307 lines
44 KiB
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307 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="11AC689AD42D0FA9D7B6D0659AF723DD" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12365" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10109469" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630239629743" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Kelly, Michelle & Cárdenas, Paco" docDate="2016" docId="039F87ABFFA9FFA09A3AF952FAC5F01D" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj12365.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 177 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12365" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Stupenda singularis Kelly & Cárdenas 2016, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docUuid="483585DD-F7DD-4B02-AFD8-3377CCF61E9D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="346" masterDocId="FFA6FFD3FFA0FFAB9B26FF86FFA3F37B" masterDocTitle="An unprecedented new genus and family of Tetractinellida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from New Zealand’s Colville Ridge, with a new type of mitochondrial group I intron" masterLastPageNumber="352" masterPageNumber="335" pageNumber="344" updateTime="1699664471733" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="64F400F357EE81D1569ED6F396081C90">An unprecedented new genus and family of Tetractinellida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from New Zealand’s Colville Ridge, with a new type of mitochondrial group I intron</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="770C15FCF3BB4238AE43443DCAE25CCE">Kelly, Michelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5AD14AD2745CF4B1157C17B217D767C">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7B495315F6A7CED4306C52000C8B3358">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5869AD25E250683E2782BF3D7EBCB132">
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<mods:date id="D1E366AAC6CED4AE85463B97A3940B6A">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="E7475873B95E5A192E9C9713D99D2201">Zool. J. Linn. Soc.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="5D1D4319346381A3480B1B47800485D1">2016-05-20</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="941F619F08ACDAEE94DCF5CF689AFFCF">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12365</mods:url>
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<subSubSection id="C32C6536FFA9FFA29A3AF952FD30F592" box="[284,659,1748,1769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA29A3AF952FD30F592" blockId="9.[284,659,1748,1802]" box="[284,659,1748,1769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<heading id="D0C181D1FFA9FFA29A3AF952FD30F592" box="[284,659,1748,1769]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3EFFA9FFA29A3AF952FD8DF592" ID-CoL="537TF" authority="Kelly & Cárdenas, 2016" authorityName="Kelly & Cárdenas" authorityYear="2016" box="[284,558,1748,1769]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stupendidae" genus="Stupenda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="347" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="singularis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">STUPENDA SINGULARIS</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFA9FFA29910F95EFD30F592" bold="true" box="[566,659,1748,1769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157D4FFA9FFA29910F95EFD30F592" box="[566,659,1748,1769]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C32C6536FFA9FFA09A70F972FAC5F01D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="346" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA29A70F972FDFAF471" blockId="9.[284,659,1748,1802]" box="[342,601,1780,1802]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFA9FFA29A78F972FE0BF472" box="[350,424,1780,1801]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[164,243,942,961]" captionTargetBox="[170,775,198,907]" captionTargetId="figure-627@1.[168,776,194,912]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Study area showing the collection locality for Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov. (●), Colville Ridge volcano, Colville Ridge, New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109471/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">FIGS 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFA9FFA29A9EF972FE6BF471" box="[440,456,1780,1802]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[164,242,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-171@9.[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology and skeletal architecture of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, preserved specimen, scale bar = 10 mm; B, preserved specimen showing thick cortex and strictly radiating skeleton, emanating from a centrum, scale bar = 10 mm; C, D, histological thick section showing strictly radiating megascleres in cortex, scale bars = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109479/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFA9FFA29AF3F972FE46F471" box="[469,485,1780,1802]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6B40306FFA9FFA29AD5F973FDF3F471" box="[499,592,1780,1802]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[164,233,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Spicule dimensions (μm) of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov. given as length [mean (minimum – maximum)] × width [mean (minimum – maximum)]. N = 20 if not indicated otherwise; total clad length taken from point of inception of axial thread" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">TABLE 3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA29B82F89DFEA4F44B" blockId="9.[164,778,1819,1902]" box="[164,263,1819,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFA9FFA29B82F89DFEA4F44B" box="[164,263,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<typeStatus id="548D881FFFA9FFA29B82F89DFEA4F44B" box="[164,263,1819,1840]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA29B82F8BFFCA9F416" blockId="9.[164,778,1819,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CE0FFA9FFA29B82F8BFFCA9F416" collectionCode="RV" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" specimenCode="NIWA 86177" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<specimenCode id="DB909EC6FFA9FFA29B82F8BFFEE3F434" box="[164,320,1849,1871]" collectionCode="NIWA" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" type="Other institutional type">NIWA 86177</specimenCode>
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: TAN1213/19, 18.x.2012, collected by epibenthic sled from
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFA9FFA29ABFF8DEFD91F416" box="[409,562,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<collectionCode id="ED27AE78FFA9FFA29ABFF8DEFE1FF416" box="[409,444,1880,1901]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">RV</collectionCode>
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Tangaroa
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</emphasis>
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, preserved in 70%
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CFA98FB16F629" blockId="9.[826,1441,1310,1362]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">ethanol. UPSZTY 159997, piece preserved in 70% ethanol and spicule preparation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CFA0DFC73F6E4" blockId="9.[826,1442,1418,1501]" box="[826,976,1418,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFA9FFA2981CFA0DFC73F6E4" box="[826,976,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Type location</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CFA2FFA01F6A6" blockId="9.[826,1442,1418,1501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CE0FFA9FFA2981CFA2FFA3DF6A6" country="New Zealand" county="Exclusive Economic Zone" elevation="405" latitude="-30.177" location="Colville Volcano" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.737" municipality="Colville Ridge" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" specimenCount="1">
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<geoCoordinate id="EE02507AFFA9FFA2981CFA2FFC62F6C5" box="[826,961,1448,1470]" degrees="30" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" precision="1" seconds="37.2" value="-30.177">30°10′37.2″S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE02507AFFA9FFA298EAFA2FFBCBF6C5" box="[972,1128,1448,1470]" degrees="179" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" precision="1" seconds="13.2" value="-179.737">179°44′13.2″W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CCE9B58FFA9FFA29F57FA2FFB4BF6C5" box="[1137,1256,1449,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.045" metricValueMax="4.22" metricValueMin="3.87" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" unit="m" value="404.5" valueMax="422.0" valueMin="387.0">
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<elevation id="001BD18EFFA9FFA29F57FA2FFB4BF6C5" box="[1137,1256,1449,1470]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.045" metricValueMax="4.22" metricValueMin="3.87" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" unit="m" value="404.5" valueMax="422.0" valueMin="387.0">387–422 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<location id="8EE96066FFA9FFA29FD5FA2FFA3EF6C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87ABFFA9FFA09A3AF952FAC5F01D:8EE96066FFA9FFA29FD5FA2FFA3EF6C4" box="[1267,1437,1449,1471]" country="New Zealand" county="Exclusive Economic Zone" latitude="-30.177" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.737" municipality="Colville Ridge" name="Colville Volcano" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Colville Volcano</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BEDACC7FFA9FFA2981CFA41FC7BF6A6" box="[826,984,1479,1501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Colville Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F321762DFFA9FFA298C2FA4EFBDAF6A6" box="[996,1145,1479,1501]" name="New Zealand" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCounty id="62E84E31FFA9FFA29FA6FA41FA3DF6A6" box="[1152,1438,1479,1501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Exclusive Economic Zone</collectingCounty>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CF993FC66F551" blockId="9.[826,1207,1557,1610]" box="[826,965,1557,1578]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFA9FFA2981CF993FC66F551" box="[826,965,1557,1578]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CF9B2FB14F531" blockId="9.[826,1207,1557,1610]" box="[826,1207,1588,1610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Known only from Colville Ridge.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CF904FC18F5EC" blockId="9.[826,1441,1666,1902]" box="[826,955,1666,1687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFA9FFA2981CF904FC18F5EC" box="[826,955,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFA9FFA2981CF926FAE7F416" blockId="9.[826,1441,1666,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">
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Spherical sponge attached to dead coral,
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<quantity id="4CCE9B58FFA9FFA29E34F926FAC3F5CD" box="[1298,1376,1696,1718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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high,
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<quantity id="4CCE9B58FFA9FFA2981CF939FC2FF5AF" box="[826,908,1727,1749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="344" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
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diameter (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFA9FFA29F3FF939FBD6F5AE" box="[1049,1141,1727,1749]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[164,242,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-171@9.[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology and skeletal architecture of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, preserved specimen, scale bar = 10 mm; B, preserved specimen showing thick cortex and strictly radiating skeleton, emanating from a centrum, scale bar = 10 mm; C, D, histological thick section showing strictly radiating megascleres in cortex, scale bars = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109479/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
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), with a distinct 4-mmthick semi-translucent cortex (
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<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFA9FFA29FBEF95BFB4FF588" box="[1176,1260,1757,1779]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[164,242,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-171@9.[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology and skeletal architecture of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, preserved specimen, scale bar = 10 mm; B, preserved specimen showing thick cortex and strictly radiating skeleton, emanating from a centrum, scale bar = 10 mm; C, D, histological thick section showing strictly radiating megascleres in cortex, scale bars = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109479/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="344">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
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). The surface is rough and armoured with projecting orthotriaene megascleres. Texture in life is tough, incompressible externally, cortex thick and rigid, choanosome slightly fleshy. Colour in life dull yellow to cream.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF496635FFAAFFA19BB6F9E4FEE6F439" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="345" startId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" targetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFAAFFA19BB6F9E4FEE6F439" blockId="10.[144,1422,1634,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="345">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFAAFFA19BB6F9E4FF54F50E" bold="true" box="[144,247,1634,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="345">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Megascleres and microscleres of
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3EFFAAFFA1997EF9E4FCE5F50E" authority="Kelly & Cárdenas, 2016" authorityName="Kelly & Cárdenas" authorityYear="2016" box="[600,838,1634,1653]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stupendidae" genus="Stupenda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="345" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="singularis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">Stupenda singularis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157D4FFAAFFA1986BF9E4FC55F50E" box="[845,1014,1634,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="345" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFAAFFA1986BF9E4FCDEF50E" bold="true" box="[845,893,1634,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="345">gen.</emphasis>
|
||
et
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFAAFFA19886F9E4FC55F50E" bold="true" box="[928,1014,1634,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="345">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF496635FFABFFA09B82FF43FD72F236" pageId="11" pageNumber="346" startId="11.[164,233,197,216]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09B82FF43FD72F236" blockId="11.[164,779,197,333]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09B82FF43FEA4F3A3" bold="true" box="[164,263,197,216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule dimensions (μm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D3EFFABFFA099B7FF43FE86F38E" authority="Kelly & Cárdenas, 2016" authorityName="Kelly & Cárdenas" authorityYear="2016" class="Demospongiae" family="Stupendidae" genus="Stupenda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="346" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="singularis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">Stupenda singularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157D4FFABFFA09A14FF65FE56F38D" box="[306,501,227,246]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09A14FF65FEC6F38D" bold="true" box="[306,357,227,246]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">gen.</emphasis>
|
||
et
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09AB2FF65FE56F38D" bold="true" box="[404,501,227,246]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
given as length [mean (minimum – maximum)] × width [mean (minimum – maximum)].
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09A08FE98FEE3F24B" box="[302,320,286,304]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 20 if not indicated otherwise; total clad length taken from point of inception of axial thread
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09925FEF2FDD3F003" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<table id="F936C41DFFAB00549B82FEF2FCA8F003" box="[164,779,372,888]" gridcols="2" gridrows="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FEF2FCA8F2FC" box="[164,779,372,391]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<th id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FEF2FCA8F2FC" box="[164,779,372,391]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Holotype NIWA</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FE14FCA8F2DE" box="[164,779,402,421]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FE14FE3BF2DE" box="[164,408,402,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Parameter</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FE14FCA8F2DE" box="[515,779,402,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">86177 mean (range)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FE4AFCA8F2A4" box="[164,779,460,479]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FE4AFCA8F2A4" box="[164,779,460,479]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Oxea</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FE6FFCA8F287" box="[164,779,489,508]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FE6FFE3BF287" box="[164,408,489,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FE6FFCA8F287" box="[515,779,489,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">4193 (3250–4850)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FD80FCA8F162" box="[164,779,518,537]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FD80FE3BF162" box="[164,408,518,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">width (max)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FD80FCA8F162" box="[515,779,518,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">69 (40–85)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FDA5FCA8F14C" box="[164,779,547,567]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="346" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FDA5FE3BF14C" box="[164,408,547,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Orthotriaene I</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FDC6FCA8F12F" box="[164,779,576,596]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FDC6FE3BF12F" box="[164,408,576,596]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FDC6FCA8F12F" box="[515,779,576,596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">2773 (2075–3075)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FDD8FCA8F10A" box="[164,779,606,625]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FDD8FE3BF10A" box="[164,408,606,625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">rhabd width (max)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FDD8FCA8F10A" box="[515,779,606,625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">158 (140–180)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FDFDFCA8F1F5" box="[164,779,635,654]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FDFDFE3BF1F5" box="[164,408,635,654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">cladome width (max)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FDFDFCA8F1F5" box="[515,779,635,654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">195 (140–240)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FD1EFCA8F1D0" box="[164,779,664,683]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FD1EFE3BF1D0" box="[164,408,664,683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">total clad length</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FD1EFCA8F1D0" box="[515,779,664,683]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">107 (80–140)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FD30FCA8F1B2" box="[164,779,694,713]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FD30FCA8F1B2" box="[164,779,694,713]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Orthotriaene II</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FD55FCA8F19D" box="[164,779,723,742]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FD55FE3BF19D" box="[164,408,723,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FD55FCA8F19D" box="[515,779,723,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
2067 (1325–2500) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA099ECFD55FD7FF19E" box="[714,732,723,741]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FD76FCA8F07F" box="[164,779,752,772]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FD76FE3BF07F" box="[164,408,752,772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">rhabd width (max)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FD76FCA8F07F" box="[515,779,752,772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
96 (75–110) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09985FD77FD16F078" box="[675,693,753,771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FC8BFCA8F05A" box="[164,779,781,801]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FC8BFE3BF05A" box="[164,408,781,801]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">cladome width (max)</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FC8BFCA8F05A" box="[515,779,781,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
187 (100–300) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09997FC88FD60F05B" box="[689,707,782,800]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FCADFCA8F045" box="[164,779,811,830]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FCADFE3BF045" box="[164,408,811,830]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">total clad length</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FCADFCA8F045" box="[515,779,811,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
104 (50–150) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09982FCADFD15F046" box="[676,694,811,829]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FCCEFCA8F020" box="[164,779,840,859]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FCCEFCA8F020" box="[164,779,840,859]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Sigmaspires</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="350634FFFFAB00549B82FCE3FCA8F003" box="[164,779,869,888]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549B82FCE3FE3BF003" box="[164,408,869,888]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">maximum dimension</td>
|
||
<td id="76D75D83FFAB00549925FCE3FCA8F003" box="[515,779,869,888]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">5 (4–6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09B82FC26FEA8F0AB" blockId="11.[164,778,928,976]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">NIWA, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09B82FB89FEA7F75F" blockId="11.[164,779,1039,1275]" box="[164,260,1039,1060]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09B82FB89FEA7F75F" box="[164,260,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09B82FBA8FEFBF780" blockId="11.[164,779,1039,1275]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
Oxeas radiate strictly from a centrum in the middle of the choanosome, forming tracts that extend through the thick cortex and beyond. Orthotriaenes form bouquets in the cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09AD8FB0CFDD5F7E4" box="[510,630,1162,1184]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[164,242,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-171@9.[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology and skeletal architecture of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, preserved specimen, scale bar = 10 mm; B, preserved specimen showing thick cortex and strictly radiating skeleton, emanating from a centrum, scale bar = 10 mm; C, D, histological thick section showing strictly radiating megascleres in cortex, scale bars = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109479/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 5C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and extend well beyond the surface of the sponge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA099A4FB2EFD5DF7C5" box="[642,766,1192,1214]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[164,242,1147,1166]" captionTargetBox="[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-171@9.[244,1364,194,1117]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Morphology and skeletal architecture of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, preserved specimen, scale bar = 10 mm; B, preserved specimen showing thick cortex and strictly radiating skeleton, emanating from a centrum, scale bar = 10 mm; C, D, histological thick section showing strictly radiating megascleres in cortex, scale bars = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109479/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 5B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), the clubbed cladomes of the triaenes forming a closely packed armour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09B82FAB7FEA0F63D" blockId="11.[164,779,1329,1902]" box="[164,259,1329,1350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09B82FAB7FEA0F63D" box="[164,259,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09B82FAD6FB15F22E" blockId="11.[164,779,1329,1902]" lastBlockId="11.[826,1441,197,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
Megascleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B40306FFABFFA09A1AFAD6FE32F61D" box="[316,401,1360,1382]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[164,233,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Spicule dimensions (μm) of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov. given as length [mean (minimum – maximum)] × width [mean (minimum – maximum)]. N = 20 if not indicated otherwise; total clad length taken from point of inception of axial thread" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
): Oxeas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09ADCFAD6FDEDF61D" box="[506,590,1360,1382]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), straight, thickest in middle, attenuates to a fine to slightly rounded point, 4193 (3250–4850) × 69 (40–85) μm. Orthotriaenes I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09B9BFA2DFE8CF6BA" box="[189,303,1451,1473]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6B–H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with perfectly straight, conical rhabdome and rounded distal end. Cladome narrow, clads clubbed, typically spherical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09AA4FA6FFE70F684" box="[386,467,1513,1535]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) to reduced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA0994FFA6FFD1DF684" box="[617,702,1513,1535]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
), often modified to diaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09A8CF981FDA2F566" box="[426,513,1543,1565]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
), rarely to monaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09B8AF9A0FF58F547" box="[172,251,1574,1596]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cladome and upper rhabdome acanthose with regularly spaced low mounds. Occasionally entirely smooth: total length (cladome + rhabdome) 2773 (2075– 3075) μm, maximum rhabdome width 158 (140– 180) μm, total cladome width 195 (140–240) μm, clad length from axial inception 107 (80–140) μm. Orthotriaenes II with a relatively short, straight rhabdome and pointed distal end. Cladome normal with short robust slightly curved clads, one or two often clubbed, often modified to diaenes, frequently smooth to faintly acanthose, or acanthose with regularly spaced low mounds: total length (cladome + rhabdome) 2067 (1325–2500) μm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA09E7DFF62FACCF382" box="[1371,1391,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 8, maximum rhabdome width 96 (75–110) μm, total cladome width 187 (100–300) μm, clad length from axial inception 104 (50–150) μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA09875FED8FAD8F2B4" blockId="11.[826,1441,197,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
Microscleres (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B40306FFABFFA098D6FED8FBE6F20F" box="[1008,1093,350,372]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[164,233,197,216]" captionText="Table 3. Spicule dimensions (μm) of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov. given as length [mean (minimum – maximum)] × width [mean (minimum – maximum)]. N = 20 if not indicated otherwise; total clad length taken from point of inception of axial thread" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
): Sigmaspires (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130D2A38FFABFFA09FD3FED8FAE1F20F" box="[1269,1346,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[144,222,1634,1653]" captionTargetBox="[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-0@10.[303,1263,192,1604]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Stupenda singularis gen. et sp. nov., holotype NIWA 86177, Colville Ridge, Kermadec Volcanic Arc, 387–422 m: A, oxea, one end showing strong attenuation, scale bar = 1000 μm; B, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed clads, scale bar = 1000 μm; C, orthotriaene I megascleres with clubbed bulbous clads, scanning electron microscopy (left), light microscopy (LM) (right), scale bar = 200 μm; D, orthotriaene I megasclere with reduced irregular clads, scale bar = 200 μm; E, orthotriaene I megascleres with diaene modifications, scale bar = 200 μm; F, orthotriaene I megasclere with monaene modification, LM, scale bar = 200 μm; G, orthotriaene II megasclere with normal clads, scale bar = 200 μm; H, orthotriaene II megasclere with irregular reduced clads, entirely smooth, scale bar = 200 μm; I, sigmaspires, scale bar = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10109481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10109481/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
|
||
), lightly and irregularly spined along the axis, more heavily spined at the ends, spines arranged in a clawed arrangement or extending laterally, contort, length 5 (4–6) μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA0981CFD8CFB97F164" blockId="11.[826,1441,522,698]" box="[826,1076,522,543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA0981CFD8CFB97F164" box="[826,1076,522,543]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Substrate and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA0981CFDAFFBC8F1C1" blockId="11.[826,1441,522,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
Attached to a piece of coral rubble. The habitat was predominantly coral rubble and pumice, which supported high numbers and diversity of hard and soft corals, plexaurid gorgonians, and sea anemones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B4CFFABFFA09867FD25FBC3F1C1" author="Wysoczanski R & Mountjoy J & Barton S & Black J & Boschen R & Kaiser S & Khong L & Mitchell J & Pallentin A & Stewart R & Timm C & Wilcox S & Woelz S" box="[833,1120,675,698]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346" refId="ref13105" refString="Wysoczanski R, Mountjoy J, Barton S, Black J, Boschen R, Kaiser S, Khong L, Mitchell J, Pallentin A, Stewart R, Timm C, Wilcox S, Woelz S. 2012. NIRVANA - TAN 1213 R. V. Tangaroa Research Voyage Report. NIWA Internal Report. New Zealand: NIWA Wellington." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Wysoczanski
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA098FBFD22FBAEF1C3" box="[989,1037,675,697]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA0981CFD72FC12F072" blockId="11.[826,1441,756,870]" box="[826,945,756,777]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA0981CFD72FC12F072" box="[826,945,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8936BDFFABFFA0981CFC95FAC5F01D" blockId="11.[826,1441,756,870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">
|
||
Named after the unique characteristics of the species and the remarkable nature of the spicule complement (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C364D3EFFABFFA098A1FCD6FC59F01E" authorityName="Kelly & Cárdenas" authorityYear="2016" box="[903,1018,848,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Stupendidae" genus="Stupenda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="346" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="singularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B942EAAFFFABFFA098A1FCD6FC59F01E" box="[903,1018,848,869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="346">singularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unique, extraordinary; Latin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |