168 lines
20 KiB
XML
168 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="FE61F79F52ECE0EA75FB5405FFBCD31E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5AFA43" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides hoguei Wirth and Moraes" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="101" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="101" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="B95398814143A5393FDB97176FFF7B8C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3D6C7576A68D619A45393DCBD1C4E152">
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<mods:title id="6D217947D8483D3ECED9C078451FC073">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4F3FE286AB003AABB7BACF26439F5E42" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="387327848FFB377504E59412229E43AB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EA8338D258700BFB622FAB8B89F3DD90">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="32B5727B6C9D82A17D98AB50445B3DAF">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C14CF8529398D49806C39ACC7A84B3BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2BFE072A6FC304AFD19C8D16447859AB">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="535F82A8C2C4BC706C04A9C6EC4A475F">
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<mods:date id="CC4406FA3319C143F1E1210A1697518D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E63C44C85F70CA7BB424E9B57CDB4805">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5E63F5AE1C3F4D4A76C403C08CA004C1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F5EFA61F939ADDFB94181A72651B4B54">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="544CE04054168C2233679E9AFA64E573" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A6F5A164C4F31954F488D00B4B347E9C">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E5C118278EA6AD4E79BC4D4A2A447A27">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="258052F68AD547CF1CE87A65F00F4A3F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="683F89E8406D5E90C27D39AA55393E31" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1CCF6B632C135F0CDCFC56841F10BAB3" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="640E6C48A932B03439F1CE645633068D" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5AFA43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391778" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5AFA43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5AFA43" lastPageNumber="101" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5FFCC4" box="[192,659,772,801]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5FFCC4" blockId="102.[192,659,772,801]" box="[192,659,772,801]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5FFCC4" box="[192,659,772,801]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5FFCC4" ID-CoL="32CNM" authority="Wirth and Moraes" authorityName="Wirth and Moraes" box="[192,659,772,801]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoguei">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FD5FFCC4" bold="true" box="[192,659,772,801]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6A8AFCC7FE53FCC5" bold="true" box="[192,415,772,801]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Culicoides hoguei</emphasis>
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Wirth and Moraes
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBAEF1A6AAAFCECFC59FC41" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6AAAFCECFA6DFC61" blockId="102.[224,1441,815,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFBAEF1A6AAAFCECFA6DFC61" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBAEF1A6AAAFCECFD05FCA3" author="Wirth WW & de Moraes APA" box="[224,713,815,839]" page="293" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" year="1979">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A6AAAFCECFD05FCA3" ID-CoL="32CNM" authority="Wirth and Moraes, 1979: 293" authorityName="Wirth and Moraes" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1979" box="[224,713,815,839]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoguei">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6AAAFCECFE5FFCA3" box="[224,403,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Culicoides hoguei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A6BD0FCECFD05FCA3" author="Wirth WW & de Moraes APA" box="[410,713,815,839]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="287 - 298" refId="ref143491" refString="Wirth WW, de Moraes APA. 1979. New records and new species of biting midges from salt marshes in California and Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 55: 287 - 298." type="journal article" year="1979">Wirth and Moraes, 1979: 293</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(female, male; fig. female antenna, palpus, wing, eye separation, spermathecae, male genitalia, parameres, leg;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A68E7FC8DFCD6FC82" box="[685,794,846,870]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">California</collectingRegion>
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||
).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBAEF1A6960FC8DFC37FC82" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[810,1019,846,870]" page="38" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A6960FC8DFC37FC82" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[810,1019,846,870]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 38</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBAEF1A6B4AFCAEFE1CFC61" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Spinelli GR" box="[256,464,877,902]" page="56" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A6B4AFCAEFE1CFC61" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Spinelli GR" box="[256,464,877,902]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref143226" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Spinelli GR. 1988. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Neotropical species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 25 (1): 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1988">Wirth et al. 1988: 56</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBAEF1A693FFCAEFB6EFC62" author="Borkent A & Spinelli GR" box="[885,1186,877,902]" page="40" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A693FFCAEFB6EFC62" author="Borkent A & Spinelli GR" box="[885,1186,877,902]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref127879" refString="Borkent A, Spinelli GR. 2000. Catalog of the New World biting midges south of the United States of America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 4: 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="2000">Borkent and Spinelli 2000: 40</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in Neotropical catalog).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6AAAFC4EFC59FC41" blockId="102.[224,1441,815,933]" box="[224,917,908,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFBAEF1A6AAAFC4EFC59FC41" box="[224,917,908,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A6AAAFC4EFE29FC41" ID-CoL="32CXL" authority="Wirth" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[224,485,909,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohave">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6AAAFC4EFE52FC41" box="[224,414,909,933]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Culicoides mohave</emphasis>
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Wirth
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</taxonomicName>
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, misidentified:
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFBAEF1A68C9FC4EFCFFFC41" author="Wirth WW" box="[643,819,908,933]" page="187" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A68C9FC4EFCFFFC41" author="Wirth WW" box="[643,819,908,933]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="95 - 266" refId="ref142682" refString="Wirth WW. 1952 a. The Heleidae of California. University of California Publications in Entomology 9: 95 - 266." type="journal article" year="1952">Wirth 1952a: 187</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(in part).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBAEF1A6A8AFC76FD80FB7A" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6A8AFC76FD80FB7A" blockId="102.[191,1440,949,1182]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6A8AFC76FEF1FC2B" bold="true" box="[192,317,949,975]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFBAEF1A6B00FC76FE7AFC2B" box="[330,438,949,975]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFBAEF1A6B8AFC76FE17FC34" box="[448,475,949,976]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="102" pageNumber="101">15</tableCitation>
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) Brown; wing similar to
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A68B9FC75FCA5FC2B" authorityName="Wirth" authorityYear="1952" box="[755,873,949,976]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mohave">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A68B9FC75FCC9FC34" box="[755,773,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6958FC76FCA5FC2B" box="[786,873,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">mohave</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 131, 207), pattern faint on distal half; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBAEF1A6F1DFC07FA93FC36" attach="left" box="[1367,1375,964,978]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">2</subScript>
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dark; distal pale spot in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBAEF1A6BD2FC25FE6CFC10" attach="left" box="[408,416,998,1012]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">3</subScript>
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distinct, centered at ~0.6 the distance from apex of costa to apex of M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFBAEF1A6EF0FC25FB0EFC10" attach="right" box="[1210,1218,998,1012]" fontSize="6" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">1</subScript>
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, not extending into distal 0.2 of cell; one pale spot in distal half of anal cell; two ovoid subequal spermathecae, with necks ~2× longer than wide; sclerotized ring on spermathecal duct; male tergite 9 apicolateral processes long: their length ~0.5 the distance between them; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite with two widely divergent processes, footlike; aedeagal arms simple V-shaped, median process tapering triangular to rounded tip; paramere with bulbous submedian lobe and subapical fringe of spines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBAEF1A6A8AFB6DFCC8FAD3" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6A8AFB6DFB8FFB2C" blockId="102.[192,1091,1198,1224]" box="[192,1091,1198,1224]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6A8AFB6DFE90FB2C" bold="true" box="[192,348,1198,1224]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Coastal Southern
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A6867FB6DFD68FB2C" box="[557,676,1198,1224]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A68E4FB6DFC97FB2C" box="[686,859,1198,1224]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A692CFB6DFB8CFB2C" box="[870,1088,1198,1224]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California Sur" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Baja California Sur</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6A8AFB1BFCC8FAD3" blockId="102.[192,1440,1240,1336]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6A8AFB1BFEB5FB16" bold="true" box="[192,377,1240,1266]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A6BCBFB1BFD2DFB17" author="Ryckman RE & Ryckman AE" box="[385,737,1240,1267]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref139513" refString="Ryckman RE, Ryckman AE. 1963. Loma Linda University's 1962 expedition to Baja California: medical entomology and parasitology. Medical Arts and Sciences 17: 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1963">Ryckman and Ryckman (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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reported
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A691FFB1AFC72FB16" box="[853,958,1240,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoguei">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A691FFB1AFCA9FB17" box="[853,869,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A693EFB1BFC72FB16" box="[884,958,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">hoguei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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biting humans, sometimes after dark and suggested
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A6B7CFB38FE6CFAF1" box="[310,416,1275,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoguei">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6B7CFB38FE84FAF1" box="[310,328,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6B1CFB38FE6CFAF1" box="[342,416,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">hoguei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’s larval habitat is likely the rotting organic material on the beaches surrounding the
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A6F3AFB38FEFAFAD3" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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islands where the midges were collected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFBAEF1A6A8AFA8BFD5AFA43" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFBAEF1A6A8AFA8BFD5AFA43" blockId="102.[191,1440,1352,1447]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">
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||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6A8AFA8BFEFCFA86" bold="true" box="[192,304,1352,1378]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Remarks.</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFBAEF1A6B7CFA8BFD9EFA86" author="Wirth WW & de Moraes APA" box="[310,594,1352,1378]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" pagination="287 - 298" refId="ref143491" refString="Wirth WW, de Moraes APA. 1979. New records and new species of biting midges from salt marshes in California and Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 55: 287 - 298." type="journal article" year="1979">Wirth and Moraes (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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found some
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A68A8FA8BFC40FA86" box="[738,908,1352,1378]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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specimens to have smaller proboscis ratios and more mandibular teeth than those of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFBAEF1A68C7FAA9FCCDFA60" box="[653,769,1386,1412]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<typeStatus id="BF4311E7FFBAEF1A694DFAA8FC8BFA61" box="[775,839,1387,1413]" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">types</typeStatus>
|
||
. I include these variations within parenthesis in
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFBAEF1A6F29FAA9FF16FA43" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="102" pageNumber="101">Table 14</tableCitation>
|
||
; however, no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFBAEF1A6B3EFA4EFE11FA43" box="[372,477,1421,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="101" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoguei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6B3EFA4EFE4AFA43" box="[372,390,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFBAEF1A6BD9FA4EFE11FA43" box="[403,477,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="101">hoguei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |