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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2ed0378-03f8-4aaf-98a4-0cc1f5fd084f" ID-PMC="PMC4857042" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-581-71" ID-PubMed="27199582" ID-ZBK="CC1CA2C044724D5DAB727EACB8D2DF29" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-581-71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 581" ModsDocTitle="Sinulariapolydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species" checkinTime="1460715464931" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Ofwegen, Leen P., McFadden, Catherine S. &amp; Benayahu, Yehuda" docDate="2016" docId="8B03ABB6AADAD36055E16D3FC6ECD7F6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 581: 71-126" docOrigin="ZooKeys 581" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455" docTitle="Sinularia levi Ofwegen, McFadden &amp; Benayahu, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="1EBC5A7A-629C-4A43-8A1D-C5A45B1B494B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="185A0559977F566AFF9E932BFFD17D7D" masterDocTitle="Sinulariapolydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668162970519" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Sinulariapolydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>McFadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>581</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>71</mods:start>
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-581-71</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">CC1CA2C044724D5DAB727EACB8D2DF29</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CC1CA2C044724D5DAB727EACB8D2DF29</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127864565" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EBC5A7A-629C-4A43-8A1D-C5A45B1B494B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B03ABB6AADAD36055E16D3FC6ECD7F6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Taxon classification Animalia Alcyonacea Alcyoniidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1EBC5A7A-629C-4A43-8A1D-C5A45B1B494B" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia levi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levi">Sinularia levi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 2
<normalizedToken originalValue="DE">D-E</normalizedToken>
, 15, 16, 17, 18, 44
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="77" start="start">Sinularia</pageBreakToken>
polydactyla
</taxonomicName>
(partly); Verseveldt 1971: 4 (Madagascar).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="303 - 323" title="Molecular systematics of the speciose Indo-Pacific soft coral genus, Sinularia (Anthozoa: Octocorallia)." url="10.1111/j.1744-7410.2009.00179.x" volume="128" year="2009">McFadden et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
: 321 (Eilat, northern Red Sea); 2011: 25.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Type material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<typeStatus pageId="6" pageNumber="77">holotype</typeStatus>
: ZMTAU Co 34106, Eilat Nature Reserve, Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea (Israel),
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="29.51">29°30.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="34.9225">34°55.35'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 2.4-5.5 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 24 July 2007;
<typeStatus pageId="6" pageNumber="77">paratype</typeStatus>
: ZMTAU Co 34138, same data as
<typeStatus pageId="6" pageNumber="77">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
RMNH Coel. 6648, W of harbour, Hellville, Nosy
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, Madagascar, 12 m, 26 July 1967, coll. A.G. Humes, 1205, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and six microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 6649, Ambariobe, near Nosy
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, Madagascar, 2 m, 22 August 1967, coll. A.G. Humes, 1307, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and four microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 6650, Banc de Cinq
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mètres">Metres</normalizedToken>
, near Nosy
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, Madagascar, 20 m, 6 August 1967, coll. A.G. Humes, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and four microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 6651, Banc de Cinq
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mètres">Metres</normalizedToken>
, near Nosy
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, Madagascar, 20 m, 6 August 1967, coll. A.G. Humes, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and three microscope slides; ZMTAU 34108, Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, Israel,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="29.51">29°30.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="34.9225">34°55.35'E</geoCoordinate>
, 2.4-5.5 m, 24 July 2007, coll. Y Benayahu; ZMTAU 36585, Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, Israel,1-2 m, June 2014, coll. E. Shoham and Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU 36607, Eilat, Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, Israel, 1-2 m, June 2014, coll. E. Shoham and Y. Benayahu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">The holotype is 5.5 cm high and 3 cm wide (Figure 2D) with a stalk 3 cm long. The primary lobes give off short knob-like lobules up to 5 mm long. The polyp openings are visible as small pits.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
Sclerites. Polyps without collaret, but with points featuring poorly developed clubs, up to 0.15 mm long (Figure 15A). Tentacles with rods that sometimes are ramified, up to 0.08 mm long (Figure 15B). The surface layer of the lobules has clubs with a central wart, the smallest are 0.08 mm long, most are around 0.10 mm, some reach a length of 0.25 mm (Figure 15C). Furthermore, the surface layer of the lobules has spindles, up to 0.35 mm long, with simple tubercles (Figure 16A). The sclerites of the
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="78" start="start">surface</pageBreakToken>
layer of the base of the colony resemble those of the surface layer of the lobules, but clubs and spindles are shorter, up to 0.20 mm long, and the spindles and handles of the clubs are wider (Figure 17). A few sclerites intermediate between those of surface and interior are also present (Figure 18C). The interior of the colony has unbranched spindles. In the lobules the spindles are up to 2.5 mm long (Figure 16B), almost all having complex tubercles (Figure 16C). In the base of the colony they are up to 2 mm long (Figure 18A), many with complex tubercles (Figure 18B).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
Figure 15.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia levi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levi">Sinularia levi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype, ZMTAU Co 34106. A point clubs B tentacle rods C clubs of surface layer top of colony.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
Figure 16.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia levi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levi">Sinularia levi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype, ZMTAU Co 34106. A spindles of surface layer top of colony B spindles of the interior of top of colony C tuberculation of a spindle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
Figure 17.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia levi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levi">Sinularia levi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype, ZMTAU Co 34106. A cross of surface layer of the base of the colony B clubs C spindles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
Figure 18.
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia levi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levi">Sinularia levi</taxonomicName>
sp. n. holotype, ZMTAU Co 34106. A spindles of interior of base of colony B tuberculation of two of the spindles C spindle and club intermediate between surface and interior sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Colour. The alcohol-preserved specimen is brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Named after the late Prof. Lev Fishelson, Tel Aviv University, pioneering and outstanding marine biologist, who investigated Red Sea coral reefs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Intraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">The paratype ZMTAU Co 34138 (Figure 2E) has similar sclerites, colony shape and colour.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
Preserved specimens have a brown colony colour. In the RMNH, only four specimens from Madagascar identified by Verseveldt as
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
can be referred to this species. Live colonies are shown in Figure 44.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>