370 lines
32 KiB
XML
370 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48688" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5828e952-a2f6-41ee-9a4f-d766fe7f8489" ID-PMC="PMC7170971" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-926-53" ID-Pensoft-UUID="31577BA9FDE25319B8ECD4FEA4686718" ID-PubMed="32336919" ID-ZooBank="5A4CA4BA59C141149370F15834AB6476" ModsDocID="1313-2970-926-53" checkinTime="1586879032643" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cao, Liang Ming, Achterberg, Cornelis van, Tang, Yan Long, Yang, Zhong Qi, Wang, Xiao Yi & Cao, Tian Wen" docDate="2020" docId="9E5310629A3554858BCABDE05A155682" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 926: 53-72" docOrigin="ZooKeys 926" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48688" docTitle="Spathius ochus Nixon 1943" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="31577BA9FDE25319B8ECD4FEA4686718" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="31577BA9FDE25319B8ECD4FEA4686718" masterDocTitle="Redescriptions of two parasitoids, Metapelma beijingense Yang (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) and Spathius ochus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), parasitizing Coraebus cavifrons Descarpentries & Villiers (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) in China with keys to genera or species groups" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668168716480" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Redescriptions of two parasitoids, Metapelma beijingense Yang (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae) and Spathius ochus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), parasitizing Coraebus cavifrons Descarpentries & Villiers (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) in China with keys to genera or species groups</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cao, Liang Ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">caolm1206@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Cornelis van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, and Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-4853</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tang, Yan Long</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Regional Characteristic for Conservation and Utilization of Plant Resource in Chishui River Basin, College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, 563002, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yang, Zhong Qi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xiao Yi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>The Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cao, Tian Wen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Shanxi Insect Herbarium, Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>926</mods:number>
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<mods:start>53</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48688</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.926.48688</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-926-53</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163626748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E5310629A3554858BCABDE05A155682" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E5310629A3554858BCABDE05A155682" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName LSID="9E531062-9A35-5485-8BCA-BDE05A155682" authority="Nixon, 1943" authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius ochus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochus">Spathius ochus Nixon, 1943</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figures 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Head, lateral aspect B metasoma, lateral aspect C metasoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, lateral aspect E wings." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399820" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♂, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, dorsal aspect B head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect C head and mesosoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399821" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">, 8</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius ochus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochus">Spathius ochus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1943.tb00434.x" author="Nixon, GEJ" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="173 - 495" refId="B20" refString="Nixon, GEJ, 1943. A revision of the Spathiinae of the old world (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 93 (2): 173 - 495, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1943.tb00434.x" title="A revision of the Spathiinae of the old world (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1943.tb00434.x" volume="93" year="1943">Nixon 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 372;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chao, HF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Fujian Agricultural College" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B7" refString="Chao, HF, 1957. On south-eastern Chinese braconid-flies of the subfamily Spathinae (Braconidae). Transactions of the Fujian Agricultural College 4: 1 - 18" title="On south-eastern Chinese braconid-flies of the subfamily Spathinae (Braconidae)." volume="4" year="1957">Chao 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 13;
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<bibRefCitation author="Shenefelt, RD" editor="van der Vecht, J" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk's, Gravenhage, Netherlands" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1263 - 1424" refId="B23" refString="Shenefelt, RD, Marsh, PM, 1976. Braconidae 9. Doryctinae. In: van der Vecht, J, Shenefelt, RD, Eds., Hymenopterorum Catalogus (Nova Editio) 13. W. Junk's, Gravenhage, Netherlands: 1263 - 1424" title="Braconidae 9. Doryctinae." volumeTitle="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (Nova Editio) 13." year="1976">Shenefelt and Marsh 1976</bibRefCitation>
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: 1410;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chao, HF" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Sinica" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="173 - 184" refId="B8" refString="Chao, HF, 1978. A study on Chinese braconid wasps of the tribe Spathiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae). Acta Entomologica Sinica 21: 173 - 184" title="A study on Chinese braconid wasps of the tribe Spathiini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae)." volume="21" year="1978">Chao 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 180;
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<bibRefCitation author="Chen, JH" journalOrPublisher="Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fujian" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" refId="B9" refString="Chen, JH, Shi, QX, 2004. Systematic studies on Doryctinae of China (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Fujian Science and Technology Publishing House, Fujian" title="Systematic studies on Doryctinae of China (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." year="2004">Chen and Shi 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 150; Yuet al. 2012;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3960.1.1" author="Tang, P" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 132" refId="B24" refString="Tang, P, Belokobylskij, SA, Chen, XX, 2015. Spathius Nees, 1818 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) from China with a key to species. Zootaxa 3960: 1 - 132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3960.1.1" title="Spathius Nees, 1818 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) from China with a key to species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3960.1.1" volume="3960" year="2015">Tang et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 79.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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71♀♀, 5♂♂, China, Guizhou Province, Zunyi City,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="54.91" value="27.698586">27°41'54.91"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="40.29" value="106.911194">106°54'40.29"E</geoCoordinate>
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, collected 10.v.2015 pupae from carcass of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Descarpentries & Villiers" authorityYear="1967" class="Insecta" family="Buprestidae" genus="Coraebus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coraebus cavifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Coraebus cavifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Descarpentries & Villiers under bark of dead
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brand" authorityYear="1900" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Symplocaceae" genus="Symplocos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Symplocos stellaris" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stellaris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Symplocos stellaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Brand, emerged into adults 15-20.v.2015, Tang Yan Long.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Female.</emphasis>
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Body length 4.1-4.6 mm (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">6A</figureCitation>
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), forewing length 3.1-3.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Color</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Body generally brown (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">6A</figureCitation>
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). Head yellowish brown, basal half of antenna yellow, its apical half brown; pronotum, mesoscutum, propodeum, petiole and legs (except tarsi) dark brown; scutellum, axilla, metanotum, mesosternum, metasoma except first tergite, and telotarsus black; basal half of basitarsus white, and remainder of tarsus yellow. Fore wing distinctly infuscate, with several subhyaline spots and strips, apical 2/3 pterostigma dark brown, veins brown; hind wing subhyaline. Ovipositor sheath pale brown in basal 3/5, yellow in next 1/5 and dark 1/5 apically.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius ochus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Spathius ochus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
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Habitus, lateral aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
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head, dorsal aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
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head, anterior aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
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antennae, lateral aspect
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
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mesosoma, dorsal aspect.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Median length 0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of its width in dorsal view; with transverse striae. Length between posterior margin of lateral ocellus and occipital carina 1/2 of length of head in dorsal view; occipital carina distinct, median portion concave, reversed V-shaped; length of eye: length of temple in dorsal view = 11: 14 (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">6B</figureCitation>
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); eyes rather large (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Head, lateral aspect B metasoma, lateral aspect C metasoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, lateral aspect E wings." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399820" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">7A</figureCitation>
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); OOL: OD: POL = 3: 2: 1.Width of head 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height in anterior view and width of face 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height of eye; clypeus with transverse thin carina, face covered with sparse white setae; malar space 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height of eye; height of clypeus 0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its width, exterior margin of clypeus slightly concave; length of maxillary palp 0.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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head width, 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height of eye and 3.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of malar space; hypoclypeal depression deeply concave (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">6C</figureCitation>
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); antennae 36-segmented, scape 1/3 length of first flagellar segment, and 0.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its maximum width; first flagellar segment 7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its maximum width, 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as second segment; last antennal segment acute (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">6D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Length of mesosoma 2.4-4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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its height in lateral view; pronotal keel fine, weak, with fine posterior branches, mesoscutum distinctly roundly elevated above pronotum. In dorsal view pronotum with parallel longitudinal carina bilaterally, median length of mesoscutum equal to its maximum width; mesoscutum finely granulate; notauli deep and middle of mesoscutum with two parallel longitudinal carinae, between with six transverse carinae. Anterior 1/3 of mesopleuron near pronotum and tegula with short rugae and white setae, posterior 2/3 with scaly sculpture. Scutellum apical 2/3 of scutellum finely granulate; scutellar sulcus 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as scutellum, with 7-9 longitudinal carinae and separated small depressions. Metanotum narrow, medially concave, with 9 or 10 longitudinal carinae, propodeum weakly oblique posteriorly, 1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its apical width, 0.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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petiole, medio-longitudinal carina bifurcates at basal 1/3 of propodeum, posterior half of propodeum with irregular carinae (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, lateral aspect B head, dorsal aspect C head, anterior aspect D antennae, lateral aspect E mesosoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399819" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">6E</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Head, lateral aspect B metasoma, lateral aspect C metasoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, lateral aspect E wings." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399820" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Fore femur 0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of tibia and 3.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its maximum width, fore tibia 6.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, outside with a row of spines and apex with comb of spines, ratio of fore tarsal segments I-V = 20: 10: 7: 5: 6; mid femur 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of tibia, ratio of mid tarsal segments I-V = 10: 6: 5: 4: 8; hind coxa simple, hind femur 2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as hind tibia, ratio of hind tarsal segments I-V =18: 9: 6: 4: 8.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing 3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its width; pterostigma 3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its maximum width; 1-R1 1.25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
pterostigma, r originate from middle of pterostigma; SR1 7.2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than r, straightly extending to wing margin; r nearly 1/4 of 2-SR, cu-a perpendicular to CU1, m-cu enters second submarginal cell; meeting point of 2-SR, 2-M and 2-SR+M weak, veins reduced; 1-SR+M straight, 1-SR 1/4 length of 1-M; M+CU1 distinctly curved, apical subbasal cell narrow and elongate, r-m unsclerotized, hardly invisible; 3-M and CU1a reaching wing margin. Length of hind wing 4.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its width, m-cu and SR pigmented (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Head, lateral aspect B metasoma, lateral aspect C metasoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, lateral aspect E wings." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399820" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399820" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius ochus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Spathius ochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
Head, lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">E</emphasis>
|
||
wings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
First tergite 3.5-3.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than its maximum apical width in dorsal view, with regular longitudinal carinae; in lateral view first tergite slender and 1.5-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as propodeum, spiracular tubercles located at basal third, laterally with erect white long setae; tergites 2-4 densely granulate; fifth and sixth tergites smooth. Length of visible setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.7-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of metasoma, 0.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of fore wing, and 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of body (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♀, China, Guizhou. A Head, lateral aspect B metasoma, lateral aspect C metasoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, lateral aspect E wings." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399820" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Body length 4.0-4.2 mm, forewing 2.7 mm (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Spathius ochus Nixon, ♂, China, Guizhou. A Habitus, dorsal aspect B head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect C head and mesosoma, lateral aspect D metasoma, dorsal aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399821" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">8</figureCitation>
|
||
), otherwise similar to female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399821" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius ochus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Spathius ochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nixon, ♂, China, Guizhou.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">B</emphasis>
|
||
head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">C</emphasis>
|
||
head and mesosoma, lateral aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">D</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma, dorsal aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="53" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The mesosoma is variably depressed; usually 2.4-2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high, but in some specimens up to 3.7-4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Obviously, this character is useless to separate
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tereus" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="tereus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">S. tereus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Nixon, 1943. Therefore, we agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chao, HF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Fujian Agricultural College" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B7" refString="Chao, HF, 1957. On south-eastern Chinese braconid-flies of the subfamily Spathinae (Braconidae). Transactions of the Fujian Agricultural College 4: 1 - 18" title="On south-eastern Chinese braconid-flies of the subfamily Spathinae (Braconidae)." volume="4" year="1957">Chao (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that the latter cannot be separated.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nixon" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius ochus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Spathius ochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a gregarious koinobiont ectoparasitoid like most other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Spathius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spathius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">Spathius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, each buprestid larva can feed 3-9 individuals. From one tree 11 borer larvae were parasitized by 42 individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ochus" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="ochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">S. ochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, together with seven borer larvae were parasitized by
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. beijingense" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="beijingense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">M. beijingense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 34 live buprestid pupae, resulting in a parasitism rate of about 21.2% for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ochus" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="ochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">S. ochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sex ratio is about 14:1 (71 females to 5 males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The very interesting phenomenon of synparasitism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873807030049" author="Tobias, VI" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" pagination="273 - 278" refId="B25" refString="Tobias, VI, 2007. On some synonymical terms in the parasitology of entomophagous insects and on the terms parasitoid and carnivoroid. Entomological Review 87: 273 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873807030049" title="On some synonymical terms in the parasitology of entomophagous insects and on the terms parasitoid and carnivoroid." url="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873807030049" volume="87" year="2007">Tobias 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is shown in Figure
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. A A mature pupa of Metapelma beijingense Yang, near the buprestid larva B a new pupa of M. beijingense Yang, with the buprestid larva C empty cocoons of Spathius ochus Nixon D pupa of M. beijingense Yang and cocoons of S. ochus Nixon showing synparasitism." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.926.48688.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/399815" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
; one individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. beijingense" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="beijingense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">M. beijingense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and four individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. ochus" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="ochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">S. ochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were together parasitizing the same woodborer larva. Likely, these two ectoparasitoid species laid their eggs near the host at about the same time, and the larvae did not start fighting each other because the host was large enough to avoid severe food competition. Of course, this is only circumstantial evidence that is in need of corroboration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. parochus" pageId="0" pageNumber="53" rank="species" species="parochus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="53">S. parochus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Belokobylskij & Maeto and can be recognized with the key below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |