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<document id="1CA3574FF8F075B44206FD51F75E69C8" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240120" ID-ZooBank="5D6C7EBF-E568-4100-9364-2DD357003878" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1716361325736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Oliveira, Claudio &amp; Ferraris Jr, Carl J." docDate="2024" docId="03F32B77FFFAFFBF0EA9F9D4FDBD4DD2" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad078.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Cephalocassis Bleeker 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="456" masterDocId="FFCA530FFFE7FFA10D44FFD6FFAB4A1E" masterDocTitle="A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="476" masterPageNumber="426" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1716560620312" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:title id="089422C41E4DB3234C5B5F0169C8E420">A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0F32709310A72BB712369213B6EC3B7">Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DF78650EDC0D1DDB088833590A82DEE6">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58050 - 000, Brazil &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429 - 500, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="61BF59EE6079F591CEB1D30A283C738E" type="email">a_marceniuk@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="83CD6866B4A2473C419C0C259D86FF36">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="935049D1A6A7AAD65DF395848A76084A">Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="20839817D7ECB17FE81694C0B6523BD2">Ferraris Jr, Carl J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6CF20C3758A58DBD64E093D63C62195C">545 NE Floral Pl., Portland, OR 97232, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="078DF7F64021436B6A66D3D2A990FFC1">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFFAFFBC0EA9F9D4FAA54C02" box="[1005,1294,1538,1565]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFFAFFBC0EA9F9D4FAA54C02" blockId="29.[1005,1294,1538,1565]" box="[1005,1294,1538,1565]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
<heading id="D0AD2D0DFFFAFFBC0EA9F9D4FAA54C02" bold="true" box="[1005,1294,1538,1565]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="455" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFFAFFBC0EA9F9D4FAA54C02" ID-CoL="3KDY" ID-ENA="390432" authority="Bleeker, 1852" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[1005,1294,1538,1565]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFFAFFBC0EA9F9D4FAA54C02" bold="true" box="[1005,1294,1538,1565]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFFAFFBC0EA9F9D4FBD34C03" bold="true" box="[1005,1144,1538,1565]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">Cephalocassis</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1852
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFFAFFBF095CF997FE4B4C2E" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="29" pageNumber="455" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFFAFFBC095CF997FB484C45" blockId="29.[1048,1251,1601,1627]" box="[1048,1251,1601,1627]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFFAFFBC095CF997FB484C45" bold="true" box="[1048,1251,1601,1627]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
(
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFFAFFBC0967F997FBD74C45" box="[1059,1148,1601,1627]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[129,194,1805,1829]" captionStartId-1="3.[825,890,1803,1827]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,178,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,776,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-1="[843,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,708,146,1775]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@3.[152,744,149,1755]" captionTargetId-1="figure-61@3.[851,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetId-2="figure-643@4.[149,717,144,1776]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. MP analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-1="Figure 2. ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green). Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-2="Figure 3. BI analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240122" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240126" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240122/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11240126/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFFAFFBC09C3F997FB184C45" box="[1159,1203,1601,1627]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[259,1343,151,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[257,1345,145,1823]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Representative skulls, in dorsal view, and distribution of the subtribe Ariina.A, Arius maculatus, AUM 44875. B, Cephalocassis melanochir, CAS 49426. C, Cryptarius truncatus, AUM 50243. D, Hexanematichthys sagor, AUM 50242. E, Kyataphisa nenga, AUM 46280. F, Osteogeneiosus militaris, AUM 44880. G, Pseudosciades sona, AUM 44861. * marine, ** brackish water, *** freshwater." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240169/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">24B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFFAFFBC09F9F997FB724C45" box="[1213,1241,1601,1627]" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="30.[113,178,563,587]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,536]" captionTargetId="figure-712@30.[114,1458,144,536]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 28. Cephalocassis melanochir, USNM 230311, Indonesia and Malaysia, type species of the genus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240177/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">28</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFFAFFBC0E7DF954FB5D4C87" blockId="29.[825,1270,1665,1690]" box="[825,1270,1665,1690]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFFAFFBC0E7DF954FC1E4C87" box="[825,949,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
<typeStatus id="54E124C3FFFAFFBC0E7DF954FCC24C87" box="[825,873,1666,1689]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFFAFFBC0EFEF954FB5A4C87" authority="Bleeker, 1852" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[954,1265,1665,1690]" family="Ariidae" genus="Arius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="29" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochir">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFFAFFBC0EFEF954FBF44C84" box="[954,1119,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">Arius melanochir</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1852
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFFAFFBC090BF96CFB074CCD" blockId="29.[1103,1196,1722,1747]" box="[1103,1196,1722,1747]" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFFAFFBC090BF96CFB074CCD" box="[1103,1196,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFFAFFBF0E7DF936FD904F18" blockId="29.[825,1474,1760,1972]" lastBlockId="30.[113,763,635,1286]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="29" pageNumber="455">Posterior branches of mesethmoid narrow (6, 0&gt; 1); posterior branches of mesethmoid parallel throughout their entire extension (7, 0&gt; 1); anterior portion of anterior cranial fontanel not delimitedbydorsalexpansionoforbitosphenoid (24, 1&gt; 0); fenestra delimited by parieto-supraoccipital, pterotic and sphenotic present (34, 0&gt; 1); parieto-supraoccipital process base almost as narrow as posterior portion (46, 1&gt; 0); vomer anterior margin very pronounced and acute (50, 0&gt; 1); tooth plates associated with vomer absent (55, 1&gt; 0); lateral expansions of orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid absent (64, 1&gt; 0); optic foramen very reduced (67, 1&gt; 2); basioccipital lateral process absent (82, 1&gt; 0); space between transcapular process and otic capsule very small (89, 1&gt; 2); teeth on dentary restricted to mesial two-thirds (116, 1&gt; 0); premaxilla narrow and very long, its length two to three times in width (120, 1&gt; 2); interopercle anterior portion conspicuously narrow (133, 0&gt; 1); metapterygoid one and one-half times longer than deep in perpendicular section (135, 1&gt; 2); ventral crest of hyomandibula absent (142, 0&gt; 1); second external branchiostegal ray almost as wide as first ray (148, 0&gt; 1); second basibranchial spindle shaped (166, 1&gt; 0); first hypobranchial very elongate transversely, with well-developed and acute mesial face (172, 0&gt; 1); anterior process of first hypobranchial very conspicuous (173, 0&gt; 1); second hypobranchial very elongate transversely, its mesial face acute (176, 0&gt; 1); posterior margin of fourth epibranchial slightly convex, one-fourth as wide as long (187, 0&gt; 1); accessory crest connecting transverse and median crests associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra present (204, 0&gt; 1).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF25CAE9FFF9FFBF0D35FDE5FB964852" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240177" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240177" box="[113,1085,563,588]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240177/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" startId="30.[113,178,563,587]" targetBox="[114,1458,144,536]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0D35FDE5FB964852" blockId="30.[113,1085,563,588]" box="[113,1085,563,588]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D35FDE5FF7D4855" bold="true" box="[113,214,563,587]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Figure 28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0D9EFDE2FDA54852" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[218,526,564,588]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochir">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D9EFDE2FE144852" box="[218,447,564,588]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Cephalocassis melanochir</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
230311, Indonesia and Malaysia, type species of the genus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0D35FAF1FEED4F41" blockId="30.[113,762,1319,1375]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D35FAF1FEC44F21" box="[113,367,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Ambiguous optimization:</emphasis>
Posterior cranial fontanel very wide and long (27, 2&gt; 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0C29FAA8FE554F86" blockId="30.[365,510,1406,1432]" box="[365,510,1406,1432]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0C29FAA8FE554F86" box="[365,510,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Included species</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0D35FA73FE554FA3" blockId="30.[113,510,1445,1469]" box="[113,510,1445,1469]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0D35FA73FE524FA3" authority="Bleeker, 1852" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[113,505,1445,1469]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochir">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D35FA73FECC4FA3" box="[113,359,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Cephalocassis melanochir</emphasis>
Bleeker, 1852
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0D35FA08FD494FE8" blockId="30.[113,738,1502,1526]" box="[113,738,1502,1526]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D35FA08FECD4FE8" box="[113,358,1502,1526]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
Freshwater, Southeast Asia (
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFF9FFBF0FC8FA08FD7A4FE8" box="[652,721,1502,1526]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="27.[129,194,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[259,1343,151,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-8@27.[257,1345,145,1823]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 24. Representative skulls, in dorsal view, and distribution of the subtribe Ariina.A, Arius maculatus, AUM 44875. B, Cephalocassis melanochir, CAS 49426. C, Cryptarius truncatus, AUM 50243. D, Hexanematichthys sagor, AUM 50242. E, Kyataphisa nenga, AUM 46280. F, Osteogeneiosus militaris, AUM 44880. G, Pseudosciades sona, AUM 44861. * marine, ** brackish water, *** freshwater." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240169/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0CC8F9C0FE4B4C2E" blockId="30.[113,762,1558,1996]" box="[396,480,1558,1584]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0CC8F9C0FE4B4C2E" box="[396,480,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF9FFBF0D35F9EAFDBD4DD2" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF9FFBF0D35F9EAFDBD4DD2" blockId="30.[113,762,1558,1996]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0D35F9EAFEA24C4A" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1857" box="[113,265,1596,1620]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D35F9EAFEA24C4A" box="[113,265,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Hemipimelodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been treated as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0D35F98DFF5C4C6D" ID-CoL="3KDY" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[113,247,1627,1651]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0D35F98DFF5C4C6D" box="[113,247,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Cephalocassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in recent morphological studies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFF9FFBF0F19F98DFEA34C8D" author="Marceniuk AP &amp; Menezes NA" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref30826" refString="Marceniuk AP, Menezes NA. Systematics of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes), with a redefinition of the genera. Zootaxa 2007; 1416: 1 - 126." type="journal article" year="2007">Marceniuk and Menezes 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCBE790FFF9FFBF0C52F9ADFE524C8D" author="Marceniuk AP &amp; Menezes NA &amp; Britto MR" box="[278,505,1659,1683]" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" pagination="534 - 669" refId="ref30859" refString="Marceniuk AP, Menezes NA, Britto MR. Phylogenetic analysis of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes), with a hypothesis on the monophyly and relationships of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012; 165: 534 - 669. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2012.00822. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
Marceniuk
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0CC8F9AAFE154C8D" box="[396,446,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
), a condition supported by an extensive list of shared synapomorphies (2, 15, 50, 85, 116, 120, 135, 142, 166, 204, 148, 200, and 222) including an autapomorphy (presence of a fenestra delimited by the supraoccipital, pterotic, and sphenotic). The total-evidence analysis, however, corroborates results of a previous molecular analysis (Betancur-R. 2009), which supports the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0DCAF880FEBF4D70" ID-CoL="3KDY" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[142,276,1878,1902]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0DCAF880FEBF4D70" box="[142,276,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Cephalocassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0C0FF880FE484D70" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1857" box="[331,483,1878,1902]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ariidae" genus="Hemipimelodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0C0FF880FE484D70" box="[331,483,1878,1902]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Hemipimelodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid genera, indicating a strong morphological convergence of lineages restricted to freshwater. The inclusion of
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0CD6F843FDB34DB3" ID-CoL="3KDY" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1852" box="[402,536,1941,1965]" family="Ariidae" genus="Cephalocassis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF9FFBF0CD6F843FDB34DB3" box="[402,536,1941,1965]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="456">Cephalocassis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the subtribe
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF9FFBF0FFEF843FD514DB3" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1858" box="[698,762,1941,1965]" family="Ariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Ariina">Ariina</taxonomicName>
is supported by the MP and ML analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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