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<document id="5E11C60622379384AE227470E898AFA5" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240120" ID-ZooBank="5D6C7EBF-E568-4100-9364-2DD357003878" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1716361325736" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires, Oliveira, Claudio &amp; Ferraris Jr, Carl J." docDate="2024" docId="03F32B77FFF3FFB50C49FC52FBFF4C4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad078.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Sciades Muller &amp; Troschel 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="446" masterDocId="FFCA530FFFE7FFA10D44FFD6FFAB4A1E" masterDocTitle="A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="476" masterPageNumber="426" pageNumber="446" updateTime="1716560620312" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:title id="FCD80C70C91159FF228250868FDFC8E5">A new classification of the family Ariidae (Osteichthyes: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) based on combined analyses of morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="06BB565768D6752997B755313A755592">Marceniuk, Alexandre Pires</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="94EF6115FDCDD8F5C43F9B4D3A98ADE7">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, conjunto Presidente Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58050 - 000, Brazil &amp; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429 - 500, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="ECB8B0888626AD43985DCD1C9F9B9631" type="email">a_marceniuk@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D31DCAE98B4C5C3E6B60864B09C9DB92">Oliveira, Claudio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7129EBBFEF45BFCB384731A4AF7ED9F4">Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP 18618 - 970, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="89273DCCD8AD019EE46FE5574AAE5514">Ferraris Jr, Carl J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1A871627C4C8248AE5F6A37EC998A109">545 NE Floral Pl., Portland, OR 97232, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7DF5A939C33880AE361391F32C184DD2">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6907E9205F40F5DF16942FF99E74E266">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="25023BAC754A42951035FC6DE377950F">200</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F32B77FFF3FFB50C49FC52FBFF4C4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F32B77FFF3FFB50C49FC52FBFF4C4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F32B77FFF3FFB50C49FC52FBFF4C4E" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50C49FC52FDF54981" box="[269,606,900,927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50C49FC52FDF54981" blockId="20.[269,606,900,927]" box="[269,606,900,927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<heading id="D0AD2D0DFFF3FFB50C49FC52FDF54981" bold="true" box="[269,606,900,927]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50C49FC52FDF54981" ID-CoL="63RGQ" ID-ENA="390430" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1849" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1849" box="[269,606,900,927]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C49FC52FDF54981" bold="true" box="[269,606,900,927]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C49FC52FEFC4981" bold="true" box="[269,343,900,927]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades</emphasis>
Müller &amp; Troschel, 1849
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50C05FC62FDB649E3" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50C05FC62FD8149D0" blockId="20.[321,554,948,974]" box="[321,554,948,974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<heading id="D0AD2D0DFFF3FFB50C05FC62FD8149D0" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[321,554,948,974]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C05FC62FD8149D0" bold="true" box="[321,554,948,974]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">MP 100, BI 1, ML 100</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50C0BFC35FDB649E3" blockId="20.[335,541,995,1022]" box="[335,541,995,1022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C0BFC35FDB649E3" bold="true" box="[335,541,995,1022]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
(
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFF3FFB50C1EFC35FE1849E3" box="[346,435,995,1021]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="3.[129,194,1805,1829]" captionStartId-1="3.[825,890,1803,1827]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,178,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,776,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-1="[843,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,708,146,1775]" captionTargetId-0="figure-8@3.[152,744,149,1755]" captionTargetId-1="figure-61@3.[851,1439,143,1771]" captionTargetId-2="figure-643@4.[149,717,144,1776]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Figure 1. MP analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-1="Figure 2. ML analysis. Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green). Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." captionText-2="Figure 3. BI analysis.Subfamilies (SF) Galeichthyinae (pink), Bagreinae (bright blue), and Ariinae (dark blue). Tribe (T) Ariini (blue), Cathopsini (orange), Genidentini tribe nov. (brown), and Sciadeini tribe nov. (light green).Subtribe (ST) Ariina (light blue) and Doiichthyina (green). Incertae sedis taxa (IS) (red). Numbers over branches correspond to the bootstrap support." figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240122" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240126" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11240122/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11240126/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFF3FFB50CFAFC35FE4749E3" box="[446,492,995,1021]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="18.[116,181,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,143,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-107@18.[116,1460,143,1592]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 16. Representative skulls, in dorsal view, and distribution of Sciadeini tribe nov. A, Ariopsis felis, http://catfishbone.acnatsci.org. B, Potamarius izabalensis, UMMZ 177252. C, Sciades parkeri, MPEG APM 147. * marine, ** brackish waters, *** freshwater." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240153/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">16C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFF3FFB50CB2FC35FDB949E3" box="[502,530,995,1021]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="20.[113,178,588,612]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,144,561]" captionTargetId="figure-550@20.[114,1458,144,561]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 19. Sciades parkeri (Traill, 1832), ZMB 2990 [senior synonym of Bagrus (Sciades) emphysetus], coastal rivers from Guyana to northern Brazil, type species of the genus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240159/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">19</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50D35FBF3FF074E45" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50D35FBF3FF074E45" blockId="20.[113,762,1060,1115]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50D35FBF3FF584E22" box="[113,243,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<typeStatus id="54E124C3FFF3FFB50D35FBF3FF0A4E22" box="[113,161,1061,1084]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50DBAFBF3FF0C4E45" authority="Muller &amp; Troschel, 1849" authorityName="Muller &amp; Troschel" authorityYear="1849" family="Bagridae" genus="Bagrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emphysetus" subGenus="Sciades">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50DBAFBF3FD894E22" box="[254,546,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Bagrus (Sciades) emphysetus</emphasis>
Müller &amp; Troschel, 1849
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50CC3FBAAFAEF4E41" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50CC3FBAAFE4F4E8B" blockId="20.[113,763,1148,1617]" box="[391,484,1148,1173]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50CC3FBAAFE4F4E8B" box="[391,484,1148,1173]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50D35FB77FE294C4F" blockId="20.[113,763,1148,1617]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
Lateral horn of lateral ethmoid acute (11, 1&gt; 0), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50D35FB17FEA94EC6" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[113,258,1217,1241]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50D35FB17FEA94EC6" box="[113,258,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50C72FB17FE4C4EC7" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[310,487,1217,1241]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C72FB17FE4C4EC7" box="[310,487,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; fenestra delimited by lateral ethmoid and frontal very small or indistinct (17, 1&gt; 0); orbitosphenoid and pterosphenoid lateral expansions very narrow and long (65, 0&gt; 1), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50F72FAC9FD624F28" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[566,713,1311,1335]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50F72FAC9FD624F28" box="[566,713,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50D35FAE8FE824F48" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[113,297,1342,1366]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50D35FAE8FE824F48" box="[113,297,1342,1366]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; parasphenoid very wide in ventral view (66, 0&gt; 1); otic capsule of moderate size, limited by prootic, pterotic, and exoccipital (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C38FAAAFE434F8A" bold="true" box="[380,488,1404,1429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">70, 2&gt; 1)</emphasis>
, reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50F2FFAAAFD514F8A" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[619,762,1404,1428]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50F2FFAAAFD514F8A" box="[619,762,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50DDBFA4AFEE44FAA" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[159,335,1436,1460]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50DDBFA4AFEE44FAA" box="[159,335,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; space between transcapular process and otic capsule very large (89, 1&gt; 0), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50F2DFA6DFD514FCD" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[617,762,1467,1491]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50F2DFA6DFD514FCD" box="[617,762,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50DDAFA0CFEE54FEC" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[158,334,1498,1522]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50DDAFA0CFEE54FEC" box="[158,334,1498,1522]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; one-half or less of interopercle posterior part contacting ventral margin of opercle (131, 1&gt; 0), reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50DC9F9CFFEB74C2F" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[141,284,1561,1585]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50DC9F9CFFEB74C2F" box="[141,284,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50C15F9CFFDAA4C2F" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[337,513,1561,1585]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50C15F9CFFDAA4C2F" box="[337,513,1561,1585]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Müllerian ramus distal third straight (208, 1&gt; 0).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFD66FAEF4E41" blockId="20.[810,1459,688,1120]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFD66FB8D48D6" box="[810,1062,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Ambiguous optimization:</emphasis>
Mesethmoid median portion moderately wide (2, 1&gt; 2); autopalatine posterior portion conspicuously compressed (106, 0&gt; 1); articulation of autopalatine with lateral ethmoid mesoposteriorly oriented (110, 0&gt; 1); lateral margin of premaxilla with a very conspicuous concavity (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB508C7FCF8FCC6497B" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">123, 1&gt; 2)</emphasis>
; sesamoid bone I very long and subrectangular
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB5083CFC9BFCC6499A" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">(145, 2&gt; 3)</emphasis>
; sesamoid bone II irregularly elongate (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50842FCBAFAD5499A" bold="true" box="[1286,1406,876,901]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">146, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; first external branchiostegal ray proximally narrow and distally broad (147, 1&gt; 0); reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50972FC7DFB6E49DD" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1078,1221,939,963]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50972FC7DFB6E49DD" box="[1078,1221,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB509B8FC7DFA0749DD" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[1276,1452,939,963]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB509B8FC7DFA0749DD" box="[1276,1452,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; complex formed by anterior and median nuchal plates shield-like (218, 0&gt; 1); reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50970FC3CFB694E1F" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1076,1218,1002,1026]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50970FC3CFB694E1F" box="[1076,1218,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50994FC3CFA2B4E1C" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[1232,1408,1002,1026]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50994FC3CFA2B4E1C" box="[1232,1408,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFBDFFC6C4E3F" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[810,967,1033,1057]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="passany">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFBDFFC6C4E3F" box="[810,967,1033,1057]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades passany</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; nuchal plate overlaying parieto-supraoccipital (220, 1&gt; 2); groove connecting posterior nostrils present (
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB508C7FBFEFCC64E41" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">233, 0&gt; 1)</emphasis>
; reversed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50EAAFB9EFB2B4E7E" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1006,1152,1096,1120]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50EAAFB9EFB2B4E7E" box="[1006,1152,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB509F5FB9EFA954E41" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1201,1342,1096,1120]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proops">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB509F5FB9EFA954E41" box="[1201,1342,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades proops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50962FBA9FB364F45" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50962FBA9FB1C4E87" blockId="20.[1062,1207,1151,1177]" box="[1062,1207,1151,1177]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50962FBA9FB1C4E87" box="[1062,1207,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Included species</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFB70FB3C4EA0" blockId="20.[810,1187,1190,1371]" box="[810,1175,1190,1214]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFB70FB3C4EA0" authority="(Valenciennes, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[810,1175,1190,1214]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="couma">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFB70FC1D4EA0" box="[810,950,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades couma</emphasis>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFB13FB874EC3" blockId="20.[810,1187,1190,1371]" box="[810,1068,1221,1245]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFB13FB874EC3" authority="(Gill, 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Gill" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[810,1068,1221,1245]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dowii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFB13FC074EC3" box="[810,940,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades dowii</emphasis>
(Gill, 1863)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFB33FBC64EE3" blockId="20.[810,1187,1190,1371]" box="[810,1133,1253,1277]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFB33FBC64EE3" authority="(Bloch, 1794)" baseAuthorityName="Bloch" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[810,1133,1253,1277]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herzbergii">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFB33FC7C4EE3" box="[810,983,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades herzbergii</emphasis>
(Bloch, 1794)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFAD2FB084F02" blockId="20.[810,1187,1190,1371]" box="[810,1187,1284,1308]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFAD2FB084F02" authority="(Valenciennes, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[810,1187,1284,1308]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="passany">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFAD2FC694F02" box="[810,962,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades passany</emphasis>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFAF5FBE54F25" blockId="20.[810,1187,1190,1371]" box="[810,1102,1315,1339]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFAF5FBE54F25" authority="(Traill, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Traill" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[810,1102,1315,1339]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFAF5FC174F25" box="[810,956,1315,1339]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades parkeri</emphasis>
(Traill, 1832)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFA94FB364F45" blockId="20.[810,1187,1190,1371]" box="[810,1181,1346,1371]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50E6EFA94FB314F45" authority="(Valenciennes, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[810,1178,1346,1371]" family="Ariidae" genus="Sciades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proops">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFA94FC1D4F44" box="[810,950,1346,1370]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Sciades proops</emphasis>
(Valenciennes, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50E6EFAAAFC214FEC" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EFAAAFC214FEC" blockId="20.[810,1459,1404,1522]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50E6EFAAAFB824F8A" box="[810,1065,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Habitat and distribution:</emphasis>
Brackish and marine waters, eastern South America, from
<collectingCountry id="F34DDAF1FFF3FFB5095FFA4DFB294FAD" box="[1051,1154,1435,1459]" name="Colombia" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Colombia</collectingCountry>
to east coast of
<collectingCountry id="F34DDAF1FFF3FFB50801FA4DFA2B4FAD" box="[1349,1408,1435,1459]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and western South and Central America from
<collectingCountry id="F34DDAF1FFF3FFB509A2FA6DFA9C4FCC" box="[1254,1335,1467,1490]" name="Panama" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Panama</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F34DDAF1FFF3FFB50819FA6CFA184FCC" box="[1373,1459,1466,1490]" name="Ecuador" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="136186E4FFF3FFB50E71FA0CFCD14FEC" box="[821,890,1498,1522]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="18.[116,181,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[116,1460,143,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-107@18.[116,1460,143,1592]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 16. Representative skulls, in dorsal view, and distribution of Sciadeini tribe nov. A, Ariopsis felis, http://catfishbone.acnatsci.org. B, Potamarius izabalensis, UMMZ 177252. C, Sciades parkeri, MPEG APM 147. * marine, ** brackish waters, *** freshwater." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240153/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C340C9EAFFF3FFB50900F9C7FBFF4C4E" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50900F9C7FB334C35" blockId="20.[1092,1176,1553,1579]" box="[1092,1176,1553,1579]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="B92E4673FFF3FFB50900F9C7FB334C35" box="[1092,1176,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE59A61FFF3FFB50E6EF9EEFBFF4C4E" blockId="20.[810,1108,1592,1616]" box="[810,1108,1592,1616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446">
See Tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C5AE1E2FFF3FFB50ED4F9EEFC464C4E" authorityName="Marceniuk &amp; Oliveira &amp; Ferraris Jr" authorityYear="2024" box="[912,1005,1592,1616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="446" rank="tribe" tribe="Sciadeini">Sciadeini</taxonomicName>
Remarks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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