433 lines
50 KiB
XML
433 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4763933" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58290d73-cba4-45c8-9f22-2c88a5d147cd" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182075145" ID-ISSN="1854-0392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4763933" checkinTime="1620961835893" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lee, Jonathan J. & Baumann, Richard W." docDate="2011" docId="039F87F49976FFF1FC1FF919FD834B91" docLanguage="en" docName="Illiesia.7.20.192-196.pdf" docOrigin="Illiesia 7 (20)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F.3:Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleId="3ED4ECBC8873166DC296BE619562C54F" docStyleName="Illiesia.2009-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Mesocapnia aptera Lee & Baumann 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="195" masterDocId="FFA6FF8C9976FFF2FFC4FF81FFB14E20" masterDocTitle="Mesocapnia Aptera (Plecoptera: Capniidae) A New Wingless Winter Stonefly From Northern California, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="196" masterPageNumber="192" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" updateTime="1643550850108" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Mesocapnia Aptera (Plecoptera: Capniidae) A New Wingless Winter Stonefly From Northern California, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lee, Jonathan J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baumann, Richard W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, U. S. A. 84602 E-mail: richard _ baumann @ byu. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">richard_baumann@byu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Illiesia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>192</mods:start>
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<mods:end>196</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760295</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">58290d73-cba4-45c8-9f22-2c88a5d147cd</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1854-0392</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4760295</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4763933" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182075145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4763933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87F49976FFF1FC1FF919FD834B91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87F49976FFF1FC1FF919FD834B91" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">
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<subSubSection box="[987,1291,1688,1712]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="0.[987,1291,1688,1712]" box="[987,1291,1688,1712]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[987,1291,1688,1712]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" reason="2">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1291,1688,1712]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lee & Baumann, 2011" authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[987,1213,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[987,1213,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">Mesocapnia aptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1227,1291,1688,1712]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[1081,1197,1724,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[1081,1197,1724,1748]" box="[1081,1197,1724,1748]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1089,1189,1724,1748]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">Figs. 1-6</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[835,1443,1794,1926]" lastBlockId="1.[189,798,225,1921]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1078,1795,1819]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111726301" collectingDate="2011-01-17" collectorName="J. J. Lee" country="United States of America" county="Mendocino Co." lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="193" location="Burger Creek" municipality="upper Burger Creek" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[1092,1204,1795,1819]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[1217,1237,1794,1819]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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and
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<typeStatus box="[1307,1403,1795,1819]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">allotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[1417,1437,1794,1819]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[835,893,1831,1855]" name="United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[914,1035,1831,1855]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty box="[1057,1251,1831,1855]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">Mendocino Co.</collectingCounty>
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, spring, upper
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87F49976FFF1FC1FF919FD834B91:8EE960399976FFF2FC87F8CAFC504943" box="[835,993,1867,1891]" country="United States of America" county="Mendocino Co." municipality="upper Burger Creek" name="Burger Creek" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" stateProvince="California">Burger Creek</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation pageId="0" pageNumber="192">
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Dos Rios Road approximately
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<quantity box="[1365,1443,1866,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5 km</quantity>
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east of Laytonville
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</locationDeviation>
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,
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<date box="[1074,1181,1902,1926]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" value="2011-01-17">
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<collectingDate box="[1074,1181,1902,1926]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192" value="2011-01-17">17-I-2011</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1197,1279,1903,1926]" pageId="0" pageNumber="192">J.J. Lee</collectorName>
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, deposited at the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111726303" collectingDate="2011-01-17" collectorName="J. J. Lee" country="United States of America" county="Mendocino Co." location="Laytonville" municipality="upper Burger Creek" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="24" specimenCount-female="17" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[327,446,261,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: same data as holotype,
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<specimenCount box="[757,791,259,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[189,236,295,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="female">17♀</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111726302" box="[249,669,295,320]" collectingDate="2011-02-07" collectorName="J. J. Lee" country="United States of America" county="Mendocino Co." location="Laytonville" municipality="upper Burger Creek" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="10" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="paratype">
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same locality,
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<date box="[415,520,296,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" value="2011-02-07">
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<collectingDate box="[415,520,296,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" value="2011-02-07">7-II-2011</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[530,611,296,319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">J.J. Lee</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[621,669,295,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus box="[681,797,296,320]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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deposited at the Brigham Young University Collection and the Jonathan J. Lee Collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,798,225,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,258,402,426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Male.</emphasis>
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Apterous, body length 4.0–5.0 mm. Body and appendages brown to dark brown, bearing numerous short setae. Antennae elongate, approximately same length as body. Pronotum with dark brown rugosities, meso-metanota with pair of shallow depressions centered in posterior quadrants of discs. Mesothoracic postfurcasternal plates separated from spinasternum. Abdominal terga with narrow, anterior dark brown band, segments 7-9 bearing stronger setae than anterior segments; segments 1-9 unmodified, tergum 10 cleft. Epiproct reflexed, extending to middle of segment 9 (
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<figureCitation box="[612,750,793,818]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Figs. 1, 2, 5</figureCitation>
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); in dorsal aspect epiproct broad (
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<figureCitation box="[539,603,829,853]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), nearly parallel sided but widest at 3/4 distance from base to apex, length about 4 times greatest width; posterior portion slightly narrowed from broad base, gradually widening to anterior 1/4 then tapering to acute, apicomedian spine; spine with dorsomedial groove evident in SEM micrographs (
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<figureCitation box="[554,666,1042,1066]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
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). In lateral aspect (
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<figureCitation box="[287,362,1078,1102]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) epiproct narrow, slightly convex dorsally, straight ventrally, apical spine in line ventrally. Cerci elongate, approaching abdomen length, at least 13 segments, segments bearing short setae and one stronger distoventral seta.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,798,225,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,283,1255,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Female.</emphasis>
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Apterous, body length 5.0–7.0 mm. Body coloration and external morphology similar to male but lacking dark abdominal segment banding and stronger setae on segments 7-9. Abdominal terga fully sclerotized. Posterior margin of sternum 8 recessed medially to pleural folds (
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<figureCitation box="[602,669,1433,1457]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), posterior border of subgenital plate ranging from slight median process to distinct blunt median point (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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); anteromedian recessed area present; distinct thin, pale band usually evident from anterior recessed area to posteromedian process, pale band lacking setae as shown by SEM micrograph (
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<figureCitation box="[610,673,1646,1670]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[249,1383,251,1385]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1-6. Mesocapnia aptera: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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). The band is always present, represented by an absence of setae, even though not pale in every case.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,798,225,1921]" box="[189,396,1753,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,264,1753,1777]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Larva.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,798,225,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,327,1789,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet emphasizes the complete absence of wings in both sexes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[189,798,225,1921]" lastBlockId="1.[835,1444,225,1919]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,319,1860,1884]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[324,522,1861,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
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<emphasis box="[324,522,1861,1884]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Mesocapnia aptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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superficially resembles the western North American genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanson" authorityYear="1946" box="[604,724,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[604,724,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Paracapnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on its small size, coloration, and lack of wings. Males can be easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanson" authorityYear="1946" box="[1238,1358,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1238,1358,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Paracapnia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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by the apex of the epiproct that bears a small, stout spine typical of the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[1123,1250,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1123,1250,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Mesocapnia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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. The apterous condition will separate
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1137,1249,368,391]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
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<emphasis box="[1137,1249,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from all other described
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<taxonomicName box="[965,1092,403,426]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[965,1092,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Mesocapnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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south of
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<collectingRegion box="[1228,1312,402,426]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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. We were unable to examine
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ricker" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1060,1152,438,462]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">
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<emphasis box="[1060,1152,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. bergi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for this study, however, the second author previously examined the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1349,1412,474,498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Baumann and Gaufin 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[835,1273,509,533]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,928,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. bergi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann, R. W. & A. R. Gaufin" box="[944,1266,509,533]" firstAuthor="Baumann" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" pagination="435 - 468" part="96" refId="ref1943" refString="Baumann, R. W. and A. R. Gaufin. 1970. The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 96: 435 - 468." title="The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae)" type="book" year="1970">Baumann and Gaufin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Details of the epiproct shape will separate
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1171,1275,545,568]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1171,1275,545,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1345,1436,544,568]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1345,1436,544,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. bergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The epiproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1022,1126,581,604]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1022,1126,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broader in dorsal aspect and narrower in lateral aspect than the epiproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bergi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. bergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We examined the epiprocts of four additional
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[835,1063,686,710]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,962,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Mesocapnia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using SEM micrographs and calculated the length to greatest width ratios. The species examined were
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Baumann and Gaufin 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autumna">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1259,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. autumna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann, R. W. & A. R. Gaufin" firstAuthor="Baumann" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" pagination="435 - 468" part="96" refId="ref1943" refString="Baumann, R. W. and A. R. Gaufin. 1970. The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 96: 435 - 468." title="The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae)" type="book" year="1970">Baumann and Gaufin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Baumann and Gaufin 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[998,1439,793,817]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frisoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[998,1104,793,817]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. frisoni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann, R. W. & A. R. Gaufin" box="[1117,1430,793,817]" firstAuthor="Baumann" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" pagination="435 - 468" part="96" refId="ref1943" refString="Baumann, R. W. and A. R. Gaufin. 1970. The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 96: 435 - 468." title="The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae)" type="book" year="1970">Baumann and Gaufin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Jewett 1954 a)" baseAuthorityName="Jewett" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[835,1131,829,853]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porrecta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,960,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. porrecta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jewett" box="[972,1123,829,853]" firstAuthor="Jewett" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" pagination="543 - 549" refId="ref2140" refString="Jewett, S. G. 1954 a. New stoneflies (Plecoptera) from western North America. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board Canada, 11: 543 - 549." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="a">Jewett 1954a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Baumann and Gaufin 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoloensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1189,1320,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. yoloensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann, R. W. & A. R. Gaufin" firstAuthor="Baumann" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" pagination="435 - 468" part="96" refId="ref1943" refString="Baumann, R. W. and A. R. Gaufin. 1970. The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 96: 435 - 468." title="The Capnia projecta complex of western North America (Plecoptera: Capniidae)" type="book" year="1970">Baumann and Gaufin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The epiproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Baumann and Gaufin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1228,1332,864,888]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frisoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1332,864,888]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. frisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[955,1059,900,923]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[955,1059,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in shape and ratio with a length to width ratio of 6.4 compared to 4.0 for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1330,1436,936,959]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1330,1436,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[931,1039,972,995]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[931,1039,972,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other described western North American
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1314,1438,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Capniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kondratieff and Lee 2010" authorityName="Kondratieff and Lee" authorityYear="2010" box="[916,1439,1042,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1147,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Paracapnia baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff and Lee" box="[1152,1439,1042,1066]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" pagination="206 - 209" refId="ref2259" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. and J. J. Lee. 2010. A new species of Paracapnia from California (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Illiesia, 6: 206 - 209." type="journal article" year="2010">Kondratieff and Lee 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the apterous condition and complete sclerotization of abdominal terga.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1242,1443,1114,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1242,1443,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Mesocapnia aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondratieff and Lee" authorityYear="2010" box="[894,1039,1148,1172]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1039,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">P. baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females strongly resemble each other but close examination of the subgenital plate will separate them. The subgenital plate of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1339,1443,1220,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1339,1443,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a posteromedian bluntly pointed process and a longitudinal, pale median stripe, while the subgenital plate of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondratieff and Lee" authorityYear="2010" box="[928,1064,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1064,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">P. baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks these characters. For female
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[835,961,1362,1385]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,961,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens lacking a well-defined subgenital plate process and obvious pale stripe, associated males may be needed for a positive determination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[835,1444,225,1919]" lastBlockId="2.[189,798,1646,1919]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1037,1503,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[1045,1246,1504,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1045,1246,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="193">Mesocapnia aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens were collected along a spring creek flowing through a meadow at an elevation of ca. 730 meters. The spring creek channel, on
|
||
<date box="[1057,1251,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" value="2011-01-17">17 January 2011</date>
|
||
, was one meter wide with poorly defined, extended marshy margins. On
|
||
<date box="[880,1075,1682,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="193" value="2011-02-07">7 February 2011</date>
|
||
, after an extended dry period, water had receded from the marshy margins and was present only in the meter wide channel. The climate in the region is semi-Mediterranean. Normally, summers are warm and dry; winters are wet with most of the precipitation falling from November- April. We do not know if this spring creek is perennial. Stoneflies collected with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[602,705,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[602,705,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">M. aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Jewett 1954 b)" baseAuthorityName="Jewett" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[189,684,1681,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Bolshecapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,458,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Bolshecapnia maculata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jewett" box="[498,676,1681,1705]" firstAuthor="Jewett" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="167 - 179" refId="ref2173" refString="Jewett, S. G. 1954 b. New stoneflies from California and Oregon (Plecoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 30: 167 - 179." type="journal article" year="1954" yearSuffix="b">Jewett 1954b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hitchcock 1958" authorityName="Hitchcock" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Capnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrituberosa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Capnia quadrituberosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hitchcock" box="[372,569,1717,1741]" firstAuthor="Hitchcock" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref2119" refString="Hitchcock, S. H. 1958. New California Plecoptera. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 34: 77 - 80." type="journal article" year="1958">Hitchcock 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an as yet undetermined member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Claassen" authorityYear="1924" box="[590,798,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Capnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[590,798,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Capnia californica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4760297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4760297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4760297/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" startId="2.[189,241,1468,1492]" targetBox="[249,1383,251,1385]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[189,1443,1468,1563]" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">
|
||
Figs. 1-6.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[309,513,1469,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,513,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Mesocapnia aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsal. 2. Male terminalia, epiproct, lateral. 3. Epiproct spine, dorsal. 4. Epiproct apex, dorsolateral. 5. Male terminalia, epiproct, dorsolateral. 6. Female subgenital plate, ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[189,798,1646,1919]" lastBlockId="3.[189,798,225,1457]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="195" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,304,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Six additional apterous capniids are known from northern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[521,642,1859,1883]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, including:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Jewett 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Jewett" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[189,538,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disala">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,378,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Paracapnia disala</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jewett" box="[391,530,1895,1919]" firstAuthor="Jewett" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref2201" refString="Jewett, S. G. 1962. New stoneflies and records from the Pacific Coast of the United States. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 38: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="1962">Jewett 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jewett 1965" authorityName="Jewett" authorityYear="1965" box="[548,889,1646,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Capnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacustra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[548,717,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Capnia lacustra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jewett" box="[723,889,1646,1918]" firstAuthor="Jewett" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref2231" refString="Jewett, S. G. 1965. Four new stoneflies from California and Oregon (Plecoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 41: 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1965">Jewett 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(known only from Lake Tahoe and not examined for this study),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Nelson and Baumann 1990" authorityName="Nelson and Baumann" authorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Capnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fialai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1153,1293,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Capnia fialai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nelson and Baumann" firstAuthor="Nelson" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="301 - 306" refId="ref2295" refString="Nelson, C. R. and R. W. Baumann. 1990. New winter stoneflies (Plecoptera: Capniidae) from the Coast Range of California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 66: 301 - 306." type="journal article" year="1990">Nelson and Baumann 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stark and Baumann 2004" authorityName="Stark and Baumann" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1202,1717,1741]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Paracapnia boris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stark and Baumann" firstAuthor="Stark" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="96 - 108" refId="ref2509" refString="Stark, B. P. and R. W. Baumann. 2004. The winter stonefly genus Paracapnia (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, 2: 96 - 108." type="journal article" year="2004">Stark and Baumann 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Baumann and Lee 2007" authorityName="Baumann and Lee" authorityYear="2007" box="[905,1438,1752,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[905,1148,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Paracapnia humboldta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann and Lee" box="[1157,1438,1752,1776]" firstAuthor="Baumann" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref1985" refString="Baumann, R. W. and J. J. Lee. 2007. Paracapnia humboldta (Plecoptera: Capniidae), a new winter stonefly from northern California, U. S. A. Illiesia, 3: 17 - 19." type="journal article" year="2007">Baumann and Lee 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondratieff and Lee" authorityYear="2010" box="[887,1121,1788,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[887,1121,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="194">Paracapnia baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The males of these species are easily separated by epiproct shape. In females, the degree of abdominal tergal sclerotization may be of value as a taxonomic character.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jewett" box="[1226,1373,1894,1918]" firstAuthor="Jewett" pageId="2" pageNumber="194" pagination="15 - 20" refId="ref2201" refString="Jewett, S. G. 1962. New stoneflies and records from the Pacific Coast of the United States. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 38: 15 - 20." type="journal article" year="1962">Jewett (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jewett" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[412,604,225,249]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disala">
|
||
<emphasis box="[412,604,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Paracapnia disala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was apparently unique in the complete sclerotization of the first abdominal tergite. This character holds for known western apterous
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hanson" authorityYear="1946" box="[429,549,332,355]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[429,549,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Paracapnia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for
|
||
<emphasis box="[692,798,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nelson and Baumann" authorityYear="1990" box="[692,794,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Capnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fialai">C. fialai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann and Lee" authorityYear="2007" box="[359,508,367,391]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[359,508,367,391]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">P. humboldta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have complete sclerotization of the eighth abdominal tergite (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baumann and Lee" box="[197,479,438,462]" firstAuthor="Baumann" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref1985" refString="Baumann, R. W. and J. J. Lee. 2007. Paracapnia humboldta (Plecoptera: Capniidae), a new winter stonefly from northern California, U. S. A. Illiesia, 3: 17 - 19." type="journal article" year="2007">Baumann and Lee 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a character also noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hanson" box="[189,360,473,497]" firstAuthor="Hanson" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" pagination="193 - 249" refId="ref2090" refString="Hanson, J. F. 1946. Comparative morphology and taxonomy of the Capniidae (Plecoptera). American Midland Naturalist, 35: 193 - 249." type="journal article" year="1946">Hanson (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for some
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[480,687,473,497]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Allocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[480,596,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Allocapnia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in eastern North America.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kondratieff and Lee" authorityYear="2010" box="[468,702,509,533]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Paracapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baumanni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,702,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Paracapnia baumanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have all abdominal terga completely sclerotized (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kondratieff and Lee" box="[197,504,580,604]" firstAuthor="Kondratieff" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" pagination="206 - 209" refId="ref2259" refString="Kondratieff, B. C. and J. J. Lee. 2010. A new species of Paracapnia from California (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Illiesia, 6: 206 - 209." type="journal article" year="2010">Kondratieff and Lee 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee & Baumann" authorityYear="2011" box="[588,790,581,604]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Mesocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aptera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,790,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Mesocapnia aptera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Complete abdominal tergal sclerotization also occurs in females of some apterous species of the Palearctic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1905" box="[264,403,687,710]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Capnioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,403,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Capnioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vincon and Sivec" box="[416,675,686,711]" firstAuthor="Vincon" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" pagination="118 - 126" refId="ref2614" refString="Vincon, G. and I. Sivec 2011. Contribution to the knowledge of the Capniidae (Plecoptera) of Turkey. Illiesia, 7: 118 - 126." type="journal article" year="2011">Vinçon and Sivec 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; G. Vinçon personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[189,798,225,1457]" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">
|
||
A possible scenario leading to female tergal sclerotization involves habitat persistence (habitat stability over time), loss of flight capacity and wings, and the need for protection of the dorsal abdomen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Roff" box="[189,330,900,924]" firstAuthor="Roff" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" pagination="1009 - 1020" refId="ref2409" refString="Roff, D. A. 1986. The evolution of wing dimorphism in insects. Evolution, 40: 1009 - 1020." type="journal article" year="1986">Roff (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dudley" box="[411,589,900,924]" firstAuthor="Dudley" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" refId="ref2058" refString="Dudley, R. W. 2000. The Biomechanics of Insect Flight. Form, Function, Evolution. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, xii + 476 pp." type="book" year="2000">Dudley (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggest habitat persistence as a major factor underlying reduction of insect flight capacity.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brodsky" box="[486,676,971,995]" firstAuthor="Brodsky" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" refId="ref2030" refString="Brodsky, A. K. 1994. The Evolution of Insect Flight. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York, xiv + 229 pp." type="book" year="1994">Brodsky (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggests
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[189,313,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Plecoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
forewings provide abdominal protection at rest. The degree of female abdominal tergal sclerotization in apterous stoneflies may be evolving to protect the dorsal abdomen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[571,792,1113,1137]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="3" pageNumber="195" pagination="551 - 659" refId="ref2433" refString="Smith, I. M., D. R. Cook, and B. P. Smith. 2001. Water mites (Hydrachnida) and other Arachnids. pp. 551 - 659. In Thorp, J. H. and A. P. Covich (eds.) Ecology and Classification of North American Invertebrates (Second Edition). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA." type="book chapter" year="2001">Smith et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, discussing aquatic mite zoogeography in North America, found some “Tertiary relict distributions, suggesting that they originated in Laurasia”. Aquatic mite “Tertiary- relict” distributions include unglaciated refugia such as coastal
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[623,742,1290,1314]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[189,281,1326,1350]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="3" pageNumber="195">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Perhaps the western apterous stonefly species are relictual populations, having persisted in refugia, allowing for loss of wings and increased abdominal tergal sclerotization.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |