248 lines
34 KiB
XML
248 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C5C60150AB9BC5C194951DD7C574B79C">Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CE0F0854317C44AEA181B0E40F7B0A4F">Mabuchi, Kohji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="734200DADD8FDE7924FE5FB3F77B7005">Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5 - 1 - 5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277 - 8564, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E5F500CE8A4E1EA8D8896FC4747D04F0">Fraser, Thomas H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="217A950A043DBE2A1D022C72E239DA8F">Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Dickinson Hall, Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, United States. E-mail: cardinalfish @ comcast. net University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903 - 0213, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="40679AC235FF774894A7AD3B256D8AEA">Song, Hayeun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA64B9748CC2545742E6A19B075E343E">Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5 - 1 - 5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277 - 8564, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0F494972523FD233F6F385B4D971DF63">Azuma, Yoichiro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED0A87842A8DABE03F8816D5D48E85FC">Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5 - 1 - 5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277 - 8564, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8C7635BE381372E083A78E936C06226">Nishida, Mutsumi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="94654D05AF7B4EDE5BA9163211945B1D">Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5 - 1 - 5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277 - 8564, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AE6CBA2756A82EBAB9CABF90C9479DF2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CA3F4E7D81030B0FFF78C1FEFDBBD32E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5116830" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183718607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5116830" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA3F4E7D81030B0FFF78C1FEFDBBD32E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA3F4E7D81030B0FFF78C1FEFDBBD32E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
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<subSubSection id="0A8CACE081030B08FF78C1FEFDBDD1CB" box="[151,520,1942,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4229FF6B81030B08FF78C1FEFDBDD1CB" blockId="27.[151,520,1942,1968]" box="[151,520,1942,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881030B08FF33C1FEFDBDD1CB" authority="Gunther 1859" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1859" box="[220,520,1942,1968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Apogonini">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981030B08FF33C1FEFEEBD1CB" bold="true" box="[220,350,1942,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Apogonini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81030B08FE89C1FEFDBDD1CB" author="Gunther, A." box="[358,520,1942,1968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 524" refId="ref33725" refString="Gunther, A. (1859) Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. London, 1, i - xxxi + 1 - 524." type="journal article" year="1859">Günther 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A8CACE081030B08FF78C1B6FDB5D188" box="[151,512,2013,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4229FF6B81030B08FF78C1B6FDB5D188" blockId="27.[151,512,2013,2035]" box="[151,512,2013,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
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<typeStatus id="9D2D41C981030B08FF78C1B6FF7FD188" box="[151,202,2014,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Type</typeStatus>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881030B08FEFEC1B5FDB5D188" ID-CoL="YXL" authority="Lacepede 1801" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[273,512,2013,2035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981030B08FEFEC1B5FED5D188" box="[273,352,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Apogon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81030B08FE89C1B5FDB5D188" author="Lacepede, B. G. E." box="[358,512,2013,2035]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 558" refId="ref34374" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1801) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Paris, 3, i - lxvi + 1 - 558." type="journal article" year="1801">Lacepède 1801</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A8CACE081040B0FFF78C6FFFCB3D4B6" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4229FF6B81040B0FFF78C6FFFC18D71E" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF78C6FFFEA4D6CB" bold="true" box="[151,273,151,176]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Members of the
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFE3CC6FFFDD5D6CB" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1859" box="[467,608,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Apogoninae">Apogoninae</taxonomicName>
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: dorsal fin VI+I,9; anal fin II,8; developed gill rakers 9–19; posttemporal edge smooth or weakly serrate; anterior nare with low rim and flap; preopercle smooth on ridge, serrate to smooth on vertical edge, horizontal edge an unossified large flap; head and body with ctenoid or cycloid scales; pored lateral-line scales 23–25, scales with one pore above center and one below central pore; intestine and stomach pale (except two species); head and body reddish with or without blackish markings or head and body brownish without bars or stripes, both color patterns may be translucent in some species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4229FF6B81040B0FFF28C707FCB3D4B6" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF28C707FE7BD7F3" bold="true" box="[199,462,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" reason="1">Other characteristics.</emphasis>
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one supernumerary spine; branched first segmented dorsal and anal ray; ctenoid or cycloid scales on predorsal, cheek, breast, two pelvic scales, and body; cycloid scale on opercle and onto base of caudal fin; pored lateral-line scales simple with one pore on upper side and one on lower side; pectoral fin-rays 11–16; 0–3 supraneurals; pored lateral-line scales from posttemporal to base of caudal fin; caudal fin forked or rounded; 9+8 segmented principal caudal rays, 15 branched, upper and lower unbranched; unbranched procurrent rays, longest segmented; teeth on premaxilla, dentary, vomer, palatine, all villiform (except one species canine-like on premaxilla and dentary) or absent on palatine; six infraorbitals, bony shelf on third infraorbital; supramaxilla absent; basisphenoid present, reduced or absent; anterior ceratohyal notched; 10+14 vertebrae; 8 ribs; 8–9 epineurals; uroneurals absent; three epurals; five free hypurals, 1–2 fused and 3–4 fused, 1–2 fused and 3–4 fused to terminal centrum; free parhypural; low crest on PU2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A8CACE081040B0FFF28C4BFFC40D543" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="4229FF6B81040B0FFF28C4BFFC40D543" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF28C4BFFED5D48B" bold="true" box="[199,352,727,752]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFE86C4B0FDEDD494" box="[361,600,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFE86C4B0FDB2D48B" box="[361,519,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
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Apogon
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BD19E0281040B0FFE26C4B1FDB2D48B" box="[457,519,729,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</taxonomicName>
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stricto
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</emphasis>
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is found in all tropical regions,
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFC25C4B1FB0BD48B" authority="Fraser 1972" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1972" box="[970,1214,727,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Zapogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFC25C4B1FB9BD48B" box="[970,1070,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Zapogon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFBD8C4B0FB0BD48B" author="Fraser, T. H." box="[1079,1214,727,752]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref32750" refString="Fraser, T. H. (1972) Comparative osteology of the shallow water cardinal fishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) with references to the systematics and evolution of the family. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, 34, i - v + 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1972">
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Fraser
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific,
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFEDFC494FD1FD56E" authority="Fraser & Robins 1970" authorityName="Fraser & Robins" authorityYear="1970" box="[304,682,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Phaeoptyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFEDFC494FE13D56E" box="[304,422,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Phaeoptyx</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFE41C494FD1FD56E" author="Fraser, T. H. & Robins, C. R." box="[430,682,764,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="302 - 315" refId="ref33167" refString="Fraser, T. H. & Robins, C. R. (1970) The R / V Pillsbury deep-sea biological expedition to the Gulf of Guinea, 1964 - 65. A new Atlantic genus of cardinalfishes with comments on some species from the Gulf of Guinea. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 4 (2), 302 - 315." type="journal article" year="1970">Fraser & Robins 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFD0DC494FBB7D56E" authority="Smith 1964" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[738,1026,764,789]" family="Apogonidae" genus="Paroncheilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFD0DC494FCC3D56E" box="[738,886,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Paroncheilus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFC90C494FBB7D56E" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[895,1026,764,789]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="621 - 624" refId="ref35876" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1964) A new apogonid fish from deeper water of the Gulf of Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 13, 6 (70), 621 - 624. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936308651406" type="journal article" year="1964">
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Smith
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||
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in the Eastern and Western Atlantic Ocean and
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFEFAC548FD98D543" authority="Fowler 1907" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1907" box="[277,557,799,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Astrapogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFEFAC548FE2DD54C" box="[277,408,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Astrapogon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFE71C577FD98D543" author="Fowler, H. W." box="[414,557,799,824]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="510 - 528" refId="ref32548" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1907) Some new and little-known percoid fishes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (for 1906), 58, 510 - 528." type="journal article" year="1907">Fowler 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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confined to the Western Atlantic Ocean.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0A8CACE081040B0FFF28C52CFDBBD32E" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4229FF6B81040B0FFF28C52CFDBBD32E" blockId="28.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF28C52CFE8ED526" bold="true" box="[199,315,836,861]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This tribe contains five genera,
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<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFD58C52CFC8FD520" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1907" box="[695,826,836,859]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Astrapogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFD58C52CFC8FD520" box="[695,826,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Astrapogon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFCA4C52CFB88D527" box="[843,1085,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFCA4C52CFC5FD527" box="[843,1002,836,860]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Apogon
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BD19E0281040B0FFC43C52DFC5FD527" box="[940,1002,837,860]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFBA2C52CFB76D526" authorityName="Fraser & Robins" authorityYear="1970" box="[1101,1219,836,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Phaeoptyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFBA2C52CFB76D526" box="[1101,1219,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Phaeoptyx</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFB3AC52CFADCD526" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1964" box="[1237,1385,836,861]" family="Apogonidae" genus="Paroncheilus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFB3AC52CFADCD526" box="[1237,1385,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Paroncheilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFF78C501FF4ED5FB" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,251,873,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Zapogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF78C501FF4ED5FB" box="[151,251,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Zapogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, corresponding to the clade II in the molecular trees (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DAADE3EE81040B0FFC7EC50FFBB6D5FB" box="[913,1027,871,896]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,1809,1831]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1890,1912]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,250,1881,1903]" captionStartId-4="19.[151,250,1832,1854]" captionTargetBox-0="[292,1276,196,1779]" captionTargetBox-1="[251,1313,199,1857]" captionTargetBox-2="[375,1230,199,1845]" captionTargetBox-3="[375,1230,199,1856]" captionTargetBox-4="[268,1294,202,1802]" captionTargetId-0="figure-147@15.[292,1289,193,1783]" captionTargetId-1="figure-109@16.[251,1343,193,1865]" captionTargetId-2="figure-115@17.[344,1242,193,1849]" captionTargetId-3="figure-103@18.[344,1242,193,1860]" captionTargetId-4="figure-152@19.[258,1313,195,1812]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree from the partitioned maximum-likelihood (ML) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Species names of recent Ostorhinchus [we included here Apogonichthyoides melas as a possible Ostorhinchus, following Mabuchi et al. (2006)] were blue, those of Apogon sensu lato [genus Apogon in Fraser (1972)] excepting the Ostorhinchus red, and those of genus Rhabdamia in Fraser (1972) green. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated on the left of the corresponding clades. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML, Bayesian (BA: Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree (50% majority-rule consensus tree) from the partitioned Bayesian (BA) analysis. Numbers besides internal branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs: shown as percentages, only those of> 50% shown). Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve major clades were indicated as in Figure 2. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and most parsimonious (MP: Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of two of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-A). Numbers besides internal branches indicate bootstrap probabilities (BPs) from 1000 replicates (only those of> 50% shown). Topological incongruity between the two MP trees denoted by an arrowhead. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. Species names were colored as in Figure 2. The names of the twelve clades were indicated as in Figure 2." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Strict consensus tree of the remaining three of the five most parsimonious (MP) trees (MP tree-B). Topological incongruities between the three MP trees denoted by arrowheads. Four species, which phylogenetic positions were largely different among the ML (Fig. 2), BA (Fig. 3), and MP (Figs. 4 and 5) tress, were indicated by arrows with asterisks. This tree was largely different from the MP tree-A (Fig. 4) in the positions of Pterapogon kauderni and Vincentia novaehollandiae." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Strict consensus tree of the ML, BA and MP trees shown in Figures 2-5. Species names were colored as in Figures 2–5. The names of the twelve major clades (clades I to XII) within the Apogoninae were indicated besides the corresponding clades, while the names of the thirteen tribes (defined based on morphological characters) on the right of corresponding major and minor clades. The tribe Lepidamiini is not in the tree. Tribes with solid bars include species of Apogon sensu lato, and those with open bars do not include it. Geographic ranges were indicated on the right of the clades only for the species of clade II (Apogonini), all the other apogonids occurring on Indo-Pacific Basin. For the revised genus names of some species, see Appendix A." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928551" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928553" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928559" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928561" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928563" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928551/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928553/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4928559/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4928561/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4928563/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Figs. 2–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0F14CAD081040B0FFBFBC50FFBC5D5FB" box="[1044,1136,871,896]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[147,237,496,519]" captionTargetId="graphics-79@13.[131,1887,567,1140]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 4. Major clades reproduced in ML, BA and MP analyses with its support values [bootstrap probabilities (BPs) for ML and MP analyses, Bayesian posterior probabilities (PPs) for BA analysis], genera included, and correspondence to the tribes that were morphologically defined in this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16E9AFE381150B1EFF7CC798F981D45D" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" tableUuid="16E9AFE381150B1EFF7CC798F981D45D">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Members have a large, unossified preopercular flap (a proposed synapomorphy), simple pore arrangement on lateral-line scales, six first dorsal spines and color patterns. Monophyly of
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFD5DC5D8FC2AD5BC" box="[690,927,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFD5DC5D8FCFAD5B3" box="[690,847,944,968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Apogon
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BD19E0281040B0FFCFEC5D9FCFAD5B3" box="[785,847,945,968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(H10) was, however, statistically rejected by AU test (
|
||
<tableCitation id="0F14CAD081040B0FFF12C5BCFEE1D596" box="[253,340,980,1005]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="14.[147,235,642,665]" captionTargetId="graphics-45@14.[131,1870,682,1530]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 6. Statistical likelihood-based AU tests between unconstrained and constrained trees." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/16E9AFE381160B1DFF7CC4EAFBDFD4E2" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" tableUuid="16E9AFE381160B1DFF7CC4EAFBDFD4E2">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
). In the molecular trees,
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFD82C5BCFCECD597" box="[621,857,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFD82C5BCFCBFD597" box="[621,778,980,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Apogon
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BD19E0281040B0FFD23C5BDFCBFD597" box="[716,778,981,1004]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was divided into three (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFB84C5BCFB77D590" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[1131,1218,980,1003]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFB84C5BCFB77D590" box="[1131,1218,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-1, 2, and 3) or two (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFF4FC590FF42D274" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[160,247,1016,1039]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF4FC590FF42D274" box="[160,247,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-1 and 2+3) lineages. One of the two or three lineages,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFC88C590FC0BD274" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[871,958,1016,1039]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFC88C590FC0BD274" box="[871,958,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-1, was sister to the clade including all the other members of this tribe. This basal dichotomy agrees with geographic distributions: species of the former clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFF4FC228FF42D22C" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[160,247,1088,1111]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF4FC228FF42D22C" box="[160,247,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-1) distributed in Indo-Pacific Basin and those of the latter clade basically in Atlantic Basin with a small group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFEE3C20CFED6D200" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[268,355,1124,1147]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFEE3C20CFED6D200" box="[268,355,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-3 within it occurring in Eastern Pacific. These molecular results suggest that species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFF78C2EFFEBAD2DB" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,271,1159,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Apogonini">Apogonini</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been firstly separated between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific regions and then an Atlantic species invaded to Eastern Pacific.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFE35C2C4FCB5D2BE" authority="Smith 1961" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1961" box="[474,768,1196,1221]" family="Apogonidae" genus="Asperapogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFE35C2C4FDDAD2B8" box="[474,623,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Asperapogon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFD94C2C4FCB5D2BE" author="Smith, J. L. B." box="[635,768,1196,1221]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="373 - 418" refId="ref35841" refString="Smith, J. L. B. (1961) Fishes of the family Apogonidae of the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Ichthyology Bulletin, 22, 373 - 418." type="journal article" year="1961">Smith 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an available name for some or all of the Indo-Pacific species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFF16C2B8FEE5D29C" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[249,336,1232,1255]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFF16C2B8FEE5D29C" box="[249,336,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-1) as a genus or subgenus. A morphological diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFC1CC2B8FB3DD29C" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1961" box="[1011,1160,1232,1255]" family="Apogonidae" genus="Asperapogon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFC1CC2B8FB3DD29C" box="[1011,1160,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Asperapogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
awaits determination of species composition.
|
||
<typeStatus id="9D2D41C981040B0FFE69C29CFE0BD377" box="[390,446,1268,1292]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFDD7C29CFD3AD370" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[568,655,1268,1291]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFDD7C29CFD3AD370" box="[568,655,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFD40C29CFC48D376" authority="Lacepede 1801" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1801" box="[687,1021,1268,1293]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFD40C29CFCFFD376" box="[687,842,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Apogon ruber</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFCBEC29CFC48D376" author="Lacepede, B. G. E." box="[849,1021,1268,1293]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 558" refId="ref34374" refString="Lacepede, B. G. E. (1801) Histoire naturelle des poissons. Paris, 3, i - lxvi + 1 - 558." type="journal article" year="1801">Lacepède 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="859684E881040B0FFB4AC29CFF6DD34B" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Actinopterygii" family="Apogonidae" genus="Apogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imberbis">
|
||
<emphasis id="70E2237981040B0FFB4AC29CFA93D376" box="[1189,1318,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">A. imberbis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2607829A81040B0FFADCC29CFF65D34B" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="230 - 338" refId="ref34501" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae, Ed. X. Nantes and Pisces, Holmiae, 1 (1), 230 - 338. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 3510610418" type="journal article" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Eastern Atlantic Basin and the Mediterranean Sea. No other subfamilies or tribes occur in the Atlantic Basin or Eastern Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |