602 lines
73 KiB
XML
602 lines
73 KiB
XML
<document id="2A40210B74A954E04BFC39D6EC3B340E" ID-CLB-Dataset="27804" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd6cd3a0-d4bb-482b-bdde-c41fb1836faf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2614217" ID-ZooBank="22B93B2A-8C45-4686-92BD-882183C6B029" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553782043682" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duelli, Peter & Obrist, Martin K." docDate="2019" docId="039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4571.4.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4571 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudomallada prasinus Burmeister" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="517" masterDocId="FFA6FFB6FFA95059E82F0219FFFA8868" masterDocTitle="In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)" masterLastPageNumber="530" masterPageNumber="510" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1698714754999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="C074B5CC4DCEF0A8745C5AD7B7DFC64F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="126F1FD19F9DDE875B9BC49A6BBAEF0C">
|
||
<mods:title id="BC3F8AB9892C1F5DCC3D6DF16D0A2EF5">In search of the real Pseudomallada prasinus (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="01C789B92FD509C80AAACC8BD8A3D3C5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2039367FFE3AE2BF56640C1F23288FF9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AA392B007CF674682DF7F9AD9F66BC92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="94BDD20B903946D9F48CBADBEFA831BC">Duelli, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="762E64D652BA22C8E71AA7A16821AB66" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7C59CDDA9BD0D241468162D851C77F1C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C93593997B96A7EB3B159C5ECE3700C0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3995E0499D6131833D75BDE5D67753E1">Obrist, Martin K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1430B56B8DFF9E80BF9A21916FBE8FDB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="C2BB5CC05876D01268865809BA8F0CF6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="81E8323AC93EBBF3740A719FF1C2692D">
|
||
<mods:title id="E888F4C8ED39C7B5AF7634ACC85F5363">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4125E6230ED306821B32A948D657741C">
|
||
<mods:date id="F4D723FF890DCF81709D68F6ED85DB0B">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B129CF3A4573F751AAAAAEF741813106" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="863EC7F59F2C134E37093C4B46288E33">2019-03-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F5ACFFB6B29C918BA4F5C0A909F53C80" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="CD9FA4ECD6671CBA7DD49FE59A7ADEBF">4571</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="B748B58717B2B77973539987B2A56CE3" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="92ADD87818F236A435AF0E9F8B943648">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1555B8459FBA46AF144260132A29A312" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="A4687B0A7343F43601A025DBECA6BDE3">510</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="0E3F5E8EEAA8C42EB3BBCE0A6CF5A794">530</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="9A84F155AF0FC4705FF6888A0577F6B4">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E34BDBBFC33CA191021642DE6767ACDF" type="CLB-Dataset">27804</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0CD3AEA6D749BB30346DDD63BB3FDC48" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4571.4.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3CD6B7194C74643B5EB6B1D8B4A74FF8" type="GBIF-Dataset">fd6cd3a0-d4bb-482b-bdde-c41fb1836faf</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A594690F124AF8C86889F930DCD189AD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="14008D42B39B378E2B519CE1175D304B" type="Zenodo-Dep">2614217</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B3BD00827EFE59139725864C0F189A52" type="ZooBank">22B93B2A-8C45-4686-92BD-882183C6B029</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5928001" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154520653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5928001" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="517" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C6553FFA85058E8B8069BFD938CF5" box="[151,617,1154,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B8069BFD938CF5" blockId="1.[151,617,1154,1181]" box="[151,617,1154,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<heading id="D0C181B4FFA85058E8B8069BFD938CF5" bold="true" box="[151,617,1154,1181]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B8069BFD938CF5" ID-CoL="4P2GD" authority="(Burmeister)" authorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,617,1154,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B8069BFD938CF5" bold="true" box="[151,617,1154,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B8069BFE3A8CF4" bold="true" box="[151,448,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Pseudomallada prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
(Burmeister)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C6553FFA85058E8B806D0FDBA8D32" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B806D0FDF88CB7" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,514,1225,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B806D0FDF88CB7" ID-CoL="5YPJT" authority="Burmeister, 1839" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,514,1225,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B806D0FEB78CB7" box="[151,333,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa prasina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFA85058E97C06D0FDF88CB7" author="Burmeister, H. C. C." box="[339,514,1225,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" pagination="757 - 1050" refId="ref8196" refString="Burmeister, H. C. C. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band. Besondere Entomologie. Zweite Abteilung. Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. Zweite Halfte. Vulgo Neuroptera. T. C. F. Enslin, Berlin, xii + 294 pp. [pp. i-xii + 757 - 1050]" type="book chapter" year="1839">Burmeister, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B806F1FE0A8C96" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,496,1256,1278]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B806F1FE0A8C96" ID-CoL="5Z27W" authority="Wesmael, 1841" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,496,1256,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspersa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B806F1FEB48C96" box="[151,334,1256,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa aspersa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFA85058E97B06F1FE0A8C96" author="Wesmael, C." box="[340,496,1256,1278]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" pagination="203 - 221" refId="ref9416" refString="Wesmael, C. (1841) Notice sur les Hemerobides de Belgique. Bulletins de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Bruxelles, 8 (1), 203 - 221." type="journal article" year="1841">Wesmael, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B8071FFE188D74" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,482,1286,1308]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B8071FFE188D74" ID-CoL="5YRH2" authority="Brauer, 1850" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1850" box="[151,482,1286,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B8071FFEA38D74" box="[151,345,1286,1308]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa coerulea</emphasis>
|
||
Brauer, 1850
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B8073CFE238D53" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,473,1317,1339]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B8073CFE238D53" ID-CoL="5YPJ6" authority="Navas, 1905" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,473,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B8073CFEAC8D53" box="[151,342,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa mariana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFA85058E974073CFE238D53" author="Navas, L." box="[347,473,1317,1339]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref8889" refString="Navas, L. (1905) Notas neuropterologicas. vi. Neuropteros de Monserrat. Bulleti de la Institucio Catalana d ' Historia Natural, 5, 11 - 21." type="journal article" year="1905">Navás, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B8075DFDBA8D32" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,576,1348,1370]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B8075DFDBA8D32" ID-CoL="5YR6V" authority="Matsumura, 1911" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,576,1348,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sachalinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B8075DFE728D32" box="[151,392,1348,1370]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa sachalinensis</emphasis>
|
||
Matsumura, 1911
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C6553FFA8505DE8B8077BFA788FD6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="514" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B8077BFE438D10" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,441,1378,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B8077BFE438D10" authority="Navas, 1914" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,441,1378,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B8077BFECE8D10" box="[151,308,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa burri</emphasis>
|
||
Navás, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B80798FE108DFF" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,490,1409,1431]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B80798FE108DFF" authority="Navas, 1914" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,490,1409,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B80798FE9F8DFF" box="[151,357,1409,1431]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa caucasica</emphasis>
|
||
Navás, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B807B9FE2C8DDE" blockId="1.[151,576,1225,1462]" box="[151,470,1440,1462]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8B807B9FE2C8DDE" authority="Navas, 1926" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,470,1440,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B807B9FEA88DDE" box="[151,338,1440,1462]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Chrysopa vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
Navás, 1926
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA85058E8B807FBFE328FEF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1506,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8B807FBFCCA8D93" bold="true" box="[151,816,1506,1531]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">General diagnostic features of prasinoid morphotypes.</emphasis>
|
||
A medium to large sized grass-green or bluish green lacewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFA85058E921041FFEAD8E77" box="[270,343,1542,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1998,2020]" captionTargetBox="[166,1413,1140,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[166,1413,1140,1982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudomallada prasinus (marianus morph), female from Agarone, Ticino, Switzerland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614221/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Frons and clypeus green or pale. Vertex from green to yellow, sometimes with two reddishbrown spots. Black spot between antennae oval, pear-shaped, bell-shaped or triangular. Genae with black stripes. Scape sometimes with caudal black spots. Prothorax dorsally with one or two pairs of reddish-brown, brown, or black spots, laterally with three brown or black spots. One pair of brown and/or black spots on mesothorax. Abdomen green dorsally, in females sometimes whitish on ventral side. Tergites often with a pair of reddish-brown, brown, or black spots. Dark longitudinal spots or stripes along lateral pleural sutures on abdomen, Setae can vary from blond to black in different morphotypes. Claws dilated. Forewings in females 12.5–18.0 mm long, in males 10.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CCE9B3DFFA85058E8F8051BFEC58F72" box="[215,319,1794,1819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" unit="mm" value="14.5">14.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Black mark at wing base. Costal cross veins dark at both ends, more or less green in the center. Gradates pale or dark. Longitudinal veins mostly green, cross veins variably dark. Genitalia typical for all species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058E8F00552FEC58F0A" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[223,319,1867,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8F00552FEC58F0A" box="[223,319,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, only gonapsis shape of diagnostic relevance for separating them from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058ECC10552FA668F0B" box="[1262,1436,1867,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058ECC10552FA668F0B" box="[1262,1436,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Pseudomallada</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFA85058E8DD0577FE468FEF" author="Duelli, P. & Henry, C. S. & Hayashi, M. & Nomura, M. & Mochizuki, A." box="[242,444,1902,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" pagination="556 - 569" refId="ref8378" refString="Duelli, P., Henry, C. S., Hayashi, M., Nomura, M. & Mochizuki, A. (2017) Molecular phylogeny and morphology of Pseudomallada (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), one of the largest genera within Chrysopidae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 180 (3), 556 - 569. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / zoolinnean / zlw 008" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Duelli
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E96F0576FE888FEE" box="[320,370,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFA8505BE8E8058BFB218928" blockId="1.[151,1437,1506,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058E8E8058BFE128FC3" bold="true" box="[199,488,1938,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">Collecting and rearing.</emphasis>
|
||
Females of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFA85058EA99058AFCEC8FC2" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[694,790,1939,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="511" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFA85058EA99058AFCEC8FC2" box="[694,790,1939,1962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="511">prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group showing the above basic features of prasinoid morphotypes were either netted at forest edges or from bushes, or collected at light sources and reared singly in the lab at 22 ±2°C under long day conditions (16L:8D). The rearing containers consisted of plastic cups with a volume of 300 ml and were covered with a paper towel, on which the females deposited their eggs. Moisture was provided with a moist cotton pad. The adults were fed a mixture of yeast, honey and sugar. For each female the mode of oviposition (single eggs vs. bundled eggs) was recorded. For three easily recognizable morphotypes a running culture was kept for crossing experiments. The larvae were fed eggs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEB92031DFB758974" box="[957,1167,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Ephestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuhniella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEB92031DFB758974" box="[957,1167,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Ephestia kühniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and at later stages also different species of aphids. Mature larvae were kept singly in glass vials and sexed after eclosion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8E80355FA9A8A70" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BE8E80355FDF6890D" bold="true" box="[199,524,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Morphological assessment.</emphasis>
|
||
Museum specimens, field collected adults, reared adults, and eclosed hybrids were analyzed with a standard protocol sheet for 26 morphological and biological traits (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B40363FFAB505BEC550376FB3489E0" box="[1146,1230,367,392]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Protocol for assessing morphological traits in specimens of species and morphotypes in the prasinus group. See Table 3 and text for details." pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The general aim was to cover all European species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEA4E038CFD3889C4" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[609,706,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEA4E038CFD3889C4" box="[609,706,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, but in the present paper the focus is on traits that separate the main European morphs (here called “prasinoid morphs”) that all key out as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEC0103A0FB5789A7" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1070,1197,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEC0103A0FB5789A7" box="[1070,1197,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">P. prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
according to current literature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BE92503C5FE21899C" author="Aspock, H. & Aspock, U. & Holzel, H." box="[266,475,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" refId="ref8025" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Holzel, H. (1980) Die Neuropteren Europas. Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Systematik, Okologie und Chorologie der Neuropteroidea (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Planipennia) Europas. RFA. Vols. 1 - 2. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 495 & 355 pp." type="book" year="1980">
|
||
Aspöck
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BE94703C4FE63899C" box="[360,409,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
|
||
.1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BE9C903C5FD98899C" author="Plant, C. W." box="[486,610,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" refId="ref9126" refString="Plant, C. W. (1997) A Key to the Adults of British Lacewings and their Allies. Field Studies Council, Shrewsbury, 91 pp." type="book" year="1997">Plant 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BEA4203C5FCD6899C" author="San Martin, G." box="[621,812,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" refId="ref9267" refString="San Martin, G. (2004) Cle de determination des Chrysopidae de Belgique. Jeunes & Nature, Wavre, Belgique, 42 pp." type="book" year="2004">San Martin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BEB1703C5FBFB899D" author="Mazel, R. & Canard, M. & Thierry, D." box="[824,1025,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" pagination="29 - 45" refId="ref8812" refString="Mazel, R., Canard, M. & Thierry, D. (2006) Cles synoptiques des Chrysopidae de France (Neuroptera). Revue de l'Association roussillonnaise d'Entomologie, 15, 29 - 45." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Mazel
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEBAA03C4FC4F899C" box="[901,949,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several of the measured traits were only visible in living specimens. Therefore, the mode of preservation (live, dried, alcohol) was also recorded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAB505BE8B80051FE128A17" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B80051FE128A17" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BE8B80051FEF18A37" bold="true" box="[151,267,584,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Protocol for assessing morphological traits in specimens of species and morphotypes in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BECDB0051FAAA8A37" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1268,1360,584,607]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BECDB0051FAAA8A37" box="[1268,1360,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. See Table 3 and text for details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00083FCAC8AD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,854,666,688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Location: Morpho-Species:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B000DCFD2F8AB2" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,725,708,730]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Date: Sex:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B000F4FC978B6B" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,877,749,771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Collector: Live, dried, alcohol</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B0010FFCBF8B44" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,837,790,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BE8B0010FFCBF8B44" bold="true" box="[159,837,790,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Criteria Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00159FB2E8B3E" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,1236,832,854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Body coloration grass-green, bluish green, bright green, very pale green</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00170FD218B17" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,731,873,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Forewing length mm:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B0018BFBDE8BC0" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,1060,914,936]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
Costal cross veins % black ccv darkness class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAB505BEBC9018BFBE68BC0" box="[998,1052,914,936]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,569,591]" captionTargetBox="[296,1299,206,523]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[260,1327,193,548]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Different portions of black in costal cross veins. Ccv4 is typical for P. ventralis, ccv5 for P. abdominalis and P. zelleri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Fig.3</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B001A5FE388BBA" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,450,956,978]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Costal cross vein, setae pairs</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B001FCFB9B8B93" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,1121,997,1019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
im cell, % dark veins Intramedian cell
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAB505BEB7D01FFFC848B93" box="[850,894,998,1019]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
|
||
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAB505BEC3201FCFBA38B93" box="[1053,1113,997,1019]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,825,847]" captionTargetBox="[174,1427,173,781]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,804]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Different portions of black on the three veins surrounding the intramedian cell (im cell). In im 5 two or three sides contain black or at least speckled parts. Im 6 was observed only in P. abdominalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614227/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00617FC658C4C" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,927,1038,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Outer gradates black, intermediate, pale</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00620FC438C26" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,953,1080,1102]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Vertex color green, yellow, intermediate</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00678FC888C1F" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,882,1121,1143]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Dark spots on scape none, caudal, lateral</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00693FBE28CC8" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,1048,1162,1184]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Interantennal spot oval, pear, triangle or bell-shaped, Y</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B006ADFBF48CA2" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,1038,1204,1226]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Subantennal suture above broad black genal band pale (as clypeus), red, brown, black</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B006C7FC3A8C9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,960,1245,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Two spots on vertex none, reddish, brown, black</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B0071FFBC28D2E" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Spots on dorsal prothorax (pairs) none, one, two, two in a brown band; reddish, brown, black; large, small Spots on lateral prothorax (one side) 2, 3; small, large; reddish, brown, black</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00740FBB08D07" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,1098,1369,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Spots on mesothorax (pairs) 1, 2, twin spots over suture; brown, black</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B0079BFBD48DAA" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Spots on abdominal tergites (pairs) none, 1/segment, 2/segment; on most segm., few segm.; brown, black Abdominal lateral stripes on suture none, few, most segments; large, small</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B007CCFC838D83" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,889,1493,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Ventral side of abdomen green, whitish, black</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B007E6FC518E7C" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,939,1534,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Eggs deposited in bundles, groups, singly</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8B00431FE9A8E56" blockId="2.[151,1437,584,1598]" box="[159,352,1576,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Further comments:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8E80467FBF68EFF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1662,2011]" box="[199,1036,1662,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
Explanation for the traits listed in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B40363FFAB505BEA6A0467FD628EFF" box="[581,664,1662,1687]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Protocol for assessing morphological traits in specimens of species and morphotypes in the prasinus group. See Table 3 and text for details." pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and Annex 1, if not self-evident:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505BE8E804BBFE498F4F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1662,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
Costal cross veins % black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAB505BEA3604BBFDA28ED3" box="[537,600,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,569,591]" captionTargetBox="[296,1299,206,523]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[260,1327,193,548]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Different portions of black in costal cross veins. Ccv4 is typical for P. ventralis, ccv5 for P. abdominalis and P. zelleri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614223/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">Fig.3</figureCitation>
|
||
): The percentage of black in the costal cross veins (ccv) varies among prasinoid morphs, but there are always some ccv with a green or pale center part. Specimens with entirely black ccv were considered to belong to other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEAD704F2FCA28F6A" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[760,856,1771,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEAD704F2FCA28F6A" box="[760,856,1771,1794]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEC2304F2FA9A8F6B" authority="(Brauer, 1856)" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1856" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1036,1376,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEC2304F2FB488F6B" box="[1036,1202,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">P. abdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BECEC04F2FAA28F6B" author="Brauer, F." box="[1219,1368,1770,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" pagination="703 - 708" refId="ref8153" refString="Brauer, F. (1856) Ruckblick auf die im Jahre 1850 beschriebenen osterreichischen Arten der Gattung Chrysopa Leach nebst Beschreibung der Ch. tricolor n. sp. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 6, 703 - 708." type="journal article" year="1856">Brauer, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEDA804F2FE558F4F" authority="(Schneider, 1851)" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1851" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEDA804F2FF278F4E" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">P. zelleri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BE8C40517FE5C8F4F" author="Schneider, W. G." box="[235,422,1806,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" refId="ref9294" refString="Schneider, W. G. (1851) Symbolae ad monographiam generis Chrysopae, Leach. Sexaginta picturarum tabulis, in lapide acu delineatis illustratae, quarum quinquaginta quatuor coloribus impressae sunt, illustratae. Ferdinandum Hirt, Vratislaviae, 175 pp." type="book" year="1851">Schneider, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAB505AE8E8052BFAE48890" blockId="2.[151,1437,1662,2011]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">
|
||
Costal cross veins had a number of paired setae. The number of pairs was counted on the longest ccv of the forewings. In preserved or old specimens, the number of setae was often reduced, so the ccv with the highest number of setae pairs counted on a wing was used.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BEAFC0563FC878FFB" author="Principi, M. M." box="[723,893,1914,1939]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" pagination="319 - 410" refId="ref9156" refString="Principi, M. M. (1956) Contributi allo studio dei Neurotteri Italiani. XIII. Studio morfologico, etologico e sistematico di un gruppo omogeneo di specie del Gen. Chrysopa Leach (C. flavifrons Brauer, prasina Burm. e clathrata Schn.). Bollettino dell'Istituto di Entomologia della Universita degli Studi di Bologna, 21, 319 - 410." type="journal article" year="1956">Principi (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
realized that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505BEC1F0562FB568FFA" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1072,1196,1915,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEC1F0562FB568FFA" box="[1072,1196,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">P. prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not only the shape of the pronotum differed between males and females, but also the pilosity of the veinlets on the wings of males was much denser than that of females.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAB505BEA0805DBFCEE8FB3" author="Aspock, H. & Holzel, H. & Aspock, U." box="[551,788,1986,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" pagination="1 - 606" refId="ref8085" refString="Aspock, H., Holzel, H. & Aspock, U. (2001) Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaarktis. Denisia, 2, 1 - 606." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Aspöck
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505BEAA905DAFD408FB3" box="[646,698,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that in a large part of the distribution range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAB505AEDA805DAFF0288C7" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="513" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="512" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAB505AEDA805DAFF0288C7" italics="true" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="2" pageNumber="512">P. prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
two
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAA505AE91C0281FE9488D8" box="[307,366,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of pilosity occur, often in the same region or even the same habitat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAA505AECA7028EFB3588D8" box="[1160,1231,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,208,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,2007]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Double number of setae on costal cross veins in “furwing” males (4a), as compared to similar numbers in “nonfurwing” males (4b) and females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614225/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). They cautioned, however, that even if that difference in pilosity turned out to reflect separate species, it would be difficult to find the correct species name among the synonymized species, because most of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAA505AEBCC02F9FBE98890" box="[995,1043,224,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAA505AE8B80617FB7C8C2B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614219/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="513" startId="3.[151,250,1038,1060]" targetBox="[340,1247,303,1013]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAA505AE8B80617FB7C8C2B" blockId="3.[151,1435,1038,1091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAA505AE8B80617FEE88C4C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1038,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Two sibling larvae of the “marianus” morph, both reared under long day conditions. The larger one developed into a mature L3, while the small one remained in obligatory diapause for six months as a second instar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAA505AE8B805D7FB6E8F8C" box="[151,1172,1998,2020]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614221/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="513" startId="3.[151,250,1998,2020]" targetBox="[166,1413,1140,1982]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAA505AE8B805D7FB6E8F8C" blockId="3.[151,1172,1998,2020]" box="[151,1172,1998,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAA505AE8B805D7FEE88F8C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1998,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAA505AE93605D7FDEE8F8C" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[281,532,1998,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAA505AE93605D7FDEE8F8C" box="[281,532,1998,2020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">Pseudomallada prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAA505AEA0C05D6FD798F8C" box="[547,643,1999,2020]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAA505AEA0C05D6FD798F8C" box="[547,643,1999,2020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="513">marianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morph), female from Agarone, Ticino, Switzerland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAD505DE8B80020FF268A05" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614223/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" startId="4.[151,250,569,591]" targetBox="[296,1299,206,523]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8B80020FF268A05" blockId="4.[151,1437,569,621]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DE8B80020FEEE8A27" bold="true" box="[151,276,569,591]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Different portions of black in costal cross veins. Ccv4 is typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAD505DEBF10023FBA88A27" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[990,1106,569,591]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DEBF10023FBA88A27" box="[990,1106,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">P. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ccv5 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAD505DEC920023FAAF8A27" baseAuthorityName="Brauer" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1213,1365,569,591]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DEC920023FAAF8A27" box="[1213,1365,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">P. abdominalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAD505DEDA60023FF2C8A05" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zelleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DEDA60023FF2C8A05" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">P. zelleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E8008CFF088ABA" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
The intramedian cell (im) was surrounded by three veins that could be more or less green, speckled, or black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DE8B000A0FF1E8ABA" box="[159,228,697,722]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,825,847]" captionTargetBox="[174,1427,173,781]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,137,804]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Different portions of black on the three veins surrounding the intramedian cell (im cell). In im 5 two or three sides contain black or at least speckled parts. Im 6 was observed only in P. abdominalis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614227/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E800C4FDA58B71" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
The subantennal suture above the broad black genal band could be the same color as the clypeus, i.e. pale (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DED4000C4FF5D8B72" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,2008,2030]" captionTargetBox="[170,1421,928,1988]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[170,1421,928,1988]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Portrait of a “marianus” female without any coloration of the subantennal suture above the black genal stripe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614229/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), or it is red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DE9110118FE788B71" box="[318,386,769,794]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1374,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,193,1353]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1437,193,1353]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Portrait of a “greenhead” female with a red suture under the antenna." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614231/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
), or brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DEA220118FDAB8B71" box="[525,593,769,794]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,193,1325]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Portrait of a “sulfurhead” female with a reddish brown subantennal suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614233/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E8013CFE318B0A" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">The number, color, and size of spots on the prothorax (dorsal and lateral), as well as of the spots on the mesothorax, were assessed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E80174FCBE8BA6" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
The spots on the abdominal tergites are a main discriminant in present keys for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAD505DEC5C0177FB298BED" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[1139,1235,878,901]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DEC5C0177FB298BED" box="[1139,1235,878,901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Five traits were tabulated: presence of spots, one or two pairs of spots per segment, spots present on most or only a few of the segments, spot color brown or black, spot size large or small.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E801C0FA7C8B9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" box="[199,1414,985,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">The lateral abdominal stripes were usually black. They were often not visible, especially in dried specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E801E4FC5C8D79" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DE8E801E4FE3E8C7E" bold="true" box="[199,452,1021,1046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Statistical treatment.</emphasis>
|
||
The initial dataset contained
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEB0A01E7FC288C7E" box="[805,978,1021,1046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="generic">172 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, of which 7 had to be dropped due to missing values. Of the 31 protocolled parameters, 23 could be considered of diagnostic value. Three of these were continuous parameters, measured or counted, that could be subjected to an ANOVA with subsequent TukeyHSD tests and a Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA). Two of them could additionally be coded as factors in three levels each, to be included in a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Of the remaining factorial variables, 12 had to be dropped due to many missing or non-discriminating values, leaving a total of 10 for the MCA. All statistical analyses were performed in R 3.5.2 (R
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAD505DEAFF06CFFC628C86" author="Core Team" box="[720,920,1238,1262]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" refId="ref9223" refString="R Core Team (2018) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from: https: // www. R-project. org / (accessed 12 March 2019)" type="url" year="2018">Core Team, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) using package ‘MASS’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAD505DECED06CCFF2B8D79" author="Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D." pageId="4" pageNumber="514" refId="ref9362" refString="Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D. (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. 4 th Edition. Springer, New York, xi + 495 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 0 - 387 - 21706 - 2" type="book" year="2002">Venables & Ripley 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for QDA and package ‘FactoMineR’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B29FFAD505DEAA506E0FCD38D79" author="Le, S. & Josse, J. & Husson, F." box="[650,809,1273,1297]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref8678" refString="Le, S., Josse, J. & Husson, F. (2008) FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 25 (1), 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.18637 / jss. v 025. i 01" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Le
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DEA9F06E3FD1B8D79" box="[688,737,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for MCA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E80704FEFF8DCA" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DE8E80704FE8C8D5E" bold="true" box="[199,374,1309,1334]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Hybridization.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the above morphological and biological (oviposition) assessment, two prasinoid morphs depositing single eggs were chosen to perform experiments in which they were hybridized with the morph depositing bundled eggs. Stocks from different locations in and around
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DEBF8077CFBA78D16" box="[983,1117,1381,1406]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
were reared to yield virgin offspring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E807B7FE8E8E5A" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
1. The “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAD505DE90B07B7FE748DAD" box="[292,398,1454,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DE90B07B7FE748DAD" box="[292,398,1454,1477]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">marianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” morph (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DE9D307B4FDB78DAE" box="[508,589,1453,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1998,2020]" captionTargetBox="[166,1413,1140,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[166,1413,1140,1982]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pseudomallada prasinus (marianus morph), female from Agarone, Ticino, Switzerland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614221/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DEA7507B7FD808DAE" box="[602,634,1454,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1649,1671]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,772,1628]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,772,1628]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adult female P. prasinus (Faido, Ticino, Switzerland) with pear-shaped black interantennal spot, costal cross veins with a green center part of more than 60%, and an intramedian cell (im cell) surrounded by three mainly white veins. Abdomen without dorsal spots." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614241/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">12</figureCitation>
|
||
): A large species depositing bundled eggs. Frons and vertex green. No red or brown suture below the antennal base. The second instar with obligatory diapause in about half of the larvae, i.e. even under long day conditions. The larval diapause in that morph extended the hybridization experiments over more than one year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E80424FD468E11" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
Material: Follatères VS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DEA2F0424FD738E3E" box="[512,649,1597,1622]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAD505DEA8F0424FCCF8E3E" box="[672,821,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2016-08-31">31.VIII.2016</date>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAD505DEB530427FBB28E3D" box="[892,1096,1597,1621]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAD505DEB530427FBB28E3D" box="[892,1096,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Carpinus betulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEC4D0424FB618E3E" box="[1122,1179,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="female">6♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEC9B0427FB158E3E" box="[1204,1263,1598,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAD505DED280427FD428E11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107017121" collectingDate="2016-09" collectionCode="TI" country="Switzerland" location="Agarone" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE96003FFAD505DED280427FA9D8E3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8:8EE96003FFAD505DED280427FA9D8E3E" box="[1287,1383,1598,1622]" country="Switzerland" name="Agarone" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Agarone</location>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE1DFFAD505DED540427FA628E3D" box="[1403,1432,1598,1621]" country="Japan" name="Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyo" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">TI</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DE8B80478FEDA8E12" box="[151,288,1633,1658]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F0FFAD505DE9040478FE1E8E12" box="[299,484,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2016-09">
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAD505DE9040478FE1E8E12" box="[299,484,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2016-09">September 2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, at light,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEA630478FD7F8E11" box="[588,645,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEABD0478FD428E11" box="[658,696,1633,1657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E8049FFC088F62" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
2. The “greenhead” morph: A small or medium sized species depositing single eggs. Frons pale, Vertex pale green. Red or brown suture below the antennal base. No obligatory diapause in the second larval stage under long day conditions. All males of the strain used for crossing experiments had “furry” wings, i.e. having double the number of setae per costal cross vein. We call them “furwing males” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DEB8904E8FC1F8F62" box="[934,997,1777,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,208,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,2007]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Double number of setae on costal cross veins in “furwing” males (4a), as compared to similar numbers in “nonfurwing” males (4b) and females." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614225/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Fig.4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E8050CFDA78F1E" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
Material: Follatères VS,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DE9CF050CFD938F46" box="[480,617,1813,1838]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAD505DEA5A050FFD138F46" box="[629,745,1813,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2016-10-01">1.X. 2016</date>
|
||
, on oak, willows and riparian bushes,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DECB0050FFB1F8F46" box="[1183,1253,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="female">11♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DECDB050FFAD58F46" box="[1268,1327,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="male">4♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAD505DED13050FFD058F3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107013950" collectingDate="2016-09" collectionCode="TI" collectorName="Agarone" country="Switzerland" location="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="6">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C3530EFFAD505DED13050FFA668F46" box="[1340,1436,1814,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Agarone</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE1DFFAD505DE8B80523FF4E8F39" box="[151,180,1850,1873]" country="Japan" name="Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyo" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">TI</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DE8EF0520FEB38F3A" box="[192,329,1849,1874]" name="Switzerland" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F0FFAD505DE97B0520FDF48F3A" box="[340,526,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2016-09">
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAD505DE97B0520FDF48F3A" box="[340,526,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2016-09">September 2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, at light,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEA560520FD4D8F3A" box="[633,695,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="female">13♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEAEB0520FD058F3A" box="[708,767,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="male">6♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAD505DEB240523FA628F39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107014529" box="[779,1432,1849,1874]" collectingDate="2017-05-07" collectorName="La Spezia LI" country="Italy" location="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C3530EFFAD505DEB240523FC658F39" box="[779,927,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">La Spezia LI</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DEB840520FC258F3A" box="[939,991,1849,1874]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F0FFAD505DEBC40520FBA88F39" box="[1003,1106,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2017-05-07">
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAD505DEBC40520FBA88F39" box="[1003,1106,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2017-05-07">7.V.2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, riparian bushes,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DED380520FAAA8F39" box="[1303,1360,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DED720520FA628F39" box="[1373,1432,1849,1873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAD505DE8B80544FDA28F1E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107007380" box="[151,600,1885,1910]" collectingDate="2017-05-06" collectorName="Follonica TO" country="Italy" location="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C3530EFFAD505DE8B80544FECA8F1E" box="[151,304,1885,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Follonica TO</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAD505DE9150544FE948F1E" box="[314,366,1885,1910]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F0FFAD505DE9550544FE1B8F1E" box="[378,481,1885,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2017-05-06">
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAD505DE9550544FE1B8F1E" box="[378,481,1885,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" value="2017-05-06">6.V.2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DE9C20547FDDC8F1E" box="[493,550,1886,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAD505DEA1C0547FDA28F1E" box="[563,600,1886,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAD505DE8E80598FA788FD6" blockId="4.[151,1437,661,1982]" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">
|
||
3. The “sulfurhead” morph: A medium sized species depositing single eggs. Frons pale, vertex bright yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A5DFFAD505DE8B005BCFF1E8FD6" box="[159,228,1957,1982]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1151,1173]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1130]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1130]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. “Sulfurhead” male with yellow vertex and large twin dots (brown and black) on mesothorax. All males in the prasinus group have a broad, almost trapezoid pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614235/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="514">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subantennal suture red or brown. Mainly Mediterranean. Males of bred stock never with “furry” wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAC505CE8B805B9FE118FBD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614225/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="515" startId="5.[151,250,1952,1974]" targetBox="[151,1436,208,1850]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAC505CE8B805B9FE118FBD" blockId="5.[151,1436,1952,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="515">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAC505CE8B805B9FEEE8FDE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1952,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="515">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Double number of setae on costal cross veins in “furwing” males (4a), as compared to similar numbers in “nonfurwing” males (4b) and females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAF505FE8B80120FC238B06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614227/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="516" startId="6.[151,250,825,847]" targetBox="[174,1427,173,781]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAF505FE8B80120FC238B06" blockId="6.[151,1436,825,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAF505FE8B80120FEE88B27" bold="true" box="[151,274,825,847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Different portions of black on the three veins surrounding the intramedian cell (im cell). In im 5 two or three sides contain black or at least speckled parts. Im 6 was observed only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAF505FEB130140FC338B06" box="[828,969,856,878]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAF505FEB130140FC338B06" box="[828,969,856,878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="516">P. abdominali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAF505FE8B805C1FA8B8F86" box="[151,1393,2008,2030]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614229/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="516" startId="6.[151,250,2008,2030]" targetBox="[170,1421,928,1988]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAF505FE8B805C1FA8B8F86" blockId="6.[151,1393,2008,2030]" box="[151,1393,2008,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="516">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAF505FE8B805C1FEE88F86" bold="true" box="[151,274,2008,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="516">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Portrait of a “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAF505FE98C05C0FDF88F86" box="[419,514,2009,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="516" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAF505FE98C05C0FDF88F86" box="[419,514,2009,2030]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="516">marianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” female without any coloration of the subantennal suture above the black genal stripe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF496650FFAE505EE8B80747FC298D1C" box="[151,979,1374,1396]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2614231/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" startId="7.[151,250,1374,1396]" targetBox="[151,1437,193,1353]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAE505EE8B80747FC298D1C" blockId="7.[151,979,1374,1396]" box="[151,979,1374,1396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EE8B80747FEE88D1C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1374,1396]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Portrait of a “greenhead” female with a red suture under the antenna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32C6553FFAE505EE8E80782FE768FB8" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAE505EE8E80782FE348DB0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1435,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EE8E80782FEC28DDC" bold="true" box="[199,312,1435,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Material:</emphasis>
|
||
Le Mui VAR,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAE505EE9C90785FDCF8DDB" box="[486,565,1436,1459]" name="France" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAE505EEA6D0782FD198DDC" box="[578,739,1435,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" value="2016-09-15">15. Sept 2016</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAE505EEADF0785FCD38DDC" box="[752,809,1436,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAE505EEB170785FCA78DDC" box="[824,861,1436,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAE505EEB440782FB158DDC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107011251" box="[875,1263,1435,1460]" collectingDate="2016-09-01" collectionCode="IM" collectorName="Olivetta" country="Italy" location="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C3530EFFAE505EEB440782FC3F8DDC" box="[875,965,1435,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Olivetta</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED27AE1DFFAE505EEBE10785FC098DDB" box="[974,1011,1436,1459]" country="India" name="Indian Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">IM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAE505EEC2F0782FBCE8DDC" box="[1024,1076,1435,1460]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F0FFAE505EEC6E0785FB238DDC" box="[1089,1241,1435,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" value="2016-09-01">
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAE505EEC6E0785FB238DDC" box="[1089,1241,1435,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" value="2016-09-01">Sept. 2016, 1</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
♀
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAE505EECD10782FE308DB0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107016395" collectingDate="2017-05-06" collectorName="Follonica TO" country="Italy" location="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C3530EFFAE505EECD10782FA628DDC" box="[1278,1432,1435,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Follonica TO</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAE505EE8B807A6FF318DB0" box="[151,203,1471,1496]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F0FFAE505EE8F907A6FEC48DB0" box="[214,318,1471,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" value="2017-05-06">
|
||
<date id="FF881018FFAE505EE8F907A6FEC48DB0" box="[214,318,1471,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" value="2017-05-06">6.V.2017</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAE505EE96607D9FE788DB0" box="[329,386,1472,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D30FD51FFAE505EE9A007D9FE308DB0" box="[399,458,1472,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAE505EE8E807FAFB648E2C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1435,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">
|
||
The main goal of the hybridization experiments was to see whether the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAE505EEBDF07FDFBA08D93" box="[1008,1114,1508,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EEBDF07FDFBA08D93" box="[1008,1114,1508,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">marianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” morph that is characterized by bundled eggs and obligatory diapause in about half of the larvae in the second stage was reproductively isolated from the two other morphs that are characterized by single eggs and no obligatory diapause.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAE505EE8E80456FB2D8ED8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1435,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Single virgin female offspring from females with known egg deposition (bundled or single) were paired with males of one of the other two morphs, or as a control with males of the same morph. Crosses between the two morphs with single eggs are part of an ongoing project and data are not yet ready for publication.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAE505EE8E804A2FAB88E90" blockId="7.[151,1437,1435,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">The forced couples were kept in cups of 300 ml and fed a standard Wheast diet. The total number of eggs deposited by each of the females within four weeks was recorded, as well as the number of hatched larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936D8FFAE505EE8E8051AFE768FB8" blockId="7.[151,1437,1435,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EE8E8051AFD918F74" bold="true" box="[199,619,1795,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAE505EE985051AFD918F74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107011858" box="[426,619,1795,1820]" location="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAE505EE985051AFE278F74" box="[426,477,1795,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EE96003FFAE505EEA56051AFD5F8F74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8:8EE96003FFAE505EEA56051AFD5F8F74" box="[633,677,1795,1820]" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">The</location>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAE505EEA9D051DFB2D8F28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107007415" country="Germany" location="The" municipality="Zoological Museum in Halle" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAE505EEA9D051DFD188F74" box="[690,738,1796,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAE505EEBA4051DFB6D8F74" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" box="[907,1175,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Pseudomallada" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prasinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EEBA4051DFBF78F73" box="[907,1037,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">P. prasinus</emphasis>
|
||
Burmeister
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was examined at the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACA2FFAE505EE8B8053EFE278F28" box="[151,477,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Zoological Museum in Halle</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAE505EE9C50531FDA98F28" box="[490,595,1832,1856]" name="Germany" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
, using the standard protocol sheet.
|
||
<location id="8EE96003FFAE505EEBCF053EFBF68F28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8:8EE96003FFAE505EEBCF053EFBF68F28" box="[992,1036,1831,1856]" country="Germany" municipality="Zoological Museum in Halle" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">The</location>
|
||
description of the
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAE505EECF00531FF398FE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107007630" country="Germany" county="Museum" location="The" municipality="Natural History in Vienna" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAE505EECF00531FAF58F28" box="[1247,1295,1832,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen at the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62E84E54FFAE505EE8ED0555FEDE8F0B" box="[194,292,1868,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Museum</collectingCounty>
|
||
for
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACA2FFAE505EE9790552FD878F0C" box="[342,637,1867,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Natural History in Vienna</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAE505EEA890555FC788F0B" authority="Brauer" authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1850" box="[678,898,1868,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coerulea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EEA890555FCD18F0C" box="[678,811,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">C. coerulea</emphasis>
|
||
Brauer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with mention of eggs and larvae, was studied.
|
||
<location id="8EE96003FFAE505EE8B80576FF398FE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8:8EE96003FFAE505EE8B80576FF398FE0" box="[151,195,1903,1928]" country="Germany" county="Museum" municipality="Natural History in Vienna" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">The</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C85FFAE505EE8E60569FE618FC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2107012725" country="Belgium" location="For" municipality="Institut Royale des Science Naturelles" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAE505EE8E60569FF038FE0" box="[201,249,1904,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D5BFFAE505EE9A20569FD8B8FE0" authority="Wesmael" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1841" box="[397,625,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Chrysopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspersa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EE9A20569FDFF8FE0" box="[397,517,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">C. aspersa</emphasis>
|
||
Wesmael
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was examined at the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACA2FFAE505EEB4F0576FAF38FE0" box="[864,1289,1903,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Institut Royale des Science Naturelles</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
de
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3217648FFAE505EED1F0576FA628FE0" box="[1328,1432,1903,1928]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Belgique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F2F83AFFAE505EE8B8058AFF008FC4" box="[151,250,1939,1964]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">Brussels</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EE96003FFAE505EE929058DFED78FC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CEFFA8505EE8B8069BFE768FB8:8EE96003FFAE505EE929058DFED78FC3" box="[262,301,1940,1963]" country="Belgium" municipality="Institut Royale des Science Naturelles" name="For" pageId="7" pageNumber="517" stateProvince="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale">For</location>
|
||
the other
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="548D887AFFAE505EE98B058DFE2E8FC4" box="[420,468,1940,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens, information was gleaned from the original descriptions or reassessments (Legrand
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EACAFFAE505EE92B05A0FECC8FB8" box="[260,310,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="517">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |