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<mods:title id="B223347A198D06DDE790A3337E07C418">Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America</mods:title>
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<treatment id="074287C9FFDEE300FF01FA2A59EB3E6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217065" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217065" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:074287C9FFDEE300FF01FA2A59EB3E6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/074287C9FFDEE300FF01FA2A59EB3E6F" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFDEE303FF01FA2A587B3891" box="[151,559,1480,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDEE303FF01FA2A587B3891" blockId="17.[151,559,1480,1506]" box="[151,559,1480,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D41C81B3FFDEE303FF01FA2A587B3891" bold="true" box="[151,559,1480,1506]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDEE303FF01FA2A587B3891" ID-CoL="8DN6W" authority="Felt 1908" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,559,1480,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDEE303FF01FA2A587B3891" bold="true" box="[151,559,1480,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDEE303FF01FA2A5BE03891" bold="true" box="[151,436,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhopalomyia inquisitor</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFDEE303FE2AFA2A587B3891" author="Felt" box="[444,559,1480,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1908) Appendix D. pp. 286 - 422, 489 - 510. In: 23 rd report of the state entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York, 1907. New York State Museum Bulletin, 124, 5 - 541." type="journal article" year="1908">Felt 1908</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDEE303FF01F9F058693B5A" blockId="17.[151,573,1554,1577]" box="[151,573,1554,1577]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AFFB11F1FFDEE303FF01F9F058693B5A" box="[151,573,1554,1577]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDEE303FF01F9F0586C3B5A" ID-CoL="8DN6W" authority="Felt 1908: 364" authorityName="Felt" authorityPageNumber="364" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,568,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDEE303FF01F9F05BC03B5A" box="[151,404,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Rhopalomyia inquisitor</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0E4A10CEFFDEE303FE0CF9F0586C3B5A" author="Felt" box="[410,568,1554,1577]" page="364" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFDEE303FE0CF9F058573B5A" author="Felt" box="[410,515,1554,1577]" pageId="17" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1908) Appendix D. pp. 286 - 422, 489 - 510. In: 23 rd report of the state entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York, 1907. New York State Museum Bulletin, 124, 5 - 541." type="journal article" year="1908">Felt 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 364
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDEE303FF01F9BA5B4A3A86" blockId="17.[151,1437,1624,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Adult: Antenna with 18 flagellomeres in male,
<quantity id="48139B3AFFDEE303FD5DF9BA595C3B01" box="[715,776,1624,1650]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.318" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="in" value="17.0">17 in</quantity>
female; necks of male flagellomeres IIIVII 0.750.77 times as long as nodes, necks of female flagellomeres 0.390.55 times as long as nodes. Palpus 1-segmented, short, cylindrical, about 1.5 times as long as wide. Wing length
<quantity id="48139B3AFFDEE303FC30F9445E563BB3" box="[934,1026,1702,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
in male,
<quantity id="48139B3AFFDEE303FBE0F9445E873BB3" box="[1142,1235,1702,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
in female. Male terminalia (
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFDEE303FEBEF92E5BDC3B95" box="[296,392,1740,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 25" captionStartId="17.[151,280,994,1018]" captionTargetBox="[251,1345,182,954]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[237,1356,173,970]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 20 25. Male terminalia (in dorsal view unless otherwise noted). 20. Rhopalomyia inquisitor. 21. Rhopalomyia lobata. 22. Rhopalomyia racemicola. 23. Rhopalomyia solidaginis. 24. Rhopalomyia solidaginis, ventral. 25. Rhopalomyia thompsoni. Scale bars = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188748/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
): gonocoxite wide, stout, setose, with setose mediobasal lobe; gonocoxal apodeme proximally divided into two slender arms; gonostylus curved in posterior margin, more or less straight in anterior margin, narrowed gradually toward apex, setose and setulose, with brush-like tooth; aedeagus almost rectangular, slightly widened and rounded distally; hypoproct almost rectangular, entire, setulose; cerci wide, rounded, separated by a wide notch, setose and setulose. Female abdomen (Fig. 36): tergite 7 rectangular, with two anterior trichoid sensilla and several setae posteriorly and mesolaterally; tergite 8 wide Y-shaped, proximal arms about half as long as shaft, each with anterior trichoid sensillum; ovipositor 7.4 times as long as tergite 7.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDDE300FF53FF7A5BD03DC1" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,796]" box="[197,388,152,178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pupa: unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDDE300FF53FF5C5E5D3D8C" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FF53FF5C5B2B3DAB" bold="true" box="[197,383,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="5050887DFFDDE300FF53FF5C5B553DAB" box="[197,257,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
material:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FE1CFF5D58B03DAB" authority="Felt." authorityName="Felt." box="[394,740,190,216]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FE1CFF5D58F23DAB" box="[394,678,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhopalomyia inquisitor</emphasis>
Felt.
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFDDE300FD7AFF5C590A3DAB" box="[748,862,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFDDE300FCFDFF5C59823DAB" box="[875,982,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFDDE300FC75FF5C5E6C3DAB" box="[995,1080,190,216]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFDDE300FBD2FF5C5ED73DAB" box="[1092,1155,190,216]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
, W. Nyack, NY,
<date id="FB55101FFFDDE300FAD8FF5C5A803D8C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1907-09-25">25/IX/ 1907</date>
, E.P. Felt, ex.
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FEEAFF07586F3D8C" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" box="[380,571,229,255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FEEAFF0758543D8D" box="[380,512,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. gigantea</emphasis>
, Felt
</taxonomicName>
# a1705a, deposited in Felt Collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDDE300FF53FEE95BB33C56" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,796]" box="[197,487,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FF53FEE95B5D3C56" bold="true" box="[197,265,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Host:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FE86FEEE5BB33C56" box="[272,487,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FE86FEEE5BB33C56" box="[272,487,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Solidago gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFDDE300FF53FED05BBD3FDB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDDE300FF53FED05BBD3FDB" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FF53FED05BE63C3F" bold="true" box="[197,434,306,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Gall and biology:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFDDE300FE2CFED0581E3C3F" author="Felt" box="[442,586,306,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1908) Appendix D. pp. 286 - 422, 489 - 510. In: 23 rd report of the state entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York, 1907. New York State Museum Bulletin, 124, 5 - 541." type="journal article" year="1908">Felt (1908)</bibRefCitation>
described this species from a single male and a single female and speculated (
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFDDE300FEB3FEBB5BCE3C00" author="Felt" box="[293,410,345,371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="34" refString="Felt, E. P. (1915) Appendix: A study of gall midges III. Pp. 127 - 288, 295 - 326 In: 30 th report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the state of New York 1914. New York State Museum Bulletin, 180: 7 - 336." type="journal article" year="1915">Felt 1915</bibRefCitation>
) that it develops as an inquiline in galls of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FC35FEBB5E723C01" box="[931,1062,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FC35FEBB5E723C01" box="[931,1062,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. capitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we did not find any signs of its presence in galls of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FD91FE6258D33CEA" box="[519,647,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FD91FE6258D33CEA" box="[519,647,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. capitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Given the morphological similarity of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FBCFFE625EB83CEA" box="[1113,1260,384,409]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FBCFFE625EB83CEA" box="[1113,1260,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults to those of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FF20FE455B7C3CB3" box="[182,296,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FF20FE455B7C3CB3" box="[182,296,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is possible that
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FD94FE4558C13CB3" box="[514,661,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FD94FE4558C13CB3" box="[514,661,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not an inquiline but, rather, induces inconspicuous conical galls that escaped Felts attention. In the present study we found such galls on leaves of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FB00FE2F5F743C95" box="[1174,1312,461,486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FB00FE2F5F743C95" box="[1174,1312,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. gigantea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFDDE300FAA4FE2F5FDA3C94" box="[1330,1422,461,487]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
), including on modified leaves composing the bud galls of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FCF2FE165E1B3F7E" box="[868,1103,500,525]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Dasineura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="folliculi">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FCF2FE165E1B3F7E" box="[868,1103,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Dasineura folliculi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This finding supports our hypothesis that
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FED8FDF85BB43F40" box="[334,480,538,563]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FED8FDF85BB43F40" box="[334,480,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may well be the species responsible for these galls, but the galls were rare and we were unable to rear adults from them (see details below, under
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FCE4FDA35E5A3F29" box="[882,1038,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FCE4FDA35E5A3F29" box="[882,1038,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.). A comparison of such adults with the
<typeStatus id="5050887DFFDDE300FF69FD8A5B663FF1" box="[255,306,616,642]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
specimens of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FE4BFD8A58263FF2" box="[477,626,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FE4BFD8A58263FF2" box="[477,626,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be the only way to determine whether the galls we found are indeed those of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FEC7FD6D5BB63FDB" box="[337,482,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FEC7FD6D5BB63FDB" box="[337,482,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFDDE300FF53FD5759EB3E6F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFDDE300FF53FD5759EB3E6F" blockId="18.[151,1436,152,796]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FF53FD575B113FBC" bold="true" box="[197,325,693,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks:</emphasis>
The adults of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FE6CFD5758C13FBD" box="[506,661,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FE6CFD5758C13FBD" box="[506,661,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FC21FD575E7B3FBD" box="[951,1071,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FC21FD575E7B3FBD" box="[951,1071,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. clarkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the male gonopods in
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFDDE300FA14FD575B583F86" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFDDE300FA14FD575B583F86" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are less bulky, its ovipositor is longer, the arms of tergite 8 of the female abdomen are relatively longer, and the female flagellomeres have significantly longer necks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>