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111 lines
11 KiB
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<document id="2AE5FF2945D8433EC0334EE8F937625C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5167860" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167860" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628271588992" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Miller, Robert B. & Stange, Lionel A." docDate="2009" docId="039F87A86D5088389999FA69FECDFDE5" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0101.1-10.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2009 (101)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gnopholeontini Stange 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFA6FFD06D52883B9959FFDAFC47FFDE" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Maracandula Currie (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1699038724078" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="08E1F1C9679F5CEEAC8B2B9F15EA828C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C2F84BAB45BEF2DE00DEC349E842080E">
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<mods:title id="ACB86A54A5A7359A61B3B835B78262C7">A revision of the genus Maracandula Currie (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="18495F19D985F438AE4B72503BBDC31C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FC2D6B0057D7B0D40A7CA7B94563C09C">Miller, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5E7EE747D625EF294D030E809AF57179" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7C9288DF4A21A22E7D4FF094F058FA21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BE345B695FE282C6512381678DECDADB">Stange, Lionel A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="480837898429C84F01CFBEFCCE14408A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="71701EEC36B4200CF5DE293BBA726122">
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<mods:title id="FB14F6FC3235951D2A73550B02823634">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9E01BED68D14D6811D50749D3641C719">
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<mods:date id="0DA1A13BC315B7E03205D28E1B6D7008">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A1EBDAB98CCF851A49FA6F49E8E84A87" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="E36D1BD0BEDD3681CC981A6946468E47">2009-10-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="41687BC6BED03C837F3B7C2E3D956C1C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BC3099926A39912511D6C2B8276F647E">2009</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8D7BF6B3BD6375E2386AB8D5DE771752" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BF428DE9E099C4B044CB269A34C6CEDD">101</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C542E7E39BCB7845A82900C7665B6F0D">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="45CD4A8D9E3458B17F4CBCBA86A09139">10</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="29FF837860F7C78829FEFA71CDC28E12">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7E9A41399198C5886310F6F2DB976FC1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5167860</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B8CA1E18FDB62A7ABDD0F9FE0F96C23" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C888024121AD7970C87BD7C171273998" type="Zenodo-Dep">5167860</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039F87A86D5088389999FA69FECDFDE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5184848" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5184848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F87A86D5088389999FA69FECDFDE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87A86D5088389999FA69FECDFDE5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="C32C65356D5088399999FA69FEC9FA15" box="[192,654,1459,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BE6D5088399999FA69FEC9FA15" blockId="2.[192,654,1459,1483]" box="[192,654,1459,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<heading id="D0C181D26D5088399999FA69FEC9FA15" bold="true" box="[192,654,1459,1483]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5088399999FA69FEC9FA15" bold="true" box="[192,654,1459,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D5088399849FA69FEC9FA15" authority="Stange 1994" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1994" box="[272,654,1459,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gnopholeontini">
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Gnopholeontini
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B4F6D50883998B4FA69FEC9FA15" author="Stange, L. A." box="[493,654,1459,1483]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 119" refId="ref5490" refString="Stange, L. A. 1994. Reclassification of the New World antlion genera formerly included in the tribe Brachynemurini. Insecta Mundi 8: 67 - 119." type="journal article" year="1994">Stange 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65356D5088399999FA29F96BF895" pageId="2" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BE6D5088399999FA29FEB9F934" blockId="2.[192,1440,1523,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5088399999FA29FDE0F9D5" bold="true" box="[192,423,1523,1547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis. Adult.</emphasis>
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Labial palpus short, palpimacula not extending to apex; hind femur without sensory hair; pretarsal claws not toothed nor strongly bent near base; tibial spurs present or absent; fore wing vein CuP originates distad of cross vein m-cu; fore wing vein 2A runs in a fairly even curve toward 3A; pilula axillaris present, usually well developed; hind wing vein CuA runs close to hind margin, ends near medial fork; hind wing radial sector originates before medial fork, 2 or 3 presectoral cross veins; male abdomen without hair pencils or postventral lobe; male paramere plate-like; female anterior gonapophysis plate-like or membranous; posterior gonapophysis inflated; pregenital plate with tooth; gonapophyseal plate large; female ectoproct with digging setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936BE6D50883999A9F929F96BF895" blockId="2.[192,1440,1523,1867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D50883999A9F929FD06F8D5" bold="true" box="[240,321,1779,1803]" pageId="2" pageNumber="1">Larva</emphasis>
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. Mandibular bases close together, separated by about basal width of mandible; mandible with 3 teeth, middle tooth closer to distal tooth than basal tooth; distal tooth not shorter than middle tooth; abdomen without dolichasters or tufted setae along median area, sometimes with lateral scoli.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65356D5188389999FF19FDEBFEE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BE6D5188389999FF19FDEBFEE5" blockId="3.[192,1440,195,315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389999FF19FD75FF05" bold="true" box="[192,306,195,219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Biology.</emphasis>
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Larvae are either free living in sand (
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D5188389A50FF19FFA9FF05" authority="Adams" authorityName="Adams" authorityYear="1957" box="[777,1006,195,219]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Tyttholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389A50FF19FFCAFF05" box="[777,909,195,219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Tyttholeon</emphasis>
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Adams
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</taxonomicName>
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), live in protected areas (rock overhangs) (
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D518838987BFF39FDE3FF25" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1970" box="[290,420,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Menkeleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D518838987BFF39FDE3FF25" box="[290,420,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Menkeleon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or live on rocks or tree trunks (
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D5188389A7DFF39F852FF25" authority="Stange" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1970" box="[804,1045,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gnopholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389A7DFF39FFF1FF25" box="[804,950,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Gnopholeon</emphasis>
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Stange
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</taxonomicName>
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). The larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D5188389D92FF39F934FF25" authorityName="Currie" authorityYear="1901" box="[1227,1395,227,251]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Maracandula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389D92FF39F934FF25" box="[1227,1395,227,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Maracandula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are unknown, but evidence suggests they are associated with rocks. Some species (especially
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D5188389DA9FED9F9D0FEC5" authorityName="Currie" authorityYear="1901" box="[1264,1431,259,283]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Maracandula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389DA9FED9F9D0FEC5" box="[1264,1431,259,283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Maracandula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are afternoon fliers.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65356D5188389999FEB9FECDFDE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8936BE6D5188389999FEB9FECDFDE5" blockId="3.[192,1440,355,571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389999FEB9FD18FEA5" bold="true" box="[192,351,355,379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Discussion.</emphasis>
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This tribe is characteristic of the Sonoran Region. The larvae of the different genera are among the most diverse found in the family and are quite distinct one from another. The main defining feature of this tribe is the larval structure, especially the close proximity of the mandibular bases. The adults differ from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D51883898E7FE19FEC4FE05" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1927" box="[446,643,451,475]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brachynemurini">Brachynemurini</taxonomicName>
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in lacking any well-developed postventral lobe on the male ectoproct and, probably more importantly, in the structure of the female terminalia which have the posterior gonapophysis inflated or enlarged and/or with an enlarged pregenital plate. Most of the genera (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C364D3D6D5188389999FDF9FDE8FDE5" authority="Stange" authorityName="Stange" authorityYear="1970" box="[192,431,547,571]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Gnopholeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B942EAAC6D5188389999FDF9FD14FDE5" box="[192,339,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Gnopholeon</emphasis>
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Stange
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</taxonomicName>
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) lack tibial spurs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |