163 lines
19 KiB
XML
163 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="11DE2DC28FCD025D5A249C9CCB07B66D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FDFAF862" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides (Drymodesmyia) byersi Atchley" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="07C74EDD91B4F3EFDCFF7148ED4FC024" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B5DE8F457CE2D36C38E912DE681A6F09">
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<mods:title id="B379FBE25B209747908A6C1E19A4FE54">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4634E66F6211A4D5AD91273A352BC9D0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B09A1D60286B7E59F34FDFBEA4F02699">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E627C9FCBC2589C246BCC34ABC33E30D">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C662701A32661E1CF18A30E06835844">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7B4DADFF25D40D49DC491569DAC555C1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C40BF68DA55ABE7E13CF951FF2E17FA6">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4727288E65158B034B02D7C9831A8255">
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<mods:date id="2BD34DCF04B31DE44A66996E9B7D09D4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="73B4A784AE6E606CAE523C3066C06759">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DFE12A54FF8B390C3541D949A96EB3A0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="76C6834F8BF9D9EFBE2BFFF454F7C458">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8937AF174828B1F3E652C24EE3912CA6" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="463778D2EBA825DF7E2BE97D6A73E891">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D03086E0068775976B87E116F9A8158F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="37466A55157D2D3DC3C30FFD2EB9EB74" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5ED1A525F8BDCE862FEA4C0B0AD8F25F" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E0133792C80C17C2F028285ABDC67A47" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A2E870218CB3875267E2CF57A818822F" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FDFAF862" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391764" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FDFAF862" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FDFAF862" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFE2EF426A8AFBB9FE08FB5E" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FD10FB73" blockId="62.[192,732,1146,1210]" box="[192,732,1146,1175]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FD10FB73" box="[192,732,1146,1175]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FD10FB73" ID-CoL="8BNXB" authority="Atchley" authorityName="Atchley" box="[192,732,1146,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi" subGenus="Drymodesmyia">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FD10FB73" bold="true" box="[192,732,1146,1175]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426A8AFBB9FE88FB73" bold="true" box="[192,324,1146,1175]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Culicoides</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426B1EFBB9FDDAFB73" bold="true" box="[340,534,1146,1175]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Drymodesmyia</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426862FBB9FDBFFB73" bold="true" box="[552,627,1146,1175]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">byersi</emphasis>
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Atchley
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFE2EF426A8AFB5CFE08FB5E" blockId="62.[192,732,1146,1210]" box="[192,452,1183,1210]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">(Fig. 114, 168, 214, 250)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFE2EF426AAAFB0AFE7FFAC4" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFE2EF426AAAFB0AFE7FFAC4" blockId="62.[224,1440,1224,1312]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFE2EF426AAAFB0AFE7FFAC4" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFE2EF426AAAFB0AFCC0FB05" author="Atchley WR" box="[224,780,1224,1249]" page="983" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" year="1967">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFE2EF426AAAFB0AFCC0FB05" ID-CoL="8BNXB" authority="Atchley, 1967: 983" authorityName="Atchley" authorityPageNumber="983" authorityYear="1967" box="[224,780,1224,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi" subGenus="Drymodesmyia">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426AAAFB0AFE85FB05" box="[224,329,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Culicoides</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426B10FB0AFE39FB05" box="[346,501,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Drymodesmyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF42684DFB0AFD8FFB05" box="[519,579,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">byersi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFE2EF426806FB0AFCC0FB05" author="Atchley WR" box="[588,780,1224,1249]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" pagination="937 - 1020" refId="ref126851" refString="Atchley WR. 1967. The Culicoides of New Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 937 - 1020." type="journal article" year="1967">Atchley, 1967: 983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(key; numerical characters; female; male genitalia; fig. female wing, palpus, spermathecae, male genitalia, parameres;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF42690FFB2AFC07FAE4" box="[837,971,1256,1280]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFE2EF426996FB2BFB7CFAE4" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[988,1200,1256,1280]" page="14" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFE2EF426996FB2BFB7CFAE4" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[988,1200,1256,1280]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 14</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFE2EF426A8AFAF3FE2FF984" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFE2EF426A8AFAF3FE2FF984" blockId="62.[192,1443,1328,1632]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426A8AFAF3FEF1FAAE" bold="true" box="[192,317,1328,1354]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFE2EF426B01FAF3FE7BFAAF" box="[331,439,1328,1355]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFE2EF426B88FAF3FE11FAAF" box="[450,477,1328,1355]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="62" pageNumber="61">15</tableCitation>
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) Brown; wing pattern moderately faint; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF4269E4FAFCFC7AFAA9" attach="left" box="[942,950,1343,1357]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">2</subScript>
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dark; pale spot at end of costa oval and not extending back beneath r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426BA8FAA1FE26FA94" attach="left" box="[482,490,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">2</subScript>
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; distal pale spots present in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426971FAA1FC8FFA94" attach="left" box="[827,835,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">3</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426922FAA1FCBCFA94" attach="right" box="[872,880,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">1</subScript>
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, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF4269DFFAA1FC51FA94" attach="left" box="[917,925,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">2</subScript>
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, cua
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF42699EFAA1FC10FA94" attach="left" box="[980,988,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">1</subScript>
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and anal cell; in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426EE7FAA1FB79FA94" attach="left" box="[1197,1205,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">3</subScript>
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and m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426F4CFAA1FAC2FA94" attach="left" box="[1286,1294,1378,1392]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">1</subScript>
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, not close to wing margin; in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426BC7FA46FE59FA77" attach="left" box="[397,405,1413,1427]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">3</subScript>
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, elongate and aimed diagonally toward costa, but often faint; mandible with 9–11 minute teeth; pore of sensory pit on palpal segment 3 <0.3 the diameter of segment, widening internally (as in Fig. 249
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFE2EF426AA5FA7FFEA2FA31" authorityName=": Khalaf" authorityYear="1954" box="[239,366,1467,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hinmani">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426AA5FA7FFECDFA32" box="[239,257,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426B45FA78FEA2FA31" box="[271,366,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">hinmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); pale banding absent subapically from mid femora, basally and subapically from hind femora, subapically from hind tibiae; ventro-posterior membrane of male sternite 9 not spiculate; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite simple, up to 2× longer and only a little more slender than dorsal apodeme; aedeagus simple, nearly V-shaped, median process evenly tapering to broad truncate tip, aedeagal ratio ~0.3; parameres separate, apices simple contorted pointed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFE2EF426A8AF9B2FDFAF862" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFE2EF426A8AF9B2FBBCF934" blockId="62.[192,1440,1649,1745]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426A8AF9B2FE90F96F" bold="true" box="[192,348,1649,1675]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF426B2BF9B2FE14F96F" box="[353,472,1649,1675]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF426BABF9B2FDD6F96F" box="[481,538,1649,1675]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Utah</collectingRegion>
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(Grand County),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF4268ABF9B2FC81F96F" box="[737,845,1649,1675]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF42691CF9B2FC79F96F" box="[854,949,1649,1675]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Arizona</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF4269F5F9B1FB83F96F" box="[959,1103,1649,1676]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFE2EF426E1CF9B2FADDF96F" box="[1110,1297,1649,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426E1CF9B2FADDF96F" box="[1110,1297,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Culicoides byersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the southwestern treehole-inhabiting counterpart to the morphologically similar and more northern and eastern
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFE2EF426FCDF957FE2EF934" authorityName=": Khalaf" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hinmani" subGenus="Drymodesmyia">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426FCDF957FA55F94A" box="[1415,1433,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
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. (
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426A83F975FEBFF934" box="[201,371,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Drymodesmyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426BC9F975FE2EF934" box="[387,482,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">hinmani</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which known ranges overlap in only
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF4269C5F975FC04F934" box="[911,968,1718,1744]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Utah</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF426E4AF975FBA1F934" box="[1024,1133,1718,1744]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFE2EF426A8AF922FDFAF862" blockId="62.[192,1441,1761,1926]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426A8AF922FD94F91F" bold="true" box="[192,600,1761,1787]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Larval ecology and adult behavior.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFE2EF426814F922FCD5F91F" box="[606,793,1761,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFE2EF426814F922FCD5F91F" box="[606,793,1761,1787]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Culicoides byersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been reared from a cottonwood treehole in
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFE2EF426F7CF922FA6CF91F" box="[1334,1440,1761,1787]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFE2EF426A82F8C7FE59F8FA" author="Pappas LG & Moyer S & Pappas CD" box="[200,405,1796,1822]" pageId="62" pageNumber="61" pagination="624 - 627" refId="ref137989" refString="Pappas LG, Moyer S, Pappas CD. 1991. Tree hole Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the Central Plains in the United States. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 7: 624 - 627." type="journal article" year="1991">Pappas et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), and the mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood. Furthermore, the combination of its unusually minute teeth and treehole larval habitat with its frequent collection in low-level CO
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFE2EF426B83F89BFE1DF882" attach="right" box="[457,465,1880,1894]" fontSize="6" pageId="62" pageNumber="61">2</subScript>
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-baited traps (
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFE2EF42683BF88AFD0BF887" box="[625,711,1865,1891]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="138.[192,255,212,238]" captionText="Table 4. Light-trap responses (LTRs). Unmarked data indicate the proportion of each species collected with light traps in Grand County, where both light-baited and CO2-baited traps were used during 1999–2016, adjusted as LTRs to show the fraction that would have been collected with light traps if equal numbers of the traps had been used. Data with an asterisk (*) are for species or sexes collected in other areas where only UVLTs were used and are only to show that UVLTs can be used for their collection. Data with a dagger (†) are for species D, which was collected under both circumstances, and for C. mortivallis and C. owyheensis, which were randomly selected for identification, are simple unadjusted fractional LTR calculations." pageId="62" pageNumber="61">Table 4</tableCitation>
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) suggests a small mammal, ground-dwelling bird, or generalist small-animal feeding preference.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |