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<mods:title id="7246FA45438B089AE2A541953B270D66">Gloora gen. nov. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini: Ctenuchina) for several Agylla - like Arctiinae</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF20064A3648F9F7" bold="true" box="[151,295,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Gloora alba</emphasis>
(
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(
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8DEB24FF28062F3664F9D5" box="[159,267,1614,1639]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 513" captionStartId-0="1.[151,264,491,513]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,264,1158,1180]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,190,474]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,301,1137]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[151,1436,190,474]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[151,1436,301,1137]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="FIGURES 14. Gloora alba comb. nov., habitus female (1, 2) and male (3) and both sexes gathering pyrrolizidine alkaloids from dry roots of Emilia sp. (Asteraceae) (4)." captionText-1="FIGURES 513. Holotypes (♀♀) of Gloora alba comb. nov.: Idalus alba Druce, 1894 (57) and Hyaleucerea agylloides Dyar, 1912 (810), and, for comparison, of Eucereon vestalis: Theages vestalis Schaus, 1892a (1113)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1452135/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1452137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8DEB24FEA1062F3630F9D5" box="[278,351,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 1530" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[389,1208,193,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[389,1209,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1530. Gloora alba comb. nov. (1518), G. mundula comb. nov. (1922), G. sericea comb. nov. (2326), and G. canae sp. nov. (2730), habitus male (15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28) and female (17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30), dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452139/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">1518</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8DEB24FEDD062E36DCF9D5" box="[362,435,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 3134" captionStartId="5.[151,264,632,654]" captionTargetBox="[349,1240,193,606]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1248,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3134. Gloora alba comb. nov., male genitalia; dorsal (31), ventral (32), lateral (33), phallus (34). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452141/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">3134</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8DEB24FE09062E3568F9D5" box="[446,519,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 4750" captionStartId="10.[151,264,536,558]" captionTargetBox="[151,1403,193,515]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,515]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 4750. Dense clusters of scales, representing crystal scales (cs)(sensu Boppré et al. 2018) at the base of coremata (co) as seen in a freshly killed specimen in which coremata were artificially protruded (47) and in a KOH abdominal preparation of Gloora alba comb. nov. Same structures in KOH preparations of G. sericea comb. nov. (49) and G. canae sp. nov. (50)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452149/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">4748</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8DEB24FDA5062F355FF9D5" box="[530,560,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 5154" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[155,1423,720,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,700,1273]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5154. Gloora alba comb. nov. (51), G. mundula comb. nov. (52), G. sericea comb. nov. (53), G. canae sp. nov. (54), female genitalia (bursae). Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452151/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">51</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8DEB24FD8B062F35EBF9D5" box="[572,644,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 5557" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,1417,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1417,1807]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 5557. Gloora alba comb. nov., scanning electron micrographs of a female tymbal organ after brushing off the overlying scales (55, 56) and a spectrogram (57) showing a modulation cycle with ten clicks in the active and passive modulation half cycle. The acoustic structure of sounds produced in response to manual stimulation meets the general assumptions on arctiine sound production (Blest et al. 1963; Fullard &amp; Fenton 1977) but differ insofar as the passive modulation half cycles are in comparison to the respective active cycles less emphasized, i.e. with lower overall amplitude of the click trains. Courtesy of Philipp Klein, FZE, Freiburg (cf. Klein et al. 2018). Scale bars: 100 µm / 5 msec." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452153/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">5556</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF2006F73666F91E" box="[151,265,1686,1708]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Idalus alba</emphasis>
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:172
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(
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only);
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locality:
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57.
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depository:
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<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF2006D43670F979" box="[151,287,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FF2006D437B9F979" ID-CoL="92CBH" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,214,1717,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Idalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Idalus</taxonomicName>
alba—
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<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8DEB24FE9706D736F1F979" box="[288,414,1717,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" refId="ref6963" refString="Druce, H. (1881 - 1900) Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera - Heterocera. Vol. III (Plates.)." type="book">
Druce (
<date id="5E5AC392FF8DEB24FEDC06D436F1F979" box="[363,414,1717,1739]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" value="1881" valueMax="1900">1881</date>
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1900: Tab. 73, 22; 1897: 366).
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<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF2006B43653F958" box="[151,316,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Eucereon album</emphasis>
(Druce)
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,
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.
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<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FF2006933523F8BA" ID-CoL="3MVTL" authority="Dyar, 1912: 50" authorityName="Dyar" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,588,1778,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hyaleucerea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agylloides">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF20069336E0F8BA" box="[151,399,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Hyaleucerea agylloides</emphasis>
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: 50
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;
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8DEB24FCBB0693341CF8BA" box="[780,883,1778,1800]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
, Orizaba—Figs. 810
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.
<materialsCitation id="9A8CEF0FFF8DEB24FBCE069335B6F895" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915261903" collectionCode="NMNH" country="Mexico" location="Synonymized" municipality="Hampson" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FBCE06933257F8BA" bold="true" box="[1145,1336,1778,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<typeStatus id="F55F5BF0FF8DEB24FBCE069333C1F8BA" box="[1145,1198,1778,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Type</typeStatus>
depository:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="4CF57D97FF8DEB24FAFF069232F6F8BA" box="[1352,1433,1779,1800]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">NMNH</collectionCode>
.
<location id="2F3BB389FF8DEB24FF700770363DF895" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A24D5444FF8DEB23FF20064A34D2FA08:2F3BB389FF8DEB24FF700770363DF895" box="[199,338,1809,1831]" country="Mexico" municipality="Hampson" name="Synonymized" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Synonymized</location>
by
<collectingMunicipality id="CA3F7F28FF8DEB24FECF077336B6F895" box="[376,473,1810,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Hampson</collectingMunicipality>
(1934: 358) (as
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FD37077335A6F895" ID-CoL="BHXZZ" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[640,713,1809,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Idalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FD37077335A6F895" box="[640,713,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">E. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</materialsCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8DEB24FF2007503375F8F7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1686,1892]" box="[151,1050,1839,1862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FF2007503792F8F4" ID-CoL="95K26" authorityName="Zerny" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,253,1841,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF2007503792F8F4" box="[151,253,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Eucereum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[sic, recte
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FEDB075036AEF8F4" box="[364,449,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Euceron</emphasis>
]
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FE78074E3561F8F7" box="[463,526,1839,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="album">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FE78074E3561F8F7" box="[463,526,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">album</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FD85074E35BCF8F7" ID-CoL="3MVTL" authority="Dyar" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1912" box="[562,723,1839,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hyaleucerea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agylloides">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FD85074E35F5F8F7" box="[562,666,1839,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">agylloides</emphasis>
Dyar
</taxonomicName>
)—
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8DEB24FD44074E3378F8F7" box="[755,1047,1839,1861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" refId="ref6889" refString="Draudt, M. (1915) Syntomidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge des Amerikanischen Faunengebietes. 6. Band. Die amerikanischen Spinner und Schwarmer. Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 33 - 293." type="book chapter">Draudt (1915: 184, fig. 25k)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8DEB24FF20072E3201F8D6" blockId="2.[151,1437,1686,1892]" box="[151,1390,1870,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF20072E362EF8D6" box="[151,321,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8DEB24FF20072E3798F8D6" ID-CoL="928MQ" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[151,247,1871,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eucereon</taxonomicName>
alba—
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8DEB24FEF6072F36A4F8D6" box="[321,459,1870,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" refId="ref7730" refString="Pliske, T. E. (1975) Attraction of Lepidoptera to plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Environmental Entomology, 4, 455 - 473. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 4.3.455" type="journal article">Pliske (1975)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8DEB24FE62072F3473F8D6" box="[469,796,1870,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" refId="ref7662" refString="Pinheiro, L. R. &amp; Gaal-Haszler, S. (2015) Illustrated catalogue of Neotropical Ctenuchina, Euchromiina and Pericopina types (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) described by Hans Zerny, with discussion on their taxonomic status. Zootaxa, 3925 (4), 505 - 535. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3925.4.2" type="journal article">Pinheiro &amp; Gaal-Haszler (2015)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8DEB24FC90072E332CF8D6" box="[807,1091,1870,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" refId="ref6497" refString="Beccacece, H. M. &amp; Zapata, A. I. (2017) Taxonomic changes of some neotropical species of Arctiini Leach (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae). Zootaxa, 4272 (3), 421 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4272.3.7" type="journal article">Beccacece &amp; Zapata (2017)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8DEB24FBFA072E3205F8D6" box="[1101,1386,1870,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" refId="ref7439" refString="Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. (2017) Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies &amp; moths. Available from: http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu / caterpillars / database. lasso (accessed: 18 November 2017)" type="url">Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FEB6D9FF8DEB25FF2007F033ADFAAA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8DEB24FF2007F032F4F843" blockId="2.[151,1437,1937,2034]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8DEB24FF2007F036EFF818" bold="true" box="[151,384,1937,1962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8DEB24FE3007F03697F81B" box="[391,504,1937,1961]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8DEB24FE3007F03697F81B" box="[391,504,1937,1961]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8DEB24FDB407F03540F81B" box="[515,559,1937,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, Vera[Cruz], Misantla, Col. R. Müller No 10961, CNIABM 3199 (CNIABM).
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8DEB24FF2007D7362FF87C" box="[151,320,1974,1998]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8DEB24FEFB07D73616F87F" box="[332,377,1974,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, [
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8DEB24FE3B07D4356EF87C" box="[396,513,1973,1998]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
], Valencia, Rothschild Bequest B.M.
<date id="5E5AC392FF8DEB24FC1F07D7349DF87C" box="[936,1010,1974,1998]" bridgedPair="-" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" value="1939-01">1939-I</date>
(
<collectionCode id="4CF57D97FF8DEB24FBB507D7331CF87C" box="[1026,1139,1974,1998]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">NHMUK</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8DEB24FB3207D73242F87C" box="[1157,1325,1974,1998]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
,
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8DEB24FA8E07D7320CF87F" box="[1337,1379,1974,1998]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8DEB24FAC507D737A5F843" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">San José</collectingRegion>
, Brade
<date id="5E5AC392FF8DEB24FEA807B83617F843" box="[287,376,2009,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" value="2009-03-07">7-III-09</date>
(
<collectionCode id="4CF57D97FF8DEB24FE3007B83686F843" box="[391,489,2009,2033]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="2" pageNumber="228">NHMW</collectionCode>
); &lt;
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8DEB24FDBB07B83536F843" box="[524,601,2009,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="male">30 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and &lt;
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8DEB24FD2807B83581F843" box="[671,750,2009,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" type="female">30 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Finca Hamadryas nr El Rodeo, Ciudad Colon (
<geoCoordinate id="4FD08395FF8DEB24FABD07B83206F843" box="[1290,1385,2009,2034]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="228" precision="925" value="9.9">9° 54' N</geoCoordinate>
, 84°
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8CEB25FF2000F93526FF4A" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
17' W;
<quantity id="ED1C48B7FF8CEB25FF4500F93651FF1D" box="[242,318,152,176]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" unit="m" value="870.0">870 m</quantity>
asl) (FZE). [All examined.] Note: at
<collectionCode id="4CF57D97FF8CEB25FCB100F9340DFF1D" box="[774,866,152,175]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">NHMW</collectionCode>
there are
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8CEB25FC5600F9331FFF02" box="[993,1136,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
in a row with
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8CEB25FA9A00F93230FF02" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[1325,1375,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Idalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FA9A00F93230FF02" box="[1325,1375,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: one misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8CEB25FEE400DD36EAFF66" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[339,389,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Idalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FEE400DD36EAFF66" box="[339,389,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the other being obviously
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8CEB25FD0A00DD3441FF66" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[701,814,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Agaraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FD0A00DD3441FF66" box="[701,814,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">G. sericea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="3CE22EDBFF8CEB25FC8000DC3423FF66" box="[823,844,189,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" type="female"></specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8CEB25FC2400DD3304FF67" box="[915,1131,188,213]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
Rio
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8CEB25FC7300DD3304FF67" box="[964,1131,188,213]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8CEB25FBC000DD33D0FF67" box="[1143,1215,188,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. At
<collectionCode id="4CF57D97FF8CEB25FB4700DC322EFF66" box="[1264,1345,189,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">ZMHB</collectionCode>
there is also a specimen, misidentified as
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FDB800813526FF4A" box="[527,585,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8CEB25FDB80081352BFF4A" authorityName="Druce" authorityYear="1894" box="[527,580,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Idalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">alba</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="7E9BB5DAFF8CEB25FF2004DC3445FB61" box="[151,810,1213,1235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8CEB25FF2004DC3445FB61" blockId="3.[151,810,1213,1235]" box="[151,810,1213,1235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FF2004DC3670FB61" bold="true" box="[151,287,1213,1235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8CEB25FE9204DC3601FB61" authority="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré, 2018" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" box="[293,366,1213,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Gloora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FE9204DC3601FB61" box="[293,366,1213,1235]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Gloora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A3843BFF8CEB25FEC204DC36BCFB61" box="[373,467,1213,1235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FEC204DC36BCFB61" bold="true" box="[373,467,1213,1235]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, wing venation. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8CEB25FF70056133ADFAAA" blockId="3.[151,1437,1280,1989]" box="[199,1218,1280,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Voucher material of FZE will be deposited at ZSBS, ZMHB, NHNH, MUSM and NHMW.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FEB6D9FF8CEB25FF70054534ECFAD2" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8CEB25FF70054534ECFAD2" blockId="3.[151,1437,1280,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FF700545362EFA8F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1316,1341]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small and fragile species entirely silky white with the costa narrowly lined with dark brown scales in males. In male genitalia valvae largely longer than uncus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FEB6D9FF8CEB23FF70050D3583FBC7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8CEB25FF70050D35C1F877" blockId="3.[151,1437,1280,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FF70050D369AFA37" bold="true" box="[199,501,1388,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Description. Male. Head.</emphasis>
Proboscis light brown. Palpi entirely covered with white scales, the first segment very hairy ventrally. Frons and vertex hairy and pure white. Eyes very large and black. Antennae bipectinate, scape, rami and shaft dorsally covered with white scales but ventrally the shaft is brown and rami are very dark brown.
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FF2005B9360EFA43" bold="true" box="[151,353,1496,1521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Body and wings.</emphasis>
The whole body (collar, thorax and abdomen) is entirely pure silky white. Ventrally there are some scattered yellowish scales on the abdomen. All legs pure white except the claws which are dark brown and some rows of brownish hairs on the tarsi. All wings pure silky white and veins concolorous with background. Forewing length
<quantity id="ED1C48B7FF8CEB25FEEE062436BCF9EE" box="[345,467,1605,1629]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">1112 mm</quantity>
(n = 8). There is a thin dark brown line along the forewing costa, darker at base and becoming lighter toward the apex. Fringes pure white. Ventrally all wings are pure white except a thin dark brown line along the forewing costa from base to apex.
<emphasis id="18903940FF8CEB25FD0306ED344CF917" bold="true" box="[692,803,1676,1701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8CEB25FC8606ED34D5F917" box="[817,954,1676,1701]" captionStart="FIGURES 3134" captionStartId="5.[151,264,632,654]" captionTargetBox="[349,1240,193,606]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1248,193,610]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3134. Gloora alba comb. nov., male genitalia; dorsal (31), ventral (32), lateral (33), phallus (34). Scale bar: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452141/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="229">Figs. 3134</figureCitation>
). Uncus cylindrical slightly spatulate in the terminal half and with a sharp spine on tip. Above uncus two symmetrical processes, tongue shaped, reaching almost the tip of the uncus. Valvae subrectangular, long and narrow, slightly undulate in ventral view and extending beyond the tip of the uncus. The tip well sclerotized, pointed and bent inwards. A small translucent cucullus covered with hair in ventral position. Hardly noticeable triangular expansion pointing inwards just after the middle of valvae. Vinculum wide with a small pointed and triangular saccus. Juxta well developed, sclerotized and shaped as a long tongue almost reaching the base of uncus. In lateral view the genitalic capsule appears extremely flat. Phallus cylindrical, slightly sinuate, long and narrow. Vesica with a unique and large ventral lobe with longitudinal wrinkles and a patch of well-developed cornuti.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7E9BB5DAFF8BEB22FF2007ED357CF852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452139/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" startId="4.[151,264,1932,1954]" targetBox="[389,1208,193,1916]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8BEB22FF2007ED357CF852" blockId="4.[151,1437,1932,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FF2007ED363AF810" bold="true" box="[151,341,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">FIGURES 1530.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8BEB22FEEB07ED36B6F810" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[348,473,1932,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Gloora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FEEB07ED36B6F810" box="[348,473,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">Gloora alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A3843BFF8BEB22FE5607ED353AF810" box="[481,597,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FE5607ED353AF810" bold="true" box="[481,597,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(1518),
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8BEB22FD0C07EC345EF810" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[699,817,1932,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hyaleucerea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mundula" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FD0C07EC345EF810" box="[699,817,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">G. mundula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A3843BFF8BEB22FC8F07ED34C2F810" box="[824,941,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FC8F07ED34C2F810" bold="true" box="[824,941,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(1922),
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8BEB22FBA407EC3317F810" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[1043,1144,1933,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Agaraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FBA407EC3317F810" box="[1043,1144,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">G. sericea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A3843BFF8BEB22FB3707ED339AF810" box="[1152,1269,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FB3707ED339AF810" bold="true" box="[1152,1269,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(2326), and
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8BEB22FA3107EC37BCF873" authority="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré, 2018" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Gloora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FA3107EC37BCF873" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">G. canae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A3843BFF8BEB22FF6E07CA3646F873" box="[217,297,1963,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230" rank="species">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8BEB22FF6E07CA3646F873" bold="true" box="[217,297,1963,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="230">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(2730), habitus male (15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 28) and female (17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26, 29, 30), dorsal (left) and ventral (right) view. Scale bar: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7E9BB5DAFF8AEB23FF20021932F3FD3C" box="[151,1436,632,654]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452141/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" startId="5.[151,264,632,654]" targetBox="[349,1240,193,606]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF20021932F3FD3C" blockId="5.[151,1436,632,654]" box="[151,1436,632,654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF200219363CFD3C" bold="true" box="[151,339,632,654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">FIGURES 3134.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FEEF021936BBFD3C" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[344,468,632,654]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Gloora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FEEF021936BBFD3C" box="[344,468,632,654]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Gloora alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A3843BFF8AEB23FE6D02193522FD3C" box="[474,589,632,654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FE6D02193522FD3C" bold="true" box="[474,589,632,654]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">comb. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male genitalia; dorsal (31), ventral (32), lateral (33), phallus (34). Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF7002B036F5FC70" blockId="5.[151,1437,721,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF7002B0364AFD58" bold="true" box="[199,293,721,746]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Female.</emphasis>
Identical to male but slightly larger and without a dark forewing costa. Antennae similar to male but just ciliate. Abdomen with a slightly yellowish tinge dorsally. Forewing length
<quantity id="ED1C48B7FF8AEB23FBA3029733E1FCBF" box="[1044,1166,758,782]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">1213 mm</quantity>
(n = 9).
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FB4702943231FCBC" bold="true" box="[1264,1374,757,782]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8AEB23FAD9029437D9FC80" captionStart="FIGURE 5154" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionTargetBox="[155,1423,720,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,700,1273]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5154. Gloora alba comb. nov. (51), G. mundula comb. nov. (52), G. sericea comb. nov. (53), G. canae sp. nov. (54), female genitalia (bursae). Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452151/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Genitalia generally slightly sclerotized, apophyses anteriores and posteriores subequal, thin and long. Ductus bursae as a narrow cylindrical tube strongly bent and sinuous in the last third where it is strongly sclerotized. Bursa copulatrix, first almost cylindrical and smooth then large and almost spherical, strongly sclerotized at the narrow end near the junction with ductus bursae. Bursa covered with spicules on its entire surface except near the junction with the ductus bursae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF7003AC3685FC54" blockId="5.[151,1437,721,1466]" box="[199,490,973,998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF7003AC365EFC54" bold="true" box="[199,305,973,998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Barcode.</emphasis>
See Discussion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF7003903583FBC7" blockId="5.[151,1437,721,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF7003903630FBB8" bold="true" box="[199,351,1009,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Early stages.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8AEB23FED2039335F3FBBB" box="[357,668,1009,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" refId="ref7439" refString="Janzen, D. H. &amp; Hallwachs, W. (2017) Area de Conservacion Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. Caterpillars, pupae, butterflies &amp; moths. Available from: http: // janzen. sas. upenn. edu / caterpillars / database. lasso (accessed: 18 November 2017)" type="url">Janzen &amp; Hallwachs (2017)</bibRefCitation>
provide photographs of larvae and list
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FBE503903632FB9C" authority="(Steud.) McClure" authorityName="(Steud.) McClure" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Rhipidocladum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemiflorum">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FBE5039032F3FBBB" box="[1106,1436,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Rhipidocladum racemiflorum</emphasis>
(Steud.) McClure
</taxonomicName>
, a New World bamboo (
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FDC6047735BFFB9C" authorityName="" authorityYear="1895" box="[625,720,1046,1070]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) with wide distribution in
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8AEB23FC490474333EFB9C" box="[1022,1105,1045,1070]" country="Paraguay" name="Central" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Central</collectingRegion>
and South America (
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8AEB23FAF50474367FFBE0" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" refId="ref6782" refString="Clayton, W. D., Vorontsova, M. S., Harman, K. T. &amp; Williamson, H. (2006 onwards) GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. Available from: http: // www. kew. org / data / grasses-db. html (accessed 1 October 2017)" type="url">
Clayton
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF20045B37A0FBE3" box="[151,207,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
) as well as
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FE23045B3690FBE3" box="[404,511,1082,1105]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Rhipidocladum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittieri">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FE23045B3690FBE3" box="[404,511,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">R. pittieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FD8104583586FBE3" box="[566,745,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Senna papillosa</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FD4E0458340AFBE0" box="[761,869,1081,1106]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
) as larval hostplants of
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FBC7045B327BFBE3" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1136,1300,1081,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FBC7045B327BFBE3" box="[1136,1300,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Eucereon alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Paul Gloor (pers. comm.) has reared
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FE04043F356BFBC7" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[435,516,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FE04043F356BFBC7" box="[435,516,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">G. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FD99043F358AFBC7" box="[558,741,1117,1141]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Rhipidocladum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemiflorum">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FD99043F358AFBC7" box="[558,741,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">R. racemiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FEB6D9FF8AEB23FF7004E0334DFAFC" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF7004E0334DFAFC" blockId="5.[151,1437,721,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF7004E03648FB28" bold="true" box="[199,295,1153,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FE8304E036ABFB2B" authorityName="Grados &amp; Laguerre &amp; Boppré" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[308,452,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Gloora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FE8304E036ABFB2B" box="[308,452,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Gloora alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits pharmacophagy with respect to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs); it has been reported to be attracted to
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FE7C04C435ABFB0F" box="[459,708,1189,1213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Heliotropium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Boraginales" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="indicum">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FE7C04C435ABFB0F" box="[459,708,1189,1213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Heliotropium indicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a source of PAs, in
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8AEB23FC0C04C43341FB0C" box="[955,1070,1189,1214]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
at
<quantity id="ED1C48B7FF8AEB23FBE104C733DBFB0F" box="[1110,1204,1190,1214]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" unit="m" value="1.1">1,100 m</quantity>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8AEB23FB5304C43629FB53" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" refId="ref7730" refString="Pliske, T. E. (1975) Attraction of Lepidoptera to plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Environmental Entomology, 4, 455 - 473. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / ee / 4.3.455" type="journal article">
Pliske (1975; as
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FF2004AB3654FB53" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,315,1225,1249]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF2004AB3654FB53" box="[151,315,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Eucereon alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
; strong attraction of both sexes to various pure PAs and PA-containing plants in evenings has also been found in
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8AEB23FE81048F36DFFAB4" box="[310,432,1261,1286]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
by P. Gloor (MB unpubl., cf.
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8AEB23FD4B048C342FFAB4" box="[764,832,1261,1286]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,264,491,513]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,474]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,190,474]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Gloora alba comb. nov., habitus female (1, 2) and male (3) and both sexes gathering pyrrolizidine alkaloids from dry roots of Emilia sp. (Asteraceae) (4)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452135/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Both sexes are attracted to artificial light, too. Males possess interesting tymbal (see
<figureCitation id="B2DFF9D7FF8AEB23FDB4057035E4FA98" box="[515,651,1297,1322]" captionStart="FIGURES 5557" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1842,1864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,1417,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,1417,1807]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 5557. Gloora alba comb. nov., scanning electron micrographs of a female tymbal organ after brushing off the overlying scales (55, 56) and a spectrogram (57) showing a modulation cycle with ten clicks in the active and passive modulation half cycle. The acoustic structure of sounds produced in response to manual stimulation meets the general assumptions on arctiine sound production (Blest et al. 1963; Fullard &amp; Fenton 1977) but differ insofar as the passive modulation half cycles are in comparison to the respective active cycles less emphasized, i.e. with lower overall amplitude of the click trains. Courtesy of Philipp Klein, FZE, Freiburg (cf. Klein et al. 2018). Scale bars: 100 µm / 5 msec." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1452153/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Figs. 5557</figureCitation>
) and androconial organs and emit pheromones which are detectable with the human nose―details will be reported elsewhere (Boppré
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FCCA055734DAFAFF" box="[893,949,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
in prep.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FEB6D9FF8AEB23FF700538342CFAC3" box="[199,835,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF700538342CFAC3" blockId="5.[151,1437,721,1466]" box="[199,835,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF700538360FFAC0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8AEB23FED005383561FAC3" box="[359,526,1369,1393]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="E8202BB0FF8AEB23FDAF053835E6FAC3" box="[536,649,1369,1393]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8AEB23FDAF053835E6FAC3" box="[536,649,1369,1393]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="52F3A5C2FF8AEB23FD2205383450FAC3" box="[661,831,1369,1393]" name="Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62FEB6D9FF8AEB23FF70051C34D2FA08" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2A5BE552FF8AEB23FF70051C34D2FA08" blockId="5.[151,1437,721,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF70051C3654FA24" bold="true" box="[199,315,1405,1430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Remarks.</emphasis>
Because of the great similarity of
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FD71051F3477FA27" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[710,792,1405,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FD71051F3477FA27" box="[710,792,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">G. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FC88051C32F8FA24" authority="Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1911" authorityName="Barnes &amp; McDunnough" authorityYear="1911" box="[831,1431,1405,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Agylla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FC88051C3359FA27" box="[831,1078,1405,1429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">Agylla septentrionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E7598A3FF8AEB23FB88051F32F8FA24" box="[1087,1431,1405,1430]" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" refId="ref6460" refString="Barnes, W. &amp; McDunnough, J. H. (1911) New species and genera of North American Lepidoptera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 19, 151 - 162." type="journal article">Barnes &amp; McDunnough, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, &quot;
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FF1505C0365BFA0B" authorityName="Dyar" authorityYear="1912" box="[162,308,1441,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Hyaleucerea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agylloides">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FF1505C0365BFA0B" box="[162,308,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">G. agylloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; would be a more appropriate name but
<taxonomicName id="EDE49ED1FF8AEB23FD4A05C03441FA0B" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[765,814,1441,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Eucereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="18903940FF8AEB23FD4A05C03441FA0B" box="[765,814,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="231">alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has priority.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>