plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/1F/68/87/1F6887D73A274B4EFE4AFCE602ECC4D2.xml
maintenance 6b03c23a23 added 1F
2024-06-21 12:31:06 +02:00

617 lines
97 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="11ABEEC7E01F4DE220278499A9B358BE" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930410001708680" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5221325" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629370267128" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Disney, R. H. L." docDate="2005" docId="1F6887D73A274B4EFE4AFCE602ECC4D2" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.39.5.393-430.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930410001708680" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8.4:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="5A9EB2ED5589A523F0236C66DE2A6BA8" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chonocephalus Wandolleck 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="398" masterDocId="E351FFAF3A254B48FFCDFF850678C17F" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Chonocephalus Wandolleck (Diptera: Phoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="430" masterPageNumber="393" pageNumber="394" updateTime="1699069924140" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="4A53C1290F4890B089F7010EBEC5E5DA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D78A0CAB03346D24DBC57830D38F7B3B">
<mods:title id="EEFB9B748D0CAD4E020D04847607680D">Revision of Afrotropical Chonocephalus Wandolleck (Diptera: Phoridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="16D9DE0CD94C10492B75DE10445AFF18" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6B47A01AE7D1EDD44E9B228CCC7A8936">
<mods:roleTerm id="33C5AEE01ADEC60147891B2603FCF9DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="14B1CDCE712227FD4F729E53D3FA2FD4">Disney, R. H. L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E023DB92A81BEB587CADD63A3203E0D7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="68A8187915770F490C0C66ACA440EA5E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="BFB415247F44B3D67000A7BCDC57A6EE">
<mods:title id="F8C8EEC29C1088DE85396C6B49BB12E5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="E19A246B2D4DBF66D79C96F321740047">
<mods:date id="1ECF7F42D7A001B295CA8EAC5E7B5537">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C4043D76F5DB3701AC978594AB4B5518" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CD3FEE5AA4DBDFFA87255DF7FA384080">2005-02-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D70834152F90A91F1B7AEABBCFAA2C6D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="11B5EDAFD3CA68D63ED7374EE660CD78">39</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B3B9228291B01EE2B8207E45E33B17EF" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1DF8664458F5B34A2A107819434B020D">5</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="7C6E533870192317BA19B5978C1A69BB" unit="page">
<mods:start id="ECB72641636A81724C1FCBFB0B6F1B97">393</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1B397EE02288B3E9467732BD20FC3D2E">430</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="D700C354348F190214D4D58921BAE88E">
<mods:url id="5397AF6C144058600C0E86F661E99BC1">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930410001708680</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="AF6522BFD6C97407E3E4B2E4D7F03AC0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DC55595538F6D2A8B731E9A2178FC6E6" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930410001708680</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="37DC58030FFB62E85E341F3A1A2C9B12" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F6A07BF7E41A281401D9C4906624EFE2" type="Zenodo-Dep">5221325</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="1F6887D73A274B4EFE4AFCE602ECC4D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F6887D73A274B4EFE4AFCE602ECC4D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F6887D73A274B4EFE4AFCE602ECC4D2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<subSubSection id="DFDB654A3A274B4AFE4AFCE605FDC204" box="[391,901,867,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A274B4AFE4AFCE605FDC204" blockId="2.[125,901,867,926]" box="[391,901,867,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<heading id="CC3681AD3A274B4AFE4AFCE605FDC204" box="[391,901,867,891]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" reason="2">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFE4AFCE607A1C204" bold="true" box="[391,473,867,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A274B4AFE2FFCE605FDC204" ID-CoL="3P2P" ID-ENA="92528" authority="Wandolleck, 1898" authorityName="Wandolleck" authorityYear="1898" box="[482,901,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFE2FFCE604DFC204" bold="true" box="[482,679,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Chonocephalus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F3504B303A274B4AFD7DFCE605FDC204" author="Wandolleck B" box="[688,901,867,891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="412 - 441" refId="ref11729" refString="Wandolleck B. 1898. die Stenopathidae, eine neue fluegel- und schwingerlose familie drer Diptera. Zoologische Jahrbucher abteilung fur systematik 11: 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1898">Wandolleck, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFDB654A3A274B4BFFB0FC020509C582" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A274B4AFFB0FC02051AC2E1" blockId="2.[125,901,867,926]" box="[125,866,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFFB0FC020772C2E1" box="[125,266,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<typeStatus id="487A88633A274B4AFFB0FC0206CBC2E1" box="[125,179,903,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A274B4AFEE9FC030526C2E1" authority="Wandolleck, 1898, p 428" authorityName="Wandolleck" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1898" box="[292,862,902,926]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
Chonocephalus dorsalis
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFD8FFC030526C2E1" box="[578,862,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<bibRefCitation id="F3504B303A274B4AFD8FFC030574C2E1" author="Wandolleck B" box="[578,780,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="412 - 441" refId="ref11729" refString="Wandolleck B. 1898. die Stenopathidae, eine neue fluegel- und schwingerlose familie drer Diptera. Zoologische Jahrbucher abteilung fur systematik 11: 412 - 441." type="journal article" year="1898">Wandolleck, 1898</bibRefCitation>
, p 428
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFC93FC03051AC2E1" box="[862,866,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A274B4AFFB0FC5904D8C50B" blockId="2.[125,1173,988,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
The genus is readily identified in the most recent key to world genera (
<bibRefCitation id="F3504B303A274B4AFC7FFC590234C28B" author="Disney RHL" box="[946,1100,988,1012]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" refId="ref11382" refString="Disney RHL. 1994. Scuttle flies: the phoridae. London: Chapman and Hall. 467 p." type="book" year="1994">Disney 1994</bibRefCitation>
), with the modification that the genus
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A274B4AFDFCFC79051AC56B" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1927" box="[561,866,1020,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Epichonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFDFCFC790497C56B" box="[561,751,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Epichonocephalus</emphasis>
Schmitz
</taxonomicName>
was synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A274B4AFFB0FB990766C54B" authorityName="Wandolleck" authorityYear="1898" box="[125,286,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFFB0FB990766C54B" box="[125,286,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Chonocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in my recent revision, which provides a detailed diagnosis of the genus in both sexes (
<bibRefCitation id="F3504B303A274B4AFEC0FBB907D3C52B" author="Disney RHL" box="[269,427,1084,1108]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11422" refString="Disney RHL. 2002. Revisionary notes on Chonocephalus Wandolleck (Diptera: Phoridae) with keys to species of the Holarctic Region. Zootaxa 60: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2002">Disney 2002</bibRefCitation>
). The wings of the males are distinctive (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A274B4AFC6EFBB90264C52B" box="[931,1052,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="24.[132,192,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[172,1127,1207,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-289@24.[171,1128,1201,1627]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 40. Chonocephalus heymonsi male, right wing. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221373/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Figure 40</figureCitation>
) as is the general appearance of the females (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A274B4AFDD7FBD904EBC50B" box="[538,659,1116,1140]" captionStart="Figures 32, 33" captionStartId="20.[125,194,1294,1313]" captionTargetBox="[204,1100,153,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-112@20.[194,1104,133,1259]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 32, 33. Chonocephalus dominicanus female. (32) Whole fly from above. (33) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221449/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Figure 32</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A274B4AFFB0FB2806C6C5BA" blockId="2.[125,190,1197,1221]" box="[125,190,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A274B4AFFB0FB2806C6C5BA" box="[125,190,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Males</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A274B4BFFB0FB5B022CC5CB" blockId="2.[125,1172,1246,1685]" lastBlockId="3.[138,1185,1050,1204]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="395" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">
The recognition of species depends primarily on the details of the hypopygium, which is at first sight very complex. However, if one ignores the, often elaborate, penis complex (X), the details of the epandrium (E) and hypandrium (H) that are referred to in the key below are indicated in
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A274B4AFEF3FABB07DBC429" box="[318,419,1342,1366]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[138,198,848,867]" captionTargetBox="[351,976,146,808]" captionTargetId="figure-419@3.[343,981,133,812]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Chonocephalus male hypopygium, diagrammatic ventral view of a generalized species. A, anal tube (with median hypoproct and paired cerci); E, epandrium; H, hypandrium; X, penis complex (simplified). a, p, anterior and posterior processes (probably5subepandrial sclerites) of epandrium; l, lobe(s) of hypandrium; g, gonopod; b, bridge (probably5sternite 10); c, left surstylus (clasper); s, spine (modified bristle) of epandrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221327/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="394">Figure 1</figureCitation>
. This represents a generalized, stylized, hypopygium. While the anal tube (A) is not utilized in the recognition of species it is a useful point of reference. Any one of the labelled structures may be modified and may sometimes be very elaborate in form. In the inferred groundplan state the rear margin of the hypandrium bears four processes. These are the gonopods (g) and a pair of median lobes (l). In the plesiomorphic state the gonopods articulate with the dorsal face of the hypandrium, but more frequently they arise from it. One (usually the left) or both may be reduced or absent. The median lobes (l) may form a single bilobed structure or be reduced to a single lobe (which may be greatly elongated) or be lost altogether. Ventrally each side of the epandrium (E) typically bears an anterior process (a) and a posterior process (p). In some species the anterior processes (a) may appear to be appendages (attaching to the inner face of the epandrium) rather than simple projections of the epandrium. A presumed true left surstylus or clasper (c) is frequently present (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFE16FBBE0435C52C" box="[475,589,1083,1107]" captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="12.[125,194,1363,1382]" captionTargetBox="[180,1128,141,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-69@12.[171,1128,133,1327]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 18–20. Chonocephalus cummingae male, details of hypopygium from below. (18) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (19) Right lobe of hypandrium and gonopod. (20) Left gonopod and lobe of hypandrium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 18</figureCitation>
), variably fused to the epandrium, and is sometimes elaborate. Occasionally it is fused to the bridge (b), which is sometimes present and probably represents sternite 10. The most anterior (lower) bristle of the left side of the epandrium is sometimes modified into a spine (s), which may be further modified.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C3BE66493A264B4BFF47FCD5024CC2CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5221327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" startId="3.[138,198,848,867]" targetBox="[351,976,146,808]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF47FCD5024CC2CC" blockId="3.[138,1186,848,947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
Figure 1.
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A264B4BFF24FCD50712C21C" authorityName="Wandolleck" authorityYear="1898" box="[233,362,848,867]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A264B4BFF24FCD50712C21C" box="[233,362,848,867]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Chonocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male hypopygium, diagrammatic ventral view of a generalized species. A, anal tube (with median hypoproct and paired cerci); E, epandrium; H, hypandrium; X, penis complex (simplified). a, p, anterior and posterior processes (probably5subepandrial sclerites) of epandrium; l, lobe(s) of hypandrium; g, gonopod; b, bridge (probably5sternite 10); c, left surstylus (clasper); s, spine (modified bristle) of epandrium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFE04FB600509C582" blockId="3.[457,881,1253,1277]" box="[457,881,1253,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Key to males of Afrotropical species</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFDB654A3A264B4CFF47FA9306ACC73B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" type="key">
<key id="E35061F03A264B4CFF47FA9302ECC49B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyStep id="2C352E643A264B4BFF47FA9302D9C410" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF47FA9302D9C431" blockId="3.[138,1185,1302,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A264B4BFF47FA9302D9C431" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
1 Right gonopod with stem preceding swollen tip about four times as long as latter (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFF0AFAB30745C431" box="[199,317,1334,1358]" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="27.[138,198,1663,1682]" captionTargetBox="[420,904,1055,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-165@27.[417,907,1047,1627]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 46. Chonocephalus hibisci male, hypopygium (from Paulian 1958)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221381/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 46</figureCitation>
).........................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A264B4BFC33FAB302D9C431" ID-CoL="5YB53" authority="Paulian" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1958" box="[1022,1185,1334,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibisci">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A264B4BFC33FAB30239C431" box="[1022,1089,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">hibisci</emphasis>
Paulian
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF41FAD202D9C410" blockId="3.[138,1185,1302,1683]" box="[140,1185,1367,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A264B4BFF41FAD202D9C410" box="[140,1185,1367,1391]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">– Right gonopod clearly shorter..................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A264B4BFF47FAFD02D9C74D" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF47FAFD02D9C76E" blockId="3.[138,1185,1302,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A264B4BFF47FAFD02D9C76E" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
2 Right gonopod as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFE54FAFD0477C4EF" box="[409,527,1400,1424]" captionStart="Figures 47–50" captionStartId="28.[125,194,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[173,1124,636,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[171,1128,635,1574]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 47–50. Chonocephalus justini male, details of hypopygium. (47) Left side of epandrium from below. (48) right side of epandrium from below. (49) Left gonopod, upper (inner) face. (50) Right gonopod, lower face from above. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 50</figureCitation>
. Left gonopod as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFD2AFAFD0525C4EF" box="[743,861,1400,1424]" captionStart="Figures 47–50" captionStartId="28.[125,194,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[173,1124,636,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[171,1128,635,1574]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 47–50. Chonocephalus justini male, details of hypopygium. (47) Left side of epandrium from below. (48) right side of epandrium from below. (49) Left gonopod, upper (inner) face. (50) Right gonopod, lower face from above. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 49</figureCitation>
. Left epandrial process is a long rectangle (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFE4DFA1D0785C4CF" box="[384,509,1432,1456]" captionStart="Figures 47–50" captionStartId="28.[125,194,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[173,1124,636,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[171,1128,635,1574]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 47–50. Chonocephalus justini male, details of hypopygium. (47) Left side of epandrium from below. (48) right side of epandrium from below. (49) Left gonopod, upper (inner) face. (50) Right gonopod, lower face from above. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 47</figureCitation>
) whose posterobasal region attaches to the tip of the posterior arm of the large T-shaped right process (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFCE3FA3D05D0C4AF" box="[814,936,1464,1488]" captionStart="Figures 47–50" captionStartId="28.[125,194,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[173,1124,636,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[171,1128,635,1574]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 47–50. Chonocephalus justini male, details of hypopygium. (47) Left side of epandrium from below. (48) right side of epandrium from below. (49) Left gonopod, upper (inner) face. (50) Right gonopod, lower face from above. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 48</figureCitation>
) to form a complex bridge. The true bridge (b) is only sclerotized in the left two-thirds (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFC2FFA5C0220C48E" box="[994,1112,1497,1521]" captionStart="Figures 47–50" captionStartId="28.[125,194,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[173,1124,636,1569]" captionTargetId="figure-96@28.[171,1128,635,1574]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figures 47–50. Chonocephalus justini male, details of hypopygium. (47) Left side of epandrium from below. (48) right side of epandrium from below. (49) Left gonopod, upper (inner) face. (50) Right gonopod, lower face from above. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 47</figureCitation>
)....................................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A264B4BFC37FA7C0243C76E" ID-CoL="5YB55" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[1018,1083,1529,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="justini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A264B4BFC37FA7C0243C76E" box="[1018,1083,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">justini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A264B4BFB88FA7C02D9C76E" box="[1093,1185,1529,1553]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF41F99F02D9C74D" blockId="3.[138,1185,1302,1683]" box="[140,1185,1562,1586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A264B4BFF41F99F02D9C74D" box="[140,1185,1562,1586]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">– Not so..................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A264B4BFF47F9BE02D9C7EC" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF47F9BE02D9C70C" blockId="3.[138,1185,1302,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A264B4BFF47F9BE02D9C70C" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
3 The lowest bristle on left side of epandrium (S in
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFD37F9BE0521C72C" box="[762,857,1595,1619]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[138,198,848,867]" captionTargetBox="[351,976,146,808]" captionTargetId="figure-419@3.[343,981,133,812]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Chonocephalus male hypopygium, diagrammatic ventral view of a generalized species. A, anal tube (with median hypoproct and paired cerci); E, epandrium; H, hypandrium; X, penis complex (simplified). a, p, anterior and posterior processes (probably5subepandrial sclerites) of epandrium; l, lobe(s) of hypandrium; g, gonopod; b, bridge (probably5sternite 10); c, left surstylus (clasper); s, spine (modified bristle) of epandrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) is differentiated as a strong spine and brown left surstylus is present (C in
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFD2BF9DE0530C70C" box="[742,840,1627,1651]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[138,198,848,867]" captionTargetBox="[351,976,146,808]" captionTargetId="figure-419@3.[343,981,133,812]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Chonocephalus male hypopygium, diagrammatic ventral view of a generalized species. A, anal tube (with median hypoproct and paired cerci); E, epandrium; H, hypandrium; X, penis complex (simplified). a, p, anterior and posterior processes (probably5subepandrial sclerites) of epandrium; l, lobe(s) of hypandrium; g, gonopod; b, bridge (probably5sternite 10); c, left surstylus (clasper); s, spine (modified bristle) of epandrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFCA9F9DE059EC70C" box="[868,998,1627,1651]" captionStart="Figures 14–17" captionStartId="11.[138,207,1594,1613]" captionTargetBox="[224,1099,147,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[224,1099,139,1558]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 14–17. Chonocephalus collini male, details of hypopygium from below. (14) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (15) Left gonopod and hypandrial process. (16) Outer branch of right gonopod. (17) Right hypandrial process and gonopod with latter at a different angle. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">Figures 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFC39F9DE026CC70C" box="[1012,1044,1627,1651]" captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="12.[125,194,1363,1382]" captionTargetBox="[180,1128,141,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-69@12.[171,1128,133,1327]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 18–20. Chonocephalus cummingae male, details of hypopygium from below. (18) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (19) Right lobe of hypandrium and gonopod. (20) Left gonopod and lobe of hypandrium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A264B4BFBEFF9DE0239C70C" box="[1058,1089,1627,1651]" captionStart="Figures 59–62" captionStartId="34.[125,194,1424,1443]" captionTargetBox="[179,1117,143,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-36@34.[171,1128,133,1388]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 59–62. Chonocephalus steineri male, details of hypopygium from below. (59) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (60) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (61) Right gonopod. (62) Hypandrial lobes. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221391/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">59</figureCitation>
).... 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A264B4BFF41F9FE02D9C7EC" blockId="3.[138,1185,1302,1683]" box="[140,1185,1659,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A264B4BFF41F9FE02D9C7EC" box="[140,1185,1659,1683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="395">– Bristle S is not differentiated and left surstylus absent.................... 7</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FF0D02ECC19F" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FF0D02ECC1BF" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FF0D02ECC1BF" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
4 Bristle S of left side of epandrium stands at base of a dark brown, bare, leaf-shaped process (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFED4FF2D07E9C1BF" box="[281,401,168,192]" captionStart="Figures 14–17" captionStartId="11.[138,207,1594,1613]" captionTargetBox="[224,1099,147,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[224,1099,139,1558]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 14–17. Chonocephalus collini male, details of hypopygium from below. (14) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (15) Left gonopod and hypandrial process. (16) Outer branch of right gonopod. (17) Right hypandrial process and gonopod with latter at a different angle. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221343/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 14</figureCitation>
). Other details of hypopygium as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFCEDFF2D05BFC1BF" box="[800,967,168,192]" captionStart="Figures 14–17" captionStartId="11.[138,207,1594,1613]" captionTargetBox="[224,1099,147,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-1@11.[224,1099,139,1558]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 14–17. Chonocephalus collini male, details of hypopygium from below. (14) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (15) Left gonopod and hypandrial process. (16) Outer branch of right gonopod. (17) Right hypandrial process and gonopod with latter at a different angle. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221343/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 15–17</figureCitation>
...
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC36FF2D02ECC1BF" ID-CoL="5YBD2" authority="Disney" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2002" box="[1019,1172,168,192]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="collini">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC36FF2D0242C1BF" box="[1019,1082,168,192]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">collini</emphasis>
Disney
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFF4D02ECC19F" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" box="[128,1172,200,224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFF4D02ECC19F" box="[128,1172,200,224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">– Without this dark process associated with bristle S....................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FF6C02ECC01E" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FF6C02ECC05E" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FF6C02ECC05E" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
5 Right lobe of hypandrium long and tapering to a dark brown pointed tip (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFF77FE8C0757C05E" box="[186,303,265,289]" captionStart="Figures 18–20" captionStartId="12.[125,194,1363,1382]" captionTargetBox="[180,1128,141,1321]" captionTargetId="figure-69@12.[171,1128,133,1327]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 18–20. Chonocephalus cummingae male, details of hypopygium from below. (18) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (19) Right lobe of hypandrium and gonopod. (20) Left gonopod and lobe of hypandrium. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221345/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 19</figureCitation>
).....................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC79FE8C0257C05E" ID-CoL="5YBD3" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[948,1071,265,289]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cummingae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC79FE8C0257C05E" box="[948,1071,265,289]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">cummingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A214B4CFBF5FE8C02ECC05E" box="[1080,1172,265,289]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFEAC02ECC01E" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFEAC02ECC01E" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Right hypandrial lobe shorter, broader and not tapered to a darker pointed tip (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFF77FECC0744C01E" box="[186,316,329,353]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[125,194,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[177,1124,168,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[171,1128,162,1517]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Chonocephalus cautus male, details of hypopygium from below. (10) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (11) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (12) Right processes of epandrium. (13) Right gonopod and hypandrial lobe. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE87FECC0711C01E" box="[330,361,329,353]" captionStart="Figures 59–62" captionStartId="34.[125,194,1424,1443]" captionTargetBox="[179,1117,143,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-36@34.[171,1128,133,1388]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 59–62. Chonocephalus steineri male, details of hypopygium from below. (59) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (60) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (61) Right gonopod. (62) Hypandrial lobes. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221391/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">62</figureCitation>
)............................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FEEF02ECC35E" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FEEF02ECC0BE" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FEEF02ECC0BE" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
6 Right gonopod with spine-like bristles as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFD7AFEEF0549C0FD" box="[695,817,362,386]" captionStart="Figures 59–62" captionStartId="34.[125,194,1424,1443]" captionTargetBox="[179,1117,143,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-36@34.[171,1128,133,1388]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 59–62. Chonocephalus steineri male, details of hypopygium from below. (59) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (60) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (61) Right gonopod. (62) Hypandrial lobes. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221391/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 61</figureCitation>
, otherwise bare. Thumb-like posterior lobe of left side of epandrium with fine hairs to tip (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC64FE0C025BC0DE" box="[937,1059,393,417]" captionStart="Figures 59–62" captionStartId="34.[125,194,1424,1443]" captionTargetBox="[179,1117,143,1388]" captionTargetId="figure-36@34.[171,1128,133,1388]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figures 59–62. Chonocephalus steineri male, details of hypopygium from below. (59) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (60) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (61) Right gonopod. (62) Hypandrial lobes. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221391/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 59</figureCitation>
)....................................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC2CFE2C0254C0BE" ID-CoL="5YB66" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[993,1068,425,449]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steineri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC2CFE2C0254C0BE" box="[993,1068,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">steineri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A214B4CFBFBFE2C02ECC0BE" box="[1078,1172,425,449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFE4C02ECC35E" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFE4C02ECC35E" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Right gonopod with different spines and numerous fine hairs (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC52FE4C0261C09E" box="[927,1049,457,481]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[125,194,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[177,1124,168,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[171,1128,162,1517]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Chonocephalus cautus male, details of hypopygium from below. (10) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (11) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (12) Right processes of epandrium. (13) Right gonopod and hypandrial lobe. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 13</figureCitation>
). Thumblike posterior lobe of left side of epandrium bare between fine hairs at base and longer ones at tip (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE5AFD8C0477C35E" box="[407,527,521,545]" captionStart="Figures 10–13" captionStartId="10.[125,194,1553,1572]" captionTargetBox="[177,1124,168,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-1@10.[171,1128,162,1517]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figures 10–13. Chonocephalus cautus male, details of hypopygium from below. (10) Left side of epandrium and surstylus. (11) Left gonopod and hypandrial lobe. (12) Right processes of epandrium. (13) Right gonopod and hypandrial lobe. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 10</figureCitation>
).........................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC2BFD8F0253C35E" ID-CoL="5YBCH" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[998,1067,522,545]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cautus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC2BFD8F0253C35E" box="[998,1067,522,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">cautus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A214B4CFBFBFD8C02ECC35E" box="[1078,1172,521,545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FDAF02ECC3DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FDAF02ECC3FE" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FDAF02ECC3FE" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
7 Hypandrial lobes and left gonopod reduced to short brown lobes that are at most as long as broad (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE90FDCF07A5C31D" box="[349,477,586,610]" captionStart="Figures 23–25" captionStartId="15.[138,207,1437,1456]" captionTargetBox="[191,1133,141,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-52@15.[183,1140,133,1401]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 23–25. Chonocephalus depressus male, hypopygium. (23) From below, with right gonopod somewhat foreshortened and with detail of left gonopod to left and right posterior process of epandrium from another specimen and other angle. (24) Right gonopod. (25) Left face of hypopygium. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221353/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE24FDCF0470C31D" box="[489,520,586,610]" captionStart="Figures 51, 52" captionStartId="29.[138,207,1637,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1137,626,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-76@29.[183,1140,621,1602]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 51, 52. Chonocephalus madagascariensis male, details of hypopygium from below. (51) Epandrium and right gonopopd. (52) Hypandrium and vestigial left gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">52</figureCitation>
) and the brown right gonopod is a long process tapering to a point (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFEFBFDEC07CFC3FE" box="[310,439,617,641]" captionStart="Figures 23–25" captionStartId="15.[138,207,1437,1456]" captionTargetBox="[191,1133,141,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-52@15.[183,1140,133,1401]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 23–25. Chonocephalus depressus male, hypopygium. (23) From below, with right gonopod somewhat foreshortened and with detail of left gonopod to left and right posterior process of epandrium from another specimen and other angle. (24) Right gonopod. (25) Left face of hypopygium. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221353/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE08FDEC079BC3FE" box="[453,483,617,641]" captionStart="Figures 51, 52" captionStartId="29.[138,207,1637,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1137,626,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-76@29.[183,1140,621,1602]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 51, 52. Chonocephalus madagascariensis male, details of hypopygium from below. (51) Epandrium and right gonopopd. (52) Hypandrium and vestigial left gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">51</figureCitation>
)....................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFD0C02ECC3DE" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" box="[128,1172,649,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFD0C02ECC3DE" box="[128,1172,649,673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">– Gonopods and hypandrial lobes otherwise............................. 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FD2F02ECC25D" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FD2F02ECC39D" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FD2F02ECC39D" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
8 Epandrial processes as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE00FD2F043EC3BD" box="[461,582,682,706]" captionStart="Figures 23–25" captionStartId="15.[138,207,1437,1456]" captionTargetBox="[191,1133,141,1398]" captionTargetId="figure-52@15.[183,1140,133,1401]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 23–25. Chonocephalus depressus male, hypopygium. (23) From below, with right gonopod somewhat foreshortened and with detail of left gonopod to left and right posterior process of epandrium from another specimen and other angle. (24) Right gonopod. (25) Left face of hypopygium. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221353/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 23</figureCitation>
, the left anterior process having a small process towards its base....................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC1FFD4F02ECC39D" ID-CoL="5YBD4" authority="Meijere" authorityName="Meijere" box="[978,1172,714,738]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC1FFD4F024BC39D" box="[978,1075,714,738]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">depressus</emphasis>
Meijere
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFD6F02ECC25D" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFD6F02ECC25D" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Epandrial processes as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE0BFD6F0443C27D" box="[454,571,746,770]" captionStart="Figures 51, 52" captionStartId="29.[138,207,1637,1656]" captionTargetBox="[183,1137,626,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-76@29.[183,1140,621,1602]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Figures 51, 52. Chonocephalus madagascariensis male, details of hypopygium from below. (51) Epandrium and right gonopopd. (52) Hypandrium and vestigial left gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 51</figureCitation>
, the left process having a small dark ridge running backwards from its base.........................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFCB7FC8F02ECC25D" ID-CoL="889KH" authority="Paulian" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1958" box="[890,1172,778,802]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFCB7FC8F024CC25D" box="[890,1076,778,802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">madagascariensis</emphasis>
Paulian
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FCAE02ECC21D" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FCAE02ECC23C" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" box="[125,1172,811,835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FCAE02ECC23C" box="[125,1172,811,835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
9 Left side of epandrium with at least 10 hairs (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFD00FCAE0547C23C" box="[717,831,811,835]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="8.[125,194,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[216,1078,178,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[216,1082,177,1519]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 4–7. Chonocephalus americanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (4) Left side of epandrium from below. (5) Hypandrial lobes, deflected forwards so that upper (inner) face is exposed to view. (6) Left gonopod. (7) Right gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221335/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC83FCAE0516C23C" box="[846,878,811,835]" captionStart="Figures 28, 29" captionStartId="18.[125,194,1355,1374]" captionTargetBox="[316,987,143,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-38@18.[304,993,133,1319]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figures 28, 29. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (28) Right gonopod. (29) Left side of hypopygium and epandrial processes of right side. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221445/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFCB1FCAE05E4C23C" box="[892,924,811,835]" captionStart="Figures 30, 31" captionStartId="19.[138,207,1595,1614]" captionTargetBox="[217,1112,161,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-0@19.[209,1114,156,1559]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figures 30, 31. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, hypopygium. (30) Left face. (31) Right face tilted a little dorsally. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC67FCAE05B2C23C" box="[938,970,811,835]" captionStart="Figures 34–36" captionStartId="21.[138,207,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[196,1133,137,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-115@21.[183,1140,133,1318]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 34–36. Chonocephalus fletcheri male, hypopygium from below. (34) Left side of epandrium and bridge. (35) Right side of epandrium. (36) Hypandrium, with gonopods. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC15FCAE058FC23C" box="[984,1015,811,835]" captionStart="Figures 41, 42" captionStartId="25.[138,207,1616,1635]" captionTargetBox="[188,1129,186,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[183,1140,161,1580]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 41, 42. Chonocephalus heymonsi male, hypopygium. (41) From below. (42) Left face. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221375/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">41</figureCitation>
)...... 10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFCCF02ECC21D" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" box="[128,1172,842,866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFCCF02ECC21D" box="[128,1172,842,866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Left side of epandrium with fewer than 10 hairs (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFD3BFCCF0500C21D" box="[758,888,842,866]" captionStart="Figures 53–56" captionStartId="31.[138,207,1369,1388]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,137,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-43@31.[183,1140,133,1333]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figures 53–56. Chonocephalus modestus male, details of hypopygium from below: (53) left side of epandrium; (54) right side of epandrium; (55) left gonopod and hypandrial lobes; (56) right gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221387/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 53</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC4BFCCF05DDC21D" box="[902,933,842,866]" captionStart="Figures 57, 58" captionStartId="32.[125,194,1475,1494]" captionTargetBox="[193,1107,136,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-39@32.[185,1113,133,1439]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 57, 58. Chonocephalus pudicus male, details of hypopygium from below. (57) Epandrium and proctiger hairs. (58) Gonopods and hypandrial lobe. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221389/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">57</figureCitation>
)........... 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FCEE02ECC57C" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FCEE02ECC2BC" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FCEE02ECC2BC" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
10 The microtrichia of the left side below the hairs are modified into pointed scales (m in
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFF7EFC0E0760C2DC" box="[179,280,907,931]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="8.[125,194,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[216,1078,178,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[216,1082,177,1519]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 4–7. Chonocephalus americanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (4) Left side of epandrium from below. (5) Hypandrial lobes, deflected forwards so that upper (inner) face is exposed to view. (6) Left gonopod. (7) Right gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221335/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). Gonopods and lobes of hypandrium as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFD36FC0E05F0C2DC" box="[763,904,907,931]" captionStart="Figures 4–7" captionStartId="8.[125,194,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[216,1078,178,1513]" captionTargetId="figure-1@8.[216,1082,177,1519]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 4–7. Chonocephalus americanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (4) Left side of epandrium from below. (5) Hypandrial lobes, deflected forwards so that upper (inner) face is exposed to view. (6) Left gonopod. (7) Right gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221335/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 5–7</figureCitation>
....... ........ ...................................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC55FC2E02ECC2BC" ID-CoL="5YBCX" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1963" box="[920,1172,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC55FC2E026AC2BC" box="[920,1042,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">americanus</emphasis>
Borgmeier
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFC4E02ECC57C" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFC4E02ECC57C" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Microtrichia of left side near margin absent and nearest ones are not modified. Details of gonopods and lobes of hypandrium otherwise (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFD34FC6E05DEC57C" box="[761,934,1003,1027]" captionStart-0="Figures 28, 29" captionStart-1="Figures 30, 31" captionStartId-0="18.[125,194,1355,1374]" captionStartId-1="19.[138,207,1595,1614]" captionTargetBox-0="[316,987,143,1313]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1112,161,1555]" captionTargetId-0="figure-38@18.[304,993,133,1319]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@19.[209,1114,156,1559]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Figures 28, 29. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (28) Right gonopod. (29) Left side of hypopygium and epandrial processes of right side. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 30, 31. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, hypopygium. (30) Left face. (31) Right face tilted a little dorsally. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221445" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221447" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5221445/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5221447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 28–31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC7EFC6E05ABC57C" box="[947,979,1003,1027]" captionStart="Figures 34–36" captionStartId="21.[138,207,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[196,1133,137,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-115@21.[183,1140,133,1318]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 34–36. Chonocephalus fletcheri male, hypopygium from below. (34) Left side of epandrium and bridge. (35) Right side of epandrium. (36) Hypandrium, with gonopods. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC2CFC6E0278C57C" box="[993,1024,1003,1027]" captionStart="Figures 41, 42" captionStartId="25.[138,207,1616,1635]" captionTargetBox="[188,1129,186,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[183,1140,161,1580]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 41, 42. Chonocephalus heymonsi male, hypopygium. (41) From below. (42) Left face. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221375/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">41</figureCitation>
)...... 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FB8902ECC51C" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FB8902ECC53C" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FB8902ECC53C" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
11 Bridge (b in
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFE8FFB8907D9C55B" box="[322,417,1036,1060]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[138,198,848,867]" captionTargetBox="[351,976,146,808]" captionTargetId="figure-419@3.[343,981,133,812]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Chonocephalus male hypopygium, diagrammatic ventral view of a generalized species. A, anal tube (with median hypoproct and paired cerci); E, epandrium; H, hypandrium; X, penis complex (simplified). a, p, anterior and posterior processes (probably5subepandrial sclerites) of epandrium; l, lobe(s) of hypandrium; g, gonopod; b, bridge (probably5sternite 10); c, left surstylus (clasper); s, spine (modified bristle) of epandrium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221327/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 1</figureCitation>
) in form of distinctive horseshoe shape (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFCBFFB890591C55B" box="[882,1001,1036,1060]" captionStart="Figures 34–36" captionStartId="21.[138,207,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[196,1133,137,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-115@21.[183,1140,133,1318]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 34–36. Chonocephalus fletcheri male, hypopygium from below. (34) Left side of epandrium and bridge. (35) Right side of epandrium. (36) Hypandrium, with gonopods. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 34</figureCitation>
). Gonopods as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFF7EFBAE075CC53C" box="[179,292,1067,1091]" captionStart="Figures 34–36" captionStartId="21.[138,207,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[196,1133,137,1312]" captionTargetId="figure-115@21.[183,1140,133,1318]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figures 34–36. Chonocephalus fletcheri male, hypopygium from below. (34) Left side of epandrium and bridge. (35) Right side of epandrium. (36) Hypandrium, with gonopods. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 36</figureCitation>
.........................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC16FBAE02ECC53C" ID-CoL="5YB4M" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1912" box="[987,1172,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC16FBAE0256C53C" box="[987,1070,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">fletcheri</emphasis>
Schmitz
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFBCE02ECC51C" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" box="[128,1172,1099,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFBCE02ECC51C" box="[128,1172,1099,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Bridge not of this form. Gonopods otherwise (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFD1EFBCE05F8C51C" box="[723,896,1099,1123]" captionStart-0="Figures 28, 29" captionStart-1="Figures 30, 31" captionStartId-0="18.[125,194,1355,1374]" captionStartId-1="19.[138,207,1595,1614]" captionTargetBox-0="[316,987,143,1313]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1112,161,1555]" captionTargetId-0="figure-38@18.[304,993,133,1319]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@19.[209,1114,156,1559]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Figures 28, 29. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (28) Right gonopod. (29) Left side of hypopygium and epandrial processes of right side. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 30, 31. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, hypopygium. (30) Left face. (31) Right face tilted a little dorsally. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221445" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221447" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5221445/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5221447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 28–31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFC43FBCE05D5C51C" box="[910,941,1099,1123]" captionStart="Figures 41, 42" captionStartId="25.[138,207,1616,1635]" captionTargetBox="[188,1129,186,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[183,1140,161,1580]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 41, 42. Chonocephalus heymonsi male, hypopygium. (41) From below. (42) Left face. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221375/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">41</figureCitation>
)........... 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FBE902ECC45B" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FBE902ECC59B" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FBE902ECC59B" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
12 Right gonopod asymetrically expanded distally and with the longer arm directed rearwards and likewise the right process a of the epandrium; and left gonopod a long narrow process bearing a pair of bristles at its slightly expanded tip (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFF77FB490748C59B" box="[186,304,1228,1252]" captionStart="Figures 41, 42" captionStartId="25.[138,207,1616,1635]" captionTargetBox="[188,1129,186,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-1@25.[183,1140,161,1580]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figures 41, 42. Chonocephalus heymonsi male, hypopygium. (41) From below. (42) Left face. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221375/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 41</figureCitation>
)........................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC1BFB4902ECC59B" ID-CoL="5YB4R" authority="Stobbe" authorityName="Stobbe" authorityYear="1913" box="[982,1172,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heymonsi">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC1BFB490241C59B" box="[982,1081,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">heymonsi</emphasis>
Stobbe
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFB6902ECC45B" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFB6902ECC45B" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– Right gonopod otherwise and left gonopod much more robust and with a single bristle at its tip (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFED1FA8907B1C45B" box="[284,457,1292,1316]" captionStart-0="Figures 28, 29" captionStart-1="Figures 30, 31" captionStartId-0="18.[125,194,1355,1374]" captionStartId-1="19.[138,207,1595,1614]" captionTargetBox-0="[316,987,143,1313]" captionTargetBox-1="[217,1112,161,1555]" captionTargetId-0="figure-38@18.[304,993,133,1319]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@19.[209,1114,156,1559]" captionTargetPageId-0="18" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Figures 28, 29. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, details of hypopygium from below. (28) Right gonopod. (29) Left side of hypopygium and epandrial processes of right side. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." captionText-1="Figures 30, 31. Chonocephalus dominicanus male, hypopygium. (30) Left face. (31) Right face tilted a little dorsally. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221445" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221447" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5221445/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5221447/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figures 28–31</figureCitation>
). Right process a of epandrium similar.
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC40FA8902ECC45B" ID-CoL="5YBCP" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1967" box="[909,1172,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC40FA89026CC45B" box="[909,1044,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">dominicanus</emphasis>
Borgmeier
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A214B4CFFB0FAA902ECC49B" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0FAA902ECC4FB" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFFB0FAA902ECC4FB" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
13 The two to three most anterior bristles on each side of epandrium are distinctly smaller than the rest and right side of epandrium with processes as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFCBDFAC9059EC41B" box="[880,998,1356,1380]" captionStart="Figures 57, 58" captionStartId="32.[125,194,1475,1494]" captionTargetBox="[193,1107,136,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-39@32.[185,1113,133,1439]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 57, 58. Chonocephalus pudicus male, details of hypopygium from below. (57) Epandrium and proctiger hairs. (58) Gonopods and hypandrial lobe. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221389/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 57</figureCitation>
....... .......................................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC13FAE90257C4FB" ID-CoL="5YB5M" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[990,1071,1388,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pudicus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC13FAE90257C4FB" box="[990,1071,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">pudicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A214B4CFBF5FAE902ECC4FB" box="[1080,1172,1388,1412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFF4DFA0902ECC49B" blockId="4.[125,1173,136,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A214B4CFF4DFA0902ECC49B" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
– The two to three most anterior bristles on each side of epandrium not differentiated from the rest and right side of epandrium with processes as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A214B4CFCB9FA290592C4BB" box="[884,1002,1452,1476]" captionStart="Figures 53–56" captionStartId="31.[138,207,1369,1388]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,137,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-43@31.[183,1140,133,1333]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figures 53–56. Chonocephalus modestus male, details of hypopygium from below: (53) left side of epandrium; (54) right side of epandrium; (55) left gonopod and hypandrial lobes; (56) right gonopod. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221387/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Figure 54</figureCitation>
....... ......................................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A214B4CFC02FA490257C49B" ID-CoL="5YB48" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[975,1071,1484,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFC02FA490257C49B" box="[975,1071,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">modestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A214B4CFBF5FA4902ECC49B" box="[1080,1172,1484,1508]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4CFFB0F9A906ACC73B" blockId="4.[125,212,1580,1604]" box="[125,212,1580,1604]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A214B4CFFB0F9A906ACC73B" box="[125,212,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">Females</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFDB654A3A214B4EFFB0F9D805CFC0BF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" type="description">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A214B4EFFB0F9D8073AC07F" blockId="4.[125,1172,1629,1685]" lastBlockId="6.[125,1172,136,448]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="398" pageId="4" pageNumber="396">
The morphology of the females has been discussed elsewhere (
<bibRefCitation id="F3504B303A214B4CFC99F9D80596C70A" author="Disney RHL" box="[852,1006,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" pagination="77 - 87" refId="ref11316" refString="Disney RHL. 1986. Morphological and other observations on Chonocephalus (Phoridae) and phylogenetic implications for the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera). Journal of Zoology, London (A) 210: 77 - 87." type="journal article" year="1986">Disney 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="F3504B303A214B4CFC37F9D80243C70A" author="Disney RHL" box="[1018,1083,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="396" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref11422" refString="Disney RHL. 2002. Revisionary notes on Chonocephalus Wandolleck (Diptera: Phoridae) with keys to species of the Holarctic Region. Zootaxa 60: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
). It was concluded that the first, long, abdominal tergite is a composite of T1+T2 fused together, and that the last, also relatively long, fully developed tergite is T7 (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFC15FF0C022EC1DE" box="[984,1110,137,161]" captionStart="Figures 32, 33" captionStartId="20.[125,194,1294,1313]" captionTargetBox="[204,1100,153,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-112@20.[194,1104,133,1259]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 32, 33. Chonocephalus dominicanus female. (32) Whole fly from above. (33) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221449/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 32</figureCitation>
). The microtrichia, lying between the hairs on these tergites, are frequently reduced in size and consequently tend to be more densely packed (cf.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFCD4FF4C05A0C19E" box="[793,984,201,225]" captionStart="Figures 38, 39" captionStartId="23.[138,207,1527,1546]" captionTargetBox="[185,1137,135,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-36@23.[183,1140,133,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 38, 39. Chonocephalus females, hairing and microtrichia of abdominal tergites. (38) C. depressus. (39) C. heymonsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221371/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figures 38, 39</figureCitation>
). Otherwise the taxonomically useful features are mainly the form and size of the modified abdominal tergite (T8) and sternite 8 (S8), the internalized sternite 9 (furca) and the spermatheca. Typically the remnants of T9 are variably fused to the anterolateral apodemes of T10. These structures are most fully developed in
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A204B4DFD5BFECE053EC01C" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1986" box="[662,838,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blackithorum">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A204B4DFD5BFECE053EC01C" box="[662,838,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">C. blackithorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFC9BFECE059EC01C" box="[854,998,331,355]" captionStart="Figures 2, 3" captionStartId="5.[138,207,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[193,1140,929,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-331@5.[183,1140,924,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 2, 3. Chonocephalus blackithorum female, details of terminal segments of abdomen. (2) From above. c, cercus; S9, sternite 9 (furca); T7–T10, tergites 7–10. (3) From below. H, hypoproct; S7–S8, sternites 7–8; sp, spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221331/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figures 2, 3</figureCitation>
). The form and dimensions of sternite 8 have proved to be especially valuable taxonomically. This sternite has seemingly evolved from an isosceles triangular sternite whose anterior end continues internally as an anteriorly directed apodeme (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFD19FE290542C0BB" box="[724,826,428,452]" captionStart="Figures 2, 3" captionStartId="5.[138,207,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[193,1140,929,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-331@5.[183,1140,924,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 2, 3. Chonocephalus blackithorum female, details of terminal segments of abdomen. (2) From above. c, cercus; S9, sternite 9 (furca); T7–T10, tergites 7–10. (3) From below. H, hypoproct; S7–S8, sternites 7–8; sp, spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221331/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). In many species the external sternite is greatly reduced or lost while the internal apodeme has increased in length. In some species a small sternite is retained as an externally visible projection (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFBE1FE6802EAC37A" box="[1068,1170,493,517]" captionStart="Figures 8, 9" captionStartId="9.[138,207,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[344,979,137,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-99@9.[336,986,133,1078]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 8, 9. Chonocephalus americanus female, details of abdomen. (8) Tergite 8. (9) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 9</figureCitation>
). Tergite 8 is frequently reduced or seemingly absent. In the latter case it is present but only very lightly pigmented. Its presence may be discerned in many such cases by locating a minute hair at each posterolateral corner (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFD13FDCB0533C319" box="[734,843,590,614]" captionStart="Figures 8, 9" captionStartId="9.[138,207,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[344,979,137,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-99@9.[336,986,133,1078]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 8, 9. Chonocephalus americanus female, details of abdomen. (8) Tergite 8. (9) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221337/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 8</figureCitation>
). However, these hairs are sometimes absent. There can be some confusion between the furca and spermatheca. Both are subcircular structures lying close to each other between T8 (when present) and S8. The spermatheca is typically a lightly pigmented bowl-shaped structure, as in
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A204B4DFC22FD2A02D8C3B8" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1986" box="[1007,1184,687,711]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blackithorum">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A204B4DFC22FD2A02D8C3B8" box="[1007,1184,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">C. blackithorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Sp in
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFF10FD550739C397" box="[221,321,720,744]" captionStart="Figures 2, 3" captionStartId="5.[138,207,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[193,1140,929,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-331@5.[183,1140,924,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 2, 3. Chonocephalus blackithorum female, details of terminal segments of abdomen. (2) From above. c, cercus; S9, sternite 9 (furca); T7–T10, tergites 7–10. (3) From below. H, hypoproct; S7–S8, sternites 7–8; sp, spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221331/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 3</figureCitation>
) while the furca is hoop-shaped and paler (S
<quantity id="50399B243A204B4DFC95FD5505F0C397" box="[856,904,720,744]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFC5CFD550581C397" box="[913,1017,720,744]" captionStart="Figures 2, 3" captionStartId="5.[138,207,1610,1629]" captionTargetBox="[193,1140,929,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-331@5.[183,1140,924,1573]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 2, 3. Chonocephalus blackithorum female, details of terminal segments of abdomen. (2) From above. c, cercus; S9, sternite 9 (furca); T7–T10, tergites 7–10. (3) From below. H, hypoproct; S7–S8, sternites 7–8; sp, spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221331/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). However, in many species one or other or both of these structures may be very pale and it may require critical adjustment of the microscope’s lighting in order to discern them both. In observing a female mounted on a slide with its dorsal side uppermost, as one focuses downwards the sequence of encounter is T8–furca (S9)–spermatheca–S8 (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A204B4DFCADFCD705ADC215" box="[864,981,850,874]" captionStart="Figures 26, 27" captionStartId="16.[125,194,1505,1524]" captionTargetBox="[316,978,139,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[299,998,133,1469]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 26, 27. Chonocephalus depressus female, details of abdomen. (26) Sternite 8, furca (f) and spermatheca (s). (27) Tergite 8. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221355/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Figure 26</figureCitation>
). Where an egg is in place ready for laying, then it lies below T8 and the furca but above the spermatheca and S8. Indeed, the furca is often displayed to view most clearly against the background of such an egg. When no egg is in this position the furca may be tilted sideways on (as viewed from above or below).
</paragraph>
<caption id="C3BE66493A204B4DFF47F9CF0790C7ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5221331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221331/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" startId="5.[138,207,1610,1629]" targetBox="[193,1140,929,1573]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A204B4DFF47F9CF0790C7ED" blockId="5.[138,1186,1610,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">
Figures 2, 3.
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A204B4DFEDFF9CF0476C722" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="1986" box="[274,526,1610,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blackithorum">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A204B4DFEDFF9CF0476C722" box="[274,526,1610,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="397">Chonocephalus blackithorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female, details of terminal segments of abdomen. (2) From above. c, cercus; S9, sternite 9 (furca); T7–T10, tergites 7–10. (3) From below. H, hypoproct; S7–S8, sternites 7–8; sp, spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFE62FE8D0512C05F" blockId="6.[125,1172,136,448]" box="[431,874,264,288]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Key to females of Afrotropical species</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FEAD07EDC01F" blockId="6.[125,1172,136,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">It should be noted that abdominal tergite 3 (T3) is the second apparent tergite as T1 is vestigial or fused to T2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF55FEED05CFC0BF" blockId="6.[125,1172,136,448]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFF55FEED0688C0FF" box="[152,240,360,384]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Caution</emphasis>
: these keys to females not only include species given code letters only (until they can be linked to their males) but omit several species, as the number of these coded females is smaller than the number of species still only known in the male sex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DFDB654A3A234B4EFFB0FE5D02ECC4D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" type="key">
<key id="E35061F03A234B4EFFB0FE5D02ECC4D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FE5D02ECC3D0" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FE5D02ECC330" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FE5D02ECC330" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
1 Microtrichia, between the hairs, on frons as strongly developed as those on abdominal tergites and not so densely packed (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFD6CFE720562C370" box="[673,794,503,527]" captionStart="Figures 38, 39" captionStartId="23.[138,207,1527,1546]" captionTargetBox="[185,1137,135,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-36@23.[183,1140,133,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 38, 39. Chonocephalus females, hairing and microtrichia of abdominal tergites. (38) C. depressus. (39) C. heymonsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221371/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 39</figureCitation>
). Without obvious submarginal dark bands at rear of abdominal tergites. Tip of sternite 8 (S8) and spermatheca as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFF7EFDB2076EC330" box="[179,278,567,591]" captionStart="Figures 8, 9" captionStartId="9.[138,207,1114,1133]" captionTargetBox="[344,979,137,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-99@9.[336,986,133,1078]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 8, 9. Chonocephalus americanus female, details of abdomen. (8) Tergite 8. (9) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 9</figureCitation>
......................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A234B4EFC55FDB202ECC330" ID-CoL="5YBCX" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1963" box="[920,1172,567,591]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFC55FDB2026AC330" box="[920,1042,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">americanus</emphasis>
Borgmeier
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFDD202ECC3D0" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFDD202ECC3D0" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– Microtrichia on frons much smaller and more densely packed than those on T1+2–T6 or else they are small and dense in both situations (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFC96FDF205ACC3F0" box="[859,980,631,655]" captionStart="Figures 38, 39" captionStartId="23.[138,207,1527,1546]" captionTargetBox="[185,1137,135,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-36@23.[183,1140,133,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 38, 39. Chonocephalus females, hairing and microtrichia of abdominal tergites. (38) C. depressus. (39) C. heymonsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221371/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 38</figureCitation>
). Without other features combined............................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FD3202ECC390" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FD3202ECC3B0" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" box="[125,1172,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FD3202ECC3B0" box="[125,1172,693,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
2 T1+2–T6 with submarginal dark bands at rear margins (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFCB3FD32058AC3B0" box="[894,1010,695,719]" captionStart="Figures 32, 33" captionStartId="20.[125,194,1294,1313]" captionTargetBox="[204,1100,153,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-112@20.[194,1104,133,1259]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 32, 33. Chonocephalus dominicanus female. (32) Whole fly from above. (33) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 32</figureCitation>
)........ 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFD5202ECC390" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" box="[128,1172,727,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFD5202ECC390" box="[128,1172,727,751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– No such dark bands (S8 as
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFE36FD520416C390" box="[507,622,727,751]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="22.[125,185,1316,1335]" captionTargetBox="[433,867,147,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-66@22.[421,877,133,1280]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 37. Chonocephalus fletcheri female, details of abdomen with tergite 8 to left and sternite 8, furca and spermatheca to right. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221451/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 37</figureCitation>
).....................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A234B4EFC16FD5202ECC390" ID-CoL="5YB4M" authority="Schmitz" authorityName="Schmitz" authorityYear="1912" box="[987,1172,727,751]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFC16FD520256C390" box="[987,1070,727,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">fletcheri</emphasis>
Schmitz
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FD7202ECC230" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FD7202EDC250" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FD7202EDC250" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
3 T3 with less than 20 hairs (most arising from pale spots) at rear margin (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFB85FD7206AAC250" captionStart="Figures 32, 33" captionStartId="20.[125,194,1294,1313]" captionTargetBox="[204,1100,153,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-112@20.[194,1104,133,1259]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 32, 33. Chonocephalus dominicanus female. (32) Whole fly from above. (33) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 32</figureCitation>
)........................................................ 4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFCB202ECC230" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" box="[128,1172,823,847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFCB202ECC230" box="[128,1172,823,847]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– T3 with more than 20 hairs at rear margin (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFD20FCB20519C230" box="[749,865,823,847]" captionStart="Figures 43–45" captionStartId="26.[125,194,1067,1086]" captionTargetBox="[179,1127,139,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-209@26.[171,1128,133,1031]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 43–45. Chonocephalus heymonsi female. (43) Whole fly from above. (44) Tergite 8. (45) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221379/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 43</figureCitation>
)................ 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FCD202ECC2D1" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FCD202EDC2F0" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FCD202EDC2F0" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">4 Microtrichia of T1+2–T6 a little longer and less dense than those on thoracic notum .......................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFC1302ECC2D1" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" box="[128,1172,918,942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFC1302ECC2D1" box="[128,1172,918,942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">– These microtrichia as small and as dense as those on thoracic notum.......... 6</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FC3202ECC551" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FC3202ECC291" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FC3202ECC291" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
5 T8 more strongly developed and furca a simple ring (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFCDEFC3205B8C2B0" box="[787,960,951,975]" captionStart="Figures 21, 22" captionStartId="13.[138,207,1591,1610]" captionTargetBox="[372,939,170,1547]" captionTargetId="figure-1@13.[366,958,165,1555]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figures 21, 22. Chonocephalus cummingae female, details of abdomen. (21) Tergite 8. (22) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221349/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figures 21, 22</figureCitation>
). Hind tarsus with ventral hair palisade on basitarsus only...................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A234B4EFC79FC530257C291" ID-CoL="5YBD3" authority="Disney, 2005" authorityName="Disney" authorityYear="2005" box="[948,1071,982,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cummingae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFC79FC530257C291" box="[948,1071,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">cummingae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BE8657A83A234B4EFBF5FC5302ECC291" box="[1080,1172,982,1006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFC7302ECC551" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFC7302ECC551" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– T8 weaker and furca more complex (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFD97FC7304A8C571" box="[602,720,1014,1038]" captionStart="Figures 32, 33" captionStartId="20.[125,194,1294,1313]" captionTargetBox="[204,1100,153,1253]" captionTargetId="figure-112@20.[194,1104,133,1259]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figures 32, 33. Chonocephalus dominicanus female. (32) Whole fly from above. (33) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 33</figureCitation>
). Hind tarsus with ventral hair palisade on first two segments............................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A234B4EFC47FB9302ECC551" ID-CoL="5YBCP" authority="Borgmeier" authorityName="Borgmeier" authorityYear="1967" box="[906,1172,1046,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominicanus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFC47FB930269C551" box="[906,1041,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">dominicanus</emphasis>
Borgmeier
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FBB302ECC511" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FBB302ECC531" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" box="[125,1172,1076,1102]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FBB302ECC531" box="[125,1172,1076,1102]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
6 Microtrichia on T1+2–T6 larger and less dense (e.g.
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFCEEFBB305EFC531" box="[803,919,1078,1102]" captionStart="Figures 38, 39" captionStartId="23.[138,207,1527,1546]" captionTargetBox="[185,1137,135,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-36@23.[183,1140,133,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 38, 39. Chonocephalus females, hairing and microtrichia of abdominal tergites. (38) C. depressus. (39) C. heymonsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221371/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 39</figureCitation>
)............. 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFBD302ECC511" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" box="[128,1172,1110,1134]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFBD302ECC511" box="[128,1172,1110,1134]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– These microtrichia smaller and more dense (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFD72FBD3054EC511" box="[703,822,1110,1134]" captionStart="Figures 38, 39" captionStartId="23.[138,207,1527,1546]" captionTargetBox="[185,1137,135,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-36@23.[183,1140,133,1492]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figures 38, 39. Chonocephalus females, hairing and microtrichia of abdominal tergites. (38) C. depressus. (39) C. heymonsi." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221371/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 38</figureCitation>
)................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FBF302ECC591" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FBF302ECC5D1" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FBF302ECC5D1" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
7 T8 obscure in posterior two-thirds, posterior end of S
<quantity id="50399B243A234B4EFCE1FBF30522C5F1" box="[812,858,1142,1166]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
form of a stirrup-like loop (which may be pale) and spermatheca relatively large (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFCFFFB1305D3C5D1" box="[818,939,1174,1198]" captionStart="Figures 43–45" captionStartId="26.[125,194,1067,1086]" captionTargetBox="[179,1127,139,1028]" captionTargetId="figure-209@26.[171,1128,133,1031]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figures 43–45. Chonocephalus heymonsi female. (43) Whole fly from above. (44) Tergite 8. (45) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221379/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figure 45</figureCitation>
)...
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A234B4EFC1BFB1302ECC5D1" ID-CoL="5YB4R" authority="Stobbe" authorityName="Stobbe" authorityYear="1913" box="[982,1172,1174,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heymonsi">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFC1BFB130241C5D1" box="[982,1081,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">heymonsi</emphasis>
Stobbe
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFB3302ECC591" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFB3302ECC591" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– T8 more strongly developed, no loop at rear of S8 and spermatheca relatively small (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFF77FB530711C591" box="[186,361,1238,1262]" captionStart="Figures 65, 66" captionStartId="36.[125,194,1227,1246]" captionTargetBox="[346,952,143,1182]" captionTargetId="figure-92@36.[334,964,135,1190]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figures 65, 66. Chonocephalus species H, female, details of abdomen. (63) Tergite 8. (64) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221395/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figures 65, 66</figureCitation>
)......................................... Species H
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="2C352E643A234B4EFFB0FB7302ECC4D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFFB0FB7302ECC431" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFFB0FB7302ECC431" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
8 T8 a distinct rod, spermatheca and furca smaller and pale, S8 without loop at rear end (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFF77FA930714C451" box="[186,364,1302,1326]" captionStart="Figures 63, 64" captionStartId="35.[138,207,1328,1347]" captionTargetBox="[462,864,148,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-46@35.[453,870,133,1292]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figures 63, 64. Chonocephalus species G, female, details of abdomen. (63) Tergite 8. (64) Sternite 8, furca and spermatheca. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221393/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figures 63, 64</figureCitation>
). Hind tarsus with ventral hair palisade on basitarsus only.............................................................. Species G
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="977E36C13A234B4EFF4DFAD302ECC4D2" blockId="6.[125,1173,472,1453]" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
<keyLead id="2C3095F43A234B4EFF4DFAD302ECC4D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">
– T8 obscure, spermatheca and furca larger and former dark, S8 with a posterior loop (
<figureCitation id="0FFA2A443A234B4EFF32FAF307BAC4F1" box="[255,450,1398,1422]" captionStart="Figures 26, 27" captionStartId="16.[125,194,1505,1524]" captionTargetBox="[316,978,139,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[299,998,133,1469]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 26, 27. Chonocephalus depressus female, details of abdomen. (26) Sternite 8, furca (f) and spermatheca (s). (27) Tergite 8. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5221355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5221355/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">Figures 26, 27</figureCitation>
). First two segments of hind tarsus with a ventral hair palisade..........................................
<taxonomicName id="50C14D423A234B4EFC1FFA1002ECC4D2" ID-CoL="5YBD4" authority="Meijere" box="[978,1172,1429,1453]" class="Insecta" family="Phoridae" genus="Chonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="398" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
<emphasis id="A5B5EAD33A234B4EFC1FFA10024BC4D2" box="[978,1075,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="398">depressus</emphasis>
Meijere
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink