treatments-xml/data/03/9F/87/039F87CCFFFAD712FF1DFB2A414FF901.xml

<document id="2F7BD9C3E30D29CF8D7BBC6E470DA1C6" ID-CLB-Dataset="3020" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5081.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="809cfaae-93e2-4279-a49c-d98141d81982" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5771693" ID-ZooBank="CF7094EB-5966-422E-AECF-FE0E4371974D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639128500692" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Medianero, Enrique, Nicholls, James A., Stone, Graham N. &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis" docDate="2021" docId="039F87CCFFFAD712FF1DFB2A414FF901" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5081.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5081 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Prokius lisethiae Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="218" masterDocId="FFA6FFB4FFF1D71DFF8AFFCE453BFFBC" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Neotropical oak gall wasp, Prokius Nieves-Aldrey, Medianero &amp; Nicholls, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with description of two new species from Panama" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="203" pageNumber="214" updateTime="1699472224657" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6F176E2A5463E15CEAD9CB412340F15D">A new genus of Neotropical oak gall wasp, Prokius Nieves-Aldrey, Medianero &amp; Nicholls, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini), with description of two new species from Panama</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A1977559767D1E881C9EBADDFF142612">Medianero, Enrique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96CF436CEB1D52D2B3929F6B834ABD9F">Universidad de Panamá, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología &amp; Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado. C. P. 0824. enrique. medianero @ up. ac. pa CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. Email: james. nicholls @ csiro. au Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K. &amp; enrique. medianero @ up. ac. pa; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8430 - 9034</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E5A41ED8DA62C1068E9D3515A9512168">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C172B7113340972523BA45E6EA46E2FF">james. nicholls @ csiro. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9325 - 563 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="785AFFB8C53371AB311FD46E01FEE1F7">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BDA3A5EC23EF6129D13EF57F85C314C">graham. stone @ ed. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2737 - 696 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4054009CFFF2C88797A1E435F35CA06F">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="22DA0A8681312C98BBFB61CA4F3C6D7C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4711-7455</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E21A1D78A2692F12FA434E7737F3C6DB">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, C / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, ES- 28006 Madrid, Spain. &amp; aldrey @ mncn. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4711 - 7455</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FF1DFB2A4459FB43" bold="true" box="[151,354,1252,1279]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Prokius lisethiae</emphasis>
Medianero &amp; Nieves-Aldrey
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(
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFAD716FF15FAC7443CFA9F" box="[159,263,1289,1315]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Figs. 3-4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFAD716FE98FAC74424FA98" box="[274,287,1289,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1815,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,414,1790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. Light microscopy photos. (A) Habitus male paratype. (B) Habitus female holotype. (E) Forewing; Prokius cambrai, sp. nov. (C) Habitus male paratype. (D) Habitus female holotype. (F) Forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771707/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">5</figureCitation>
A-B, 5E, 6D-E)
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. 
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<typeStatus id="548D8878FFFAD716FEC0FA5D4489FA11" box="[330,434,1427,1453]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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; in Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain (
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), cardmounted). 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE02501DFFFAD716FCC3FA7946CCFA6E" box="[841,1015,1463,1490]" degrees="82" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" precision="1" seconds="39.9" value="-82.527756">82°31´39.9” W</geoCoordinate>
, 
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<elevation id="001BD1E9FFFAD716FB8EFA764164FA6E" box="[1028,1119,1464,1490]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; 
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gall on leaf of 
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<location id="8EE96001FFFAD716FAB4FA76444EFA49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CCFFFAD712FF1DFB2A414FF901:8EE96001FFFAD716FAB4FA76444EFA49" country="Panama" latitude="8.776889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.527756" municipality="Volcan Baru" name="Quercus bumelioides Liebm" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Chiriqui">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FAB4FA764425FA49" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
Liebm
</location>
. (
<location id="8EE96001FFFAD716FE00FA1244C3FA4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87CCFFFAD712FF1DFB2A414FF901:8EE96001FFFAD716FE00FA1244C3FA4A" box="[394,504,1500,1526]" country="Panama" latitude="8.776889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-82.527756" municipality="Volcan Baru" name="Fagaceae" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" stateProvince="Chiriqui">Fagaceae</location>
)
</taxonomicName>
, gall collected 
<date id="FF88101AFFFAD716FD3BFA154626FA49" box="[689,797,1499,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" value="2019-01-12">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F2FFFAD716FD3BFA154626FA49" box="[689,797,1499,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" value="2019-01-12">12.i.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, insect emerged 
<date id="FF88101AFFFAD716FC6AFA154112FA49" box="[992,1065,1499,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" value="2019-01">
<collectingDate id="EFCCE9F2FFFAD716FC6AFA154112FA49" box="[992,1065,1499,1525]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" value="2019-01">i.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26C3530CFFFAD716FBB2FA1241E8FA49" box="[1080,1235,1499,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">E. Medianero</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="548D8878FFFAD716FA9AFA1240BAFA4A" box="[1296,1409,1500,1526]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
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and 
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; 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FE17F9CE4731F9A5" box="[413,522,1535,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
with same data as 
<typeStatus id="548D8878FFFAD716FD6EFA314671F9A5" box="[740,842,1535,1561]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FCDCF9CE4695F9A5" box="[854,942,1535,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FC6DF9CE416CF9A5" box="[999,1111,1535,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
, Volcan Barú, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFAD716FB74FA3140ACF9A6" box="[1278,1431,1535,1562]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7305" metricValueMax="2.78" metricValueMin="2.681" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="2730.5" valueMax="2780.0" valueMin="2681.0">2681-2780 m</quantity>
, galls collected 
<date id="FF88101AFFFAD716FECAF9ED4497F981" box="[320,428,1571,1597]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" value="2009-01-27">27.i.2009</date>
, E. Medianero leg. 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FD02F9EA47EFF981" box="[648,724,1571,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FC81F9EA4657F981" box="[779,876,1571,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548D8878FFFAD716FCFEF9EA46E4F982" box="[884,991,1572,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in ethanol; 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FBEFF9EA41FDF981" box="[1125,1222,1571,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548D8878FFFAD716FB44F9EA4015F982" box="[1230,1326,1572,1598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
extracted for DNA. 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FE87F98644A7F9DE" box="[269,412,1608,1634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">11 paratypes</specimenCount>
in 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE1FFFFAD716FE4EF9864720F9DE" box="[452,539,1608,1634]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FDA2F9894791F9DE" box="[552,682,1607,1634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">6 paratypes</specimenCount>
(in ethanol) in Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F838FFFAD716FACEF98940A6F9DD" box="[1348,1437,1607,1633]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Panamá</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE1FFFFAD716FF15F9A245C8F93A" box="[159,243,1644,1670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">MEUP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFAD716FF4DF9414750F971" blockId="11.[151,1437,1427,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3C87FFFAD716FF4DF941475CF971" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417041302" collectionCode="MNCN" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
Additionally, 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FEEBF95E4497F915" box="[353,428,1679,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="9D30FD53FFFAD716FE6EF95E477EF915" box="[484,581,1679,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="548D8878FFFAD716FDC6F95E4797F916" box="[588,684,1680,1706]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of the type series were dissected for SEM observation (in 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE1FFFFAD716FAB5F95E40AEF916" box="[1343,1429,1680,1706]" country="Spain" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35275" name="Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="Museum">MNCN</collectionCode>
) and are preserved mounted on their stubs
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6551FFFAD716FF4DF9164654F94D" box="[199,879,1751,1778]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFAD716FF4DF9164654F94D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1427,2030]" box="[199,879,1751,1778]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FF4DF9164473F94E" bold="true" box="[199,328,1752,1778]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after Liseth, daughter of the first author.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6551FFFAD711FF4DF9354408FED9" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFAD711FF4DF9354408FED9" blockId="11.[151,1437,1427,2030]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,150,357]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FF4DF93544C1F8AA" bold="true" box="[199,506,1787,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Diagnosis and comments.</emphasis>
Closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FD50F932466FF8A9" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[730,852,1787,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FD50F932466FF8A9" box="[730,852,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in most morphological characteristics. The species differs mainly in the sculpturing of the head, the relative width and height of head in anterior view, number of antennal segments, and lengths of the median mesoscutal impression and R1. The front of the head in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FAABF88A40A7F8E1" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1313,1436,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FAABF88A40A7F8E1" box="[1313,1436,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is alutaceous whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FE38F8A64717F83D" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[434,556,1895,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FE38F8A64717F83D" box="[434,556,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is smooth to slightly alutaceous. In anterior view the head of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FA8CF8A640BAF83D" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1286,1409,1895,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FA8CF8A640BAF83D" box="[1286,1409,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 1.3× wider than high whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FD8FF8424745F819" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[517,638,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FD8FF8424745F819" box="[517,638,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is 1.2× wider than high. 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FC21F845415DF819" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[939,1126,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FC21F845415DF819" box="[939,1126,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">Prokius lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has antennae containing 15 segments in both sexes whereas 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FD8BF87E4742F875" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[513,633,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FD8BF87E4742F875" box="[513,633,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has antennae with 14 segments in females and 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFAD716FB00F86141F8F875" box="[1162,1219,1967,1994]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
males. The median mesoscutal impression in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FE3CF81A4714F851" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[438,559,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FE3CF81A4714F851" box="[438,559,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is complete whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FCB2F81A4694F851" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[824,943,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FCB2F81A4694F851" box="[824,943,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is present but very short. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFAD716FB74F81A404EF851" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1278,1397,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFAD716FB74F81A404EF851" box="[1278,1397,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="214">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R1 is always complete, reaching the wing margin, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FCABFF5946A0FF0D" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[801,923,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FCABFF5946A0FF0D" box="[801,923,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the R1 is sometimes faint or absent (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFDD711FABCFF5940ABFF0D" box="[1334,1424,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1815,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,414,1790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. Light microscopy photos. (A) Habitus male paratype. (B) Habitus female holotype. (E) Forewing; Prokius cambrai, sp. nov. (C) Habitus male paratype. (D) Habitus female holotype. (F) Forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771707/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FF1DFF7545CFFF69" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,244,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Andricus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">A minor</taxonomicName>
difference is that 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FE36FF75470FFF69" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[444,564,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FE36FF75470FFF69" box="[444,564,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dense patch of setae at the anterior end of the second metasomal tergum whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FE90FF1144ADFF45" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[282,406,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FE90FF1144ADFF45" box="[282,406,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the second metasomal tergum has scattered setae rather than a dense patch. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FAA8FF1140A7FF45" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1314,1436,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FAA8FF1140A7FF45" box="[1314,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the posterior margins of the axillula are indistinct whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FCC8FECD4687FEA1" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[834,956,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FCC8FECD4687FEA1" box="[834,956,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are distinct. Finally, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FB73FECD404FFEA1" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1273,1396,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FB73FECD404FFEA1" box="[1273,1396,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the apical margin of the wing has a fringe of long hairs, whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FCE6FEE946DDFEFD" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[876,998,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambrai">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FCE6FEE946DDFEFD" box="[876,998,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">P. cambrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the apical margin of wing has a fringe of short hairs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF496652FFFDD711FF1DF883470DF86F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771711" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5771711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771711/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" startId="12.[151,260,1869,1895]" targetBox="[179,1408,378,1844]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFDD711FF1DF883470DF86F" blockId="12.[151,1436,1869,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FF1DF883441BF8DB" bold="true" box="[151,288,1869,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFDD711FEAFF880474BF8DB" authority="Kinsey, 1937" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1937" box="[293,624,1869,1895]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perlentum">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFDD711FEAFF88044EEF8DB" box="[293,469,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="215">Dros perlentum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B2BFFFDD711FE50F883474BF8DB" author="Kinsey, A. C." box="[474,624,1869,1895]" pageId="12" pageNumber="215" pagination="39 - 79" refId="ref10472" refString="Kinsey, A. C. (1937) New Mexican Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Revista de Entomologia, 7 (1), 39 - 79." type="journal article" year="1937">Kinsey, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM photos of asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Mesosoma, lateral view. (C) Propodeum. (D) Mesosoma, dorsal view. (E) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view. (F) Metatarsal claw. Reproduced with permission from Johan Liljeblad and Fredrik Ronquist, copyright holders of the images in Morphbank.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF496652FFFCD710FF1DFB69470DFAEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5771713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771713/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" startId="13.[151,260,1191,1217]" targetBox="[151,1437,179,1167]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFCD710FF1DFB69470DFAEE" blockId="13.[151,1436,1191,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFCD710FF1DFB69441CFB7D" bold="true" box="[151,295,1191,1217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Selected SEM photos of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFCD710FDEFFB6647FCFB7E" box="[613,711,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cynipini">Cynipini</taxonomicName>
genera morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFCD710FBF8FB6641F3FB7E" authority="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2021" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1138,1224,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFCD710FBF8FB6641F3FB7E" box="[1138,1224,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Prokius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157B3FFFCD710FB5CFB66407CFB7E" box="[1238,1351,1192,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFCD710FB5CFB66407BFB7E" bold="true" box="[1238,1344,1192,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">gen. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A–B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFCD710FF1DFB024765FB5A" authority="Yasumatsu, 1951" authorityName="Yasumatsu" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,606,1227,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuriphilus">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFCD710FF1DFB0244A1FB5A" box="[151,410,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Dryocosmus kuriphilus</emphasis>
Yasumatsu, 1951
</taxonomicName>
, asexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Spine of hypopygium, ventral view. (C–D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFCD710FEA6FB3E47ACFAB6" authority="(Olivier, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[300,663,1264,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Biorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFCD710FEA6FB3E44DFFAB6" box="[300,484,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Biorhiza pallida</emphasis>
(Olivier, 1791)
</taxonomicName>
, sexual female. (C) Head, anterior view. (D) Spine of hypopygium, ventral view (C and D images reproduced with permission from Johan Liljeblad and Fredrik Ronquist, copyright holders of the images in Morphbank.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32C6551FFFCD712FF4DFAB147EEFA18" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFCD710FF4DFAB14018F996" blockId="13.[151,1437,1407,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFCD710FF4DFAB14462FA26" bold="true" box="[199,345,1407,1434]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Description.</emphasis>
Body length 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFCD710FE78FA4E4772FA26" box="[498,585,1408,1434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
(range 1.9 – 2.4­­; N = 4­­) for females; 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFCD710FC79FA4E410EFA26" box="[1011,1077,1408,1434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
(range 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFCD710FB01FA4E401EFA26" box="[1163,1317,1408,1434]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="216" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.9">1.9 – 2.1 mm</quantity>
; N =3) for males. Body predominantly orange to reddish orange; frons and sides of the head orange-brownish; lower head and mouth parts orange; mesosoma orange, parts of mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum darker; metasoma orange-reddish; scape and pedicel of antenna yellowish, antennal flagellum darker; legs entirely yellow except for distally darker metatibia. Forewing hyaline with some very light infumation; veins dark brown to black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFCD710FF4DF9FA4123F80A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1407,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">
Sexual female. Head alutaceous, with sparse white setae, denser on face and malar space; in dorsal view about 2.3× wider than long. POL 2× as long as OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by 2× its greatest diameter. Head in anterior view (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFCD710FD92F9B24748F92A" box="[536,627,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) 1.3× times wider than high, gena not expanded behind eyes. Vertex, frons and gena slightly alutaceous. Face smooth and moderately pubescent with piliferous punctures. Clypeus more or less trapezoidal, 1.4× as wide as high, mostly smooth and slightly pubescent; ventral margin straight, slightly projecting over mandibles. Anterior tentorial pits visible; epistomal sulcus apparent, clypeo-pleurostomal lines visible. Malar space 0.26× height of compound eye. Malar (subocular) sulcus absent. Facial striae radiating from clypeus very short, barely distinct. Toruli situated above mid-height of compound eye; distance between antennal rim and compound eye 0.8× width of antennal socket including rim. Ocellar plate not raised. Head from posterior view (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFCD710FF55F8B64403F82E" box="[223,312,1912,1938]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) without occipital carina. Gula short; distance between occipital and oral foramina as high as the occipital foramen (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFCD710FEE1F85244F8F80A" box="[363,451,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="216">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Hypostomal sulci clearly separated from oral fossa.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF496652FFFFD713FF1DF8A24444F84E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771717" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5771717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771717/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" startId="14.[151,260,1900,1926]" targetBox="[164,1423,182,1874]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFFD713FF1DF8A24444F84E" blockId="14.[151,1436,1900,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFFD713FF1DF8A2441AF83A" bold="true" box="[151,289,1900,1926]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Majority-rule consensus tree showing the phylogenetic relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFFD713FBDEF8A24191F83A" authority="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, 2021" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[1108,1194,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFFD713FBDEF8A24191F83A" box="[1108,1194,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">Prokius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFFD713FB38F8A34027F83B" bold="true" box="[1202,1308,1901,1927]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157B3FFFFD713FB38F8A34027F83B" box="[1202,1308,1901,1927]" pageId="14" pageNumber="217" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
based on a Bayesian analysis of a concatenation of three loci (cytochrome b, the D2 region of the 28S rRNA gene and longwavelength opsin). Numbers above nodes indicate posterior probability support; the new genus is highlighted by the grey shaded box.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFF5944B4FF4B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FEDDFF5944A5FF0D" box="[343,414,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Figs 3</figureCitation>
A-B): mandibles exposed, with setae at base, right mandible with three teeth, left with two teeth. Cardo of maxilla visible, maxillary stipes about 2.0× longer than wide. Maxillary palp five-segmented. Labial palp three-segmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFECE4442FE1B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Antenna (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FEB9FECE44BFFEA6" box="[307,388,256,282]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
) of moderate length, as long as 1/2 body length, with 13 flagellomeres; flagellum not broadening towards apex; with relatively long, erect setae, and elongate placodeal sensilla visible only on flagellar segments 3–12. Relative lengths of antennal segments: 17:16:32:25:22:21:18:18:17:16:16:15:14:14:13. Pedicel sub-globose, 0.9× as long as scape; F1–F11 gradually decreasing in length. F1 1.3 times as long as F2. F13 1.4× longer than wide, 0.9× as long as F12.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFE7F461EFDAD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Mesosoma. Smooth, slightly pubescent, in lateral view as high as long, strongly convex dorsally. Pronotum smooth, slightly pubescent; with long setae (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FDF5FE1D47EEFE52" box="[639,725,467,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pronotum short medially, ratio of length of pronotum medially/ laterally = 0.2. Pronotal plate indistinct dorsally (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FD34FE394623FDAD" box="[702,792,503,529]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFDD44708FCF2" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Mesonotum (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FED6FDD444EDFD88" box="[348,470,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum smooth, sparsely pubescent with scattered setae anteriorly and laterally, with setae scattered along the notauli. Notauli complete, smooth, broad, deep and convergent posteriorly, median mesoscutal impression visible without anteroadmedian signa and parapsidal signa. Transscutal fissure clearly visible, deeply impressed and nearly straight. Scutellar foveae well differentiated, deep, internally the foveae not separated by a septum, their posterior margins indistinct. Mesoscutellum (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FBA2FD6941BEFD7D" box="[1064,1157,679,705]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
), rectangular to slightly trapezoidal, marginated, delimited completely by distinct carina, about 0.5× length of mesoscutum, 0.8× as long as wide, smooth and slightly pubescent; in lateral view extended posteriorly over dorsellum. Axillula moderately pubescent, their anterior and posterior margins marked. Mesopleuron smooth, speculum glabrous; mesopleural triangle slightly pubescent (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FE44FCFD471DFCF2" box="[462,550,819,846]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFC994448FC67" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Metanotum (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FED1FC99448EFCCD" box="[347,437,855,881]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FE4EFC9944D1FCCD" box="[452,490,855,881]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">4A</figureCitation>
). Metapectal-propodeal complex. Metapleural sulcus reaching posterior margin of mesopectus at about two thirds its height (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FDF7FCB447ECFC28" box="[637,727,890,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Lateral propodeal carinae distinct, bent strongly outwards at mid height, central propodeal area smooth, glabrous, lateral propodeal area smooth, with dense white setae (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FAE5FC534585FC66" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Nucha rugose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFC2A413BFC42" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" box="[199,1024,995,1022]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Legs. Slightly pubescent; metatarsal claws without a basal lobe (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FC11FC2D46C8FC42" box="[923,1011,995,1022]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFBC94640FB36" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FEC9FBC944A3FB9D" box="[323,408,1030,1057]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1815,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,414,1790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. Light microscopy photos. (A) Habitus male paratype. (B) Habitus female holotype. (E) Forewing; Prokius cambrai, sp. nov. (C) Habitus male paratype. (D) Habitus female holotype. (F) Forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771707/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
) slightly infused and longer than body; basal cell with some rows of setae; radial cell 4.0× longer than wide; open along anterior margin; areolet triangular, closed and distinct. Rs nearly straight, reaching wing margin. R1 absent. Rs+M reaching basalis at its mid-height. 2r well pigmented, angulate and projecting slightly medially. Apical margin of wing with fringe of long hairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFB5A47F6FA86" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FEC6FB5D449FFB12" box="[332,420,1171,1198]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) large, as long as head and mesosoma combined, in lateral view as wide as high. Second metasomal tergum covering about 2/3 of metasoma, with scattered setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine short (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FF2AFB1445C1FB48" box="[160,250,1242,1268]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
), as long as wide in lateral view; in ventral view the same width along its entire length and with a blunt cleft apex; the hypopygial spine bearing long and thick setae, arranged in pairs perpendicular to spine margins and extending slightly beyond apex of spine (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FDECFAEE47FAFA86" box="[614,705,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,260,1170,1196]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,180,1146]" captionTargetId="figure-19@9.[151,1436,179,1146]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. SEM photos, sexual female (A) Propodeum. (B) Metatarsal claw. (C) Metasoma, lateral view. (D) Detail of the ventral spine of the hypopygium, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771705" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771705/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFA8D47EEFA18" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
Male (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FE99FA8D4454FAE2" box="[275,367,1347,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,260,1815,1841]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,414,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-125@10.[151,1436,414,1790]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov.. Light microscopy photos. (A) Habitus male paratype. (B) Habitus female holotype. (E) Forewing; Prokius cambrai, sp. nov. (C) Habitus male paratype. (D) Habitus female holotype. (F) Forewing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771707/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Similar to female except as follows: Placodeal sensilla present on flagellomeres 1–13 (
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FAE5FA8D4583FA3D" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,260,1941,1967]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[161,1426,179,1917]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov., SEM photos of paratype, sexual female. (A) Head, anterior view. (B) Head, posterior view. (C) Mesosoma, lateral view. (D) Mesosoma dorsal view. (E) Female antenna. (F) Male antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771703/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
). Relative length of antennomeres: 20:15:42:31:26:25:23:22:20:20:19:19:17:17:17. Metasoma smaller than in female; second tergum 0.6× total metasoma length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6551FFFED712FF4DFA634469F9E8" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFA634105FA7B" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" box="[199,1086,1453,1480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFED712FF4DFA63447FFA7B" bold="true" box="[199,324,1453,1479]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Host plant</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFED712FED8FA6347B4FA7B" authority="Liebm" authorityName="Liebm" box="[338,655,1453,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bumelioides">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFED712FED8FA634705FA7B" box="[338,574,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Quercus bumelioides</emphasis>
Liebm
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFED712FD17FA634631FA7B" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[669,778,1453,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFED712FC9FFA634649FA7B" box="[789,882,1453,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
section 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFED712FC5AFA634109FA7B" box="[976,1074,1453,1479]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DFA1E4469F9E8" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFED712FF4DFA1E45C1FA56" bold="true" box="[199,250,1488,1514]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Gall</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130D2A5FFFFED712FE80FA1E4463FA57" box="[266,344,1488,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,260,1108,1134]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1084]" captionTargetId="figure-19@11.[151,1436,179,1084]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Prokius cambrai, sp. nov.. (A–C) Fresh galls on leaves of Quercus bumelioides. Prokius lisethiae, sp. nov. (D) Fresh galls and (E) Old dried galls on leaves of Quercus bumelioides." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5771709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5771709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
D-E). Galls have a spherical to lenticular shape with a smooth surface. They grow on the edge of the leaf blade, deforming the new leaf, measuring 5 × 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFED712FD7BFA3A460FF9B2" box="[753,820,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Galls typically grow in close clusters of 2–20 galls per leaf. The galls are reddish green when fresh and brown when mature. Galls are relatively abundant around Volcán Barú in 
<collectingCountry id="F321764AFFFED712FF7BF9F44476F9E8" box="[241,333,1594,1620]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6551FFFED712FF4DF99341E4F9C4" box="[199,1247,1629,1656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DF99341E4F9C4" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" box="[199,1247,1629,1656]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFED712FF4DF9934462F9CB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1629,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Distribution</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D59FFFED712FEEDF993471FF9CB" authorityName="Medianero &amp; Nicholls &amp; Stone &amp; Nieves-Aldrey" authorityYear="2021" box="[359,548,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Prokius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lisethiae">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFED712FEEDF993471FF9CB" box="[359,548,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Prokius lisethiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to 
<quantity id="4CCE9B3FFFFED712FD48F9934625F9C4" box="[706,798,1629,1656]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="3000.0">3,000 m</quantity>
a.s.l. at Volcán Barú, 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F838FFFED712FB99F9934148F9CB" box="[1043,1139,1629,1655]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F321764AFFFED712FBF5F99041E0F9C4" box="[1151,1243,1630,1656]" name="Panama" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Panama</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6551FFFED712FF4DF94E414FF901" pageId="15" pageNumber="218" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8936DAFFFED712FF4DF94E414FF901" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1726]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">
<emphasis id="B942EAC8FFFED712FF4DF94E441AF926" bold="true" box="[199,289,1664,1690]" pageId="15" pageNumber="218">Biology</emphasis>
. Only the sexual generation is known. Young galls are present in January during the dry season, growing on new leaves. The adult insects emerge from mature galls in late January and February.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>