treatments-xml/data/03/9F/87/039F87D7FF938415FC8FFA03233F0301.xml

<document id="98D33DCCE335EEB90E2995C68E791B54" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440227" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630449224875" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Schmitz, Patrick &amp; Rubinoff, Daniel" docDate="2011" docId="039F87D7FF938415FC8FFA03233F0301" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00676.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Hyposmocoma kahamanoa Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFA6FFAFFF91841DFFA3FFE2220C046E" masterDocTitle="The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699274737362" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="99555039486E78E489789C64DAD9C069">The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D4DB4C08F8AE81A44C2055560629F67C">2011</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF93841FFC8FFA032672019B" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[812,1150,1505,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF93841FFC8FFA032672019B" bold="true" box="[812,1150,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">HYPOSMOCOMA KAHAMANOA</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
SCHMITZ &amp; RUBINOFF 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF93841FFC35F9E621F7027B" box="[918,1019,1536,1557]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF93841FFBAEF9E22660027B" box="[1037,1132,1536,1557]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1521,1540]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,201,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-126@3.[164,1445,196,1491]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Holotypes of aquatic cone-case Hyposmocoma spp., adult males. A, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov.; B, Hyposmocoma uhauiole sp. nov.; C, Hyposmocoma kahaiao sp. nov.; D, Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov.; E, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov.; F, Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440229/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">FIGS 1A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF93841FFBD8F9E22692027B" box="[1147,1182,1536,1557]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,653,672]" captionTargetBox="[149,760,201,621]" captionTargetId="figure-721@4.[144,761,198,624]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Cone case types of aquatic Hyposmocoma spp., larvae. A, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov., lateral aspect; B, Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov., lateral aspect; C, Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov., dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440231/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">2A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF93841FFB0EF9E226D50278" box="[1197,1241,1536,1558]" captionStart-0="Figure 3" captionStart-1="Figure 4" captionStart-2="Figure 5" captionStartId-0="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionStartId-1="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionStartId-2="7.[164,243,850,869]" captionTargetBox-0="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetBox-1="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetBox-2="[168,778,201,814]" captionTargetId-0="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId-1="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId-2="figure-771@7.[164,780,197,820]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." captionText-1="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." captionText-2="Figure 5. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. from specimen on slide PS163. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440237" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5440237/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">3–5</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF93841FFB4BF9E227190278" box="[1256,1301,1536,1558]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1744,1763]" captionTargetBox="[399,1166,216,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-3@14.[398,1167,939,1714]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of Hyposmocoma spp., ventral aspect. A, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. (slide PS153); B, Hyposmocoma uhauiole sp. nov. (slide PS143); C, Hyposmocoma kahaiao sp. nov. (slide PS149); D, Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov. (slide PS199); E, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov. (slide PS166); F, Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov. (slide PS201)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440253/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">11A</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF93841FFC85F9C526060252" box="[806,1034,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF93841FFBBAF9C5266D02F6" collectionCode="AWAI" collectorName="Schmitz, W" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF93841FFBBAF9C526A40252" box="[1049,1192,1575,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFB14F9C426DC0252" box="[1207,1232,1574,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
: [1] ‘H[
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF93841FFA8CF9C427700252" box="[1327,1404,1574,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">AWAI</collectionCode>
]I: Oahu, Palolo stream | ‘cone’ case, IV-25-20[08] | em[ergence]. V-2-[20]08, #DR08D4 | 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF93841FFB72F98626FD0217" box="[1233,1265,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">leg</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF93841FFB59F98727070214" box="[1274,1291,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">it</emphasis>
]. P[atrick]. 
<collectorName id="26C35317FF93841FFC85F96121A202F6" box="[806,942,1666,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Schmitz, W</collectorName>
[ill]. Haines’; [2]
</materialsCitation>
‘ 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF93841FFBCEF961275C02BB" collectionCode="UHIM" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF93841FFBCEF96126F102F6" box="[1133,1277,1667,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
| 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF93841FFAB8F961216D02D9" baseAuthorityName="Rubinoff &amp; Schmitz" baseAuthorityYear="2010" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hyposmocoma</taxonomicName>
| kahamanoa | Schmitz and Rubinoff’. Specimen in good condition. Deposited in the 
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.
</paragraph>
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<typeStatus id="548D8863FF93841FFC9CF93D21D5029A" box="[831,985,1759,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFC47F93D262D029A" box="[996,1057,1758,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">24 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFB93F93C2665029A" box="[1072,1129,1758,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="female">15 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF93841EFBDBF93C233202D8" collectingDate="2008-04-29" collectingDateMax="2008-08-20" collectingDateMin="2008-04-29" collectionCode="UHIM" collectorName="Schmitz &amp; Haines" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="9" typeStatus="paratype">
with same data as holotype except date of emergence: 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFB18F91F2722037D" box="[1211,1326,1789,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-04-29">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFB18F91F2722037D" box="[1211,1326,1789,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-04-29">29.iv.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFAEAF91F2772037D" box="[1353,1406,1789,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFC85F8FE218F035F" box="[806,899,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-05-02">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFC85F8FE218F035F" box="[806,899,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-05-02">2.v.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFC34F8FE21CA035F" box="[919,966,1819,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFC7CF8FE2630035F" box="[991,1084,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-05-09">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFC7CF8FE2630035F" box="[991,1084,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-05-09">9.v.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFBF3F8FE2677035F" box="[1104,1147,1819,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFB30F8FE26F2035F" box="[1171,1278,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-05-30">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFB30F8FE26F2035F" box="[1171,1278,1820,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-05-30">30.v.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFAB1F8FE274D035F" box="[1298,1345,1819,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFAF1F8FE2772035F" box="[1362,1406,1819,1841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFC85F8D82181033E" box="[806,909,1850,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-06-09">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFC85F8D82181033E" box="[806,909,1850,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-06-09">9.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFC01F8D821D9033E" box="[930,981,1850,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, one dissected PS168), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFB55F8D82766033E" box="[1270,1386,1850,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-06-12">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFB55F8D82766033E" box="[1270,1386,1850,1872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-06-12">12.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFA23F8D821330300" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFCF9F8BB21C20301" box="[858,974,1881,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-06-30">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFCF9F8BB21C20301" box="[858,974,1881,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-06-30">30.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFC46F8BB261D0300" box="[997,1041,1880,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFB88F8BB26A40301" box="[1067,1192,1881,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-07-18">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFB88F8BB26A40301" box="[1067,1192,1881,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-07-18">18.vii.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF93841FFB1DF8BB26E20300" box="[1214,1262,1880,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
), 
<date id="FF881001FF93841FFAAAF8BB27810301" box="[1289,1421,1881,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF93841FFAAAF8BB27810301" box="[1289,1421,1881,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" value="2008-08-20">20.viii.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFF0DF96122E302F6" box="[174,239,1666,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), #DR08D4, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFE10F96123DF02F6" box="[435,467,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFE7FF96123E102F6" box="[476,493,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">it</emphasis>
]. P[atrick]. 
<collectorName id="26C35317FF92841EFD04F961210A02F7" box="[679,774,1667,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Schmitz</collectorName>
, W[ill]. 
<collectorName id="26C35317FF92841EFF49F942233202D8" box="[234,318,1696,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Haines</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFEEDF943238C02D9" box="[334,384,1697,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFE30F94323CD02D9" box="[403,449,1697,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF92841EFE70F9402304037D" collectingDate="2003-08-29" collectingDateMax="2003-09-16" collectingDateMin="2003-08-29" collectorName="Daniel &amp; Rubinoff" county="Emerg" location="Oahu" municipality="Manoa Stream" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
HI: 
<location id="8EE9601AFF92841EFDA7F943204902D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87D7FF938415FC8FFA03233F0301:8EE9601AFF92841EFDA7F943204902D9" box="[516,581,1697,1719]" county="Emerg" municipality="Manoa Stream" name="Oahu" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Oahu</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACBBFF92841EFDF5F940210A02D8" box="[598,774,1697,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Manoa Stream</collectingMunicipality>
, cone case, 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFE8BF92223A102B8" box="[296,429,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-08-29">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFE8BF92223A102B8" box="[296,429,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-08-29">29.viii.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectingCounty id="62E84E4DFF92841EFE19F95D200002BB" box="[442,524,1727,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Emerg</collectingCounty>
[e]d: 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFDE6F92220B602B8" box="[581,698,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-09-16">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFDE6F92220B602B8" box="[581,698,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-09-16">16.ix.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFD73F922210802BB" box="[720,772,1727,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, one dissected PS163), 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFE64F93C2036029A" box="[455,570,1758,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-09-11">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFE64F93C2036029A" box="[455,570,1758,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-09-11">11.ix.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFDFBF93D2080029A" box="[600,652,1758,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
), [
<collectorName id="26C35317FF92841EFD16F93C2108029A" box="[693,772,1758,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Daniel</collectorName>
] 
<collectorName id="26C35317FF92841EFF07F91F2304037D" box="[164,264,1789,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Rubinoff</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFEB6F91F234D037D" box="[277,321,1789,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF92841EFEF3F91F20EC035F" collectingDate="2003-08-18" collectorName="Rubinoff" county="Em" location="Oahu" municipality="Manoa Stream" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
HI: 
<location id="8EE9601AFF92841EFEDCF91F23CC037D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87D7FF938415FC8FFA03233F0301:8EE9601AFF92841EFEDCF91F23CC037D" box="[383,448,1789,1811]" county="Em" municipality="Manoa Stream" name="Oahu" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Oahu</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACBBFF92841EFE6DF91F2077037C" box="[462,635,1789,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Manoa Stream</collectingMunicipality>
, coll[ection]: V-03, 
<collectingCounty id="62E84E4DFF92841EFF46F8F9231C035F" box="[229,272,1819,1841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Em</collectingCounty>
[erge]d: 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFEC9F8FE23FD035C" box="[362,497,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-08-18">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFEC9F8FE23FD035C" box="[362,497,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2003-08-18">18.viii.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26C35317FF92841EFE5FF8FE206C035C" box="[508,608,1820,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Rubinoff</collectorName>
, coll[ector]
</materialsCitation>
.; 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFD4CF8FE22B1033E" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFF6DF8D822F0033E" box="[206,252,1850,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF92841EFEAEF8D9210A0300" collectingDate="2004-01-25" collectingDateMax="2004-04-22" collectingDateMin="2004-01-25" county="Em" location="Oahu Isl" municipality="Kalauao Stream" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="11" typeStatus="paratype">
HI: 
<location id="8EE9601AFF92841EFE9EF8D823AB0321" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87D7FF938415FC8FFA03233F0301:8EE9601AFF92841EFE9EF8D823AB0321" box="[317,423,1849,1872]" county="Em" municipality="Kalauao Stream" name="Oahu Isl" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Oahu Isl</location>
[and]., ‘cone’, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACBBFF92841EFDE5F8D8210A0321" box="[582,774,1850,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Kalauao Stream</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFF07F8BB23020301" box="[164,270,1881,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-01-25">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFF07F8BB23020301" box="[164,270,1881,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-01-25">25.i.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectingCounty id="62E84E4DFF92841EFE80F8BA23430300" box="[291,335,1880,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Em</collectingCounty>
[e]rg[e]d: 21/ 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFE47F8BB205A0301" box="[484,598,1881,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-04-22">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFE47F8BB205A0301" box="[484,598,1881,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-04-22">22.iv.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFDCCF8BB20BE0300" box="[623,690,1880,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">11 ♂</specimenCount>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFD6AF8BB20F00300" box="[713,764,1880,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496649FF92841EFF07FA1321BC0250" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440229" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440229/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" startId="3.[164,243,1521,1540]" targetBox="[164,1444,201,1487]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF92841EFF07FA1321BC0250" blockId="3.[164,1441,1520,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFF07FA132300026A" bold="true" box="[164,268,1521,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Figure 1.</emphasis>
Holotypes of aquatic cone-case 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFDC0FA132123026A" box="[611,815,1521,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFDC0FA1320F5026D" box="[611,761,1521,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, adult males. A, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFC40FA132770026A" bold="true" box="[995,1404,1520,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFC40FA132711026D" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[995,1309,1520,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFC40FA132711026D" bold="true" box="[995,1309,1520,1540]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF92841EFA86FA132770026A" box="[1317,1404,1521,1540]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; B, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFF07F9EC202C024F" bold="true" box="[164,544,1550,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFF07F9EC23B0024F" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[164,444,1550,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhauiole" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFF07F9EC23B0024F" bold="true" box="[164,444,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma uhauiole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF92841EFE65F9EC202C024F" box="[454,544,1550,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; C, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFDF2F9EC21CB024F" bold="true" box="[593,967,1550,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFDF2F9EC216E024F" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[593,866,1550,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahaiao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFDF2F9EC216E024F" bold="true" box="[593,866,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma kahaiao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF92841EFCCEF9EC21CB024F" box="[877,967,1550,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; D, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFC5AF9EC2776024F" bold="true" box="[1017,1402,1550,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFC5AF9EC271A024F" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1017,1302,1550,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaikoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFC5AF9EC271A024F" bold="true" box="[1017,1302,1550,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma kawaikoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF92841EFA83F9EC2776024F" box="[1312,1402,1550,1569]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; E, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFF07F9CE202E0250" bold="true" box="[164,546,1579,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFF07F9CE23CC0250" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[164,448,1579,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kamakou" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFF07F9CE23CC0250" bold="true" box="[164,448,1579,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma kamakou</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF92841EFE6AF9C9202E0250" box="[457,546,1579,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; F, 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFDEEF9CE21420250" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[589,846,1579,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wailua" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFDEEF9CE21420250" bold="true" box="[589,846,1579,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma wailua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF92841EFCF4F9C921BC0250" box="[855,944,1579,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF92841EFC99F961268F029A" blockId="3.[826,1441,1666,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFC99F96121BD02F7" box="[826,945,1667,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-03-23">23.iii.2004</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFC66F96121FE02F6" box="[965,1010,1666,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, dissected PS159), 8/ 
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFB4BF960275502F6" box="[1256,1369,1666,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-04-15">15.iv.2004</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFACEF961279702F6" box="[1389,1435,1666,1688]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, dissected PS164, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFB84F943266802D9" box="[1063,1124,1697,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, one dissected PS153), 
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C9CFF92841EFC99F92221E7029A" collectingDate="2004-04-27" collectionCode="BPBM, MHNG, UHIM" collectorName="Deposited" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<date id="FF881001FF92841EFC99F92221A002B8" box="[826,940,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-04-27">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9E9FF92841EFC99F92221A002B8" box="[826,940,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" value="2004-04-27">27.iv.2004</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<specimenCount id="9D30FD48FF92841EFC62F92221FC02BB" box="[961,1008,1727,1749]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
), Rubinoff, coll. 
<collectorName id="26C35317FF92841EFB10F922272802B8" box="[1203,1316,1728,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Deposited</collectorName>
in 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF92841EFAECF922279102BB" box="[1359,1437,1728,1749]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF92841EFC99F93D219C029A" box="[826,912,1759,1780]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF92841EFC3DF93D21E7029A" box="[926,1003,1759,1780]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">UHIM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
, and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF92841EFB8EF93D2673029A" box="[1069,1151,1759,1780]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF928419FC99F8FE202500A3" blockId="3.[826,1442,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="4.[144,759,809,1229]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFC99F8FE21BD035F" box="[826,945,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Amongst the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFB72F8FE2779035F" baseAuthorityName="Rubinoff &amp; Schmitz" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1233,1397,1820,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFB72F8FE2779035F" box="[1233,1397,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFA25F8FE21CC0321" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFA25F8FE21CC0321" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">H. kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF92841EFB0EF8D926520300" authority="Walsingham, 1907" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccophora">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF92841EFB0EF8D921710300" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Hyposmocoma saccophora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF92841EFC24F8BB26520300" author="Walsingham L" box="[903,1118,1881,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref20935" refString="Walsingham L. 1907. Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp D, ed. Fauna hawaiiensis, Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, also endemic to the island of Oahu, in size and forewing pattern. However, it differs in males in having a shorter sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII and in male genitalia in having sclerotized spur-like setae of different shape and length on each valva. Although the number of setae can vary amongst different specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FD78FC21231A0798" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FD78FC21231A0798" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">H. kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the setae on the right valva are 1/2 ¥ the length and on the left valva are thick and slightly curved apically and two ¥ the length of those found in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FF33FBDC2332003C" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[144,318,1085,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccophora">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FF33FBDC2332003C" box="[144,318,1085,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">H. saccophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FEF9FBDC2095003C" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[346,665,1085,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FEF9FBDC2095003C" box="[346,665,1085,1107]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FF72FBBE23D0001E" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[209,476,1115,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahaiao" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FF72FBBE23D0001E" box="[209,476,1115,1137]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma kahaiao</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF958419FE44FBBE204F001F" box="[487,579,1116,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FDF0FBBE22FB00E1" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaikoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FDF0FBBE22FB00E1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma kawaikoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF958419FEA5FB99236900FE" box="[262,357,1147,1168]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FE11FB9920CB00E1" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[434,711,1146,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhauiole" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FE11FB9920CB00E1" box="[434,711,1146,1168]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma uhauiole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF958419FD75FB9922B100C0" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in the characters mentioned in the Diagnosis and Description of these species, below.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496649FF958419FF33FD6F20FB0697" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440231" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440231/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" startId="4.[144,223,653,672]" targetBox="[149,760,201,621]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF958419FF33FD6F20FB0697" blockId="4.[144,759,653,761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FF33FD6F22F406CE" bold="true" box="[144,248,653,672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Cone case types of aquatic 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FD84FD6C20FF06CF" box="[551,755,654,673]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FD84FD6C20B106CE" box="[551,701,654,672]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, larvae. A, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FEA2FD4920AD06D0" bold="true" box="[257,673,682,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FEA2FD49203106D3" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[257,573,682,702]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FEA2FD49203106D3" bold="true" box="[257,573,682,702]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF958419FDE4FD4920AD06D0" box="[583,673,683,702]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, lateral aspect; B, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FEAEFD2A209006B5" bold="true" box="[269,668,711,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FEAEFD2A202206B4" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[269,558,711,731]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawaikoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FEAEFD2A202206B4" bold="true" box="[269,558,711,731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma kawaikoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF958419FD9EFD2A209006B5" box="[573,668,712,731]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, lateral aspect; C, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FF5EFD0720550696" bold="true" box="[253,601,741,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF958419FF5EFD0723F00696" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[253,508,741,760]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wailua" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FF5EFD0723F00696" bold="true" box="[253,508,741,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Hyposmocoma wailua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF958419FDA0FD0720550696" box="[515,601,741,760]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, dorsal aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF958419FF33FB1726460663" blockId="4.[144,759,1268,1903]" lastBlockId="4.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FF33FB1723140164" box="[144,280,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Description:</emphasis>
Male (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FEDFFB17239C0164" box="[380,400,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
= 25) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF958419FE44FB17204D0164" box="[487,577,1269,1291]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[164,243,1521,1540]" captionTargetBox="[164,1444,201,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-126@3.[164,1445,196,1491]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Holotypes of aquatic cone-case Hyposmocoma spp., adult males. A, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov.; B, Hyposmocoma uhauiole sp. nov.; C, Hyposmocoma kahaiao sp. nov.; D, Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov.; E, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov.; F, Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440229" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440229/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF958419FDF4FB17206A0165" box="[599,614,1269,1291]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[164,243,850,869]" captionTargetBox="[168,778,201,814]" captionTargetId="figure-771@7.[164,780,197,820]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. from specimen on slide PS163. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">5</figureCitation>
). Wingspan 7.6–9.0 mm (
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF958419FE8AFAF123820147" box="[297,398,1299,1321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: 9.0 mm). Head adorned with large, shiny, dark grey scales on occiput becoming beige on vertex and frons. Haustellum with beige scales. Maxillary palpus reduced. Recurved labial palpus mostly dark grey dorsally and beige ventrally with some sparse beige scales on segments, and on second segment apically. Antennal flagellum dark grey; scape dark grey with beige scales ventrally and forming disrupted ring apically, antennal pecten present with up to four thin setae. Thorax, tegula, and metascutellum dark grey. Foreleg coxa beige; femur dark grey; tibia and tarsomeres dark grey with beige ring at middle and apex of tibia, and apex of tarsomeres I, II. Midleg as foreleg, spurs beige. Hindleg as midleg, but ground colour more silver grey. Forewing dark grey with sprinkling of dark grey scales on a pale beige background, dark grey markings as pair of spots medially (often fused in darker specimens), disconnected from each other along diagonal, and a more or less conspicuous small spot postmedially in midline; cream markings as a small notch subapically on costal margin and another opposite on inner margin. Hindwing and fringe uniformly silver grey. Subcostal brush absent. Abdomen dorsally dark grey; ventrally beige, with tuft of long beige scales on each side of genitalia. Sclerotized hook (pseuduncus 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FC85FE9C216905FD" box="[806,869,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF958419FCD3FE9F264A05FA" author="Zimmerman EC" box="[880,1094,381,404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refId="ref21044" refString="Zimmerman EC. 1978. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9 (2): Microlepidoptera. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: The University Press of Hawaii." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
) small with distinct sclerotized ring on segment VII. Genital flaps (epiptygmata 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FC85FE59216905BE" box="[806,869,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF958419FCD8FE59265605BF" author="Zimmerman EC" box="[891,1114,443,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refId="ref21044" refString="Zimmerman EC. 1978. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9 (2): Microlepidoptera. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: The University Press of Hawaii." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
) membranous, rounded, broad and thin, emerging on both sides apically of sclerotized sternum VIII.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF958419FC9CFDF4278100FE" blockId="4.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Male genitalia (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FC5AFDF526010642" box="[1017,1037,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
= 4) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF958419FBF2FDF4269F0642" box="[1105,1171,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[164,243,850,869]" captionTargetBox="[168,778,201,814]" captionTargetId="figure-771@7.[164,780,197,820]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. from specimen on slide PS163. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440237/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Uncus and gnathos absent, but replaced by uncus-like processes attached to tegumen (brachia 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FBBEFDB626500607" box="[1053,1116,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF958419FBC5FDB627310604" author="Zimmerman EC" box="[1126,1341,596,618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" refId="ref21044" refString="Zimmerman EC. 1978. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9 (2): Microlepidoptera. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: The University Press of Hawaii." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
), right process elongate and thin, sickle-shaped, curved ventrally, apically pointed, with small notch at 1/3 length, about eight ¥ length of left process. Tegumen wide, heavily sclerotized, dorsoventrally flattened. Valvae symmetrical, with long and slender arms, enlarged apically, bent upward in the middle, adorned with setae arranged comb-like along dorsal margin, with sclerotized spur-like setae of same length apically rounded on right valva, and large sclerotized spurlike setae on left valva, being six ¥ length of those on right valva; number of spur-like setae vary amongst specimen studied, three right and three left, three right and two left, or two right and two left. Phallus large, heavily sclerotized, slightly bent to the right, blunt tipped, with large bulbous base; vesica without spines or cornuti. Anellus with two symmetrical lobes, thin, angled upward, both adorned with small setae until apex, right lobe very slightly enlarged apically.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF958419FC9CFB7B262E0147" blockId="4.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Female (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FC05FB7821B600C1" box="[934,954,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
= 15). Wingspan 
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF958419FB26FB7B270100C0" box="[1157,1293,1177,1198]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="9.3" valueMax="9.8" valueMin="8.8">8.8–9.8 mm</quantity>
. Frenulum with three acanthae. Forewing background colour dark grey with indistinct dark grey markings. Antennae slightly thinner than that of male. Otherwise externally like males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF958419FC9CFAD0274402D9" blockId="4.[806,1422,198,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Female genitalia (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FBB2FAD126290126" box="[1041,1061,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
= 1) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF958419FBC4FAD026C50126" box="[1127,1225,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="14.[144,223,1744,1763]" captionTargetBox="[399,1166,216,1711]" captionTargetId="figure-3@14.[398,1167,939,1714]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 11. Female genitalia of Hyposmocoma spp., ventral aspect. A, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. (slide PS153); B, Hyposmocoma uhauiole sp. nov. (slide PS143); C, Hyposmocoma kahaiao sp. nov. (slide PS149); D, Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov. (slide PS199); E, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov. (slide PS166); F, Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov. (slide PS201)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440253/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales short. Apophyses thin and straight; posterior apophyses, very long about five ¥ length of anterior apophyses. Ostium-bearing process heavily sclerotized and very large, externally protruding, snail-shell shaped curled to the left, with broad base. Ductus bursae long and of small girth. Corpus bursae oval and elongate, with light scobination; signum absent. Inception of ductus seminalis very enlarged, cylindrical, situated behind of corpus bursae. Apical margin of sternum VII with broad U-shaped emargination medially forming a bowl encompassing ostium-bearing process with patches of dense scales situated laterally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF95841AFC9CF92226880581" blockId="4.[806,1422,198,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[826,1442,198,954]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">
Larva (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF958419FC32F92221D402BB" box="[913,984,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF958419FC47F92221F802B8" box="[996,1012,1728,1750]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">4</figureCitation>
). Length 4.5–5.0 mm (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF958419FB50F922270B02BB" box="[1267,1287,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="19">N</emphasis>
= 58). Body pale yellow, textured with microconvolutions; head capsule amber; prothoracic shield amber, gradually darkening posteriorly, mesothorax and metathorax with pale amber patches similar to prothoracic shield; pale brown patches on thoracic segments as a hori- zontal elongated patch in middle and a perpendicular elongated patch posterior to coxa (on some larvae inconspicuous); pinacula pale yellow; anal plate amber; setae with pale brown, circular, and very slightly raised sockets. Head (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF948418FDAAF8BB208F0300" box="[521,643,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Figs 3A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF948418FD31F8BB20BA0301" box="[658,694,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">4D</figureCitation>
): semi- hypognathous, textured with slightly raised, confluent, polygonal ridges except on area between adfrontal sclerites (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF948418FBE2F8FE269B035C" box="[1089,1175,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
); adfrontal sclerites widened distally, frontal setae about equal in length, AF2 above apex of frons, AF1 below; F1 slightly closer to AF1 than to C1, AF1 and F1 at least two ¥ longer than AF2; C1 and C2 of same length; clypeus with five pairs of setae, three pairs on medial half, two on distal half; mandible simple (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF97841BFDB0F9EA20650270" box="[531,617,1544,1566]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), shallowly notched, bearing pair of subequal setae on outer surface near condyle, and with four distinct distal teeth; sensilla 
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF97841BFEE5F986238F0217" box="[326,387,1636,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">types</typeStatus>
and arrangement on antenna (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF97841BFF3BF96122E702F7" box="[152,235,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) and on maxillary palpi (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF97841BFDBCF961207D02F7" box="[543,625,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) similar to those of other Gelechioidea (for references, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF97841BFF33F92223CE02B8" author="Schmitz P &amp; Landry B" box="[144,450,1728,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" pagination="201 - 208" refId="ref20662" refString="Schmitz P, Landry B. 2006. Immature stages of Galagete protozona (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Autostichidae) from the Galapagos Islands: description and notes on biology. Canadian Entomologist 139: 201 - 208." type="journal article" year="2006">Schmitz &amp; Landry, 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Six stemmata in genal area, arranged in an arc with six caudad, stemmata 2, 3, 4 close together in straight line with stemma 5 separated from 4, 6 by width of a stemma; substemmatal setae about equal in length; S3 posteroventrad to S2, S2 approximate to stemma 3, and S1 approximate to stemma 5; A-group setae above gena, A1 and A3 at least three ¥ longer than A2; L1 very short and posterodorsad to stemma 2; P1 anteroventrad to AF2, P2 posterodorsad to P1, P1 about seven to eight ¥ longer than P2. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF97841BFBD1F9C526C70252" box="[1138,1227,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Figs 3E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF97841BFB46F9C527040253" box="[1253,1288,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">4A</figureCitation>
): T1 with L-group trisetose, surrounded by prothoracic shield; setae anterior to spiracle; L 
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF97841BFBCBF986269D0214" box="[1128,1169,1636,1658]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
between and equidistant to L2 and L3, about 2.5 ¥ lengths of L2 and L3; SV-group setae of same length on anterior part of elongate pinaculum; coxae nearly touching, V1s posteroventrad of coxae; segments of leg smooth, very long, with sparse hair-like spines, claw single (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF97841BFC8DF8FE218F035C" box="[814,899,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); shield with SD 
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF97841BFBEDF8FE2674035C" box="[1102,1144,1820,1842]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
straight line with XD2 and XD1; SD1 about same length then L1; XD2 and D2 about equal in lengths; XD2 about 2.5 ¥ length of XD1, at same distance from XD1 as from SD1; XD1 about same length as D1 and SD2; D 
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF96841AFDEDFBFD207A005B" box="[590,630,1055,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
straight line with D2 and XD2, posterior to SD2 and D2; SD 
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF96841AFD7FFBDF2107003D" box="[732,779,1085,1107]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
straight line with SD1. T2–T3 (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFD8FFBBE208E001C" box="[556,642,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
): D2 about two ¥ length of D1, both on small pinaculum; SD1 about five ¥ length of SD2, both on small pinaculum; L1 about three ¥ longer than L2, both on small pinaculum, L3 slightly shorter than L2, posterior to or in vertical line with SV1; D1, D2, SD1, SD2, L1, and L2 surrounded by pale brown patch similar to prothoracic shield; SV1 on anterior part of elongated pale brown patch; V1s on T2–T3 about equal distance apart (not shown), at least 1.5 ¥ distance between V1s on T1. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFE2DFA6C203001CD" box="[398,572,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Figs 3C, F, G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFDF0FA6C20AC01CA" box="[595,672,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">4B, C</figureCitation>
): A1–A2 (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFF0FFA4E230D01AD" box="[172,257,1452,1475]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
): D2 about 1.5 ¥ length of D1; SD1 above spiracle on A1, and slightly anterodorsad to spiracle on A2, about of same length than D2; SD2 minute and anterodorsad to SD1; spiracle on A1 of same size than those on A2–A7; L1 about five ¥ length of L2, both on same pinaculum, below and slightly posterior to spiracle; L3 about same length as L2, posterior to, or in vertical line with L1 and L2; SV-group unisetose on A1 and bisetose on A2, on same pinaculum; V1s equal distance apart (not shown), at least two ¥ distance between V1s on T2–T3. A3–A10 (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFDEAF93C20C4029A" box="[585,712,1758,1780]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Figs 3C, F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFD7FF93D20F3029B" box="[732,767,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">4C</figureCitation>
): A3–A6 with four pairs of little prominent prolegs, crochets uniordinal, in ellipse (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFD93F8FE2088035C" box="[560,644,1820,1842]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
); setae as A1–A2, except all setae at least only half the size; A7 as A3–A6, except L3 closer to L1 and L2; A8 as A7 except spiracle slightly larger than on previous segments (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFC37FF0621E50495" box="[916,1001,228,251]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
); A9 with D1, D2, and SD1 of equal lengths and in straight line, with D2 equidistant to both setae; L-group setae also nearly in straight line with D1, D2, and SD1; L1 small, about two ¥ length of L2, on same pinaculum; L3 of same length as L2; SV1 slightly shorter than L1; V1s as previous segments; A10 (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFC75FE7E262005DC" box="[982,1068,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-276@6.[303,1263,196,1286]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
): anal plate with D1, D2, and SD2 equal in lengths, SD1 slightly longer; crochets of proleg uniordinal, in ellipse.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496649FF948418FF07FA2B26B902E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" startId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" targetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF948418FF07FA2B26B902E5" blockId="5.[164,1441,1480,1676]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF948418FF07FA2B230001B2" bold="true" box="[164,268,1481,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of larva of 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF948418FD74FA2B266201B2" bold="true" box="[727,1134,1480,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF948418FD74FA2B261C01B5" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[727,1040,1480,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF948418FD74FA2B261C01B5" bold="true" box="[727,1040,1480,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="20">Hyposmocoma kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF948418FBBBFA2B266201B2" box="[1048,1134,1481,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF496649FF97841BFF33FAC62012011F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440235" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440235" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440235/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" startId="6.[144,223,1316,1335]" targetBox="[303,1263,196,1286]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF97841BFF33FAC62012011F" blockId="6.[144,1422,1315,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF97841BFF33FAC622F40159" bold="true" box="[144,248,1316,1335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Larva of 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF97841BFEC7FAC620F00159" bold="true" box="[356,764,1315,1335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF97841BFEC7FAC620910158" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[356,669,1315,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF97841BFEC7FAC620910158" bold="true" box="[356,669,1315,1335]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="21">Hyposmocoma kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF97841BFD06FAC620F00159" box="[677,764,1316,1335]" pageId="6" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, chaetotaxy of thorax; B, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 1–2; C, chaetotaxy of abdominal segments 6–10; D, mandible. Seta designations: D, dorsal; L, lateral; SD, subdorsal; SV, subventral; XD, supernumary dorsal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF96841AFCF0FE1A27AE07D4" blockId="7.[826,1442,198,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
Larval case (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFC4BFE1A21F00663" box="[1000,1020,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">N</emphasis>
= 290) (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF96841AFBF9FE1A26BC0660" box="[1114,1200,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,653,672]" captionTargetBox="[149,760,201,621]" captionTargetId="figure-721@4.[144,761,198,624]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Cone case types of aquatic Hyposmocoma spp., larvae. A, Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov., lateral aspect; B, Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov., lateral aspect; C, Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov., dorsal aspect." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440231" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440231/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Cone-shaped structure, 7.0– 
<quantity id="4CCE9B24FF96841AFC13FDF4261C0642" box="[944,1040,534,556]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
in length, cases of young larvae may be very small (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFB85FDD426380625" box="[1062,1076,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">&lt;</emphasis>
1.0 mm), small and thin, decorated with beige, brown, and black bits of sand woven with silver silk filaments; bicoloured, paler beneath and darker above, dorsally brown silk peppered with varying degrees of black usually resulting in dark brown overall colour, dorsal side encrusted with lichen, algae, and diatoms giving a coarse appearance, ventral side silver and remarkably smooth with occasional black mottling; aperture of case covered with an operculum decorated with small pebbles, or sand grain fastened by silk, that can be closed tidily by the larvae with its mandibles from the inside; background colour ranging from dark brown to black.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496649FF96841AFF07FCB0210707D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440237" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440237/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" startId="7.[164,243,850,869]" targetBox="[168,778,201,814]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF96841AFF07FCB0210707D3" blockId="7.[164,779,850,957]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFF07FCB02300070B" bold="true" box="[164,268,850,869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFE72FCB0230F07ED" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF96841AFE72FCB02106070B" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[465,778,850,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFE72FCB02106070B" bold="true" box="[465,778,850,869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Hyposmocoma kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF96841AFF07FC92230F07ED" box="[164,259,880,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from specimen on slide PS163. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF96841AFC99FC03264D00E1" blockId="7.[826,1441,993,1168]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFC99FC0321B40798" box="[826,952,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Etymology:</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF96841AFB9DFC0026E40798" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1086,1256,993,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFB9DFC0026E40798" box="[1086,1256,993,1015]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">H. kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Hawaiian, 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFC49FBE2262F007B" box="[1002,1059,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">kaha</emphasis>
, edge, that refers to the edge of the stream habitat, and the Mānoa stream, which flows through the Mānoa Valley on the island of Oahu, where this species was collected for the first time by D. 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE04FF96841AFC63FB9921D900FE" box="[960,981,1147,1168]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">R</collectionCode>
. in 2004.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF96841AFC99FB5A27AE0235" blockId="7.[826,1442,1208,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF96841AFC99FB5A219900A3" box="[826,917,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">Biology:</emphasis>
Adults were reared from amphibious casemaking larvae. Case-bearing larvae were collected during the day on rocks in streams on the island of Oahu in January, April, May, and August, and are probably present year round. They were found above and under the water line mostly in small holes covering the porous volcanic rocks, always at places where the sun breaks through the tree canopy, probably promoting the growth of algae and lichens on the rocks. Heavily shaded areas of the streams do not appear to be suitable habitat for the larvae. Adults can be observed during the day, but apparently are not attracted to light even if a black light trap is placed beside a stream where they occur abundantly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF968415FCF0F98622C2005B" blockId="7.[826,1442,1208,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[144,759,198,1077]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="22">
The larvae rest on emergent rocks in the middle and edges of the streams where they feed on lichens, and especially fresh and dried algae, but they can also dive for long periods of time in order to feed on algae. When under water they secure themselves with silk, which can be used by the larva as a life-line if it becomes dislodged by pulling on the strand in order to reattach to the rock. The most likely explanation for the respiration strategy is a direct diffusion of oxygen through the hydrophilic skin along the abdomen. This is supported by the fact that no tracheal gills were observed on the body of the larvae like those found for example in aquatic species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FDA9FEC022DE0538" authority="(Solis, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Solis" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">
Acentropinae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FD1AFEC022C70538" author="Solis AM" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="553 - 569" refId="ref20775" refString="Solis AM. 2008. Aquatic and semiaquatic Lepidoptera. In: Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MB, eds. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 4 th edn. Dubuque, Iowa, USA: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, 553 - 569." type="book chapter" year="2008">Solis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, temporary oxygen storage in the form of a trapped air bubble in the case was found rarely, despite multiple dissections (
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FDFEFE9C207D05FD" box="[605,625,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">N</emphasis>
= 20). The tracheal system appears to be unmodified with no reduction in the diameter of the spiracles, being morphologically open (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF998415FEC9FE3B23B00581" box="[362,444,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
), that might confer on the larvae a peripneustic tracheation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FDBAFE1A20AB0660" author="Welsh PS" box="[537,679,504,526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="29 - 50" refId="ref20968" refString="Welsh PS. 1922. The respiratory mechanism in certain aquatic Lepidoptera. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 41: 29 - 50." type="journal article" year="1922">Welsh, 1922</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, details of the exocuticle, or integument (
<figureCitation id="130D2A44FF998415FF3BFDD722E20625" box="[152,238,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[164,243,1481,1500]" captionTargetBox="[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetId="figure-75@5.[323,1283,194,1451]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Scanning electron micrographs of larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. A, frontolateral view of head capsule, scale bar = 100 Mm; B, sensilla of antenna: 1 = sensilla basiconica, 2 = sensillum chaetica, 3 = sensillum styloconicum, scale bar = 10 Mm; C, sensilla of maxillary palpus: A2 = sensillum styloconicum, A1, A3, M1-2, L1-3 = sensilla basiconica, scale bar = 10 Mm; D, left proleg on abdominal segment 4, scale bar = 10 Mm; E, distal portion of left prothoracic leg showing claw, scale bar = 100 Mm; F, left spiracle on abdominal segment 5, scale bar = 10 Mm; G, detail of the hydrophilic microstructure of the cuticle, scale bar = 10 Mm. Seta designations: A, anterior; AF, adfrontal; C, clypeal; P, parietal; S, stemmatal; SS, substemmatal. Sensilla designations: A, apical; L, lateral; M, medial." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440233" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440233/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
), show that it is smooth with simple rounded protuberances of the cuticular surface (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FD20FDB622C606E6" author="Reichholf J" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="258 - 261" refId="ref20492" refString="Reichholf J. 1976. Die Feinstruktur der Cuticula hydrophiler und hydrophober Raupen des Wasserschmetterlings Nymphula nymphaeata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Nymphulinae). Entomologica Germanica 2: 258 - 261." type="journal article" year="1976">Reichholf, 1976</bibRefCitation>
), rather than composed of tiny hydrophobic cuticular hair-like structures, also called microtrichia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FF3BFD4D231406A8" author="Solis AM" box="[152,280,687,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="553 - 569" refId="ref20775" refString="Solis AM. 2008. Aquatic and semiaquatic Lepidoptera. In: Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MB, eds. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 4 th edn. Dubuque, Iowa, USA: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, 553 - 569." type="book chapter" year="2008">Solis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
), that make up the plastron of hydrophobic larvae in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FE3EFD2C2039068A" baseAuthorityName="Solis" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[413,565,718,740]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acentropinae">Acentropinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FDE7FD2C236E076C" author="Wichard W &amp; Arens W &amp; Eisenbeis G" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" refId="ref20993" refString="Wichard W, Arens W, Eisenbeis G. 2002. Biological atlas of aquatic insects. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books." type="book" year="2002">Wichard, Arens &amp; Eisenbeis, 2002</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FECDFD0F2006076C" author="Speidel W" box="[366,522,748,771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="33 - 68" refId="ref20828" refString="Speidel W. 2005. Acentropinae. In: Goater B, Nuss M, Speidel W, eds. Microlepidoptera of Europe, Vol. 4. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books, 33 - 68." type="book chapter" year="2005">Speidel, 2005</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FDB4FD0F2094076D" author="Solis AM" box="[535,664,749,771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="553 - 569" refId="ref20775" refString="Solis AM. 2008. Aquatic and semiaquatic Lepidoptera. In: Merritt RW, Cummins KW, Berg MB, eds. An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, 4 th edn. Dubuque, Iowa, USA: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, 553 - 569." type="book chapter" year="2008">Solis, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, the combination of the small size of the larvae, their occurrence strictly in well-oxygenated, fastmoving streams, and the hydrophilic microstructure of their cuticle suggests that the aquatic larvae probably rely on direct diffusion when submerged. Laboratory experiments confirm that the larvae die quickly in stagnant water (in a matter of hours), but are able to survive for weeks forcibly submerged in a well-oxygenated aquarium (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FE5FFBE222C4005B" author="Rubinoff D &amp; Schmitz P" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="5903 - 5906" refId="ref20627" refString="Rubinoff D, Schmitz P. 2010. Multiple aquatic invasions by an endemic, terrestrial Hawaiian moth radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 107: 5903 - 5906." type="journal article" year="2010">Rubinoff &amp; Schmitz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496649FF998415FC85FCB7276107AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5440239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5440239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5440239/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" startId="8.[806,885,853,872]" targetBox="[811,1417,197,819]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF998415FC85FCB7276107AE" blockId="8.[806,1421,852,960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FC85FCB721820706" bold="true" box="[806,910,853,872]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of 
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FBF1FCB7215907EB" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FBF1FCB7276A0709" authority="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff, 2011" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[1106,1382,852,872]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhauiole" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FBF1FCB7276A0709" bold="true" box="[1106,1382,852,872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Hyposmocoma uhauiole</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157A8FF998415FACFFCB7215907EB" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from specimen on slide PS154. A, tegumen, ventral aspect; B, sclerotized hook on abdominal segment VII, ventral aspect; C, valvae with phallus, ventral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF998415FF33FB9823820082" blockId="8.[144,759,1146,1260]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FF33FB98232D00E1" box="[144,289,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known only from streams (Manoa, Palolo, Kalauao streams and certainly others) in the Ko‘olau mountains of eastern Oahu where it is presumed to be endemic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936C1FF998415FF33FAD0233F0301" blockId="8.[144,759,1330,1903]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FF33FAD022F70129" box="[144,251,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">Remarks:</emphasis>
Based on differences in male genitalia, this species may represent the new species 26 of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FF33FA8D237701EB" author="Zimmerman EC" box="[144,379,1391,1413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" refId="ref21044" refString="Zimmerman EC. 1978. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9 (2): Microlepidoptera. Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: The University Press of Hawaii." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
collected near the head of Kawailoa Gulch in the Ko‘olau range and described (mistakenly according to Zimmerman) by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B30FF998415FD30FA4E2319018F" author="Walsingham L" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref20935" refString="Walsingham L. 1907. Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp D, ed. Fauna hawaiiensis, Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham (1907)</bibRefCitation>
as a 
<typeStatus id="548D8863FF998415FEFEFA2923CF018E" box="[349,451,1483,1504]" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FE4EFA2E209E018E" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[493,658,1483,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccophora">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FE4EFA2E209E018E" box="[493,658,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">H. saccophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We are supported in our observation by the fact that 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FD78FA08231A0273" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FD78FA08231A0273" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">H. kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be endemic to the Ko‘olau range on east Oahu, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FE53F9C5209F0252" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[496,659,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccophora">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FE53F9C5209F0252" box="[496,659,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">H. saccophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be endemic to the Waianae range on west Oahu. Finally, the two Oahu species are not only allopatric but ecologically very different; 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FDBFF96120DC02F6" authorityName="Schmitz &amp; Rubinoff" authorityYear="2011" box="[540,720,1667,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahamanoa">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FDBFF96120DC02F6" box="[540,720,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">H. kahamanoa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strictly aquatic, being found in and around streams of the Ko‘olau range, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FE5EF92220AE02BB" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[509,674,1728,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Cosmopterigidae" genus="Hyposmocoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saccophora">
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FE5EF92220AE02BB" box="[509,674,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">H. saccophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits dry open rocky terrain in the Waianae mountains. Parasitoids were reared from some larvae and have been identified as belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FDCDF8FE20FB035C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" box="[622,759,1820,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FF3BF8D922A0033E" box="[152,172,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">N</emphasis>
= 2) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FE94F8D823DC033E" authorityName="Dalman" authorityYear="1820" box="[311,464,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942EAD3FF998415FE4CF8D9200F033E" box="[495,515,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="23">N</emphasis>
= 2) (
<taxonomicName id="4C364D42FF998415FDF0F8D820FF0321" box="[595,755,1850,1871]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: Chalcidoidea).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>