hodgson & Henderson" box="[293,636,382,408]" firstAuthor="Hodgson" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" pagination="1 - 229" refId="ref204178" refString="Hodgson, C. J. & Henderson, R. C. (2004) Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea): adult males, pupae and prepupae of indigenous species. Fauna of New Zealand, No. 51, 1 - 229." type="book chapter" year="2004">Hodgson & Henderson (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF0468D2CFCFE2FFDB0D543" blockId="223.[151,1436,310,589]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
ǂ These species are not congeneric with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF0468D2E16FE2DFD66D6FA" box="[637,685,419,445]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus. In the case of the five species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C1BE20AF0468D2945FE2CFA53D6FB" box="[1326,1432,418,444]" name="Australia" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D2D50FE48FE68D6A7" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1814" box="[315,419,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Coccidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are in the process of being revised (Gullan & Hodgson,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D2877FE49FBB8D6A7" box="[1052,1139,455,480]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">in prep.</emphasis>
|
||
) and will be transferred to new genera once the revision is completed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA45B720AF0468D2CFCFD81FAE4D50B" blockId="223.[151,1436,310,589]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
#
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D2CC7FD80FE45D56F" box="[172,398,526,552]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Inglisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobromae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D2CC7FD80FE45D56F" box="[172,398,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Inglisia theobromae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D2EFFFD81FD32D56F" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1879" box="[660,761,526,552]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Inglisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D2EFFFD81FD32D56F" box="[660,761,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">I. patella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF0468D2F5BFD81FCABD56E" box="[816,864,527,553]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D2FB6FD80FBF8D56F" authorityName="Maskell" authorityYear="1879" box="[989,1075,526,552]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Inglisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D2FB6FD80FBF8D56F" box="[989,1075,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Inglisia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; likewise,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D28C6FD80FECFD50B" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrofasciatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D28C6FD80FECFD50B" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">Mesolecanium nigrofasciatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not congeneric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D2E61FDBDFC68D50A" authority="(Cockerell & Parrott)" authorityName=", in Cockerell" authorityYear="1903" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell & Parrott" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[522,931,562,589]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nocturnum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D2E61FDBDFD63D50B" box="[522,680,563,588]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">M. nocturnum</emphasis>
|
||
(Cockerell & Parrott)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A0E5D00AF0468D2FBDFDBDFBCDD50A" box="[982,1030,563,589]" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96F87600AF0468D28EFFDBCFAE4D50B" box="[1156,1327,562,588]" italics="true" pageId="223" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B20F10AF0468D28EFFDBCFAE0D50B" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1902" box="[1156,1323,562,588]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Mesolecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="223" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesolecanium</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |