128 lines
13 KiB
XML
128 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="53ECA0ADE288F2EB51D03C79EC8783AE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FDE7FA67" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides (Silvicola)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="E318CBF795787C7E0A1B954495781EC2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D44C648A34F313914D6CED9A450CF0C1">
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<mods:title id="35D645A024BCF01CDE719D01FD45D2D9">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F545185F374B13A80494723EE9BA1C1B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="B21CD6A87CE5598557436C1A83A4696A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A3390ABC792379479011614581AFA7F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E1E6EF94DEAD33E8A4E9DEC69E88775D">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BE377095949C73FADA439CDED55CF8B">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="53D3041F1E7ACEBF62B2EEC9678E563A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BCE6D2112669E9AC56E65B35EA211CB4">
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<mods:title id="4132867B4C839A0BF9A1B6F5845C6FC9">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="53735471502046CA5A15EDAE81A400DB">
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<mods:date id="F07D2ADAEEA07776019933A1AB27B080">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="F42720070F5AB87906D8EA4C5099F90E" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="DE1F03E4D0823B33267CDCE95D106417">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E2392632A6426F9412F5771219D8B097" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9C09FA3D1E8F2B78CD455EB988DE16B3">2022</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="33BF1B14DC8F8F2572DF07F004B92502" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C090F43126A199978F156E3BE0686AB4">907</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="3B25FC10F25E4A85A8A01C6615548122" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="60DBFF3AB21E43427631111BAA2F0E7E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7ECB739E47D712F4DF29DBAD61B80AD1">214</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="39EC2D616965BDB8AFDD81DC6C7DE769">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0FC1176F729499A7B3015C7E4D2A3860" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7959C36D19734FEDB4241E50DB0126F1" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="50AFBDEBB9CCAB45C95BA56B526F42B8" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="569B94E6F4CFE0A2247B0D0FAFFD3F11" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FDE7FA67" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FDE7FA67" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FDE7FA67" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FEE6FCD2" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FD8DFCF6" blockId="98.[192,577,758,822]" box="[192,577,758,787]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FD8DFCF6" box="[192,577,758,787]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FD8DFCF6" bold="true" box="[192,577,758,787]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FE05FCF7" authority="" box="[192,457,758,787]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Silvicola">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6A8AFD35FE88FCF7" bold="true" box="[192,324,758,787]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Culicoides</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6B1EFD35FE73FCF7" bold="true" box="[340,447,758,787]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Silvicola</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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species E
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFCD8FEE6FCD2" blockId="98.[192,577,758,822]" box="[192,298,795,822]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">(Fig. 186)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBEEF1E6A8AFC86FC5FFC0F" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFC86FC5FFC0F" blockId="98.[192,1440,837,1003]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6A8AFC86FEF1FCBB" bold="true" box="[192,317,837,863]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFBEEF1E6B01FC85FE7BFC84" box="[331,439,838,864]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFBEEF1E6B8BFC86FE10FC84" box="[449,476,837,864]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="98" pageNumber="97">15</tableCitation>
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) Wing pattern extensive, with distal stripes and pale spots; pale spot over at least distal half of r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBEEF1E6B0AFCB4FE84FC61" attach="left" box="[320,328,887,901]" fontSize="6" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
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; cua
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBEEF1E6B34FCB4FE4AFC61" attach="left" box="[382,390,887,901]" fontSize="6" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
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without central dark spot; eyes contiguous for 1 ommatidium diameter; superior transverse suture present; palpal segment 3 with distinct wide shallow sensory pit, scattered sensilla lacking; scutum without evident pattern; scutellum with 14 setae; tibiae without pale bands; fore and hind tarsomeres with apical spines; three developed spermathecae, unequal; male unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBEEF1E6A8AFC38FD00FB62" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFC38FC25FBDC" blockId="98.[192,1440,1019,1081]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6A8AFC38FE90FBF1" bold="true" box="[192,348,1019,1045]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Distribution.</emphasis>
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A single female was collected with a CO
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBEEF1E6976FBC9FC88FBFC" attach="left" box="[828,836,1034,1048]" fontSize="6" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
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-baited trap on
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<date id="14468985FFBEEF1E69B6FC3FFB57FBF2" box="[1020,1179,1020,1046]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" value="2003-04-22">
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22 April
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFBEEF1E6E2FFC3FFB57FBF2" box="[1125,1179,1020,1046]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.087619999999999" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" unit="in" value="2003.0">2003</quantity>
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</date>
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in northwest Moab at
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<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFBEEF1E6A8AFBDDFE88FBDD" box="[192,324,1054,1081]" degrees="38.58296" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" precision="1" value="38.58296">38.58296°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="05CCC982FFBEEF1E6B00FBDDFE2CFBDD" box="[330,480,1054,1081]" degrees="109.56663" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" precision="1" value="-109.56663">109.56663°W</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<quantity id="A70002A0FFBEEF1E6852FBDCFDA4FBDD" box="[536,616,1055,1081]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.214" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="1214.0">1214 m</quantity>
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elevation in Grand County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBEEF1E69E3FBDDFC29FBDC" box="[937,997,1054,1080]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Utah</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFB8AFD00FB62" blockId="98.[192,1440,1097,1159]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6A8AFB8AFEB4FB87" bold="true" box="[192,376,1097,1123]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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The mandibular and lacinial teeth and collection in a CO
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBEEF1E6E4FFB9BFBC1FB82" attach="right" box="[1029,1037,1112,1126]" fontSize="6" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
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-baited trap indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood; however, its hosts are unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBEEF1E6A8AFB54FDE7FA67" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFB54FCC7FAD8" blockId="98.[192,1440,1175,1341]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6A8AFB54FEFCFB55" bold="true" box="[192,304,1175,1201]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Were it not for the apical fore and hind tarsal spines, which are not present on any
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBEEF1E6E85FB54FA9FFB55" authorityName=": Mirzaeva and Isaev" authorityYear="1990" box="[1231,1363,1175,1201]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lahontan">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6E85FB54FB2DFB55" box="[1231,1249,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6EA4FB54FA9FFB55" box="[1262,1363,1175,1201]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">lahontan</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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examined (including another specimen with three developed spermathecae), the specimen would be identified as an aberrant
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBEEF1E6B6DFB1EFE67FB12" authorityName=": Mirzaeva and Isaev" authorityYear="1990" box="[295,427,1244,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lahontan">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6B6DFB1EFEF5FB13" box="[295,313,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6B0CFB1FFE67FB12" box="[326,427,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">lahontan</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This suggests it may be another species not matching others in North America; however, the third spermatheca suggests the possibility that the tarsomere spines are also abnormally developed and it is not a new species. See subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBEEF1E6860FAE1FD4BFAD8" box="[554,647,1314,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Silvicola">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6860FAE1FD4BFAD8" box="[554,647,1314,1340]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Silvicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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discussion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBEEF1E6A8AFAA5FDE7FA67" blockId="98.[192,555,1382,1411]" box="[192,555,1382,1411]" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBEEF1E6B71FAA5FDE7FA67" authority="Vargas" authorityName="Vargas" box="[315,555,1382,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Wirthomyia">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBEEF1E6B71FAA5FE1CFA67" box="[315,464,1382,1411]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="97">Wirthomyia</emphasis>
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Vargas
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |