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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="55930" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c9d0cdc0-e61a-49e6-b38c-6dbae37fec0a" ID-PMC="PMC9033758" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-194-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8FE5F2EE86DD5269893FBEC4483A7DE1" ID-PubMed="35586324" ModsDocID="1314-2003-194-47" checkinTime="1650112053334" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Martin, Claudia M., Zanotti, Christian A., Acuna-Castillo, Rafael, Henning, Tilo, Catari, Juan C. &amp; Weigend, Maximilian" docDate="2022" docId="8B6F06DCFFEA559BAF86261F793A9D6F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 194: 47-62" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 194" docPubDate="2022-04-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827" docTitle="Xylopodia laurensis C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="8FE5F2EE86DD5269893FBEC4483A7DE1" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="8FE5F2EE86DD5269893FBEC4483A7DE1" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1732823861107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3A9D675AB2015C32D08DE8B63854E53C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9F19020A59C38CD11BC58EB15E4B1CF5">
<mods:title id="A9BE11DF543AD4CF832E10B04A3CEB38">Taxonomic revision of the peculiar genus Xylopodia (Loasaceae) with a new species from Argentina and Bolivia demonstrating an atypical trans-Andean disjunction</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="03AB5EAF8C03D2D8E3D4205557954EFB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B9E159FD1E09DE9FD7D2FB28917C40EE">
<mods:roleTerm id="F210ADB98A54055FE8D0B14A58EEB71F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="70179417F594500EFD883FC5E0D42191">Martin, Claudia M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="74D8183E8066410F240890C39330112F">Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios en Diversidad Vegetal (CIEDIVE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina &amp; Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (CONICET-UNJu), Canonigo Gorriti 237, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2351CEEA979D988382D5977EF4C0AFEF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="853AAD36870F7792AB3808BA26C00E0A">
<mods:roleTerm id="7C8A632C86A1EC44BF4EA3EEB8A70D8A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6BA206D4EFA0C8C3DEA39CA41608E2AE">Zanotti, Christian A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2201EBDD469E6A2A147576987EF1B4CD">Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, IBODA-CONICET, Labarden 200, Casilla de Correo 22, B 1642 HYD, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A7C83B164C5CBC2992EE9293236BE8CF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D66B3C56567F582C5EDABD2CAD070350">
<mods:roleTerm id="494C4C88C71517CCAFC64BCC3B8CDE0C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="153328FE9829D3B7307CB7B39C2F2132">Acuna-Castillo, Rafael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E1D0903896EB5159FC4631D24CFE8EAC">Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo. Postal 11501 - 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, Costa Rica &amp; Herbario Luis A. Fournier Origgi, Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Ecologia Tropical (CIBET), Universidad de Costa Rica, Apdo. Postal 11501 - 2060 San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="74B837C1182D92E5AD775DB6B04DB287" type="personal">
<mods:role id="799ABDE2A632D6A112203CE6AE5EF8FD">
<mods:roleTerm id="578E8D2F661E937D23EC5759E58FFFDA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="2FBC9F4CB978AA64B08C58FC73C83638">Henning, Tilo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B5C9AB57EE8CD4CCB834AF6555F482C3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1929-3264</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6EBB93DEA8B01275E7FE2E2054B6B60A">Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0748D75307A07956BE53634B77BC0391" type="email">henningtilo@web.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="DEBF5D607B875433D7961153034199A0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="98043A89A162ED5399B3361A15BDB507">
<mods:roleTerm id="7E43EAFD79D3BC50F56022D715C43B52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CF62149BCA98EF033C1D6B684297FB2C">Catari, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8A491769812E6EF31A50DEF8E3E82FDF">Herbario del Oriente (USZ), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Av. Irala 565, 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="338C93177B5A95DC9CFE4F2DC7D3CA38" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1F178F4B30AFBD2ACB08A63DF8104E3E">
<mods:roleTerm id="31D023CD5636B581C1E8AF99D1DDCA83">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BA7254CEBBD0FCAD7657021AF6278AFC">Weigend, Maximilian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F4F856E151093995315AADD5D9EBAE9E">Nees-Institut fuer Biodiversitaet der Pflanzen, Universitaet Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 171, 53115 Bonn, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0861956B75691F01A28EAB0718DCB43D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="18FDB2A930EEB2502F14548FBD682A59">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B184409E6F79CAFBAB738814FC8A7880">
<mods:date id="4488D9B6D093D02FDBCB9A8D7AA261AD">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E92A21E13C747A5EED578B8E0E7A16DF">2022-04-15</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B30CB5D0FCEB5C7649309219B7F896B2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D556E98500A9E8B985EE248C628C6108">194</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="3990DF7629F4D367A8FE541EF442D970">47</mods:start>
<mods:end id="889EFBA2B2A3892BC249D24A72E88AB1">62</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="DCE81F01A015C87651CC37EE8BF73C22">
<mods:url id="23D5CF81C456D0C3A31A63FCB1C08378">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A77C8398EFB86248BC63D91739F4A299">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="33F0C770259C9E42E0615A03C35D454A" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0BF98937B50C3BDDF9BE0C83DA5E0586" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-194-47</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D15BE1D001B6F10EE53C426DAEF2F15C" type="Pensoft-UUID">8FE5F2EE86DD5269893FBEC4483A7DE1</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8B6F06DCFFEA559BAF86261F793A9D6F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194655665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B6F06DCFFEA559BAF86261F793A9D6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B6F06DCFFEA559BAF86261F793A9D6F" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" scope_family="Loasaceae">
<subSubSection id="62D0336CF428B7361A00C35461A209E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D10EBD3370F4CFBF9D5C209A300E9193" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="F030B0CF2AD5C62C99607A1201DF2532" ID-CoL="98YBF" LSID="8B6F06DC-FFEA-559B-AF86-261F793A9D6F" authority="C. M. Martín &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityName="C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis" status="sp. nov.">
Xylopodia laurensis C.M.
<normalizedToken id="31CFC6719D84C2840B7EE45FCDB7A15C" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
&amp; C.A. Zanotti
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DF8C98E99A98C120C455D71C4731DF19" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="598960E7D4D3316CF953F22BC0F7B584" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="FB5BA2109C7C3996747F97E49A1592FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="4DF458981ED339835C1DCB995C7D8586" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xylopodia laurensis. A flower, lateral view, showing the nectar scales (NS) B flower, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit, showing the four apical valves D details of the central staminode (left), showing the well-developed filament flange (FF), lateral staminode (right) E staminodes within the nectar scale, showing the lateral staminodes (LS) and the central ones (CS) F plant G xylopodium. All from Martin 2887, except C (Catari 2510)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673020" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E64C05C277247BEA6608C039A84C1D14" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9170B3632F18A22A0A65AC8A774E181A" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A592325B229257B28432322CB307DA83" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="C163A7801E7FC5BA28EF1350078D7C67" authorityName="C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="A905228B1023953778424C555236A913" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName id="7B86F874E5C1C0B846DA1C5811F0A25E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="7E5C615CCF1C197DAA6218CA70533513" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Weigend, but the former is readily distinguishable by the sepals reflexed in anthesis, petals greenish white with a long claw (ca. 1/3 of petal length); back of nectar scale white, apically striped green and yellowish; free staminodes are dimorphic, ligulate, the central pair with a conspicuous, papillose, scale-like filament flange below the middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A59A05E6ED7C6D6AEC4BE1AD8F3BB19F" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="987D53CB66103FBCAE8F9230C712A981" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<typeStatus id="5216AAA9AEC6EBADA518A33B3F7347CB">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FEAB9A842502A7042686974789455B66" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation id="B6B98B2D1FFCF9F43AFBE9B3A4A7963E" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Argentina" location="Jujuy" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jujuy" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F55E4D7B2BA6E8003A823E847989F38A" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
: Prov.
<collectingRegion id="54F4E9D16EF53D4C3CCE98C996B3394E" country="Argentina" name="Jujuy">Jujuy</collectingRegion>
, Dpto
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="EB29D20C8EEFFD0B339783ED282FFC01" collectingDate="2021-08-22" collectorName="C. M. Martin" country="San Pedro" county="San Juan de Dios" elevation="925" latitude="-24.563833" location="Chico" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.65161" municipality="Estancia Las Lauras" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="E5C03B6785FB938BF430A2ED37E7011A" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="1F0B0C56B22884BB64E7847099522CA1">San Juan de Dios</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="49B00D82CEF8F3FCEA5EB439C2CA7F7A">Estancia Las Lauras</collectingMunicipality>
, camino al
<normalizedToken id="383866501086D3A1F049237D00775DE0" originalValue="“Chorro”">&quot;Chorro&quot;</normalizedToken>
, a tres metros del arroyo
<location id="EA8213373C482435261A554512122F34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B6F06DCFFEA559BAF86261F793A9D6F:EA8213373C482435261A554512122F34" country="San Pedro" county="San Juan de Dios" latitude="-24.563833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-64.65161" municipality="Estancia Las Lauras" name="Chico">Chico</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="57BDA1BC913D9B9DD70E584B985FC0A4" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="49.8" value="-24.563833">24°33'49.8&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B602664D45405E0F79766F3D95F6ABE9" degrees="64" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="05.8" value="-64.65161">64°39'05.8&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="E2528D3CF7E7A438B37D4885921247C8" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" unit="m" value="925.0">
<elevation id="8429EE6A4BE4CB64A5A858DEA1C7AB50" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" unit="m" value="925.0">925 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="46D0BC88F1E358549A89D6A0B1D8308A" value="2021-08-22">22 Aug 2021</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="6E10F90D9C0DD0895667F08AB88C5730" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<collectorName id="144DC8650947DE7607F509DC25AB767F">
C. M.
<normalizedToken id="AC0F58E9E64DBB4177D2B0FE48C025A8" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
2887
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="216D82628887958986CAD79B8C95C842">holotype</typeStatus>
SI)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EE7A31C2B674A50B4850CBC0DB5B3F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="6280A53215903FC710DAE5423DEED2FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C46F87CE20D81F0528F8662092E2092F" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
Shrub with erect shoots up to 130 cm tall from a short horizontal xylopodium (= ligneous rhizome), ca. 5
<normalizedToken id="FAD10956A5DE00D220782F28172574BF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 cm, sometimes divided into 3-4 branches distally; aerial vegetative organs densely hairy, with white scabrid and glochidiate trichomes, ca. 0.5 mm long. Leaves opposite, 14-22
<normalizedToken id="C511A99F346693A1109E13F01B651895" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
13-9 cm, lamina with 1-2 lobes in each side, margin serrate, apices acute to rounded, base cuneate, petiole 1.5-3 cm long. Inflorescences terminal dichasia; peduncle ca. 6 cm long; basal bracts 3
<normalizedToken id="281D334A52F74D0200D29705426B0491" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2 cm, 3-lobed, margin denticulate, base cuneate; distal bracts 0.8-1.8
<normalizedToken id="AF3C27F61178D9A9DD8C16E5141B00A8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.5 cm, lanceolate, margin entire. Flowers tetramerous, pedicels 4-6 mm long, deflexed. Sepals broadly triangular, ca. 5
<normalizedToken id="D8DE5E02F8E2A4771AA8CDF7099EEE66" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm, margins entire, erect in bud, reflexed during anthesis, and pubescent on both sides, pubescence similar to that of vegetative organ. Petals 7
<normalizedToken id="718FF15F25F6A34C1BEE0113201CCB11" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm, greenish white, unguiculate, with a long claw (ca. 1/3 of petal length), cucullate in the distal half, with two membranous longitudinal lamellae with densely ciliate margin, aestivation valvate, margin with a tooth on each side near the middle, where the limb starts, dorsal veins three, with scabrid-glochidiate trichomes abaxially, mostly glabrous adaxially. Nectar scales 4, antesepalous, 4
<normalizedToken id="C3988509AD1BB48E673DE902BEFE07B9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm, cucullate, formed apparently by 6 fused staminodes, mostly white, pubescent in lower half, striped green and yellowish in distal third, apex green, slightly recurved. Free staminodes 4 per scale, opposite and internal to it, dimorphic, their lower halves partly fused, densely pubescent, with laciniate margins, central staminodes green, 4 mm long, with a conspicuous, papillose, scale-like filament flange below the middle, apex reflexed, spathulate the lateral ones yellowish-white, 5.3 mm long, with a filiform apex. Fertile stamens arranged in 4 antepetalous groups of ca. 7 per petal, free, filament ca. 6 mm long, base pubescent, anthers white, with two obovate thecae. Ovary half-superior, broadly ovate to conical; style to 5 mm long, lower half pubescent, stigma with four ribs tapering towards the apex. Fruits subglobose capsules, with a conical, slightly asymmetrical apex, opening with 4 apical valves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C941CDAEDAAA8B1A37DAC6DA0DC30101" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="17FC9CA11BDE932B5435B43805AF0822" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94455629BD533CEC365FE08185B1490F" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">The name of the species refers to the locality of the type collection in Argentina (Estancia Las Lauras, Jujuy, Argentina).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0F4327551445E425F14EC6C6B0958C70" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3A565395754EA7584396AE134BE5F870" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43E02664BF957B52679018B96D02655" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="64DC9616E2A2ABBA01A37435872D51EB" authorityName="C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="DE55A4174C4628F32A6CE2CEBCCAD11E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on the eastern slope of the Andes from Bolivia (Dptos. La Paz and Chuquisaca) to northern Argentina (Prov. Jujuy) at elevations from 850-900 m asl (Jujuy and Chuquisaca) to 2360 m asl (La Paz) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2D497CE17275A716072E41ED7EDA0CC5" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution of Xylopodia klaprothioides and X. laurensis (photo credit for La Paz: A. F. Fuentes)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673018" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1</figureCitation>
). The known distribution thereby covers a latitudinal range of ca. 1000 km in a straight line between the northernmost locality in Dpto. La Paz and the southernmost population from Prov. Jujuy. The distributional range is even larger (~1300 km) when following the curve of the eastern slope of the Andes along a suitable elevation with appropriate climatic conditions and respective available habitats.
<taxonomicName id="42EF7BB3746A4E2A3A67B478E1AECF98" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="61806382E98746FA17B7D11D72DBD4FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can hence be considered a rather widespread taxon, albeit with very specific saxicolous habitat requirements, and this contrasts markedly with the very narrow endemism of its sister taxon,
<taxonomicName id="EA5666A688C538623A638D26F4076D2E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="4676353BAC90F3F1166EC402CFF58A66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Narrow endemism as found in
<taxonomicName id="095BE13AEE07B50F7BA7A0E4B70759DF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="303CF9C657231C8625A323158F5F4D56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common pattern reported for many plant groups whose elements reach into the Amotape-Huancabamba zone (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="F1C45C36EB3BBE78C70A70FF47F6059D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gentianaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Gentianaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="A03B065E5BBEE375E09D6C122745D9F4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3417/2008040" author="Struwe, L" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="450 - 469" refId="B25" refString="Struwe, L, Haag, S, Heiberg, E, Grant, JR, 2009. Andean speciation and vicariance in neotropical Macrocarpaea (Gentianaceae - Helieae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 96 (3): 450 - 469, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3417/2008040" title="Andean speciation and vicariance in neotropical Macrocarpaea (Gentianaceae - Helieae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3417/2008040" volume="96" year="2009">Struwe et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="6F47FC2C984465853212B0E61DE071D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="50192750C32D242293B2BCDBB429372F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.594015" author="Weigend, M" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1161 - 1179" refId="B37" refString="Weigend, M, Gottschling, M, Hilger, HH, Nuerk, NM, 2010. Five new species of Lithospermum L. (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) in Andean South America: Another radiation in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone. Taxon 59 (4): 1161 - 1179, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.594015" title="Five new species of Lithospermum L. (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) in Andean South America: Another radiation in the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.594015" volume="59" year="2010">Weigend et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="63128CFDA7924C79456390DD75ABA603" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Grossulariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Saxifragales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Grossulariaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7E7FD328DC8E57C0B870E6561177A854" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="D04CA781E849831790AC894B823B6E37" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00351" author="Mutke, J" journalOrPublisher="Berichte der Reinhold-Tuexen-Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B19" refString="Mutke, J, Jacobs, R, Meyers, K, Henning, T, Weigend, M, 2014. Diversity patterns of selected Andean plant groups correspond to topography and habitat dynamics, not orogeny. Frontiers in Genetics 5: e351. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00351" title="Diversity patterns of selected Andean plant groups correspond to topography and habitat dynamics, not orogeny. Frontiers in Genetics 5: e 351." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00351" year="2014">Mutke et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="EE4E5BBCC5E31EAD707C3AE835A8733C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="79E232B1F28393CE6DB5B077D19AC664" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.001" author="Deanna, R" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="71 - 80" refId="B7" refString="Deanna, R, Barboza, GE, Carrizo-Garcia, C, 2018. Phylogenetic relationships of Deprea: New insights into the evolutionary history of physaloid groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 119: 71 - 80, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.001" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Deprea: New insights into the evolutionary history of physaloid groups." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.001" volume="119" year="2018">Deanna et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="9507D18A9810C08BC2F5571B258E44C1" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="EAD7D9A2D90F42226024A91F338C5D5A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4216" author="Escobar, S" journalOrPublisher="Ecology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="8030 - 8042" refId="B9" refString="Escobar, S, Pintaud, JC, Balslev, H, Bernal, R, Moraes Ramirez, M, Millan, B, Montufar, R, 2018. Genetic structuring in a Neotropical palm analyzed through an Andean orogenesis-scenario. Ecology and Evolution 8 (16): 8030 - 8042, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4216" title="Genetic structuring in a Neotropical palm analyzed through an Andean orogenesis-scenario." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4216" volume="8" year="2018">Escobar et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
;
<taxonomicName id="8F3788B8951CA65C08CDA9D71A2E0BF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lentibulariaceae</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="7B5970D64CB84660FF085A8B987E6353" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.49529" author="Casper, SJ" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="107 - 123" refId="B6" refString="Casper, SJ, Bussmann, RW, Henning, T, 2020. Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann &amp; T. Henning (Lentibulariaceae), a new butterwort from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (northern Peru). PhytoKeys 140: 107 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.49529" title="Pinguicula rosmarieae Casper, Bussmann &amp; T. Henning (Lentibulariaceae), a new butterwort from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (northern Peru)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.49529" volume="140" year="2020">Casper et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="58FAC08F6227F685078E5D749AF6AA4E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2021.92.955" author="Henning, T" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="299 - 311" refId="B13" refString="Henning, T, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, EF, Allen, JP, 2021. A new species of Utricularia Sect. Orchidioides (Lentibulariaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of North Peru. Darwiniana 9 (2): 299 - 311, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2021.92.955" title="A new species of Utricularia Sect. Orchidioides (Lentibulariaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of North Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.14522/darwiniana.2021.92.955" volume="9" year="2021">Henning et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and particularly common in the
<taxonomicName id="28EF77EC698E450CA6F174ACBD79018C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Loasaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="802F035CC3FCCA25CE35F008C42A4FAA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/0006-8152/2009/0127-0473" author="Henning, T" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="473 - 488" refId="B10" refString="Henning, T, Weigend, M, 2009. Two novel and critically endangered subspecies of Nasa humboldtian a (Loasaceae) from Peru. Botanische Jahrbuecher 127 (4): 473 - 488, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/0006-8152/2009/0127-0473" title="Two novel and critically endangered subspecies of Nasa humboldtian a (Loasaceae) from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/0006-8152/2009/0127-0473" volume="127" year="2009">Henning and Weigend 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B2B20CDEDD1A261DCF7162A47752C9C9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01164.x" author="Henning, T" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="47 - 93" refId="B11" refString="Henning, T, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, EF, Weigend, M, 2011. A revision of the Nasa ranunculifolia group (Nasa ser. Grandiflorae pro parte, Loasaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 167 (1): 47 - 93, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01164.x" title="A revision of the Nasa ranunculifolia group (Nasa ser. Grandiflorae pro parte, Loasaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01164.x" volume="167" year="2011">Henning et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5FDC2EADC3B1A0CEDBC5D4F6FF3B0953" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927" author="Henning, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="13 - 28" refId="B12" refString="Henning, T, Acuna-Castillo, RH, Rodriguez-Rodriguez, EF, Garcia-Llatas, LF, Weigend, M, 2019. A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru. PhytoKeys 121: 13 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927" title="A new striking and critically endangered species of Nasa (Loasaceae, Cornales) from North Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.33927" volume="121" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9B79E0DE0C6EF94010F15964DC9102D8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00351" author="Mutke, J" journalOrPublisher="Berichte der Reinhold-Tuexen-Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B19" refString="Mutke, J, Jacobs, R, Meyers, K, Henning, T, Weigend, M, 2014. Diversity patterns of selected Andean plant groups correspond to topography and habitat dynamics, not orogeny. Frontiers in Genetics 5: e351. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00351" title="Diversity patterns of selected Andean plant groups correspond to topography and habitat dynamics, not orogeny. Frontiers in Genetics 5: e 351." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2014.00351" year="2014">Mutke et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="193FC5C3FB42426C7FA372DEB59FDB97" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="E6708D1E0C14ADD95A272DAFD4E2DB9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E3389A415F399A421F58588C0B49A27" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="8E4A68BD0CB7CE878E7C822330D06BEC" authorityName="C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="AD374CBD32C3C443763279E86CB2E8CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the understory of seasonally dry (scrub) forest in shallow rocky soil and in soil pockets on rock-outcrops across its range (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2443A0D55DF732626802BE221FF25F7B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habitats of Xylopodia. A deciduous forest near Jujuy, Argentina, habitat of X. laurensis B X. laurensis habitat in a dry creek near Chuquisaca, Bolivia C rocky slopes with xerophilous vegetation near the town of Contumaza, Peru, habitat of narrowly endemic X. klaprothioides." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673021" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4</figureCitation>
). In Argentina, it grows in xerophilous and deciduous forests (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A30697900F0E759DB9FC99BB050C9C28" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habitats of Xylopodia. A deciduous forest near Jujuy, Argentina, habitat of X. laurensis B X. laurensis habitat in a dry creek near Chuquisaca, Bolivia C rocky slopes with xerophilous vegetation near the town of Contumaza, Peru, habitat of narrowly endemic X. klaprothioides." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673021" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4A</figureCitation>
) at 925 m a. s. l. corresponding to the Chaco Occidental phytogeographic district sensu
<bibRefCitation id="9350171877040A18BA81D25A157EC50F" author="Cabrera, AL" editor="Kugler, WF" journalOrPublisher="Tomo 2 (1), Acme. Buenos Aires" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 85" refId="B5" refString="Cabrera, AL, 1994. Regiones fitogeograficas argentinas. In: Kugler, WF, Ed., Enciclopedia argentina de agricultura y jardineria. Tomo 2(1), Acme. Buenos Aires: 1 - 85" title="Regiones fitogeograficas argentinas" volumeTitle="Enciclopedia argentina de agricultura y jardineria." year="1994">Cabrera 1994</bibRefCitation>
. Typical components are
<taxonomicName id="97B6602DAE9E730B155F19E6DBE0A10F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schinopsis lorentzii" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lorentzii">
<emphasis id="58A2E6D236B72C6BD9E4546DE44E5568" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schinopsis lorentzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Griseb.) Engl.,
<taxonomicName id="44D8458AFC0690FA91EC0E8145BB1E1C" authorityName="G.P. Lewis" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="D. Parodi" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia paraguariensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="paraguariensis">
<emphasis id="0D486E331A5C3F045C11A5378F6F65AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Libidibia paraguariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D. Parodi) G.P. Lewis,
<taxonomicName id="03E592A3788AE1C01C4D7B09215F2338" authorityName="Mattos" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Mart. ex DC." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Handroanthus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Handroanthus impetiginosus" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="impetiginosus">
<emphasis id="746A0902ED7C2985F5AFFA59569DA873" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Handroanthus impetiginosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mart. ex DC.) Mattos,
<taxonomicName id="21BCE05242D35E3D997DFDB16D2FF79E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceiba chodatii" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chodatii">
<emphasis id="0A3E8E6CBA09611FEC1BB8E2C0932601" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Ceiba chodatii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hassl.) Ravenna,
<taxonomicName id="9EA2EFC9642C642BC52C6619BAFCF4D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Aspidosperma" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quebracho-blanco">
<emphasis id="4A38B2930FC7E6A41B5B2A20108B94A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Schltdl. and
<taxonomicName id="51F7FCBFBBC060979719B8A245F01741" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Athyana" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Athyana weinmanniifolia" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weinmanniifolia">
<emphasis id="3D824C7B38546AC2B232EEB870E53F09" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Athyana weinmanniifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Griseb.) Radlk. In Chuquisaca,
<taxonomicName id="72F210A756F0E36B5D6842BF457A87E2" authorityName="C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="CE767CFC3838BB49033E62B0BAD4C3B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms small colonies on rocky outcrops and the margins of temporary streams (torrenteras, Fig.
<figureCitation id="611736B71CE7F96BEB0D728A5B042D5F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Habitats of Xylopodia. A deciduous forest near Jujuy, Argentina, habitat of X. laurensis B X. laurensis habitat in a dry creek near Chuquisaca, Bolivia C rocky slopes with xerophilous vegetation near the town of Contumaza, Peru, habitat of narrowly endemic X. klaprothioides." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673021" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4B</figureCitation>
) in the Boliviano-Tucumano Seasonal Dry Forests (Pilcomayo-Alto Parapeti Sector of the Boliviano-Tucumano Biogeographic Province sensu
<bibRefCitation id="0659D6DEB6959BE90BFF4046FD379EDD" author="Navarro, G" journalOrPublisher="Cochabamba, Bolivia" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B21" refString="Navarro, G, Maldonado, M, 2002. Geografia Ecologica de Bolivia: Vegetacion y Ambientes Acuaticos. Editorial: Centro de Ecologia Simon I. Patino. Cochabamba, Bolivia" title="Geografia Ecologica de Bolivia: Vegetacion y Ambientes Acuaticos. Editorial: Centro de Ecologia Simon I. Patino." year="2002">Navarro and Maldonado 2002</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="0175935F971486865DF16AD1725F6A1D" author="Navarro, G" journalOrPublisher="PLURAL Editores, La Paz" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B20" refString="Navarro, G, Ferreira, W, 2009. Biogeografia de Bolivia en VMABCC-BIOVERSITY. 2009. Libro Rojo de Parientes Silvestres de Cultivos de Bolivia. PLURAL Editores, La Paz" title="Biogeografia de Bolivia en VMABCC-BIOVERSITY. 2009. Libro Rojo de Parientes Silvestres de Cultivos de Bolivia." year="2009">Navarro and Ferreira 2009</bibRefCitation>
). The most common species here are
<taxonomicName id="308CA70517D119014B3D614ED348E438" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schinopsis lorentzii" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lorentzii">
<emphasis id="14635F0DBC3EE264CFFDCBE97C7B33B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schinopsis lorentzii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F19AFFEAE66A28C91A92FFA15941F871" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Anadenanthera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anadenanthera colubrina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colubrina">
<emphasis id="3FDE930806B99920D38B67F99C991D14" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Anadenanthera colubrina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Vell.) Brenan,
<taxonomicName id="3A1E230A0733E3AB8A12D3D6120A458C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceiba chodatii" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chodatii">
<emphasis id="8701F2328FC33FEA38CDA6D2D695E435" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Ceiba chodatii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2D86AD953BC50AF8BF1BB3006AE1EEBD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Saccellium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Saccellium lanceolatum" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
<emphasis id="E7534F1DB2B9D738F4E62CFD75B11905" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Saccellium lanceolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bonpl.,
<taxonomicName id="EE4DE53ED7DC09B0A2844B000ED1B454" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Piptadenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptadenia boliviana" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis id="7395DD86131D7A809FAC5FBB23D5E7DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Piptadenia boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth.,
<taxonomicName id="5473062A5D6060C144B11D9FF95CA215" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Ruprechtia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ruprechtia apetala" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apetala">
<emphasis id="DCF2BC0A2966CE41168897D238FF259B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Ruprechtia apetala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wedd. and
<taxonomicName id="68F871E5E56D5C4B56AF6C99262596A3" authorityName="G.P. Lewis" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="D. Parodi" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Libidibia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Libidibia paraguariensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="paraguariensis">
<emphasis id="21413ED5FCC59702944D256007AE14CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Libidibia paraguariensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These rock outcrop habitats are poorly studied in Bolivia and several new species from other plant groups still await description (JC unpublished data). In La Paz, the new species is found in the
<normalizedToken id="BF965DE2670C92718E4578C204344A65" originalValue="Yungueño">Yungueno</normalizedToken>
Montane semi-deciduous forest. This area has been more profoundly influenced by human activities. The original forests have been replaced by scrub and secondary forests (these correspond to the Cuenca Alta del Beni Sector of the
<normalizedToken id="CF7083C6B5763F40DED1CAA6AC1A2DBA" originalValue="Yungueña">Yunguena</normalizedToken>
Peruviana-Boliviana Biogeographic Province sensu
<bibRefCitation id="DE3D7B5889F0F953BE11A4B2A64863CC" author="Navarro, G" journalOrPublisher="Cochabamba, Bolivia" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B21" refString="Navarro, G, Maldonado, M, 2002. Geografia Ecologica de Bolivia: Vegetacion y Ambientes Acuaticos. Editorial: Centro de Ecologia Simon I. Patino. Cochabamba, Bolivia" title="Geografia Ecologica de Bolivia: Vegetacion y Ambientes Acuaticos. Editorial: Centro de Ecologia Simon I. Patino." year="2002">Navarro and Maldonado 2002</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="26563F52D66191DE384F96B25D9C23DC" author="Navarro, G" journalOrPublisher="PLURAL Editores, La Paz" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B20" refString="Navarro, G, Ferreira, W, 2009. Biogeografia de Bolivia en VMABCC-BIOVERSITY. 2009. Libro Rojo de Parientes Silvestres de Cultivos de Bolivia. PLURAL Editores, La Paz" title="Biogeografia de Bolivia en VMABCC-BIOVERSITY. 2009. Libro Rojo de Parientes Silvestres de Cultivos de Bolivia." year="2009">Navarro and Ferreira 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6D82586496B085B2ED182AA426721723" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="9F635A85CD4AC5B8FEDB856DDCB38DAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C9BD94F756ECE2D2250B240DB584E3DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">The flowering and fruiting of this species have been recorded in the dry season, from late August to mid-September in Jujuy and from April to August in Chuquisaca. In Chuquisaca, plants lose their foliage by August and produce new leaves when the rainy season starts in October to November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FDFCAB9B66E3A7C21B3E65C79EA4483E" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4958338BE79C4464DD9782A58462D49C" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C73C05458AD114ABF7CC51B37406EAFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<materialsCitation id="BC61C6D872BC18577A1FA44140D00ED3" collectingDate="2019-09-11" collectingDateMax="2021-10-17" collectingDateMin="2019-09-11" collectorName="Municipio Villa Vaca Guzman, A, Norte de la Comunidad Ivoca, J. C. Catari, Z. Perez, Photographs" country="Bolivia" elevation="850" location="Este de la Quebrada Angoba. Estancia del Sr. Jhony Labras." municipality="Norte de la Comunidad Ivoca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chuquisaca">
<collectingCountry id="A302D6C6E1727B37D9D311CF4596A771" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
: Dpto.
<collectingRegion id="011D941DD8E0915901C4D48BB60A0F03" country="Bolivia" name="Chuquisaca">Chuquisaca</collectingRegion>
. Prov. Luis Calvo,
<collectorName id="3A2D69D3F55653B36AF38C76C39D8421">
Municipio Villa Vaca
<normalizedToken id="FA76022DE5C93428F2146EA615F61EBC" originalValue="Guzmán">Guzman</normalizedToken>
, A
</collectorName>
<quantity id="A3066624982D65D4CE77719708E68B40" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="km" value="5.5">5.5 km</quantity>
al
<collectorName id="5F9A523AC5A4112A287C9530330385AF">
<collectingMunicipality id="0880D9A177B2B62DC6F72909C401E2A0">Norte de la Comunidad Ivoca</collectingMunicipality>
</collectorName>
y
<quantity id="4704BB09E00EFB1DAC04137E42672A01" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
al
<location id="221800FFDA970C0851B5BAA30AA07AA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B6F06DCFFEA559BAF86261F793A9D6F:221800FFDA970C0851B5BAA30AA07AA2" country="Bolivia" municipality="Norte de la Comunidad Ivoca" name="Este de la Quebrada Angoba. Estancia del Sr. Jhony Labras." stateProvince="Chuquisaca">Este de la Quebrada Angoba. Estancia del Sr. Jhony Labras.</location>
<quantity id="FCEEEA48A246E4AF5D6D5EB14985958C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">
<elevation id="08E3ACEC1CA248C4915455466C659266" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="E1AAA5DDF2AD5C9935D6A54DAA43136F" value="2019-09-11">11. Sep. 2019</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="CEEF4ABEB3DA1C2ABD699A89A3D87957" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<collectorName id="262EA3A47F40899E56EB3440724BF76A">J.C. Catari</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="64822EFD779FE7F4661E1F786C0E2350">
Z.
<normalizedToken id="5E9D95AD97C18A4324800C6E59230A8A" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
2501
</emphasis>
(USZ); same locality,
<collectingDate id="C3DD8B1EF0E3D1895CBF7160E5E6F524" value="2021-10-17">17. Oct. 2021</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="A2C4EC286DEFE534BB21CDE2A5418147" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<collectorName id="58DDACE0B865C50AA00C62024AE176CA">J.C. Catari</collectorName>
2510
</emphasis>
(USZ).
<collectorName id="B6EBC8BD331A0AEC8392C84D2619BBF8">Photographs</collectorName>
examined
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="BEB37AE845A2ADB9BB62A84F0777A35E" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Bolivia" location="La Paz" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="La Paz">
<collectingCountry id="74F05FB4991CDF46A79B0CA346C82C90" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
: Dpto.
<collectingRegion id="38628E22BF8450130AE0E4E143656D53" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz">La Paz</collectingRegion>
, Prov. Larecaja, Municipio Sorata, Cueva de
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="632F15D9E8296C6F4A3188E5B6FB0D69" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="A. F. Fuentes" country="San Pedro" location="San Pedro" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="FF18E4F011AD4E7D4FD881C651F74B77" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
, s.d., autor:
<collectorName id="97C15AE275E33F49D39C2B2465203BE5">A.F. Fuentes</collectorName>
(available in http://legacy.tropicos.org/Image/100494035)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D43AE24C4F6090C21251E967688C02F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="notes">
<paragraph id="C5D221B4820F8AB2B907FAF0455D34E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5094461028BA8419CA2D2FDEEDE1C4C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="88145809682B5A81C9B1F6315CD65D05" authorityName="C. M. Martin &amp; C. A. Zanotti" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="9872E18CFFDD0BAC2AAE9D4A0E3EB6DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a close ally of
<taxonomicName id="971E6A6AB52084C9C61E1C864C4CCA7B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="082B2B7C586EF91A35C59D9397DC7FA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Vegetatively, it mainly differs in the much smaller woody rhizome, which easily reaches 30 cm and more in length in mature
<taxonomicName id="7A92B28C709E37B7CE512E76AC0C0760" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="59F01DBD91D5932DD88DA5B7FF763E64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Aerial stem and leaf morphology appear to be similar, although the leaves of
<taxonomicName id="6664EF32478A1AE262AF6FF3612CC4CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="13191615A8C37B924B8A1D20FC31987F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually smaller and not as deeply lobed (Figs
<figureCitation id="79CBB3424D6A0D3724BA6FBED6A3C533" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xylopodia klaprothioides A flower, lateral view, showing the lamellae (L) and nectar scales (NS) B flower, frontal view, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit with slightly opened apical valves D nectar scale in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views E nectar scale complex with one scale removed to reveal the internal monomorphic staminodes (MS) and the inconspicuous filament flanges (FF) F sterile branches with mature leaves G xylopodium of a 2 - year-old plant H seed. All from Weigend et al. 97 / 450." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673019" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="220067FD819BF8D827A9BB1FE3A5C283" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xylopodia laurensis. A flower, lateral view, showing the nectar scales (NS) B flower, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit, showing the four apical valves D details of the central staminode (left), showing the well-developed filament flange (FF), lateral staminode (right) E staminodes within the nectar scale, showing the lateral staminodes (LS) and the central ones (CS) F plant G xylopodium. All from Martin 2887, except C (Catari 2510)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673020" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">3F</figureCitation>
). The major differences, however, are found in the details of floral morphology, where
<taxonomicName id="480C8C6FAC606FB9A1ED6EA9E5B750B4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="3D19245E834B986EB286F4F793C1857F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in its reflexed (versus spreading) sepals during anthesis (Figs
<figureCitation id="3EE09C33DDE2DEEDBEE89317FE20DB11" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xylopodia klaprothioides A flower, lateral view, showing the lamellae (L) and nectar scales (NS) B flower, frontal view, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit with slightly opened apical valves D nectar scale in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views E nectar scale complex with one scale removed to reveal the internal monomorphic staminodes (MS) and the inconspicuous filament flanges (FF) F sterile branches with mature leaves G xylopodium of a 2 - year-old plant H seed. All from Weigend et al. 97 / 450." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673019" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2A-B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FA770946685D6F2B6781B7B1676B90FF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xylopodia laurensis. A flower, lateral view, showing the nectar scales (NS) B flower, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit, showing the four apical valves D details of the central staminode (left), showing the well-developed filament flange (FF), lateral staminode (right) E staminodes within the nectar scale, showing the lateral staminodes (LS) and the central ones (CS) F plant G xylopodium. All from Martin 2887, except C (Catari 2510)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673020" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">3A-B</figureCitation>
), floral scale coloration (white and yellowish-green pattern apically versus uniformly green with yellowish scale neck, Figs
<figureCitation id="64530C87039524CA8EA6BC66F72E1857" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xylopodia klaprothioides A flower, lateral view, showing the lamellae (L) and nectar scales (NS) B flower, frontal view, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit with slightly opened apical valves D nectar scale in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views E nectar scale complex with one scale removed to reveal the internal monomorphic staminodes (MS) and the inconspicuous filament flanges (FF) F sterile branches with mature leaves G xylopodium of a 2 - year-old plant H seed. All from Weigend et al. 97 / 450." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673019" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2A-B, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="DEF132E230D1324BFA6716F68B7C2FFE" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xylopodia laurensis. A flower, lateral view, showing the nectar scales (NS) B flower, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit, showing the four apical valves D details of the central staminode (left), showing the well-developed filament flange (FF), lateral staminode (right) E staminodes within the nectar scale, showing the lateral staminodes (LS) and the central ones (CS) F plant G xylopodium. All from Martin 2887, except C (Catari 2510)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673020" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">3A-B, E</figureCitation>
) and the morphology of the staminodes (Figs
<figureCitation id="C70FC441A94118B34BA247EA5F72C052" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Xylopodia klaprothioides A flower, lateral view, showing the lamellae (L) and nectar scales (NS) B flower, frontal view, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit with slightly opened apical valves D nectar scale in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views E nectar scale complex with one scale removed to reveal the internal monomorphic staminodes (MS) and the inconspicuous filament flanges (FF) F sterile branches with mature leaves G xylopodium of a 2 - year-old plant H seed. All from Weigend et al. 97 / 450." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673019" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">2E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0582338401881CCB73118A1BE61BC1B7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Xylopodia laurensis. A flower, lateral view, showing the nectar scales (NS) B flower, showing the lamellae (L) C mature fruit, showing the four apical valves D details of the central staminode (left), showing the well-developed filament flange (FF), lateral staminode (right) E staminodes within the nectar scale, showing the lateral staminodes (LS) and the central ones (CS) F plant G xylopodium. All from Martin 2887, except C (Catari 2510)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673020" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">3D</figureCitation>
). The central staminodes are particularly distinctive and their enlarged filament flanges resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="74F84B3D9C0F4F55A859FFC30F7AED55" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Kissenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kissenia capensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="BDD08766867BE42B6EA6E78F90A22F55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Kissenia capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.Br. ex Harv. (
<bibRefCitation id="1A18B98CB6F2B9362894CF4F28D587CF" author="Urban, I" journalOrPublisher="Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 368" refId="B27" refString="Urban, I, Gilg, E, 1900. Monographia Loasacearum. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 76: 1 - 368" title="Monographia Loasacearum." volume="76" year="1900">Urban and Gilg 1900</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="789FF99FA235104B8EF362270EE7885C" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
There is a disjunction of ca. 1500 km between the populations of
<taxonomicName id="0FDEC0958683AED5F799B8347839B36F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="C72F9E86490DFD00647AF3E928719296" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern Peru and
<taxonomicName id="3820D9513821A9B5E65C5E4E3826F78D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="30383B64AC0E2878B020E4CD2B0A3C23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Bolivia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="24C877AF7B13CF9FD96633FB85C5D934" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution of Xylopodia klaprothioides and X. laurensis (photo credit for La Paz: A. F. Fuentes)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673018" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1</figureCitation>
). The recent discovery of this genus demonstrates that it is very difficult to locate in the field - mostly because it has few if any leaves when in flower, and the green flowers are hardly differentiated from the surrounding vegetation, rendering visual recognition of even flowering plants a genuine challenge. If found when sterile, it could be confused with some other oppositely leaved subshrubs or shrubs (high magnification lenses are necessary to see the distinctive scabrid-glochidiate trichomes, Fig.
<figureCitation id="1858FDA45F21D2B8F76657410FE33198" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. False-color BSE-image of the trichome cover of the leaves of X. klaprothioides. Mineralized areas are highlighted in red, non-mineralized areas in green A abaxial surface densely covered with unicellular, glochidiate and a few scabrid trichomes B adaxial surface densely set with scabrid hairs. (Credit: H. J. Ensikat, Bonn)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673022" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">5</figureCitation>
). Likewise, the species, even if widely distributed, could be very localized in distribution. One of us (JC) explored an area of ca. 10 ha of suitable habitat near the collection locality in Chuquisaca and was able to locate only two small colonies distributed in an area of &lt;1000 m2. It is therefore conceivable that
<taxonomicName id="0F7BAC3E9854B0C4984288F0F5E7AD9F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="851EAAD58FACE238B04420ED903B5A8B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also present in similar vegetation in the intervening area between the known ranges of these two species, for example in the poorly explored
<normalizedToken id="C80B9025F47BCBF8D90DCBFAFA6F283D" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Mantaro and
<normalizedToken id="5D76817592161ACE2BFEBFD69437CD4A" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="ED153EFB9736DC5D62901C5BAF48E501" originalValue="Apurímac">Apurimac</normalizedToken>
systems in Peru. Future explorations may turn up additional localities for this species. However, as it now stands, it appears to represent a highly unusual disjunction shown by few other plant taxa restricted to the seasonally dry forests of northwestern Peru and the eastern Andean slope in Bolivia and Argentina, corresponding to what
<bibRefCitation id="F7C3B95811BAD7F8D803A04F0228E8D7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399937" author="Prado, D" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="902 - 927" refId="B22" refString="Prado, D, Gibbs, P, 1993. Patterns of species distributions in the dry seasonal forest of South America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 80 (4): 902 - 927, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399937" title="Patterns of species distributions in the dry seasonal forest of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399937" volume="80" year="1993">Prado and Gibbs (1993)</bibRefCitation>
consider as the Pleistocene arc of tropical seasonal dry forests.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4BCB34F2BA3BE39CF5289FA256B6E84F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673022" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="CA4220353F46ACDA470ED0DBF389F3F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="03B3C3E3B2268FB9F6E2E0D25897AD98" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 5.</emphasis>
False-color BSE-image of the trichome cover of the leaves of
<taxonomicName id="E1763327DB74C60D69044186264438D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. klaprothioides" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaprothioides">
<emphasis id="99209C9BB0498FBD9562D801D4363A7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. klaprothioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Mineralized areas are highlighted in red, non-mineralized areas in green
<emphasis id="02EB98AB491CF17C6E7373FFA44120C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
abaxial surface densely covered with unicellular, glochidiate and a few scabrid trichomes
<emphasis id="8436B5FCACCE6A76FB7697F520F21DA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
adaxial surface densely set with scabrid hairs. (Credit: H.J. Ensikat, Bonn).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D63619DA336DCAD69F7D19651A6FDA1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="3397852DDCC859969CCAF304C17651EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC989D92A93AB7D59ABE47E0FCDAF329" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
As mentioned above, the actual abundance of
<taxonomicName id="DDC61BCB4A36C53C30F247978C958C66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FD0A1A6084DD43D217481C7A6BD98401" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very difficult to assess, both globally and locally. Both species share a very nondescript appearance, even during flowering and especially after the shedding of leaves during the dry season. Hence, there are only very few collections. However, unlike the type species,
<taxonomicName id="0704344A2B2AD2352612FAC212AAB617" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="50CDF8CF9A2C2B9C863DDCFBE5599F68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is evidently more widespread and likely present in suitable habitats in between the known populations (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A49AF50ECCCA97D502371B3D6F441BBE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Known distribution of Xylopodia klaprothioides and X. laurensis (photo credit for La Paz: A. F. Fuentes)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.194.77827.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/673018" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">1</figureCitation>
). The estimated EOO (Extent Of Occurrence) is&gt; 72.000 km2, resulting in a conservation status assessment of &quot;least concern&quot; (LC) according to the IUCN categories and criteria (2012) and guidelines (2019). Conversely, given the fact that all collections and observations made so far only report very small populations or single individuals, the AOO (Area Of Occupancy) for the species is extremely small (&lt;0.03 km2 when applying the smallest possible grid cell of 100
<normalizedToken id="7046F212F7A9A5FDC11389111DF296F6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
100 m in GeoCat) presumably reflecting the narrowness of the ecological niche of
<taxonomicName id="17896224D99A7B64E0D62F426F179A35" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" genus="Xylopodia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopodia" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F2365DF317459E4F943672ECB5283AEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Xylopodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter value would consider
<taxonomicName id="8D2D7CC3F7D0B4AD97FBFB9834D183D1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="33B63AD6F102E6BAEB1AC2F340C091F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as &quot;critically endangered&quot; (CR) according to the IUCN. These contradictory results show how difficult even a tentative assessment of a
<normalizedToken id="B86A6844B4BB2FDAE9C7748CA26CD434" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
conservation status can be, if the data are too limited due to either collection gaps in certain regions or taxonomic groups or real rarity of the taxon in question. At the moment, we cannot give a satisfactory answer on the threat status of
<taxonomicName id="536F6747868AE9F98DA8D4FA7F8DF2C0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loasaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. laurensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laurensis">
<emphasis id="21B4723F7AA5E7B9C35237A69BF3C3A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">X. laurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It might be rare and under immediate threat or maybe it has been just under collected. For the time being its conservation status must hence be categorized as &quot;data deficient&quot; (DD).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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