265 lines
34 KiB
XML
265 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="93DC6307CDF0467CD69FB5A58936CE7C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188745" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dfdb39e9-8c2f-4825-9435-2a562dcf6fd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188745" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461096618451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dorchin, Netta, Mcevoy, Miles V., Dowling, Todd A., Abrahamson, Warren G. & Moore, Joseph G." docDate="2009" docId="074287C9FFC3E31FFF01FF7559023DAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02152p035.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2152" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhopalomyia gina Dorchin, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FB7BFFB1FFCFE312FF96FFE25A543D73" masterDocTitle="Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698589499081" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="08EA9EAAC83B7CC5FF5EB7B3AEC6E496" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2EDCEE0B047C3B7FB46AEA724B2E28CA">
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<mods:title id="4694395E96E2244855DF31102CE93C88">Revision of the goldenrod-galling Rhopalomyia species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AE0635EBF6F708A9D43C8FFFA4608E49" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7C7428A576A64D8FD77D8C0873D37ECF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6A4C793C8DD50622869E7575D662A2C9">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9052A327064955A2DA39A1A3397ADEFF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="18C637F1FC8BFE9CB004E5DD01BD7843">Mcevoy, Miles V.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3B0F7A87600FFAB36FC7696F4B0D92C5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9C90B79B612AAFB011E1E0125839BD43">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="21BC16016AD26C56AC18216859AFDCFA">Dowling, Todd A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CFC890EE6F9B8610961063C38316BF1E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="221566FE20161C03E3C8BE8432A08090">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B2EA326180307AF124C8889F68FED374">Abrahamson, Warren G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="42CEEC702742032B8F5AC65502641A8C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AC42FC9F639696675198AE09400B5B30">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1EF7181ABDE3EE899F782334BA201150">Moore, Joseph G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8B2C819B4CC20793F12A77C413AE7E75">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="616124EBBDD5901D15868EC6CBD280D4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2247F3420E0EE102A42828B727604BF8">
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<mods:date id="EEA4AB83CE8F3F205EDE994827574C32">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DF65E8EA769BBB0B99D876A25AB5F382">2152</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E5E9FF27046B8B7B8B6614847FE385A6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4402A2FC8145DDF2B9D9FAE11A6350B6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188745</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E6CF4E8125DE4226158EAE582747503D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="074287C9FFC3E31FFF01FF7559023DAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6217057" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6217057" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:074287C9FFC3E31FFF01FF7559023DAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/074287C9FFC3E31FFF01FF7559023DAB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC3E31EFF01FF755B2A3EFF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF01FF7558703DC2" blockId="12.[151,548,151,177]" box="[151,548,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D41C81B3FFC3E31EFF01FF7558703DC2" bold="true" box="[151,548,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF01FF7558703DC2" bold="true" box="[151,548,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFF01FF755BB63DC2" authority="Dorchin" authorityName="Dorchin" box="[151,482,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF01FF755B213DC2" bold="true" box="[151,373,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhopalomyia gina</emphasis>
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Dorchin
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A6AC57B6FFC3E31EFE7FFF7558703DC2" box="[489,548,151,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF01FF035B2A3EFF" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Adult: Antenna with 16–17 flagellomeres in both sexes; last two flagellomeres often partially fused or the apical flagellomere “budding” from the subapical one; necks of male flagellomeres III–VII 0.75–0.82 times as long as nodes (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFED2FECC5BD83C3B" box="[324,396,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3" captionStartId="13.[151,270,1502,1526]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,284,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[181,1406,274,1477]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3. Rhopalomyia guttata; 1. Male distal flagellomeres. 2. Female distal flagellomeres. 3. Mouthparts. 4. Rhopalomyia anthophila mouthparts. Figs. 5 – 8. Rhopalomyia gina; 5. Acropod. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 6. Male head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 7. Female head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 8. Tip of female ovipositor showing fused cerci and hypoproct. Scale bars (except for Fig. 5) = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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), necks of female flagellomeres III–VII 0.20–0.22 times as long as nodes (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFB67FECC5F6C3C3B" box="[1265,1336,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3" captionStartId="13.[151,270,1502,1526]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,284,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[181,1406,274,1477]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3. Rhopalomyia guttata; 1. Male distal flagellomeres. 2. Female distal flagellomeres. 3. Mouthparts. 4. Rhopalomyia anthophila mouthparts. Figs. 5 – 8. Rhopalomyia gina; 5. Acropod. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 6. Male head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 7. Female head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 8. Tip of female ovipositor showing fused cerci and hypoproct. Scale bars (except for Fig. 5) = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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). Palpus 1-segmented, tapering toward apex, with several long setae. Wing length
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFC3E31EFC63FEB75ED73C1C" box="[1013,1155,341,367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 mm</quantity>
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in male,
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<quantity id="48139B3AFFC3E31EFB66FEB75F2A3C1C" box="[1264,1406,341,367]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.6 mm</quantity>
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in female, covered by dark, hair-like scales. Claws untoothed, empodia longer than claws (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFB63FE9E5F173CE5" box="[1269,1347,380,406]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3" captionStartId="13.[151,270,1502,1526]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,284,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[181,1406,274,1477]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3. Rhopalomyia guttata; 1. Male distal flagellomeres. 2. Female distal flagellomeres. 3. Mouthparts. 4. Rhopalomyia anthophila mouthparts. Figs. 5 – 8. Rhopalomyia gina; 5. Acropod. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 6. Male head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 7. Female head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 8. Tip of female ovipositor showing fused cerci and hypoproct. Scale bars (except for Fig. 5) = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). Male abdomen: tergites 1–7 with posterior row of setae, band of setae mesally, a pair of anterior trichoid sensilla, and evenly covered by dark, hair-like scales. Tergite 8 with fewer long setae. Sternites weakly sclerotized, with posterior and mesal groups of setae and pair of adjacent trichoid sensilla anteriorly. Male terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFF36FDF45B613F43" box="[160,309,534,560]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 19" captionStartId="16.[151,270,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[177,1421,189,1860]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,164,1882]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 19. Male terminalia (in dorsal view unless otherwise noted). 9. Rhopalomyia anthophila. 10. Rhopalomyia anthophila, left gonopod, ventral. 11. Rhopalomyia bulbula. 12. Rhopalomyia guttata. 13. Rhopalomyia capitata. 14. Rhopalomyia clarkei. 15. Rhopalomyia cruziana. 16. Rhopalomyia fusiformae. 17. Rhopalomyia hirtipes. 18. Rhopalomyia gina. 19. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 0.1 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188747/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 18–19</figureCitation>
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): gonocoxite cylindrical, setose and setulose, with prominent, strongly setose and sclerotized mediobasal lobe bearing several setose apical papillae; gonocoxal apodeme bilobed; gonostylus cylindrical, setose and setulose throughout, with small brush-like tooth; aedeagus wide, cylindrical; hypoproct with very shallow notch, or entire in some individuals, evenly setulose; cerci separated by deep notch, setose and setulose. Female abdomen (Fig. 33): tergites 1–7 with posterior row of setae, several scattered long setae elsewhere, and evenly covered by dark scales; tergite 8 Y-shaped, wide and short, with few long setae; all tergites with two anterior trichoid sensilla. Sternites very weakly sclerotized or completely unsclerotized, with long setae mesally and a pair of adjacent trichoid sensilla anteriorly; ovipositor 4.1–5.5 times as long as tergite 7; cerci fused into single cylindrical lamella, setose and setulose (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFC07FCAE59833E15" box="[913,983,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3" captionStartId="13.[151,270,1502,1526]" captionTargetBox="[194,1399,284,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[181,1406,274,1477]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. 1 – 3. Rhopalomyia guttata; 1. Male distal flagellomeres. 2. Female distal flagellomeres. 3. Mouthparts. 4. Rhopalomyia anthophila mouthparts. Figs. 5 – 8. Rhopalomyia gina; 5. Acropod. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. 6. Male head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 7. Female head with 5 proximal flagellomeres. 8. Tip of female ovipositor showing fused cerci and hypoproct. Scale bars (except for Fig. 5) = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188746/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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); hypoproct rounded apically, strongly setose and setulose.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC3E31EFF50FC7B5F19393D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF50FC7B5F19393D" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Pupa (
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<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFE86FC7B5BF53EC0" box="[272,417,921,947]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 47" captionStartId="22.[151,279,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,201,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[323,1264,194,1727]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 47. Pupal heads. 40. Rhopalomyia anthophila, ventral. 41. Rhopalomyia anthophila, lateral. 42. Rhopalomyia capitata, ventral. 43. Rhopalomyia capitata, lateral. 44. Rhopalomyia clarkei, ventral. 45. Rhopalomyia clarkei, lateral. 46. Rhopalomyia gina, ventral. 47. Rhopalomyia gina, lateral. Scale bars = 200 μm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188749/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 46–47</figureCitation>
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): Light orange. Antennal bases developed into tapering, anteriorly pointed horns with a longitudinal fold-like groove closer to lateral than to median edge of horn. Posterior margins of antennal bases rounded in frontal view. Frons without median projections or ridges, with pronounced lateral projections, posterior edge with a V-shaped extension in frontal view. Cephalic seta short. Abdominal segments dorsally and laterally with pointed spicules. Terminal abdominal segment divided longitudinally into two lobes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC3E31EFF50FBB85817387C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF50FBB85817387C" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF50FBB85BD03907" bold="true" box="[198,388,1114,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC3E31EFF50FBB85B553907" box="[198,257,1114,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
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material:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFE02FBB958BE3907" authority="Dorchin." authorityName="Dorchin." box="[404,746,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFE02FBB958273907" box="[404,627,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhopalomyia gina</emphasis>
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Dorchin.
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC3E31EFD6EFBB8593E3907" box="[760,874,1114,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: male,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC3E31EFC5CFBB85E5C3907" box="[970,1032,1114,1140]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
, Mauses Creek, PA,
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||
<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFA8EFBB85FCC3907" box="[1304,1432,1114,1140]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-05-30">30/V/2008</date>
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||
, C. Blair, ex. leaf gall on
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFE47FB63581039E9" box="[465,580,1153,1178]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
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||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFE47FB63581039E9" box="[465,580,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. juncea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, deposited in
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<collectionCode id="E9FAAE1AFFC3E31EFD60FB63590639E8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[758,850,1153,1179]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USNM</collectionCode>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5050887DFFC3E31EFCC9FB63598939E8" box="[863,989,1153,1179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: All from
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<collectingCountry id="F7FC764FFFC3E31EFBF6FB635EF439E8" box="[1120,1184,1153,1179]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
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, PA, Mauses Creek, collected and reared from leaf galls on
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<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFDF4FB4A589A39B2" box="[610,718,1192,1217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
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<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFDF4FB4A589A39B2" box="[610,718,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. juncea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFD4BFB4A596839B1" box="[733,828,1192,1218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFCDEFB4A599739B1" box="[840,963,1192,1218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2007-06-07">7/VI/2007</date>
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||
, G. Lee;
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||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFBBDFB4A5EDC39B1" box="[1067,1160,1192,1218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
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||
,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFB02FB4A5F4039B1" box="[1172,1300,1192,1218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-05-20">20/V/2008</date>
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||
, C. Blair;
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFA1BFB4A5AAC399B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFE9BFB2C5B36399B" box="[269,354,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFEF9FB2C5BA7399B" box="[367,499,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-05-23">23/V/2008</date>
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, C. Blair;
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<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFDE7FB2C58BD399B" box="[625,745,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
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,
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFD60FB2C5902399B" box="[758,854,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFCF5FB2C59B3399B" box="[867,999,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-05-26">26/V/2008</date>
|
||
, C. Blair;
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFBF3FB2C5E8A399B" box="[1125,1246,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">8 females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFB7CFB2C5F1F399B" box="[1258,1355,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFACEFB2C5A81387C" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-05-30">30/V/ 2008</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="99EDFD56FFC3E31EFF77FB175B14387C" box="[225,320,1269,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFEDDFB175B80387C" box="[331,468,1269,1295]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-06-11">11/VI/2008</date>
|
||
, C. Blair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC3E31EFF50FAF95B9B38F1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF50FAF95E9E382F" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF50FAF95B033846" bold="true" box="[198,343,1307,1333]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFD3CFAFE58B73845" box="[682,739,1308,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina">Gina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lee, who discovered the galls in June of 2007 during her undergraduate summer internship at Bucknell University. The name is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF50FA8A5B9B38F1" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" box="[198,463,1384,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF50FA8A5B5E38F1" bold="true" box="[198,266,1384,1410]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Host:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFE84FA8B5B9B38F1" box="[274,463,1385,1410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFE84FA8B5B9B38F1" box="[274,463,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Solidago juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC3E31EFF50FA6D5E7C3A5F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31EFF50FA6D5E7C3A5F" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF50FA6D5BF038DA" bold="true" box="[198,420,1423,1449]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Gall and biology:</emphasis>
|
||
Galls of this species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFD23FA72595938D9" box="[693,781,1424,1450]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
) are similar in appearance to galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFB49FA725F0038DA" box="[1247,1364,1424,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFB49FA725F0038DA" box="[1247,1364,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFA10FA725ABD38A3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFA10FA725ABD38A3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFF6EFA545BD238A3" box="[248,390,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 62–64</figureCitation>
|
||
) and of its close relative on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFD44FA55590238A3" box="[722,854,1463,1488]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFD44FA55590238A3" box="[722,854,1463,1488]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFCF0FA5459EA38A3" box="[870,958,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are 2.8–5.0 mm long and
|
||
<quantity id="48139B3AFFC3E31EFAD2FA545A913884" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at widest part (n=22), smooth and green, often with purplish longitudinal lines and tip, and are most often found on the upper side of leaves. The position of the gall is usually apparent on the other side of the leaf only as a small scar, but some galls had a long, curly appendage extending from that side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="17D02A5AFFC3E31EFB24F9C85F5E3B37" box="[1202,1290,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURES 62 – 69" captionStartId="25.[151,274,1871,1895]" captionTargetBox="[243,1347,198,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[238,1353,194,1850]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 62 – 69. Rhopalomyia leaf and stem galls. Figs. 62 – 64. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on Solidago rugosa; 62. Young gall. 63. Mature galls. 64. Galls on underside of leaf. 65. Rhopalomyia clarkei galls on stem and leaf of Solidago altissima (photo by M. Wise). Figs. 66 – 67. Rhopalomyia sp. galls on leaves of Solidago gigantea; 66. Very young galls. 67. Mature gall. Figs. 68 – 69. Rhopalomyia gina galls on leaves of Solidago juncea. 68. Gall on upper side of leaf. 69. Tail-like appendage of gall on underside of leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188752/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
). Galls were found in mid May to mid June and adult emergence began in early June, with a sex ratio of 2:
|
||
<quantity id="48139B3AFFC3E31EFA91F9B35F673B18" box="[1287,1331,1617,1643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
favor of females. The galls were heavily attacked by ectoparasitoids (65% parasitism in 2007, n=22 galls), but in
|
||
<date id="FB55101FFFC3E31EFAF0F99A5A863BCB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2008-05">May 2008</date>
|
||
the parasitism rate was only 12% (n= 41 galls). Further examination of the plants in early August failed to reveal any galls, but
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EB7A4B2EFFC3E31EFE50F927596D3BAC" author="Gagne" box="[454,825,1733,1759]" pageId="12" pageNumber="34" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1989) The Plant Feeding Gall Midges of North America. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York, 356 pp." type="book" year="1989">Gagné (1989 and pers. com.)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found similar galls in late September on leaves subtending and composing the rosette galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFD5FF90E59803A76" box="[713,980,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Asphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monacha">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFD5FF90E59803A76" box="[713,980,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asphondylia monacha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFB95F90E5E263A76" box="[1027,1138,1772,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="juncea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFB95F90E5E263A76" box="[1027,1138,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">S. juncea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Silver Spring, MD. It therefore appears that this species completes at least two generations per year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C7F16554FFC3E31FFF50F8DA59023DAB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F5436DFFFC3E31FFF50F8DA59023DAB" blockId="12.[151,1437,225,2030]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFF50F8DA5B163A21" bold="true" box="[198,322,1848,1874]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
This species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFDE7F8DB58B63A21" box="[625,738,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFDE7F8DB58B63A21" box="[625,738,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFC8DF8DB59F93A21" box="[795,941,1849,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inquisitor">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFC8DF8DB59F93A21" box="[795,941,1849,1874]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. inquisitor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the morphology of adults and galls, but tergite 8 of the female abdomen is considerably wider and shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFC2AF8825E443A0A" box="[956,1040,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFC2AF8825E443A0A" box="[956,1040,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. gina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 33), and the male gonopods are more slender and therefore resemble those of the three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFC05F8655E683AD3" box="[915,1084,1927,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFC05F8655E683AD3" box="[915,1084,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFB64F8655F393AD3" box="[1266,1389,1927,1952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Euthamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFB64F8655F393AD3" box="[1266,1389,1927,1952]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euthamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFA17F8655B423AB5" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusiformae">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFA17F8655B423AB5" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. fusiformae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFEB3F84F5BC73AB5" box="[293,403,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFEB3F84F5BC73AB5" box="[293,403,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFE40F84F582F3AB5" box="[470,635,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedicellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFE40F84F582F3AB5" box="[470,635,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. pedicellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). All of these species share the one-segmented palpus, presence of necks in the female flagellomeres, and two-armed gonocoxal apodeme in the male. The pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC3E31EFB63F8365F1D3A9E" box="[1269,1353,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC3E31EFB63F8365F1D3A9E" box="[1269,1353,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. gina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC2E31FFEB9FF7A5BF13DC2" box="[303,421,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clarkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC2E31FFEB9FF7A5BF13DC2" box="[303,421,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. clarkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having lateral projections of the frons, which are also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48EB4D5CFFC2E31FFB40FF7A5F113DC2" box="[1238,1349,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BD9FEACDFFC2E31FFB40FF7A5F113DC2" box="[1238,1349,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R. lobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is unique for the longitudinal groove along the antennal bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |