219 lines
18 KiB
XML
219 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff2e62f9-b478-406a-9812-d87c5b0f1275" ID-PMC="PMC3272638" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-167-1" ID-PubMed="22363201" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-167-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 167" ModsDocTitle="Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves" checkinTime="1451249361926" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ledford, Joel, Paquin, Pierre, Cokendolpher, James, Campbell, Josh & Griswold, Charles" docDate="2012" docId="E2EE2E12FCBA6E917397E15DAD4C02EE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 167: 1-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 167" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833" docTitle="Tayshaneta microps Gertsch 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFABFF9EDA67666EBE2E632CFFF08176" masterDocTitle="Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668153202787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics, conservation and morphology of the spider genus Tayshaneta (Araneae, Leptonetidae) in Central Texas Caves</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ledford, Joel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paquin, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cokendolpher, James</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Campbell, Josh</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>167</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>102</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.167.1833</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-167-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E2EE2E12FCBA6E917397E15DAD4C02EE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2EE2E12FCBA6E917397E15DAD4C02EE" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Tayshaneta_microps" authority="Gertsch, 1974" authorityName="Gertsch" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps (Gertsch, 1974)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1B10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B22A–F31C32C43A–F">A-B22A-F31C32C43A-F</normalizedToken>
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53E59
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Leptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Leptoneta microps</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gertsch, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="145 - 203" title="The spider family Leptonetidae in North America." volume="1" year="1974">Gertsch 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 171-172.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Neoleptoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neoleptoneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Neoleptoneta microps</taxonomicName>
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(Gertsch, 1974):
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<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli, PM" journalOrPublisher="Quaderna Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="213 - 218" title="Spiders of Mexico, III. A new leptonetid from Oaxaca (Araneae, Leptonetidae)." volume="171" year="1977">Brignoli 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 216;
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<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 16" title="On the tibial and patellar glands, relationships and American genera of the spider family Leptonetidae (Arachnida, Araneae)." volume="2855" year="1986">Platnick 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 8; Reddell 1988: 34;
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<bibRefCitation author="Cokendolpher, JC" journalOrPublisher="Texas Memorial Museum Speleological Monographs" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="63 - 69" title="A new Neoleptoneta spider from a cave in Camp Bullis, Bexar County, Texas (Araneae: Leptonetidae)." volume="6" year="2004">Cokendolpher 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 64;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Reddell and Cokendolpher 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 86;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick 2010</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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(Gertsch, 1974):
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<bibRefCitation author="Ledford, JM" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="334 - 388" title="Systematics and evolution of the spider genus Neoleptoneta (Araneae: Leptonetidae) with a discussion of the morphology and relationships for the North American Leptonetidae." url="doi: 10.1071/IS11014" volume="25" year="2011">Ledford et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="type data">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Female holotype from Government Canyon Bat Cave, 5 miles SW Helotes, Bexar County, Texas, 11-August-1965, J. Reddell, J. Fish (AMNH, examined).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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was listed under the Endangered Species Act in 2001 (U. S. Fish and Wildlife, 2010) due to pressure from urbanization in areas surrounding San Antonio, Texas. Two records are currently reported for the species, Government Canyon Bat Cave and Surprise Sink, both of which are in Northern Bexar County. The two specimens from Surprise Sink were examined in detail and while they share reduced eyes similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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, both specimens are immature cannot be confirmed as this species in the absence of associated males.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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USA: Texas: Bexar County: Government Canyon Bat Cave, 5 miles SW Helotes, 24-April-1993, J. Reddell, M. Reyes,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="29.56">29.56N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-98.76">98.76W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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♀, (TTU); Government Canyon Bat Cave, 5 miles SW Helotes, 24-May-1993, J. Reddell, M. Reyes,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="29.56">29.56N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-98.76">98.76W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♀, (TMM); Government Canyon Bat Cave, 5 miles SW Helotes, 24-May-1998, J. Reddell, M. Reyes,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="29.56">29.56N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-98.76">98.76W</geoCoordinate>
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, 4 ♀, (TMM); Government Canyon Bat Cave, 5 miles SW Helotes, 12-March-2005, P. Paquin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="29.56">29.56N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-98.76">98.76W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 6 juvs, (TMM); Government Canyon Bat Cave, 5 miles SW Helotes, 12-November-2009, J. Ledford, M. Sanders, N. Lake,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="29.56">29.56N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-98.76">98.76W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1 ♂, (TMM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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may be separated from all
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tayshaneta</taxonomicName>
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species, except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta bullis" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullis">Tayshaneta bullis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta madla" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madla">Tayshaneta madla</taxonomicName>
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, by having males with an elongate retrolateral tibial spine (RTS, Figs 31F, 32F), more than 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of the palpal tarsus and lacking a ventral sclerite (Figs 42B, E). Separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta bullis" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullis">Tayshaneta bullis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta madla" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madla">Tayshaneta madla</taxonomicName>
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by the unique shape of the embolus (Fig. 43D).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Complete description of female in
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<bibRefCitation author="Gertsch, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Arachnology" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="145 - 203" title="The spider family Leptonetidae in North America." volume="1" year="1974">Gertsch (1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 171-172). Habitus of male and female in Figs 22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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, scanning electron micrographs of male genitalia in Figs 43
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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and female genitalia in Fig. 53E.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Male. (Government Canyon Bat Cave). Body length 1.27, carapace 0.56 long, 0.47 wide, length 1.19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Carapace light brown, sparsely setose; eyes greatly reduced (Figs 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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; 22
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). Legs elongate and thin, femur I 1.64
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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carapace length, covered in fine setae with few scattered spines. Palpal tarsus entire, tapering apically (Fig. 31C); retrolateral tibial spine elongate, sculptured throughout, length 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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tarsus length (Fig. 31C, 32C). Bulb suboval, length 1.76
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width; embolus distally oval, curved and with basal tooth (E, Fig. 43D), length 2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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width. Abdomen light brown, without pattern, 0.70 long, 0.50 wide, covered in fine setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Variation(n = 6). Total length 1.25-1.40; carapace length 1.20-1.52
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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carapace width; length femur I 1.0-1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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carapace width.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Figure 22.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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(Gertsch, 1974), Government Canyon Bat Cave, Bexar County, Texas (CASC), habitus. A
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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male, dorsal B
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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male, ventral C
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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male, lateral D
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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female, dorsal E
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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female, ventral F
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leptonetidae" genus="Tayshaneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tayshaneta microps" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microps">Tayshaneta microps</taxonomicName>
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female, lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Natural History.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">One adult male specimen was collected for DNA extraction and scanning electron microscopy in November 2009. Although only a single male was found, immature and female specimens were commonly observed in small sheet webs under breakdown material and at the base of walls on opposite sides of the cave entrance.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Known only from Government Canyon Bat Cave, Bexar County, Texas (Fig. 59).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |